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The development of machine vision systems is based on the analysis of visual information recorded by sensitive matrices. This information is most often distorted by the presence of interfering factors represented by a noise component. The common causes of the noise include imperfect sensors, dust and aerosols, used ADCs, electromagnetic interference, and others. The presence of these noise components reduces the quality of the subsequent analysis. To implement systems that allow operating in the presence of a noise, a new approach, which allows parallel processing of data obtained in various electromagnetic ranges, has been proposed. The primary area of application of the approach are machine vision systems used in complex robotic cells. The use of additional data obtained by a group of sensors allows the formation of arrays of usefull information that provide successfull optimization of operations. The set of test data shows the applicability of the proposed approach to combined images in machine vision systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-robot collaboration is a key concept in modern intelligent manufacturing. Traditional human-robot interfaces are quite difficult to control and require additional operator training. The development of an intuitive and native user interface is important for the unobstructed interaction of human and robot in production. The control system of collaborative robotics described in the work is focused on increasing productivity, ensuring safety and ergonomics, minimize the cognitive workload of the operator in the process of human-robot interaction using contactless recognition of human actions. The system uses elements of technical vision to get of input data from the user in the form of gesture commands. As a set of commands for control collaborative robotic complexes and training the method proposed in the work, we use the actions from the UTD-MHAD database. The gesture recognition method is based on deep learning technology. An artificial neural network extracts the skeleton joints of the human and describes their position relative to each other and the center of gravity of the whole skeleton. The received descriptors feed to the input of the classifier, where the assignment to a specific class occur. This approach allows reducing the error from the redundancy of the data feed at the input of the neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoothing two-dimensional digital signals is important for a number of applications. The paper presents a mathematical method and an algorithm for smoothing two-dimensional digital signals. The method is based on minimizing the objective function using criteria of the first-order finite difference between the rows and columns of the image as a measure of distance. To estimate the parameters of the developed method, a non-iterative algorithm is used. The present study shows results of changing the smoothing filter core depending on variations in the method parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method for reconstructing a depth map obtained using a stereo pair image. The proposed approach is based on a geometric model for the synthesis of patches. The entire image is preliminarily divided into blocks of different size, where large blocks are used to restore homogeneous areas, and small blocks are used to restore details of the image structure. Lost pixels are recovered by copying the pixel values from the source based on the similarity criterion. We used a trained neural network to select the "best like" patch. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives better results than other modern methods, both in subjective and objective measurements for reconstructing a depth map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideology and scheme of physical axiomatics are proposed, the initial postulates and axioms are formulated. The essential principles of axiomatics are based on scientific statements and concepts that reflect the fundamental properties of the physical world. One of the obtained outcomes is the statement: "In the physical world, all homogeneous quantities are commensurable, and every real physical property is limited by a certain , The analysis of the problem of incommensurability of radius and circumference leads to the conclusion about the existence of a fundamental property of the physical world, different from space and time. This property is manifested in the forms of electric charges, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves and fields. Given the nature of its manifestation, this property is called the "electromagnetic property". The developed axiomatic system and the obtained consequences are the basis of the working model of the physical vacuum. On the basis of this model there have been derived the equations connecting parameters of basic interactions. The components of the internal energy of the physical vacuum are determined. One of these components determines the phenomenon of the Universe expansion. characteristic for this property, minimum nonzero value". Homogeneous quantities are quantities of one and the same nature, relating to the manifestation of one and the same physical property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monte-Carlo methods to asses a statistical validity of the relationship between coefficients of time series regression model were proposed. In economics such a relationship is present in the case when constant return to scale in production functions is assumed. The techniques being discussed here are virtually free from assumptions about underlying probability distributions and may be used in the case, when target variable or regressors are time series with random walk. This is achieved by comparing the regression model built on truly multivariate time series with those built on simulated time series with random walk. It has been shown that for the production functions of most Russian regions, the returns to scale significantly differs from a constant value at