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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have anti-cancer effects with fewer side effects than standard chemotherapeutic agents, however, they exert oxidative stress-based adverse effects on normal cells and so their applications have raised concern about possible health and environmental risks. We evaluated whether green tea extract (GTE), which contains potent antioxidants, could ameliorate AgNPs geno-, cyto-, and histotoxicities without decreasing their therapeutic potential against Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma (EAC). GTE enhanced the anti-cancer effect of AgNPs against EAC cells and ameliorated the genotoxic effect of AgNPs as indicated by lowering chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus frequencies. Additionally, GTE relieved most of degenerative histological changes induced by AgNPs. GTE restored the increased MDA and the decreased SOD, GPx and CAT serum levels induced by AgNPs to levels comparable to normal. The pre-treatment with GTE and AgNPs showed better improvement than the post-treatment strategy. GTE can not only ameliorate AgNPs-induced adverse effects but also improve their anti-cancer effect against EAC. So, it could be useful in the treatment of liver dysfunction associated with AgNPs.

New di-(β-chloroethyl)-amides of some acids derived from 2-mercaptobenzoxazole were prepared by reaction of the corresponding pivalic mixed anhydrides with di-(β-chloroethyl)-amine. A study regarding the optimization of the chemical reactions was made for the case of di-(β-chloroethyl)-amines. The quantum chemical analysis by Spartan’14 was made in order to establish the most stable configuration of the ground electronic states for the obtained chemical structures and some physico-chemical parameters of N-mustards reported in this paper. Mercaptobenzoxazoles substituted in the side chain with the cytotoxic group show antitumor activity and they inhibit Ehrlich Ascites in an appreciable proportion compared to the drug I.O.B.-82, as our studies evidenced.

Present study explores native L-asparaginase encapsulated long-acting cross-linker-free PLGA-nanoformulation in an Ehrlich ascites tumor model. L-asparaginase-PLGA nanoparticles for tumor were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, optimized and validated by Box-Behnken Design. L-ASN-PNs showed a particle size of 195 nm ± 0.2 nm and a PDI of 0.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques revealed its smooth morphology and elicited an in-vitro release of 80% of the drug, following the Higuchi drug release model. In-vivo studies of L-ASN-PNs on an Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) model were completed and compared with the standard medication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. L-ASN-PN treated mice showed a 51.15% decrease in tumor volume and 100% survival rate with no reduction in body weight, no haemotoxicity and no hepatotoxicity, as evident from the hematological parameters, and liver enzyme parameters that were well within the prescribed limits. Chemotherapy has severe side effects and restricted therapeutic success. Henceforth, the purported L-Asparaginase PLGA nanoparticles are a suitable entity for better tumor regression, intra-tumor accumulation and no hematological side-effects.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most important healthcare problems in the world. Boric acid has cytotoxic activity, but there is insufficient data on its effectiveness for cancer development. In this study, we investigated the effect of boric acid on cancer development was investigated in the mouse model for Ehrlich tumor.Methods: In total, 21 female BALB/c mice (mean weight, 27.5 g; mean age, 4 months) were divided into three equal groups. In each group, 1000 Ehrlich tumor cells were implanted intraperitoneally. The first group was intraperitoneally administered 1 mg/day NaH3BO3 solution before Ehrlich tumor implantation. The second group was intraperitoneally administered 1 mg/day NaH3BO3 solution simultaneously with Ehrlich tumor implantation. The third group was intraperitoneally administered 1 ml/day 0.9% NaCl simultaneously with Ehrlich tumor implantation. All administrations continued until the subjects died.Results: None of the rats were sacrificed, and the weight increase time was considered as the starting point of the tumor. There was no significant difference between all groups with respect to tumor initiation times and survival times. Histopathological examinations revealed no significant differences between tumor foci and tumor diameters.Conclusion: The intraperitoneal administration of boric acid in the Ehrlich tumor model showed no effect on cancer development.

