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1. Criteria for identifying and evaluating locations that could potentially host the Cosmic Explorer observatories

Author

Daniel, Kathryne J., Smith, Joshua R., Ballmer, Stefan, Bristol, Warren, Driggers, Jennifer C., Effler, Anamaria, Evans, Matthew, Hoover, Joseph, Kuns, Kevin, Landry, Michael, Lovelace, Geoffrey, Lukinbeal, Chris, Mandic, Vuk, Pham, Kiet, Read, Jocelyn, Russell, Joshua B., Schiettekatte, Francois, Schofield, Robert M. S., Scholz, Christopher A., Shoemaker, David H., Sledge, Piper, and Strunk, Amber

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmic Explorer (CE) is a next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave observatory that is being designed in the 2020s and is envisioned to begin operations in the 2030s together with the Einstein Telescope in Europe. The CE concept currently consists of two widely separated L-shaped observatories in the United States, one with 40 km-long arms and the other with 20 km-long arms. This order of magnitude increase in scale with respect to the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observatories will, together with technological improvements, deliver an order of magnitude greater astronomical reach, allowing access to gravitational waves from remnants of the first stars and opening a wide discovery aperture to the novel and unknown. In addition to pushing the reach of gravitational-wave astronomy, CE endeavors to approach the lifecycle of large scientific facilities in a way that prioritizes mutually beneficial relationships with local and Indigenous communities. This article describes the (scientific, cost and access, and social) criteria that will be used to identify and evaluate locations that could potentially host the CE observatories., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure

Published
2024

2. Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit

Author

Jia, Wenxuan, Xu, Victoria, Kuns, Kevin, Nakano, Masayuki, Barsotti, Lisa, Evans, Matthew, Mavalvala, Nergis, Abbott, Rich, Abouelfettouh, Ibrahim, Adhikari, Rana, Ananyeva, Alena, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Aritomi, Naoki, Aston, Stuart, Ball, Matthew, Ballmer, Stefan, Barker, David, Berger, Beverly, Betzwieser, Joseph, Bhattacharjee, Dripta, Billingsley, Garilynn, Bode, Nina, Bonilla, Edgard, Bossilkov, Vladimir, Branch, Adam, Brooks, Aidan, Brown, Daniel, Bryant, John, Cahillane, Craig, Cao, Huy-tuong, Capote, Elenna, Chen, Yanbei, Clara, Filiberto, Collins, Josh, Compton, Camilla, Cottingham, Robert, Coyne, Dennis, Crouch, Ryan, Csizmazia, Janos, Cullen, Torrey, Dartez, Louis, Demos, Nicholas, Dohmen, Ezekiel, Driggers, Jenne, Dwyer, Sheila, Effler, Anamaria, Ejlli, Aldo, Etzel, Todd, Feicht, Jon, Frey, Raymond, Frischhertz, William, Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery, Fulda, Paul, Fyffe, Michael, Ganapathy, Dhruva, Gateley, Bubba, Giaime, Joe, Giardina, Dwayne, Glanzer, Jane, Goetz, Evan, Jones, Aaron, Gras, Slawomir, Gray, Corey, Griffith, Don, Grote, Hartmut, Guidry, Tyler, Hall, Evan, Hanks, Jonathan, Hanson, Joe, Heintze, Matthew, Helmling-cornell, Adrian, Huang, Hsiang-yu, Inoue, Yuki, James, Alasdair, Jennings, Austin, Karat, Srinath, Kasprzack, Marie, Kawabe, Keita, Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee, Kissel, Jeffrey, Kontos, Antonios, Kumar, Rahul, Landry, Michael, Lantz, Brian, Laxen, Michael, Lee, Kyung-ha, Lesovsky, Madeline, Llamas, Francisco, Lormand, Marc, Loughlin, Hudsonalexander, Macas, Ronaldas, Macinnis, Myron, Makarem, Camille, Mannix, Benjaminrobert, Mansell, Georgia, Martin, Rodica, Maxwell, Nyath, Mccarrol, Garrett, Mccarthy, Richard, Mcclelland, David, Mccormick, Scott, Mcculler, Lee, Mcrae, Terry, Mera, Fernando, Merilh, Edmond, Meylahn, Fabian, Mittleman, Richard, Moraru, Dan, Moreno, Gerardo, Mould, Matthew, Mullavey, Adam, Nelson, Timothy, Neunzert, Ansel, Oberling, Jason, Ohanlon, Timothy, Osthelder, Charles, Ottaway, David, Overmier, Harry, Parker, William, Pele, Arnaud, Pham, Huyen, Pirello, Marc, Quetschke, Volker, Ramirez, Karla, Reyes, Jonathan, Richardson, Jonathan, Robinson, Mitchell, Rollins, Jameson, Romie, Janeen, Ross, Michael, Sadecki, Travis, Sanchez, Anthony, Sanchez, Eduardo, Sanchez, Luis, Savage, Richard, Schaetzl, Dean, Schiworski, Mitchell, Schnabel, Roman, Schofield, Robert, Schwartz, Eyal, Sellers, Danny, Shaffer, Thomas, Short, Ryan, Sigg, Daniel, Slagmolen, Bram, Soni, Siddharth, Sun, Ling, Tanner, David, Thomas, Michael, Thomas, Patrick, Thorne, Keith, Torrie, Calum, Traylor, Gary, Vajente, Gabriele, Vanosky, Jordan, Vecchio, Alberto, Veitch, Peter, Vibhute, Ajay, Vonreis, Erik, Warner, Jim, Weaver, Betsy, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Chris, Willke, Benno, Wipf, Christopher, Yamamoto, Hiro, Yu, Haocun, Zhang, Liyuan, and Zucker, Michael