p<0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a theoretical analysis and computer simulations of the distribution and changes of the linguistic information in two model language communities: Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Chinese. Simulations show that out of two main hypotheses of the formation of the Proto-Indo-European languages, the Anatolian hypotheses and the Kurgan hypotheses, the latter is better consistent with the time estimates obtained in this study. The results obtained for Proto-Indo-European communities may also be used in the analysis of Asian language communities. In particular, the similarity of Chinese and Proto-Indo-European languages in terms of the relationship between the verb and the noun opens the possibility of applying our method to the analysis of the Proto-Sino-Tibetan language family. A possibility of creating a single national language Pŭtōnghuà (普通话) in the modern China was investigated. The results of the present study also suggest that the developed models look like a quite promising new instrument for studying linguistic information transfer in complex social and linguistic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the concept of the methodology of intellectual labor automation, a formal description of the conceptual model (CM) at the object level, and also a description of the analytical processing of CM. The conceptual model is the basis for the design of the system. The conceptual model of an applied task reflects the semantics (the system of knowledge) of the subject field in the form of static and dynamic structures and their linkage. The elements of the static structure are subject categories defined by classes: cycle, process, task, component, object, feature, value. The dynamic structure reflects the system of subject dependences which describes the process of performing a subject task. The main stage of conceptual model analytical processing is the restructuring of the dynamic component. The method and technique of descriptions restructuring of subject dependences system at the level of features are developed. The method allows to provide reduction of time and spatial expenses on performance of process of the decision of the applied task in the computing environment at early stages of information-active systems design [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the entropy approach to the analysis of corporate financial system on the basis of the financial coefficients and market share price rates. The uncertainty of the corporate financial attractiveness is assessed using the entropy indicator of a random vector. Financial indicators such as Liquidity Financial Ratios, Operating Financial Ratios, Leverage Financial Ratios, Profitability Financial Ratios and Market Ratios serve here as vector components. Discrete entropy models of random vectors as well as differential entropy models for continuous probability distributions were used. It is shown that special probability distributions, approximately coinciding with the basic statistical ones for the first two moments, set the boundary of the maximum differential entropy. The entropy indicators were calculated based on the probability and entropy measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graph model for electronic money turnover developed in this paper considers the system of electronic money turnover as a technological complex network. This network includes systems of electronic money payments, communications between bank and its clients, and interbank communications. The application of the graph models is based on its essential advantages such as an opportunity to expand this system to arbitrary size and visualization of the system links. While graph plotting provides us with the opportunity of carrying out qualitative (visual) system analysis, e computations of the graph metric allows performing a more quantitative analysis. The composite metric, created on the base of graph centrality measures and giving us possibilities of estimating and ranking potential risks, is considered as a foundation for methods of stability, quality and economic security control for systems of the electronic money turnover. A validity of this classification has been investigated and supported by the so-called crash tests, which simulate the random consecutive deleting of graph nodes represented in the real life by communication network nodes, for example, banks or other members of electronic money turnover system, and also by the analysis of the overall performance of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of information-active systems provides the formation of the model representation of automated tasks, which is invariant to the environment and means of software and hardware implementation. The syntactic (info-logical) model representation of applied problems will be adequate to initial requirements only if they provide meaningful unity. It is determined by the initial formation of a knowledge model or conceptual representation of applied tasks. The conjugation of semantic and syntactic static constructions is based on the regularity of mapping in the framework of the methodology of intellectual labor automation. The formal description of connections (mapping) of semantic (conceptual) and syntactic (info-logical) representations on the basis of the regularity of mapping allows limiting the set of possible relations and connections in verbal syntactical constructions for representation of subject tasks and providing completeness of the formalized (syntactic) representations at the expense of their semantic addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education reforms can give Russian higher technical schools significant advantages, but at the same time they hide serious dangers. As a result of these reforms, the modern higher technical school in Russia is facing many problems. Firstly, the quality problem: technical education in Russia has always been at a fairly high level, due to its integrity and fundamental nature, so the feasibility of reforms often raises questions. Secondly, the organizational problem: the natural process for higher education in the modernization of education and the consolidation of knowledge in itself is quite complicated. The combination of the modernization process and reform is causing considerable resistance and questions, since it seems insufficiently thought out. Thirdly, the problem of training a creative engineer for the society of the future does not find a solution, because the process of training a specialist is becoming more and more mechanistic. Previously, engineering students within five and a half years had the opportunity to join the scientific community, thanks to the presence of individual work and direct communication with scientists of different generations. Modern communication between professor and student is largely carried out through the electronic environment, so they are more fragmented and mosaic. The lack of real practice in enterprises leads to the fact that students do not receive a live request from production for their creativity. In such conditions, the training of creative technicians is very difficult. It is advisable to reform higher technical education in the light of these problems, so that in the final, Russian education will benefit from them, while maintaining its identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the development of structural model of the influence the human factor based on research of engineering-psychological features in management decision making processes in the complex integrated automated control systems. In the real hierarchic control systems the main problem is to find the ways of structures activity by vertical and horizontal directions. The algorithm of forming the functional system activity realizes the processes in structure of human nervous system. The algorithm is created by union motivation, goal, personal meanings and the image of the result. The algorithm realizes special mental functions. Integral development of human activity abilities is giftedness contained in the union, that could be detected by functional system features realized through the human mental functions. Management making decision process program contains not only the conditions of choice of the intellectual operations but the time modes. The program envelopes the structural blocks of all activity system. The processes of program creation and management making decision provided by each of abilities in view of the function ability system's union direction simultaneously become subordinated according to its motivation activity. Information security aspects are considered in the article, particularly, the application of the complex approach to solving the protection of the functional system activity problem is proposed. For the diagnostics of the professional expert abilities the development of the methodology is needed. The methodology helps to investigate the field activity problem from the position of interdisciplinary approach to the complex technical objects based on integrated automated control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to the development of a conceptual model for diagnosing priority areas of science and technology of the Russian Federation. The basic principles of the formation of the model and an enlarged list of controlled indicators allow to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the status and development of priority areas of science and technology.. The description of instrumental forecasting methods and a generalized algorithm for identifying the key factors/parameters, which impede the development of the object of analysis and cause critical bottlenecks, has been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical modeling of technical and technological systems and processes occurring in these systems can be interpreted as multi-step processes of solving managerial problems, where the application of classical methods for obtaining numerical results is possible. In particular, it is practical to apply the theory of dynamic programming based on the use of functional equations and the optimality principle to solve the problem of resource allocation. In the formulation and solution of the dynamic programming problem, the process is divided into stages in time, and at each stage decisions at which the goal is achieved are made. In our case, homogeneous stages are considered, and the use of the optimality principle leads to the fact that a decision made at each stage is the best regarding the entire process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on turning of structural steels C45. Cutting tools were represented by carbide cutting inserts without coatings, with reference coating TiAlN, as well as with multilayered composite nano-structured coatings Ti-TiN-(TiCrAl)N and Zr-ZrN-(ZrCrNbAl)N (of different thickness of 3-7 μm). The following studies of the properties of coated tools were carried out: measurement of microhardness and strength of adhesion bonds in the "tool-coating" system and investigation of elemental and phase compositions of coatings. The cutting tests were carried out at the following cutting modes: f = 0.2 mm/rev; аp = 1.0 mm; vc = 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 m/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an active vibration control platform is developed for milling processes. In this system, the workpiece is driven by a specially designed active platform to control the relative vibration between the tool and workpiece during milling processes. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the control platform. Results indicate that maximum stress of the hinge mechanism of the platform is far less than the yield limit of the material, and the designed platform can meet the use requirements in terms of the maximum displacement and natural frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing application of curved thin-walled parts, the evaluation and control of curved surface residual stress in milling are becoming increasingly demanding. However, effects of milling parameters on distribution of residual stress remains a major challenge in the present aerospace research areas. In this paper, , impacts of milling parameters on curved surface residual stress have been investigated in a series of residual stress experiments and simulations. It is found that the residual stress can be lowered by increasing milling speed and tool radius within a reasonable range. The superposition of curved surface residual stress under two machining conditions have been analyzed using the milling simulation model. It has been found that the curved surface residual stress induced by the subsequent cutting will be superimposed on the curved surface residual stress induced by the previous cutting and that the superposition rates of residual stress induced by up milling are larger than down milling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a novel geometrical stability analysis of centerless grinding that takes into account the nonlinearity associated to wheel-workpiece detachment during lobes formation. Even though the rounding mechanism in centerless grinding has been studied since more than fifty years, stability analysis has been carried out applying stability criteria for linear systems (e.g., Nyquist) on a process model that neglects actual removal "clipping" due to wheel-workpiece detachment. This model limitation is usually overcome by considering only an integer number of lobes, supporting the restriction by the claim that a non-integral number of waves is less likely to build up since the waviness must be constantly removed and replaced by a succeeding wave, which is constantly moving around the workpiece. In this work, the nonlinearity entailed by removal clipping is explicitly taken into account and, by harmonic linearization, represented by a double input describing function (DIDF). Applying the Nyquist criterion on the resulting equivalent delayed system, the paramount instability associated to a quasi-integer number of lobes emerges naturally, without requiring additional assumptions. Moreover, it is shown that the nonlinearity due to wheel-workpiece detachment does not produce a limit cycle in a reasonable operation time. The results delivered by the proposed approach are verified by numeric simulations and positively compared to the relevant literature. The proposed formulation can be easily extended to consider also machine structure dynamics, thus increasing, even in this case, the accuracy of the stability analysis provided by the standard approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing productivity by higher cutting speed and achieving high precision of machined products at the same time is an important trend in the development of manufacturing technologies and metalworking machine tools. If the traditional method of exchangeable components in assemblies will lead to inefficient precise processes, the product costs will increase. The proposed energy-informational model considers a procedural system establishing the ratio of the cutting speed and the speed of physical processes in the machine tools. The energetic limit for the attainability of associated processes describes the allowable speed of materials processing by the machine tools. Stiffness of machine tool structures for highest precision manufacturing becomes comparable to work piece geometrical accuracy and manufacturing process tolerances. This paper gives several examples for admissible limits of increased productivity by increased process speeds in various manufacturing technologies for both traditional cutting and innovative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the selective laser melting (SLM) simulation analysis of components is carried out. The residual stress distribution of the formed part was predicted, and the influence of process parameters such as exposure time, laser power and laser scanning speed on the residual stress of the SLM formed part was analyzed. It was found that the residual stress concentration of the formed part was in the middle of the upper surface or the bottom surface. In addition, the laser power and the laser scanning speed have a great influence on the residual stress of the formed part. The results of this study lay a theoretical and experimental basis for the optimization of residual stress and quality control of SLM components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the principles of the designing metal working machine tools mechatronic systems of surface generation which are optimal from the point of view of reproducing given part profiles. It is shown that the degree of their optimality is determined by the proximity of their characteristics to the frequency characteristics of an ideal low-pass filter. Mathematical methods for building compact mathematical models of the drive hardware, adequately describing the inertial and elastic characteristics of the elements of its structure, is described. These models are convenient for simulating control loops of the machine tools feed drives. A method for the parametric synthesis of a two-mass mathematical model of a subordinate control system for a feed drive with an elastic-dissipative coupling between equivalent lumped masses which simulate a moving unit and rotating elements of the drive mechanism is proposed. The synthesis problem is reduced to solving a system of nonlinear equations. Examples to demonstrate the proposed methods and models capabilities are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutting ceramics is a high-performance tool material for high-speed machining of hard steels and alloys. Ceramic materials have high hardness and heat resistance in a wide range of temperatures, as well as chemical passivity in relation to most of the workpieces. However, the wider application of ceramic cutting tools is limited due to the low reliability - unpredictable fragile fracture of the cutting edge in different periods of operation. The study discusses mathematical simulations of force parameters in the milling of hardened steels using ceramic cutting tools. The simulation results were used to develop a system for the metalworking technological system state diagnostics. Mathematical software