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate anticancer effect of Viburnum opulus (VO) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice that treated with different concentrations of VO. Materials and Methods: For tumor transplantation; mice were inoculated with 1 × 106 EAC cells intraperitoneally and than divided into five groups (n = 9). Two hours after inoculation; experimental groups were treated daily with VO extract at doses of 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, 4000 mg/kg. Results: Extracts obtained from gilaburu juice can have hinder effect on tumor cell growth. Conclusion: As far as we known, this is the first study about in vivo antitumoral activity of VOon Ehrlich ascites tumor model, and consequently VO extract exhibited anticancer activity against EAC-bearing mice.

A series of novel quinoxaline, pyrimidine, and pyrazole furochromone derivatives were synthesized for the first time. These derivatives were prepared under mild conditions using a stepwise efficient methodology. The developed protocol led to the synthesis of furochromone derivatives in moderate to good yields (60–75%). The structures of the prepared derivatives were identified using several spectroscopic techniques including IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated using in vitro Ehrlich ascites assay. Pyrazolobenzofurans exhibited the most potent effect suggesting the importance of pyrazole nucleus for the cytotoxic activity.

Introduction: Different doses of C. Mas concentrated syrup on ascitic tumors was investigated in the Ehrlich Ascites Tumor model (EAT). Material and Methods: A total of 46 Balb/C mice were used in our study, 6 of which were stock animals and the other were in ascitic tumor groups. EAT cells (1x106 EAT cells) were injected intraperitoneally into all of the mice. Mice in the treatment groups with ascitic tumors received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg Cornus Mas extract intraperitoneally for 9 days. Results: Counts after the 3 and 24-hour incubations in the EAT cell line that the average number of the dead cells was less in the group to which 100μg/ml C. Mas was administered when compared with the control group, and that this difference was significant at a statistical level (P

Male Swiss mice, implanted with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, were fed each of the following test materials: fresh bovine colostrum, colostrum cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus , colostrum cultured with Lactobacillus bulgaricus , colostrum cultured with L. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus , milk cultured with L. acidophilus and milk cultured with L. bulgaricus . Fresh colostrum had no significant effect when fed ad libitum for 7 consecutive days after tumor implantation. Colostrum fermented with L. acidophilus , L. bulgaricus or yogurt culture significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited tumor cell proliferation as indicated by a 16 to 40% decrease in cell counts and a 13 to 35% decrease in DNA synthesis. Similar effects were noted for whole milk fermented with either L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus .

Cancer is a significant public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Phytotherapy studies have gained importance due to the side effect of standard cancer therapy protocols. Viburnum opulus, belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family, is used in the treatment of various diseases. Anticarcinogenic effects of Viburnum opulus have also been reported. The aim of this study is to compare the cytotoxic effect of Gilaburu juice extract given at various doses against EAT cell in culture. The juice of the fermented Gilaburu fruit were centrifuged filtered through a 50 kDa filter and the fraction below 50 kDa was lyophilized. The EAT cells in the ascitic fluid from the previously prepared stock animal were counted and plated on 96 well plates. The first group of five was determined as the control group and the other groups were given 50–100–200 μg/mL Gilaburu extract. At the end of 3, 24 and 48 h cultured periods, the cells were counted and the number of viable and dead cells was noted. The number of dead and alive cells in control and experimental groups did not change after 3 hours period but there were 50% dead cells in experimental groups after 24 h culture period.

Ethyl pyruvate, an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, slightly suppressed the growth of transplantable Ehrlich tumor in mice and signifi cantly potentiated the therapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide. Another inhibitor amidoxime produced a similar effect. However, both ethyl pyruvate and amidoxime signifi cantly reduced the effect of cycloplatam therapy. The observed changes can be stipulated by different effects of cyclophosphamide and cycloplatam on the subpopulations of lymphoid cells taking part in the formation of antitumor immunity and resistance to tumors.