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Precision measurements of space and time, like those made by the detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), are often confronted with fundamental limitations imposed by quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot both be precisely measured, giving rise to an apparent limitation called the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL). Reducing quantum noise below the SQL in gravitational-wave detectors, where photons are used to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors, has been an active area of research for decades. Here we show how the LIGO A+ upgrade reduced the detectors' quantum noise below the SQL by up to 3 dB while achieving a broadband sensitivity improvement, more than two decades after this possibility was first presented.

Published
2024
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3. Modeling and Reduction of High Frequency Scatter Noise at LIGO Livingston

Author

Soni, Siddharth, Glanzer, Jane, Effler, Anamaria, Frolov, Valera, González, Gabriela, Pele, Arnaud, and Schofield, Robert

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The sensitivity of aLIGO detectors is adversely affected by the presence of noise caused by light scattering. Low frequency seismic disturbances can create higher frequency scattering noise adversely impacting the frequency band in which we detect gravitational waves. In this paper, we analyze instances of a type of scattered light noise we call "Fast Scatter" that is produced by motion at frequencies greater than 1 Hz, to locate surfaces in the detector that may be responsible for the noise. We model the phase noise to better understand the relationship between increases in seismic noise near the site and the resulting Fast Scatter observed. We find that mechanical damping of the Arm Cavity Baffles (ACBs) led to a significant reduction of this noise in recent data. For a similar degree of seismic motion in the 1-3 Hz range, the rate of noise transients is reduced by a factor of ~ 50., Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures

Published
2023

4. Cosmic Explorer: A Submission to the NSF MPSAC ngGW Subcommittee

Author

Evans, Matthew, Corsi, Alessandra, Afle, Chaitanya, Ananyeva, Alena, Arun, K. G., Ballmer, Stefan, Bandopadhyay, Ananya, Barsotti, Lisa, Baryakhtar, Masha, Berger, Edo, Berti, Emanuele, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Borhanian, Ssohrab, Broekgaarden, Floor, Brown, Duncan A., Cahillane, Craig, Campbell, Lorna, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Daniel, Kathryne J., Dhani, Arnab, Driggers, Jennifer C., Effler, Anamaria, Eisenstein, Robert, Fairhurst, Stephen, Feicht, Jon, Fritschel, Peter, Fulda, Paul, Gupta, Ish, Hall, Evan D., Hammond, Giles, Hannuksela, Otto A., Hansen, Hannah, Haster, Carl-Johan, Kacanja, Keisi, Kamai, Brittany, Kashyap, Rahul, Key, Joey Shapiro, Khadkikar, Sanika, Kontos, Antonios, Kuns, Kevin, Landry, Michael, Landry, Philippe, Lantz, Brian, Li, Tjonnie G. F., Lovelace, Geoffrey, Mandic, Vuk, Mansell, Georgia L., Martynov, Denys, McCuller, Lee, Miller, Andrew L., Nitz, Alexander Harvey, Owen, Benjamin J., Palomba, Cristiano, Read, Jocelyn, Phurailatpam, Hemantakumar, Reddy, Sanjay, Richardson, Jonathan, Rollins, Jameson, Romano, Joseph D., Sathyaprakash, Bangalore S., Schofield, Robert, Shoemaker, David H., Sigg, Daniel, Singh, Divya, Slagmolen, Bram, Sledge, Piper, Smith, Joshua, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Strunk, Amber, Sun, Ling, Tanner, David, van Son, Lieke A. C., Vitale, Salvatore, Willke, Benno, Yamamoto, Hiro, and Zucker, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Gravitational-wave astronomy has revolutionized humanity's view of the universe, a revolution driven by observations that no other field can make. This white paper describes an observatory that builds on decades of investment by the National Science Foundation and that will drive discovery for decades to come: Cosmic Explorer. Major discoveries in astronomy are driven by three related improvements: better sensitivity, higher precision, and opening new observational windows. Cosmic Explorer promises all three and will deliver an order-of-magnitude greater sensitivity than LIGO. Cosmic Explorer will push the gravitational-wave frontier to almost the edge of the observable universe using technologies that have been proven by LIGO during its development. With the unprecedented sensitivity that only a new facility can deliver, Cosmic Explorer will make discoveries that cannot yet be anticipated, especially since gravitational waves are both synergistic with electromagnetic observations and can reach into regions of the universe that electromagnetic observations cannot explore. With Cosmic Explorer, scientists can use the universe as a laboratory to test the laws of physics and study the nature of matter. Cosmic Explorer allows the United States to continue its leading role in gravitational-wave science and the international network of next-generation observatories. With its extraordinary discovery potential, Cosmic Explorer will deliver revolutionary observations across astronomy, physics, and cosmology including: Black Holes and Neutron Stars Throughout Cosmic Time, Multi-Messenger Astrophysics and Dynamics of Dense Matter, New Probes of Extreme Astrophysics, Fundamental Physics and Precision Cosmology, Dark Matter and the Early Universe.