for calculations of the set of force parameters through computer simulations with taking into account the tool wear has been developed. The developed system allows calculating and graphically displaying a set of force parameters appearing during face milling of hardened steels in the real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phase transformation in the grinding process could have a significant impact on the processing performance of the products. Although grinding process can lead to high heating and strain rates, the current studies on the phase transformation typically consider temperature only that limits their accuracy. In this study, based on the phase transformation model, by conducting the micro-grinding experiment of maraging steel C250, the mechanism controlling impacts of heating and strain rates on phase transformation has been analyzed, and a new process optimization scheme to control phase transformation has been proposed. In this research was determinate main characteristic parameters of the phase transformation prediction model and influence of the heating rate parameters on the structure of the material. The main conclusions of this work are aimed increasing productivity, as well as criteria for optimizing the micro grinding process are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most accurate methods for machining conductive materials and has a number of important applications. In the EDM process the occurrence of electric charges between cathode and anode is accompanied by vibroacoustic signals, which can be used to develop highly efficient control and diagnostics systems. Experimental studies and modelling of the dynamic system of the EDM process carried out in this study show that parameters of acoustic signals can be used to estimate the current productivity and risks of the tool-electrode breakage and to optimize the tool feed rate. The obtained results of allows using acoustic signals in the control system of the tool electrode feed rate to prevent its breakage, and also setting the interelectrode gap to maximum productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term Big Data (or BigData) is widely used in scientific, educational, and business literature; however, there does not exist a single definition that can be unreservedly called "canonical". A careless use of Big Data term to promote commercial software further emphasizes the importance of this issue. In this paper, we have performed a review of definitions of Big Data and highlighted the principal features that are attributed to Big Data. We compared all these principal features with features of databases compiled using Edgar F. Codd's publications, and showed that they are not unique and can also be attributed to the databases. Having studied C. Lynch original work, we proposed the definition of Big Data based on the so-called conservation institution. The key point of this definition is a shift from purely technical attitude towards public institutions. Since the current use of the Big Data term may lead to a loss of meaning. There is a need not only to spread out best practices but also to eliminate or minimize the use of dubious or misleading ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most accurate methods for machining conductive materials and has a number of important applications. In the EDM process the occurrence of electric charges between cathode and anode is accompanied by vibroacoustic signals, which can be used to develop highly efficient control and diagnostics systems. Experimental studies and modelling of the dynamic system of the EDM process carried out in this study show that parameters of acoustic signals can be used to estimate the current productivity and risks of the tool-electrode breakage and to optimize the tool feed rate. The obtained results of allows using acoustic signals in the control system of the tool electrode feed rate to prevent its breakage, and also setting the interelectrode gap to maximum productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of remotely sensed satellite images depends on the reflected electromagnetic radiation from the earth's surface features. Lack of consistent and similar amounts of energy reflected by different features from the earth's surface results in a poor contrast satellite image. Image enhancement is the image processing of improving the quality that the results are more suitable for display or further image analysis. In this paper, we present a detailed model for color image enhancement using the quaternion framework. We introduce a novel quaternionic frequency enhancement algorithm that can combine the color channels and the local and global image processing. The basic idea is to apply the α-rooting image enhancement approach for different image blocks. For this purpose, we split image in moving windows on disjoint blocks. The parameter alfa for every block and the weights for every local and global enhanced image driven through optimization of measure of enhancement (EMEC). Some presented experimental results illustrate the performance of the proposed approach on color satellite images in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fractal analysis methods for automatic textures earth surface image evaluation and ecological setting assessment has been proposed. Image processing techniques have been chosen for the following fractal analysis. The use of the Minkowski dimension to construct sheet dimension and histogram of fractal dimension has been suggested. Performance tests for the proposed methods and algorithms have been performed and analysed presented. Application of the fractal analysis methods is efficient in solving problems of monitoring objects clustering, assessing their conditions, identifying anomalies that have implications for the ecological setting, and evaluating the development of anomalous situations. The fractal analysis algorithms permit efficient processing of array information in the case, when they are implemented on modern computational hardware platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the