We evaluated the preventive and therapeutic effects of aqueous suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato in the development of experimental Ehrlich tumors in mice. The aqueous suspensions (2%) were administered over a short term for 30 days before tumor inoculation and 12 days afterward, and suspensions at 6% were administered for 180 days before inoculation and for 12 days afterward. The volume, number, and characteristics of the tumor cells and AgNOR counts were determined to compare the different treatments. Aqueous 6% suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato given over the long term significantly reduced tumor growth but when given over the short term, they did not alter tumor growth.

One of the models used for studying cancer is the Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) due to its ability to grow in liquid suspension, allowing a standard number of cells to be inoculated, growth quantification and regression of tumor mass. Among the oncostatic substances, melatonin has shown effectiveness in limiting the tumor cell proliferation. However, studies have shown contradictory effects of melatonin on the EAT. This study has investigated the melatonin effect on tumor growth, time and survival percentage, ultrastructure and metastasis of EAT cells in mice submitted or not to pinealectomy.

Syntheses of some new heterocyclic compounds containing pyridone, thioxopyridine, halogenated-pyridine-carbonitriles, pyrazolopyridine, and pyridine derivatives were achieved. Besides, a modified synthetic method for the synthesis of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethyl-nicotinonitrile (3) through the reaction of acetylacetone and malononitrile as starting materials was implemented. The reaction of 2-chloronicotinonitrile 3 with substituted amines to 2-aminonicotinonitrile were also investigated. Fused or binary pyridines were tested for cytotoxicity against well-known established model Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro. Compound 13 exhibited a high antitumor activity compared with 5-fluorouracil.

We report evidence for a modulation of Ehrlich cell plasma membrane redox activity by cytoplasmic pH. When Ehrlich cells were submitted to treatments leading to a slight decrease of cytoplasmic pH, there was a significant inhibition of plasma membrane ferricyanide reductase activity. However, those treatments which produced a slight alkalinization of the cytoplasm enhanced the activity of the plasma membrane redox system. Since it has been shown previously that plasma membrane redox activity controls cytoplasmic pH, it seems that plasma membrane redox activity and cytoplasmic pH mutually modulate each other.

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Highlights� Oscillabolastic model used to capture oscillatory dynamics. � Relevance of oscillatory dynamics to biology systems described. � Hes1 gene expression accurately described using the oscillabolastic model. � Generalized model proposed to accommodate multivariate cases. This paper introduces a new dynamical model, called the oscillabolastic model, to analyze the dynamical behavior of biomedical data when one observes oscillatory behavior. The proposed oscillabolastic model is sufficiently flexible to represent various types of oscillatory behavior. The oscillabolastic model is applied to two sets of data. The first data set deals with the oscillabolastic modeling of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and the second one is the oscillabolastic modeling of the mean signal intensity of Hes1 gene expression in response to serum stimulation. A generalized oscillabolastic model is also suggested to accommodate cases in which predictor variables other than time are also involved.

The starting 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione (1) was used as key intermediate for the synthesis of several new thiophene and pyrazole derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against an Ehrlich ascites cells and in vivo cytotoxicity for compound 10d using EAC assay and 5-fluorouracil is used as reference drug. Compounds 7c, e and 10c, d showed significant activity in certain cancer cell and have been targeted for further studies, compound 10d is more effective and showed the highest activity. Structures of the newly prepared compounds were confirmed by both spectral, analytical data and molecular calculations.

Homogenates of Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells have been assayed for cytochrome c oxidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid deoxyribonuclease, α-L-fucosidase, inosine diphosphatase, NADH and NADPH cytochrome c reductase, phosphoglucomutase, RNA and UNA. The optimal conditions for each enzyme assay have been established. The subcellular fractions have been obtained by differential centrifugation and identified by their specific enzyme markers.

