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ICEDIG deliverable D2.3 reports on the outcomes of a number of workshops and the Task Group Collection Digitisation Dashboards (TG CDD) discussions and proposes preliminary schemes to describe natural history collections so that they can be summarized, visualized and consulted in a Collection Digitisation Dashboard. The report includes descriptions schemes based on taxonomy, stratigraphy, storage type, geographic regions and levels of digitisation. The schemes are piloted in two different dashboards, one for DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections - dissco.eu) and one for the Dutch collection holding institutes.

Duplicaten van 24-uurs voedingen van 110 personen, bemonsterd in oktober 1984/maart 1985 werden geanalyseerd op gehalte aan nitraat, nitriet en vluchtige N-nitrosaminen. De gemeten gemiddelde nitraatopneming bedroeg 52 mg NO-3/etmaal, bereik 2-500 mg/etmaal. Nitriet was aantoonbaar, d.w.z. >0,1 mg NO2/duplicaatvoeding, in 16 van de 110 monsters ; de hoeveelheid in deze 16 liep uiteen van 0,1-0,7 mg NO2. Bij drie van de 110 deelnemers lag de nitraat opneming boven de ADI van 220 mg NO3/etmaal. Voor nitriet was de hoogste waarde minder dan 10% van de ADI van 8 mg NO2/etmaal. Slechts twee van de 110 monsters bevatten een aantoonbare hoeveelheid vluchtige N-nitrosaminen, nl. 2,9 mug NPIP en 1,5 mug NDMA resp. De dagelijkse opneming van nitraat, nitriet en vluchtige N-nitrosaminen is aanzienlijk lager dan gemeten in een soortgelijk onderzoek in 1976/1978.

Een explorerend onderzoek werd uitgevoerd naar de waarde van de uitscheiding van nitrosoproline (NPRO) voor de epidemiologie en preventie van kanker, i.h.b. maagcarcinoom. De uitscheiding van deze stof bleek geen persoonsgebonden kenmerk te hebben en niet onder invloed te staan van het roken. Vrouwen die later aan maagcarcinoom zouden komen te overlijden, hadden meestal een normale uitscheiding van NPRO.

The implementation of the principles and methods towards a Sustainable Construction varies across different countries in Europe. In some countries, the sustainability of the construction sector has been effectively taken into consideration over the last years, while in other its implementation is at an initial stage. Many reasons may be pointed out for this situation. Different countries have different understandings of what is entailed in Sustainable Construction. Different cultural and educational backgrounds, along with different priorities in each country, are also contributing for the lack of a common European approach. General frameworks, aiming to cover every aspect of Sustainable Construction and to provide a consistent and integrated approach, such as Agenda 21 for Sustainable Construction, gave a major advance in the search for a common approach for the construction sector. However, general agreed methodologies and tools to make this common approach operational are still missing., European Science Foundation - COST Action C25

Duplicate portions of 24-hour diets of 110 adults have been analyzed for aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, zinc, nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitrosamines. The mean daily intake of copper (1.2 mg) is only about 50% of recommended values; mean daily intakes for manganese (3.3 mg) and zinc (8.4 mg) are adequate and marginal respectively with respect to recommended amounts. For the non-essential elements Al, Cd, Hg and Pb, mean daily intakes of 3.1 mg, 0.01 mg, 0.002 mg and 0.034 mg were found, respectively. For Cd this amounts to 17% of the acceptable daily amount, for Al, Hg and Pb 5%, 5% and 8%, respectively. Since 1976-1978 the dietary intake of lead has been reduced by a factor three; for the other six elements daily dietary intakes are almost the same as in 1976-1978. Average nitrate intake was 52 mg NO3-/day, about 25% of the ADI. Only 16 diets contained a measurable amount of nitrite. The highest daily intake (0.7 mg NO2-) is less than 10% of the ADI. Volatile N-nitrosamines were detectable in two duplicate diets (NDMA and NPIP). It is estimated that the daily dietary intake of volatile N-nitrosamines is around 0.1 microgram or less.

The pathophysiology of the occurrence and resolution of sickle cell crisis is unknown. The molecular abnormality is constant, while crisis is episodic. In the present study, red cell filterability and sickling with deoxygenation have been measured during sickle cell crises. Recovery from sickle crisis is associated with an increased filterability of the circulating red cell and a decreased susceptibility of the red cell to sickle with deoxygenation (p less than 0.05). The possibility that these changes are responsible for the resolution of crisis is suggested.

When assayed by the ability to reduce oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of either the Negro or Caucasian mutant variety could be demonstrated in hemolysates only with hemoglobin concentrations below 2.0 Gm. per 100 ml. In intact erythrocytes, the inability to regenerate reduced glutathione was apparent regardless of the concentration of red cells. The process of hemolysis, therefore, appeared to permit the demonstration of higher levels of activity in G-6-PD deficient human erythrocytes than was possible in intact cells. A markedly deficient capacity to regenerate endogenous reduced glutathione or to reduce exogenous oxidized glutathione, however, could be demonstrated with the hemolysate of erythrocytes from a patient with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia associated with a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These studies have emphasized the hazards involved in extrapolating the results of studies performed with hemolysates to metabolic processes within intact erythrocytes.

A case is reported of a patient with intussusception complicating tropical sprue demonstrable over a period of months. There was clinical and laboratory evidence of malabsorption. The chronicity of tropical sprue and its delayed laboratory and histologic response to therapy was demonstrated. Such a case has not been previously reported.

The ability of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), generated through the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, to support the reduction of endogenous oxidized glutathione in intact human erythrocytes and in hemolysates was investigated. Rapid initial oxidation of endogenous reduced glutathione was effected with methyl phenylazoformate. Freshly obtained normal erythrocytes and erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were unable to regenerate reduced glutathione upon incubation with lactate. Only normal erythrocytes were capable of reducing oxidized glutathione after preincubation with glucose, inosine, or a medium which promoted the synthesis of increased amounts of intracellular NAD. This regeneration of reduced glutathione could be explained by the generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate through the metabolism of accumulated phosphorylated intermediates of glycolysis. Hemolysates prepared from both normal erythrocytes and from erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were able to reduce oxidized glutathione in the presence of added lactate and NAD. The results obtained indicated either an inability of the intact erythrocyte to utilize the NAD at the concentrations attained or an altered behavior of the system for the regeneration of reduced glutathione after lysis of the cell.

• Forty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 70% of whom were intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), were seen over a 20-month period (July 1,1981, through Feb 28, 1983). Most of the patients came from two inner-city sections of New York City and from nearby correctional facilities. Eighty-five percent of the patients were black or Hispanic; only 15% were white. Unique features of AIDS in this mostly heterosexual population were the high incidence of opportunistic infections (90% of the patients), the low incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (10%), and the high mortality rate (34% died during initial hospitalization, 74% after one year of follow-up). Tuberculosis occurred in 10% of cases, preceding other opportunistic infections by four to 24 months. We found that AIDS was a common disease among inpatient IVDAs, and in one of the participating hospitals, its incidence was similar to that of infective endocarditis. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should be considered