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1. Evaluation of the role of odontoblasts in dental pain

Author

Egbuniwe, Obi

Subjects
617.6
Abstract

Dental pain is a very common ailment affecting a large percentage of people and its mechanisms are not well understood, thus impairing the development of new therapies. The current paradigm of dental pain is that thermal or osmotic changes around a tooth produce movements within the dentine fluid, which are detected through mechanoreceptors on dental sensory neurons. However, initial studies have identified tentative links between TRP channels and dental pain, suggesting that TRP channels in dental nociceptive neurons may be directly activated by temperature changes and contribute to sensitivity to hot or cold foods. Certain structural and biochemical properties of odontoblasts suggest that they may also play a role in pain sensation. The aim of this project was to investigate the expression of pain-related ion channels (TRP channels) in human pulp cells (odontoblasts). Dental pulp cells were isolated and cultured in conditioned medium to allow for differentiation following which they were characterized by demonstrating the expression of odontoblast phenotypic markers. This cell culture model was optimized and a viable immortalised cell line established, and then used to determine the responsiveness of these odontoblast-like cells to TRP channel agonists and antagonists following the identification of their expression. The data obtained from this study will serve as a template for the better understanding of the function of TRP channels in human odontoblasts.

Published
2013

2. Using trained dogs and organic semi-conducting sensors to identify asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections: an observational study

Author

Guest, Claire, Dewhirst, Sarah Y, Lindsay, Steve W, Allen, David J, Aziz, Sophie, Baerenbold, Oliver, Bradley, John, Chabildas, Unnati, Chen-Hussey, Vanessa, Clifford, Samuel, Cottis, Luke, Dennehy, Jessica, Foley, Erin, Gezan, Salvador A, Gibson, Tim, Greaves, Courtenay K, Kleinschmidt, Immo, Lambert, Sébastien, Last, Anna, Morant, Steve, Parker, Josephine E A, Pickett, John, Quilty, Billy J, Rooney, Ann, Shah, Manil, Somerville, Mark, Squires, Chelci, Walker, Martin, Logan, James G, Jones, Robert, Assis, Ana, Borthwick, Ewan, Caton, Laura, Edwards, Rachel, Heal, Janette, Hill, David, Jahan, Nazifa, Johnson, Cecelia, Kaye, Angela, Kirkpatrick, Emily, Kisha, Sarah, Ledeatte Williams, Zaena, Moar, Robert, Owonibi, Tolulope, Purcell, Benjamin, Rixson, Christopher, Spencer, Freya, Stefanidis, Anastasios, Stewart, Sophie, Tytheridge, Scott, Wakley, Sian, Wildman, Shanice, Aziz, Catherine, Care, Helen, Curtis, Emily, Dowse, Claire, Makepeace, Alan, Oultram, Sally-Anne, Smith, Jayde, Shenton, Fiona, Hutchins, Harry, Mart, Robert, Cartwright, Jo-anne, Forsey, Miranda, Goodsell, Kerry, Kittridge, Lauren, Nicholson, Anne, Ramos, Angelo, Ritches, Joanne, Setty, Niranjan, Vertue, Mark, Bergstrom, Malin, Chaudhary, Zain, De Wilton, Angus, Gaskell, Kate, Houlihan, Catherine, Jones, Imogen, Margaritis, Marios, Miralhes, Patricia, Owens, Leah, Rampling, Tommy, Rickman, Hannah, Boffito, Marta, Fernandez, Candida, Cotterell, Bryony, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Tsaknis, George, Turns, Margaret, Walsh, Joanne, Frankland, Lisa, West, Raha, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Wassall, Helen, Young, Megan, Rangeley, Jade, Saalmink, Gwendolyn, Adlakha, Sanjay, Buckley, Philip, Allsop, Lynne, Smith, Susan, Sowter, Donna, Campbell, Alison, Jones, Julie, Laird, Steve, O’Toole, Sarah, Ryan, Courteney, Evans, Jessica, Rand, James, Schumacher, Natasha, Hazelton, Tracey, Dodgson, Andrew, Glasgow, Susannah, Kadiu, Denise, Lopuszansky, Orianne, Oommen, Anu, Prabhu, Joshi, Pursell, Molly, Turner, Jane, Walton, Hollie, Andrews, Robert, Cruickshank, Irena, Thompson, Catherine, Wainwright, Tania, Roebuck, Alun, Lawrence, Tara, Netherton, Kimberley, Hewitt, Claire, Shephardson, Sarah, Crasto, Winston Andrew, Lake, Judith, Musanhu, Rosemary, Walker, Rebecca, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Le Bas, Julie, Mackenzie, Nicola, Thatcher, Hilary, Beadle, Shannen, Buckley, Sarah, Castle, Gail, Fletcher, Aimee, Holbrook, Sara, Kane, Patricia, Lindley, Kate, Lowry, Tracey, Lupton, Stephanie, Oddy, Sharon, Slater, Lynda, Sylvester, Martin, Agwuh, Kenneth, Maxwell, Veronica, Ryder, Stephen, Topham, Kirsty, Egbuniwe, Obi, Matthews, Rebecca, Arenas-Pinto, Alejandro, Prymas, Paulina, Severn, Abigail, Shaw, Amber, Begum, Safia, Lenton, Daniel, Scriven, James, Leeman, Lucy, Rudge, Karen, Storr, Emma, Alvarez, Ana, Forster, Kate, Hind, Daniel, Cook, Natalie, Peeling, Rosanna, Carey, Peter, Wilson, Anne, and Davis, Jane