In a previous study, we showed that (1′S)-acetoxychavicol acetate ((S)-ACA) caused a rapid decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels less than 15 min after exposure. (S)-ACA-induced cell death was reversed by the addition of N-acetylcysteine. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory activities of 13 derivatives of (S)-ACA on tumor cell viability, intracellular GSH level and GR activity. Correlations were found among a decrease in cell viability, intracellular GSH levels and the activity of GR in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with the various ACA analogues. A test of the 13 derivatives revealed that the structural factors regulating activity were as follows: (1) the para or 1′-position of acetoxyl group (or other acyl group) was essential, (2) the presence of a C2′–C3′ double or triple bond was essential, and (3) the S configuration of the 1′-acetoxyl group was preferable.

Ehrlich ascites carcinoma is a spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma adapted to ascites form and carried in outbred mice by serial intraperitoneal (i/p) passages. The previous work from our laboratory showed that honey having higher phenolic content was potent in inhibiting colon cancer cell proliferation. In this work, we extended our research to screen the antitumor activity of two selected honey samples and eugenol (one of the phenolic constituents of honey) against murine Ehrlich ascites and solid carcinoma models. Honey containing higher phenolic content was found to significantly inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as compared to other samples. When honey containing higher phenolic content was given at 25% (volume/volume) intraperitoneally (i/p), the maximum tumor growth inhibition was found to be 39.98%. However, honey was found to be less potent in inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma. On the other hand, eugenol at a dose of 100 mg/kg i/p was able to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites by 28.88%. In case of solid carcinoma, eugenol (100 mg/kg; i/p) showed 24.35% tumor growth inhibition. This work will promote the development of honey and eugenol as promising candidates in cancer chemoprevention.

Karyotype determinations were made on a wild Ehrlich ascites tumour and on a subline which was made resistant to daunorubicine (DNR) by long-term treatment with this drug. During the development of resistance, karyotypic alteration occurred, with a change from near-tetraploidy to hyperdiploidy and the appearance of marker chromosomes which were not found in the original tumour. The resistance was gradually lost on cessation of DNR treatment. A tumour subline which, after having been resistant, had become sensitive again, presented a karyotype resembling that of the original tumour. Another tumour which had partially lost its resistance, was composed of a mixture of cells with karyotypes characteristic either of the sensitive or of the resistant tumour. It had been found previously that the rate of growth in the resistant tumour was lower than that observed in the sensitive one. The loss of resistance was explained by abundant growth of sensitive cells present in the resistant tumour. The possibility of checking loss of resistance clinically by examining the karyotype of the malignant cells is discussed.

The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo effect of the seashell protein Haishengsu (HSS) on Ehrlich ascites tumor. Mice were inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and randomly divided into three HSS groups and a control group. The survival times in the three HSS-treated groups was longer than in the control (P < 0.01) and the increased life span in the high-dose HSS group was greater than in the lower-dose groups (P < 0.05). In comparison with control group, the mice receiving pretreatment of HSS had longer survival times and greater life spans following inoculation of the ascites tumor (P < 0.05). HSS therefore prolongs survival times and increases the life spans of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. Pretreatment with HSS also diminishes the detrimental effect of Ehrlich ascites tumor on the prognosis of these animals.

In accordance with an earlier discovery, that human serum upon Ehrlich ascites tumour cells from probands of group O probably has a more inhibitory (lysing) action than serum from group AB probands, it has now also been found than plant cells (intact roots of wheat seedlings) under certain conditions are able to distinguish between serum with and serum without a content of the two isoagglutinins anti-A and anti-B.

Synthetic procedures are described that allow access to the new complexes cis-[Mo2O5(apc)2], cis-[WO2(apc)2], trans-[UO2(apc)2], [Ru(apc)2(H2O)2], [Ru(PPh3)2(apc)2], [Rh(apc)3], [Rh(PPh3)2(apc)2]ClO4, [M(apc)2], [M(PPh3)2(apc)]Cl, [M(bpy)(apc)]Cl (M(II) = Pd, Pt), [Pd(bpy)(apc)Cl], [Ag(apc)(H2O)2] and [Ir(bpy)(Hapc)2]Cl3, where Hapc, is 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. These complexes were characterized by physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Both Hapc and several of its complexes display significant anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (EAC) in albino mice.