relevance of developing methods and systems for detection photo-video violations of the Rules of the road. The proposed method includes several steps: 1) detecting of the three classes of objects on a video sequence (pedestrian crossing, a motor vehicle and a human on the pedestrian crossing; 2) tracking the trajectories of the vehicle and the human on the pedestrian crossing; 3) comparing the paths of the pedestrian and the vehicle and determining whether there has been a violation of the Rules of the road for a certain period of time. For real-time object detection, we used neural network YOLO V3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a method for recovering lost sections of the map of the underlying surface. We consider spatial autocorrelation as image pre-processing for its subsequent analysis when restoring a part of the map in the direction of the radar carrier course. An algorithm for recovering images of lost areas has been proposed and a software implementing the algorithm has been developed. The efficiency of the developed algorithm has been evaluated on a test set of images using a statistical criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the review of works on modeling the interaction of photosynthetic proteins using the multiparticle Brownian dynamics method developed at the Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The method describes the displacement of individual macromolecules – mobile electron carriers, and their electrostatic interactions between each other and with pigment-protein complexes embedded in photosynthetic membrane. Three-dimensional models of the protein molecules were constructed on the basis of the data from the Protein Data Bank. We applied the Brownian methods coupled to molecular dynamic simulations to reveal the role of electrostatic interactions and conformational motions in the transfer of an electron from the cytochrome complex Cyt b6f) membrane we developed the model which combines events of proteins Pc diffusion along the thylakoid membrane, electrostatic interactions of Pc with the membrane charges, formation of Pc super-complexes with multienzyme complexes of Photosystem I and to the molecule of the mobile carrier plastocyanin (Pc) in plants, green algae and cyanic bacteria. Taking into account the interior of photosynthetic membrane we developed the model which combines events of proteins Pc diffusion along the thylakoid membrane, electrostatic interactions of Pc with the membrane charges, formation of Pc super-complexes with multienzyme complexes of Photosystem I and Cyt b6f, embedded in photosynthetic membrane, electron transfer and complex dissociation. Multiparticle Brownian simulation method can be used to consider the processes of protein interactions in subcellular systems in order to clarify the role of individual stages and the biophysical mechanisms of these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor vehicle collisions are a common cause of deaths or/and injuries. The key to lowering the death rate and damages to the health of collision accident victims is a timely arrival of Emergency Services to the accident scene. In the paper, we present and discuss the first results of the design and implementation of the vehicles collision detection system, which is based on a motion detector (MD) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To test MD and ANN separately, a small set of video records from traffic cameras that was not a part of a training dataset, were used. We found that while MD demonstrates reasonable performance, Haar Cascades-based pre-trained ANN requires significant improvements. Possible solutions to the aforementioned problem were proposed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports results of a comparison of the measured electron density in the ionospheric D-region measured using the partial reflection facility at the observatory. Tumanny of the Polar Geophysical Institute (69.0°N, 35.7°E) with numerical simulations performed using the theoretical model of the Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI) (Murmansk, Russian Federation). The model was examined using experimental data obtained under quiet geomagnetic conditions in March, 2017. The comparative analysis carried out in this study shows a very good agreement of the PGI model with experimental data and indicates that the IRI-2016 model fails to adequately reproduce measurements in regions with high electron density gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the principle of Equivalence of Gravitating Masses (EGM) and tectonostratigraphic model of the Earth outer shell structure (the Earth crust and upper mantle), the average depth of the lunar mass gravitational influence on the Earth was calculated as ~1600 km. The developed model is based on the mechanism of rocks tectonic layering of the Earth crust-mantle shell as an oscillatory system with dynamic conditions of a standing wave, regularly excited by the lunar tide and immediately passing into the damping mode. After comparing the average depth of solid lunar tide impact of ~1600 km with the height of the solid lunar tide "hump" on the Earth surface of 0.5 m, a "tensile strain" was calculated with an amplitude only one order of magnitude larger than the amplitude of the gravitational wave recorded by the Advanced LIGO interferometer: A≈10-18 m (the merger result of a black holes pair ca 1.3 Ga ago). The results of the present study suggest that the crust-mantle shell of the Earth may be used as a gravitational-wave interferometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A structure and implementation principles of a photonic computer are proposed. Its operation is based on the effects of interaction between coherent light wave systems generated by a laser source. The performance of photonic computers, their power consumption, and physical dimensions are estimated. These estimates indicate a great potential advantage of photonic computers over electronic ones. In particular, analysis carried out in this study and the obtained estimates demonstrate that a photonic computer