Subjects
Volatile Organic Compounds, Dogs, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Animals, COVID-19, Humans, Mass Screening, General Medicine, Asymptomatic Infections, Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract

Background A rapid, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic screen is needed to identify people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether organic semi-conducting (OSC) sensors and trained dogs could distinguish between people infected with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, and uninfected individuals, and the impact of screening at ports-of-entry. Methods Odour samples were collected from adults, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status confirmed using RT-PCR. OSC sensors captured the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of odour samples. Trained dogs were tested in a double-blind trial to determine their ability to detect differences in VOCs between infected and uninfected individuals, with sensitivity and specificity as the primary outcome. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate the impact of bio-detection dogs for screening. Results About, 3921 adults were enrolled in the study and odour samples collected from 1097 SARS-CoV-2 infected and 2031 uninfected individuals. OSC sensors were able to distinguish between SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and uninfected, with sensitivity from 98% (95% CI 95–100) to 100% and specificity from 99% (95% CI 97–100) to 100%. Six dogs were able to distinguish between samples with sensitivity ranging from 82% (95% CI 76–87) to 94% (95% CI 89–98) and specificity ranging from 76% (95% CI 70–82) to 92% (95% CI 88–96). Mathematical modelling suggests that dog screening plus a confirmatory PCR test could detect up to 89% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, averting up to 2.2 times as much transmission compared to isolation of symptomatic individuals only. Conclusions People infected with SARS-CoV-2, with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, have a distinct odour that can be identified by sensors and trained dogs with a high degree of accuracy. Odour-based diagnostics using sensors and/or dogs may prove a rapid and effective tool for screening large numbers of people. Trial Registration NCT04509713 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Published
2022