An ELD (Ehrlich-Lettre-Diploid region) ascites tumor of the mouse, earlier established as monolayer culture, was adapted to growth as suspension culture. Its chromosomes were followed during the adaptation process through 2 months. During this time the stemline number changed very little, only from 70 to 69, and the variation of chromosome numbers became more collected around the stemline number.

Synthetic procedures are described that allow access to cis-[Mo2O5(cdhp)2]2−, cis-[W2O5(Hcdhp)2], trans-[OsO2(cdhp)2]2−, trans-[UO2(Hcdhp)2], [ReO(PPh3)(Hcdhp)2]X (X = Cl, I), [ReO2(cdhp)2]−, [M(PPh3)2(cdhp)], [M(bpy)(cdhp)] (M(II) = Pd, Pt), [Ru(YPh3)2(Hcdhp)2] (Y = P, As), [Rh(Hcdhp)2Cl(H2O)], [Rh(PPh3)2(Hcdhp)2]ClO4 and [Ir(bpy)(cdhp)Cl2], where Hcdhp, cdhp are the deprotonated monoanion of 5-chloro-3-hydroxypyrid-2-one and dianion of 5-chloro-2,3-dihydroxypyridine, respectively. These complexes were characterized by their Raman, IR, 1H NMR, electronic and mass spectra, conductivity, magnetic and thermal measurements. H2cdhp, cis-K2[Mo2O5(cdhp)2], [Pd(bpy)(cdhp)] display a significant antineoplastic activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EAC).

In the present investigation we have synthesized novel substituted dienone pyridine ethanone curcumin analogues 3a and 3b by nucleophilic substitution reactions with 2-bromo-1-pyridine-3-yl ethanone and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared IR, mass, and CHNS analysis. The compounds demonstrated tumor growth inhibition and antiangiogenic effects against mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo and suppressed neovascularization in a chorio allantoic membrane model.

In this paper, we compare three types of dynamical systems used to describe tumor growth. These systems are defined as solutions to three delay differential equations: the logistic, the Gompertz and the Greenspan types. We present analysis of these systems and compare with experimental data for Ehrlich Ascites tumor in mice.

The validity of (99m)Tc-YIGSR, a novel receptor radio-tracer, in imaging the Ehrlich ascites tumor was evaluated. YIGSR, a pentapeptide of laminin, was labeled with (99m)Tc by using a bifunctional chelator S-Acetly-NH(3)-MAG(3). The MIBI was labeled with (99m)Tc by following the kit instruction. The mice of tumor group were intravenously injected 1-2 mCi of (99m)Tc-YIGSR or (99m)Tc-MIBI via caudal vein, immobilized and imaged under a Gamma camera. The same procedure was performed in mice of blockade group, in which the unlabeled YIGSR was previously injected to block the receptor-recognition sites, and inflammation group serving as control. The reverse-phase Sep-Pak C(18) chromatogram was found to have an essentially complete conjugation between YIGSR and S-Acetly-NH(3)-MAG(3). The conjugated YIGSR could be radio-labeled successfully with (99m)Tc at room temperature and neutral pH, with a radio-labeling yield of 62%. Without the chelator S-Acetly-NH(3)-MAG(3), the YIGSR was labeled with (99m)Tc at an efficiency of 4%. The imagological study revealed obvious tumor accumulation of (99m)Tc-YIGSR 15 min after the injection, and the uptake peaked after 3 h with a tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M) of 11.36. The radio-tracer was slowly cleared up and resulted in a T/M of 3.01 at the 8th h after the injection. As for blocked group, the tumor uptake of radiotracer was significantly lower, with the highest T/M being 4.61 after 3 h and 0.89 after 8 h. The T/M was 3.72 at the 3rd h and 1.29 at the 8th h after the (99m)Tc-YIGSR injection in the inflammatory group. The T/M was significantly higher in tumor group than in inflammatory group or control group (P