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Education through poetry has long attracted the attention of scientists. As one of the oldest and most complex human arts, poetry can facilitate the learning of educational materials for the audience. Medical poetry conveys important points to medical students and makes difficult medical vocabulary easy for them. Including humanities in medical education is a measure to increase medical art awareness, compassion, and empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood exercise enhances brain structure, while diabetes detrimentally affects it. This study examines early-life exercise's influence on adult diabetic rats' memory and neuroplasticity. Methods: Male Wistar pups were divided into Control, Diabetes, Exercise Training, and Diabetes exercise groups. Diabetes was induced on day 23 with Alloxan (200 mg/kg). A 3-week regimen included aerobic and resistance training thrice weekly. The aerobic intensity was 70%, and resistance varied from 50% to 100% of the maximal carrying capacity (MCC). Following the last training sessions, spatial memory and retrieval tests were performed in infancy, childhood, and emerging adulthood using the Morris Water Maze test (MWM). The hippocampus was excised to measure protein and gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMKII), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) by western blotting and reverse transcription–polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Blood samples were collected during each developmental stage to measure glucose levels, at the study's conclusion, to assess Interleukin-1β levels using the ELISA method. The Nissel staining assessed dead hippocampal cells in CA1. Results: Post-natal exercise improved spatial memory (p < 0.05) and glucose levels (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Despite reduced mRNA expression (NMDAR 40%, BDNF 62%, CREB 43%, CAMKII 66%), diabetic rats, by study end, showed increased BDNF, NMDARR, CAMKII, CREB protein/gene expression (p < 0.05) in emerging adulthood for both training groups. Conclusion: Early-life exercise influenced hippocampal BDNF/NMDAR-CAMKII/CREB pathways in a diabetic rat model, highlighting post-natal exercise's role in neuroplasticity memory enhancement and improved glucose level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related disorder, characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function owing to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. This study aimed to investigate how intranasal injection of human adiposederived stem cell-conditioned media (hADSC-CM) ameliorates cognitive performance and affects the level of estrogen receptor beta (Erβ) in the hippocampus of rats in an AD model. Methods: A total of 32 male rats were divided into four groups, including the control, AD model, hADSC-CM, and vehicle groups. The Morris water maze was used to assess the animals’ behavioral changes. Moreover, Nissl and Thioflavin-S staining were performed to evaluate the histology of the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out to evaluate the expression level of Erβ. Results: The intranasal injection of hADSC-CM improved the rats’ cognitive performance by reducing the number of dark cells and beta-amyloid plaques in the hippocampus in the AD model. Besides, the intranasal injection of hADSC-CM increased the level of Erβ in this model. Conclusion: The present findings indicated that the intranasal injection of hADSC-CM ameliorated cognitive function. Amyloid plaques and dark cells also diminished in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Moreover, the expression level of ERβ increased. It can be concluded that hADSC-CM has significant treatment benefits for AD in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Trimethyltin Chloride (TMT) is a neurotoxin that can kill neurons in the nervous system and activate astrocytes. This neurotoxin mainly damages the hippocampal neurons. After TMT injection, behavioral changes such as aggression and hyperactivity have been reported in animals along with impaired spatial and learning memory. Hence, TMT is a suitable tool for an experimental model of neurodegeneration. The present study aims to determine the palliative effects of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) on the hippocampi of rats damaged from TMT exposure. Methods: We assigned 28 male Wistar rats to the following groups: control, model, vehicle, and treatment. The groups received Intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 8 mg/kg TMT. After one week, stem cells were stereotactically injected into the CA1 of the right rats' hippocampi. Spatial memory was determined by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test 6 weeks after cell transplantation. Finally, the rats' brains were perfused and stained by cresyl violet to determine the numbers of cells in the Cornus Ammonis (CA1) section of the hippocampus. We assessed the expressions of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Neuronal-specific Nuclear (NeuN) proteins in the right hippocampus by Western blot. Results: The MWM test showed that the treatment group had significantly higher traveled distances in the target quarter compared with the model and vehicle groups (P<0.05). Based on the result of cell count (Nissl staining), the number of cells increased in the treatment group compared with the model and vehicle groups (P<0.05). Western blot results showed up-regulation of GFAP and NeuN proteins in the model, vehicle, and treatment groups compared with the control group. Conclusion: Injection of BM-MSCs may lead to a behavioral and histological improvement in TMT-induced neurotoxicity by increasing the number of pyramidal neurons and improving memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Intracerebral injection of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is being investigated as a therapeutic tool to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to investigate the effects of BMSCs by intrathecal injection in AD rat model. Materials and Methods: BMSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of Wistar rat and transplanted into AD rat model via intrathecal injection. The rat model had received an injection of β amyloid into the hippocampus for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: Histological examination of the brains in transplanted rats compared to controls demonstrated the migration of BrdU-labeled BMSCs from the site of delivery, confirmed the differentiation of BMSCs transplanted cells into the cholinergic neurons, and increased number of healthy and decreased number of dark neurons. Conclusion: Our results showed that BMSCs intratechal administration could be a promising method for treatment of Alzheimer's disease in rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]