working on the light with a wavelength of 1530 can operate 104 – 105 times faster than up-to-date electronic computers with the same power consumption. Light waves of different wavelengths do not interact with each other. With a proper OLG implementation, several computations represented by light waves of different wavelengths can be run on a single photonic computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general structure and the functional universal mechanism of the active centers of the fermentative metal-containing bio-nanocomplexes are discussed on the basis of the quantum-chemical approach using the conception "protein — machine". The process, proceeding taking place in the active centers structure is the result of their interaction with the substrates. The active centers quantum-chemical models represent the electron distribution among the complex molecular orbitals (MO). The interaction of the central ions with the ligands is carried out by the donor-acceptor mechanism: the ions provide the connection of the vacant orbitals and connection of the vacant orbitals and the ligands — the unshared electron pair. One of the coordination bonds is functional, using for the interaction with substrates. From the quantum-chemical point of view the functional mechanism of the bio-nanocomplexes is universal. In the final, it is reduced to the functional electron accepting and the leaving in the molecular antibonding orbitals of the complex, inducing the active center transitions from one state to another. The electron-conformational transitions, the active centers changes at its functioning, the role of its protein surrounding may be explained on a basis of the conception "protein — machine". The specific properties of the investigated bio-nanosystems are involved in the using of the internal valuable information, that is the process is a wave and occurs self-correlatively, and may be described by Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov mathematical model. It is fair to say that the discussing bio-nanosystems are the natural intellectual tools, which may be used in the nanobiotechnologies and the spheres of its application are wide. It is necessary to conclude that the metal-containing bio-nanocomplexes are the self-organizing, self-congruent, nonlinear, open systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of the moonless Earth, introduced by J. Laskar, has the form of a non-autonomous Hamiltonian system of differential equations for two variables: the cosine of the angle of inclination and the longitude of the axis of rotation of the Earth. The system describes the rotational dynamics of the Earth under the influence of the sun and planets. Earth perturbations from other planets of the solar system are considered periodic and are taken into account using the first four terms of the Fourier expansion of the corresponding part of the Hamilton function with known amplitudes and frequencies. The initial inclination of the Earth is considered as a parameter of the problem. The system was numerically integrated over a time period of 18 million years for various values of the initial inclination from 0 to 180 degrees. Three chaotic gaps of the initial inclination were found. During the bifurcation study, singular points were found and special segments of the non-autonomous system were obtained. A bifurcation diagram of the system is constructed by the initial inclination parameter. Poincare cartographic maps are constructed. The system is written in variations on the initial conditions for the Laskar system, and with its help the dependences of the problem parameter of the senior Lyapunov exponent and the averaged MEGNO indicator are calculated. The results confirm the presence of three chaotic and one regular region of variation of the bifurcation parameter of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DNA open states, which are locally unwound regions of the double helix within which hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrous bases are broken, are often modeled as quasiparticles – DNA kinks. Most of the works on the DNA kinks are devoted to the studies of their dynamic properties, as well as their role in the functioning of the molecule. However, if not one but N open states are formed in the DNA molecule it is reasonable to consider the problem of the statistics of the ensemble of N DNA kinks. The statistical properties of such an ensemble are still poorly understood. In the present work, we study these properties applying new data on the dynamic characteristics of DNA kinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithms for scaling and visualization of nucleotide sequences developed in this study allow identifying relationships between the biochemical parameters of DNA and RNA molecules with scale invariance, fractal clusters, nonlinear ordering and symmetry and noise immunity of visual representations in orthogonal coordinate systems. The algorithms are capable of displaying structures of the nucleotide sequences of living organisms by visualizing them in spaces of various dimensions and scales. Approximately one hundred genes (protozoa, plants, fungi, animals, viruses) were analysed and examples of visualization of the nucleotide composition of genomes of various species have been presented. The developed method contributes to an in-depth understanding of the principles of genetic coding and simplifying the perception of genetic information due to the algorithmic interpretation of the basic properties of polynucleotide fragments with visualization of the final geometric structure of the genetic code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, morphology and electrical properties of thin dipeptide hexamethylenediamide bis (N-monosuccinylglutamlysin) (DPT) layers and a DPT composite with gold nanoparticles deposited on gold and HOPG substrates were studied by probe microscopy and spectroscopy. The chemical formula of DPT is: {HOOC–(CH2)2–CO-L-Glu-L-Lys-NH–(CH2)3}2, and it is a mimetic of nerve growth factor. The results demonstrate that the structure and morphology of DPT