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lbgBackground and Objective:l/bg Liver disease orchestrated by noxious chemicals are serious health problems the world over. Traditionally, there are claims that ethanol extracts of leaves and stem barks of ligOlax subscorpioideal/ig are used in the treatment of hepatic disorders. Thus, it investigated the impacts of ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark of ligOlax subscorpioideal/ig against carbon tetrachloride (CCllsubg4l/subg)-induced liver damage in rats. lbgMaterials and Methods:l/bg Liver toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg kglsupg1l/supg b.wt., of CCllsubg4l/subg in experimental rats. Rats were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg kglsupg1l/supg dose ethanol leaves and stem bark of ligOlax subscorpioideal/ig, respectively after induction of liver damage. lbgResults:l/bg Obtained results showed a significant rise in the serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and bilirubin as well as decreased Albumin (ALB), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced Glutathione (GSH) in CCllsubg4l/subg-challenged rats. Treatment with the extracts attenuated serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, MDA and bilirubin in addition to increased activities of SOD, CAT and the levels of ALB and GSH when compared to the CCllsubg4l/subg group. Histopathological studies demonstrated that the extracts ameliorated liver necrosis and inflammation due to CCllsubg4l/subg insult. lbgConclusion:l/bg These results concluded that ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark of ligOlax subscorpioidea l/igmay reduce hepatic oxidative injury caused by CCllsubg4l/subg by its antioxidant potentials.

Drug-induced hepatorenal damage is a significant worldwide clinical challenge. In Nigeria, Copaifera salikounda seed pod ethanol extract (CSSPEE) is used in the treatment of many ailments including liver disorders. This study investigated the protective efficacy of CSSPEE against paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatorenal toxicity.Male albino Wistar rats were assigned at random into five different groups (n = 6). The normal control (Group I) was given normal saline via oral administration while Group II was given 500 mg/kg body weight of PCMvia intra-peritoneal administration; Group III was administered 100 mgkg-1 of silymarin (reference drug) while Groups IV and V were administered 200 and 400 mg kg-1 of CSSPEE, respectively, per os for seven days prior to administration of PCM. CSSPEEpretreated groups protected PCM-induced hepatorenal damage as reflected by significant diminution (P < 0.05) in liver enzymes activities and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides (TG) and urea in comparison with group II. Also, CSSPEE pretreatment significantly increased (P < 0.05) the activities of catalase and GSH relative to group II while no significant elevation (P > 0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was observed in comparison to PCM group. CSSPEE also reversed liver and kidney PCMoverdose caused histopathological alterations and ameliorated the tissue histology thereby corroborating the results of biochemical findings. CSSPEE produced analogous effects comparable to those produced by silymarin (reference drug). The results indicated that oral administration of CSSPEE conferred a dose-dependent protection against paracetamol-induced oxidative damage to liver and kidney.

lt;bgt;Background and Objective:lt;/bgt; Liver disease orchestrated by noxious chemicals are serious health problems the world over. Traditionally, there are claims that ethanol extracts of leaves and stem barks oflt;igt;Olax subscorpioidealt;/igt; are used in the treatment of hepatic disorders. Thus, it investigated the impacts of ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark oflt;igt;Olax subscorpioidealt;/igt; against carbon tetrachloride (CCllt;subgt;4lt;/subgt;)-induced liver damage in rats.lt;bgt;Materials and Methods:lt;/bgt; Liver toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg kglt;supgt;1lt;/supgt; b.wt., of CCllt;subgt;4lt;/subgt; in experimental rats. Rats were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg kglt;supgt;1lt;/supgt; dose ethanol leaves and stem bark oflt;igt;Olax subscorpioidealt;/igt;, respectively after induction of liver damage.lt;bgt;Results:lt;/bgt; Obtained results showed a significant rise in the serum levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and bilirubin as well as decreased Albumin (ALB), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced Glutathione (GSH) in CCllt;subgt;4lt;/subgt;-challenged rats. Treatment with the extracts attenuated serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, MDA and bilirubin in addition to increased activities of SOD, CAT and the levels of ALB and GSH when compared to the CCllt;subgt;4lt;/subgt; group. Histopathological studies demonstrated that the extracts ameliorated liver necrosis and inflammation due to CCllt;subgt;4lt;/subgt; insult.lt;bgt;Conclusion:lt;/bgt; These results concluded that ethanol extract of leaves and stem bark oflt;igt;Olax subscorpioidealt;/igt;may reduce hepatic oxidative injury caused by CCllt;subgt;4lt;/subgt; by its antioxidant potentials.