Published
2023

5. Noise in the LIGO Livingston Gravitational Wave Observatory due to Trains

Author

Glanzer, Jane, Soni, Siddharth, Spoon, Jaidyn, Effler, Anamaria, and González, Gabriela

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Environmental seismic disturbances limit the sensitivity of LIGO gravitational wave detectors. Trains near the LIGO Livingston detector produce low frequency (0.5-10 Hz) ground noise that couples into the gravitational wave sensitive frequency band (10-100 Hz) through light reflected in mirrors and other surfaces. We investigate the effect of trains during the Advanced LIGO third observing run, and propose a method to search for narrow band seismic frequencies responsible for contributing to increases in scattered light. Through the use of the linear regression tool Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and glitch correlations, we identify the most common seismic frequencies that correlate with increases in detector noise as 0.6-0.8 Hz, 1.7-1.9 Hz, 1.8-2.0 Hz, and 2.3-2.5 Hz in the LIGO Livingston corner station., Comment: 18 pages (including bibliography), 17 figures, 2 tables, and 1 appendix. Submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravity

Published
2023

6. Correlated 1-1000 Hz magnetic field fluctuations from lightning over earth-scale distances and their impact on gravitational wave searches

Author

Janssens, Kamiel, Ball, Matthew, Schofield, Robert M. S., Christensen, Nelson, Frey, Raymond, van Remortel, Nick, Banagiri, Sharan, Coughlin, Michael W., Effler, Anamaria, Gołkowski, Mark, Kubisz, Jerzy, and Ostrowski, Michał

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report Earth-scale distance magnetic correlations from lightning strokes in the frequency range 1-1000 Hz at several distances ranging from 1100 to 9000 km. Noise sources which are correlated on Earth-scale distances can affect future searches for gravitational-wave signals with ground-based gravitational-wave interferometric detectors. We consider the impact of correlations from magnetic field fluctuations on gravitational-wave searches due to Schumann resonances ($<$50 Hz) as well as higher frequencies ($>$100 Hz). We demonstrate that individual lightning strokes are a likely source for the observed correlations in the magnetic field fluctuations at gravitational-wave observatories and discuss some of their characteristics. Furthermore, we predict their impact on searches for an isotropic gravitational-wave background, as well as for searches looking for short-duration transient gravitational waves, both unmodeled signals (bursts) as well as modeled signals (compact binary coalescence). Whereas the recent third observing run by LIGO and Virgo was free of an impact from correlated magnetic field fluctuations, future runs could be affected. For example, at current magnetic coupling levels, neutron star inspirals in third generation detectors are likely to be contaminated by multiple correlated lightning glitches. We suggest that future detector design should consider reducing lightning coupling by, for example, reducing the lightning-induced beam tube currents that pass through sensitive magnetic coupling regions in current detectors. We also suggest that the diurnal and seasonal variation in lightning activity may be useful in discriminating between detector correlations that are produced by gravitational waves and those produced by lightning.