thin layers depend significantly on the molecule charge (neutral or anion) and the nature of the substrate–layer interface. It was possible to control the structure and properties of the formed solid layers by changing pH of aqua solution (the charge of the DPT molecule). Bipolar resistive switching was observed in thin DPT layers on graphite and gold surfaces. The crystallization of anions on the surface of gold led to the formation of a ferroelectric unlike graphite. A strong dependence of the morphology of DPT composite layers on the nature of the substrate and the state of its surface is revealed. It indicates the important role of interfacial interactions in the crystallization processes of the DPT layers. The electrical properties of layers also depend on the interaction of DPT with the substrate. An increase in the thickness of the layers significantly affects the morphology and value of the tunneling current. Similar to crystallization of DPT salt on a gold surface, crystallization of DPT composite with gold nanoparticles also leads to the formation of a ferroelectric. The differences found in the structure of DPT composite layers on graphite and gold surfaces can be explained by assuming that the structure of the second and all subsequent layers is completely determined by the structure of the first adsorption layer in DPT-substrate interface. So this layer serves as a template for the growth of all other layers. The results can find practical application in 3D printing technologies. The presence of negative differential conductivity on local tunnel current–voltage characteristics of peptide composites is of great practical importance when used as active elements for amplifying current and power, memory cells in organic electronics. Investigated DPT has rather good memristive characteristics, including good endurance, satisfying ON/OFF current ratio, long retention time and reproducible write-once read-many times (WORM) memory behavior. All this allows us to consider the DPT to be a perspective material of memristor organic electronics. Since it is also a drug, the polymorphism and its dependence on pH can also find application in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the charge transfer processes in biomacromolecules such as DNA is essential for the development of nanobioelectronics, design and construction of DNA-based nanowires, memory devices, logical elements, etc. Mathematical and computer modeling of charge transfer in biopolymer chains is an important part of these investigations. Some properties of charge transfer can be demonstrated by modeling of two-site chain. Based on the semi-classical Holstein model we consider a system of two sites and charged particle (electron or hole) in which the oscillations of the first site are not related to the charge motion, and the parameters of the second site correspond to a small-radius polaron. The system steady states depending on the electron energy H at the second site are studied numerically. The dynamics of the charge initially localized at the first site is modeled. Various modes depending on H are demonstrated: charge tunneling, resonant transfer, and lack of transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among biomedical signals, repetitive or quasi-periodic signals are particularly widespread. While the periodic component is still presented these signals are characterized by period variations (fundamental frequency, amplitude, etc.). The lack of synchronization or phase shifts results in variations in similar segments' durations, nominally identical signals demonstrate a variation at peak retention times, etc. The inverse methods of oscillation theory were proposed recently as a tool to solve the problems of modelling of repetitive signals with phase shift. In the article, the inverse method of oscillation theory is considered as a tool to solve the problems of supervised and non-supervised classification, and filtering of repetitive signals with phase shift. Examples of application are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug concentrations monitoring is very important for finding the right dosage. The developed method is based on the recognition of multidimensional images, which are produced by multisensory electrochemical systems that provide reliable information on objects being tested, using multidimensional statistics. The measurements were carried out using a planar solid-state electrode. The test solution was a 0.05 M KCl solution, which contained the Zn 2 + , Cd 2 + , Pb 2 + , Co 2 + $ {\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}_2}^ + ,{\rm{C}}{{\rm{d}}_2}^ + ,{\rm{P}}{{\rm{b}}_2}^ + ,{\rm{C}}{{\rm{o}}_2}^ + $ and Hg 2 + $ {\rm{H}}{{\rm{g}}_2}^ + $ metal cations in the concentration of 5 • 10−5 M. The efficiency of this method in determining lanosterol with accounting for changes in its concentration with over time has been demonstrated. In order to determine concentrations of Lanomax in tear fluid, a procedure for multisensory stripping voltammetry has been developed and tested. It has been shown that the effect of lacrimal fluid on metal dissolution currents in the test system lasts 12 hours after the Lanomax instillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a thermodynamic approach, a mathematical model of charge transfer processes in the polymeric ionites (ion-exchange materials) during the water vapor sorption was developed. Theoretical dependences of the resistance of a polymeric ionite on the relative air humidity over the range 10-100% at physically reasonable values of the parameters of the system were obtained. The comparison of theoretical and experimental dependences has been performed. Possible reasons for and criteria of the phase transitions that lead to stepwise change of ionite resistance were discussed. The developed mathematical model adequately describes the available experimental data and allows formulating practical recommendations on selecting optimal polymeric coatings for the electrode units of molecular-electronic humidity gauges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]