3. Contributors

Author

Abel, Naomi, primary, Agazzi, Siviero, additional, Ahmadian, Amir, additional, Akuthota, Venu, additional, Alaqeel, Ahmed, additional, Ali, Zarina S., additional, Alikhani, Puya, additional, Anastakis, Dimitri J., additional, Apaydin, Nihal, additional, Baccon, Jennifer, additional, Bahm, Jörg, additional, Banakhar, Mai A., additional, Barbe, Mary F., additional, Barohn, Richard J., additional, Belzberg, Allan, additional, Besson, Esther, additional, Birch, Rolfe M., additional, Blount, Jeffrey P., additional, Bozkurt, Murat, additional, Brandmeir, Nicholas, additional, Brown, Justin M., additional, Burchiel, Kim J., additional, Christensen, Kristian Friesgaard, additional, Câmara, Justin, additional, Cohen, Jeffrey A., additional, Corcos, Jacques, additional, Costanzo, Francesco, additional, Craig, Anita, additional, Dakwar, Elias, additional, Davis, Drew, additional, Davis, Karen D., additional, de Carvalho, Mamede, additional, De Groat, William C., additional, De Los Reyes, Kenneth, additional, Dimachkie, Mazen M., additional, Ditty, Benjamin J., additional, Doherty, Cahir, additional, Dorsi, Michael, additional, Dubal, Pariket M., additional, Eardley, W.G.P., additional, Egbuniwe, Obi, additional, Eloy, Jean Anderson, additional, Ezzati, Fatemeh, additional, Faris, C., additional, Fecho, Susan B., additional, Filler, Aaron G., additional, Fisher, Kurt W, additional, Fisher, Winfield S., additional, Flores, Leandro Pretto, additional, Gilbert, Alain, additional, Gomez-Amaya, Sandra M., additional, Gordon, Tessa, additional, Goswami, Ruma, additional, Goubier, Jean-Noël, additional, Griessenauer, Christoph J., additional, Guardia, Charles F., additional, Gupta, Amar, additional, Guyuron, Bahman, additional, Haroutounian, Simon, additional, Hassouna, Magdy, additional, Hassouna, Tarek, additional, Hattab, Eyas M, additional, Hayes, Seth B., additional, Heinen, Christian, additional, Hems, Tim, additional, Heuer, Gregory G., additional, Higgins, Diana M., additional, Hogan, Elizabeth, additional, Matthew Howe, B., additional, Illig, Karl A., additional, Jensen, Troels Staehelin, additional, Jones, Kathryn J., additional, Kerns, Robert D., additional, Khoury, E.F., additional, Knox, Aaron D.C., additional, Ko, Andrew L., additional, Kretschmer, Thomas, additional, Lalkhen, Abdul Ghaaliq, additional, Lee, Michelle, additional, Leonard, Garrett, additional, Levi, Allan D., additional, Liu, James K., additional, Mackinnon, Susan E., additional, Martin, Aaron, additional, Meadows, Rena M., additional, Mendoza, Paola, additional, Midha, Rajiv, additional, Miller, Joseph H., additional, Milner, Rachel, additional, Moore, Amy M., additional, Mowchun, Justin J., additional, Mulligan, Michael, additional, Neal, Sara, additional, Nguyen, Dianna Y., additional, Nikolajsen, Lone, additional, Oakes, W. Jerry, additional, Omar, Nidal B., additional, Ostrowska, Monika, additional, Patel, Daxa M., additional, Payne, Russell, additional, Phillips, Benjamin Z., additional, Pindrik, Jonathan, additional, Polasek, Katharine H., additional, Powell, Alexis, additional, Rasulic, Lukas, additional, Renton, Tara, additional, Richards, Alan T., additional, Rizk, Elias B., additional, Rocque, Brandon G., additional, Rosenbaum, Andrew J., additional, Rotshenker, Shlomo, additional, Rozzelle, Curtis J., additional, Ruggieri, Michael R., additional, Samardzic, Miroslav, additional, Sauvaget, E., additional, Schiefer, Matthew A., additional, Schmalz, Philip G.R., additional, Scioli-Salter, Erica, additional, Sengelaub, Dale R., additional, Sodde, Peter, additional, Spinner, Robert J., additional, Stewart, M.P.M., additional, Stommel, Elijah W., additional, Svider, Peter F., additional, Taira, Takaomi, additional, Teboul, Frédéric, additional, Tran, Richard T., additional, Tuite, Gerald F., additional, Tunstall, R.G., additional, Tyler, Dustin J., additional, Uhl, Richard L., additional, van Loveren, Harry, additional, Wellons, John C., additional, Yang, Aaron J., additional, Yang, Jian, additional, Young, Nathan P., additional, and Zager, Eric L., additional

Published
2015
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