Accumulating evidences have reinforced the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of various ailments as a result of negative side effects associated with conventional drugs. Plant components such as phenols and flavonoids with antioxidant potential have confirmed protective roles against oxidative stress-induced degenerative diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of seed pod ethanol extract from Copaifera salikounda (SPEECS) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. SPEECS was obtained by maceration of seed pod powder in absolute ethanol for 72 h, filtered, concentrated and dried in-vacuo . Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used to quantitatively elucidate the chemical constituents of SPEECS. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6): normal control, DM control, DM + 200 mg/kg SPEECS and DM + 400 mg/kg SPEECS groups. DM was induced in the Wistar albino rats through intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg body weight of alloxan. After 14 days of treatment, the body weight changes and the fasting blood glucose level were determined in the different groups. Also, serum biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were estimated. The GC-MS results confirm nine bioactive compounds with 9-octadecenoic acid (55.75% ) being most abundant . SPEECS (200 and 400 mg/kg) administration significantly ( P < 0.05 ) caused gain in weight, decreased fasting blood glucose and reversed the elevated liver function enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) while total TP and ALB were markedly elevated relative to DM control group. Furthermore, SPEECS attenuated the activities of SOD and CAT while the level of MDA was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) decreased in dose dependent manner in comparison to the DM control. This study indicated that SPEECS can alleviate hyperglyceamia of DM. Key words: Copaifera salikounda ; oxidative stress; medicinal plants; diabetes mellitus; phytochemicals; orthodox ANTIDIABETICNI UCINEK EKSTRAKTA ETANOLA Copaifera salikounda (HECKEL) NA SLADKORNO BOLEZEN, SPROŽENO Z ALLOXAN-om, PRI PODGANAH Izvlecek: Obstaja vedno vec dokazov, ki poudarjajo uporabnost zdravilnih rastlin pri zdravljenju razlicnih bolezni, tudi zaradi razlicnih negativnih stranskih ucinkov, povezanih s konvencionalnimi zdravili. Rastlinske sestavine kot so fenoli in flavonoidi z antioksidativnim potencialom, imajo po nekaterih raziskavah zascitno vlogo pred degenerativnimi boleznimi, ki jih povzroca oksidativni stres, kot je sladkorna bolezen diabetes mellitus (DM). Studija je bila izvedena z namenom raziskovanja ucinka etanolnega semenskega ekstrakta iz rastline Copaifera salikounda (SPEECS) pri podganah s sladkorno boleznijo, ki jo je povzrocil alloxan. SPEECS je bil pridobljen z maceracijo praska semen v prahu v absolutnem etanolu 72 ur ter nadaljnjo filtracijo, koncentracijo in susenjem v vakuumu. Za kvantitativno ugotavljanje kemijskih sestavin SPEECS je bila uporabljena tehnika plinske kromatografije in masne spektrometrije (GC-MS). Stiriindvajset samcev podgan Wistar je bilo nakljucno razporejenih v stiri skupine (n=6): normalna kontrola, kontrola DM, DM + 200 mg/kg SPEECS in DM + 400 mg/kg SPEECS. DM je bil pri podganah sprožen z intraperitonealno injekcijo 200 mg/kg telesne mase alloxana. Po 14 dneh zdravljenja so bile pri razlicnih skupinah dolocene spremembe telesne teže in nivo glukoze v krvi (na tesce). Poleg tega so avtorji raziskave izmerili se nekatere serumske biokemicne parametre kot so ravni alaninske aminotransferaze (ALT), aspartatne aminotransferaze (AST), alkalne fosfataze (ALP), albumina (ALB), skupnih proteinov (TP), malondialdehida (MDA), superoksiddismutaze (SOD) in katalaze (CAT). Rezultati GC-MS so v izvlecku SPEECS pokazali devet bioaktivnih spojin, v katerih je najvec 9-oktadecenojske kisline (55,75%). SPEECS (200 in 400 mg/kg) je povzrocil znatno (P