Published
2022
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7. Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

Author

Brooks, Aidan F., Vajente, Gabriele, Yamamoto, Hiro, Abbott, Rich, Adams, Carl, Adhikari, Rana X., Ananyeva, Alena, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Areeda, Joseph S., Asali, Yasmeen, Aston, Stuart M., Austin, Corey, Baer, Anne M., Ball, Matthew, Ballmer, Stefan W., Banagiri, Sharan, Barker, David, Barsotti, Lisa, Bartlett, Jeffrey, Berger, Beverly K., Betzwieser, Joseph, Bhattacharjee, Dripta, Billingsley, Garilynn, Biscans, Sebastien, Blair, Carl D., Blair, Ryan M., Bode, Nina, Booker, Phillip, Bork, Rolf, Bramley, Alyssa, Brown, Daniel D., Buikema, Aaron, Cahillane, Craig, Cannon, Kipp C., Cao, Huy Tuong, Chen, Xu, Ciobanu, Alexei A., Clara, Filiberto, Compton, Camilla, Cooper, Sam J., Corley, Kenneth R., Countryman, Stefan T., Covas, Pep B., Coyne, Dennis C., Datrier, Laurence E., Davis, Derek, Difronzo, Chiara D., Dooley, Katherine L., Driggers, Jenne C., Dupej, Peter, Dwyer, Sheila E., Effler, Anamaria, Etzel, Todd, Evans, Matthew, Evans, Tom M., Feicht, Jon, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery V., Fulda, Paul, Fyffe, Michael, Giaime, Joe A., Giardina, Dwayne D., Godwin, Patrick, Goetz, Evan, Gras, Slawomir, Gray, Corey, Gray, Rachel, Green, Anna C., Gupta, Anchal, Gustafson, Eric K., Gustafson, Dick, Hall, Evan, Hanks, Jonathan, Hanson, Joe, Hardwick, Terra, Hasskew, Raine K., Heintze, Matthew C., Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F., Holland, Nathan A., Jones, Jeff D., Kandhasamy, Shivaraj, Karki, Sudarshan, Kasprzack, Marie, Kawabe, Keita, Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee, King, Peter J., Kissel, Jeffrey S., Kumar, Rahul, Landry, Michael, Lane, Benjamin B., Lantz, Brian, Laxen, Michael, Lecoeuche, Yannick K., Leviton, Jessica, Jian, Liu, Lormand, Marc, Lundgren, Andrew P., Macas, Ronaldas, Macinnis, Myron, Macleod, Duncan M., Mansell, Georgia L., Marka, Szabolcs, Marka, Zsuzsanna, Martynov, Denis V., Mason, Ken, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCarthy, Richard, McClelland, David E., McCormick, Scott, McCuller, Lee, McIver, Jessica, McRae, Terry, Mendell, Gregory, Merfeld, Kara, Merilh, Edmond L., Meylahn, Fabian, Mistry, Timesh, Mittleman, Richard, Moreno, Gerardo, Mow-Lowry, Conor M., Mozzon, Simone, Mullavey, Adam, Nelson, Timothy J., Nguyen, Philippe, Nuttall, Laura K., Oberling, Jason, Oram, Richard J., Osthelder, Charles, Ottaway, David J., Overmier, Harry, Palamos, Jordan R., Parker, William, Payne, Ethan, Pele, Arnaud, Penhorwood, Reilly, Perez, Carlos J., Pirello, Marc, Radkins, Hugh, Ramirez, Karla E., Richardson, Jonathan W., Riles, Keith, Robertson, Norna A., Rollins, Jameson G., Romel, Chandra L., Romie, Janeen H., Ross, Michael P., Ryan, Kyle, Sadecki, Travis, Sanchez, Eduardo J., Sanchez, Luis E., Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R., Savage, Richard L., Schaetzl, Dean, Schnabel, Roman, Schofield, Robert M., Schwartz, Eyal, Sellers, Danny, Shaffer, Thomas, Sigg, Daniel, Slagmolen, Bram J., Smith, Joshua R., Soni, Siddharth, Sorazu, Borja, Spencer, Andrew P., Strain, Ken A., Sun, Ling, Szczepanczyk, Marek J., Thomas, Michael, Thomas, Patrick, Thorne, Keith A., Toland, Karl, Torrie, Calum I., Traylor, Gary, Tse, Maggie, Urban, Alexander L., Valdes, Guillermo, Vander-Hyde, Daniel C., Veitch, Peter J., Venkateswara, Krishna, Venugopalan, Gautam, Viets, Aaron D., Vo, Thomas, Vorvick, Cheryl, Wade, Madeline, Ward, Robert L., Warner, Jim, Weaver, Betsy, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Chris, Willke, Benno, Wipf, Christopher C., Xiao, Liting, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zhang, Liyuan, Zucker, Michael E., and Zweizig, John

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nano-meter scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduces the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power build-up in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and hence, limit GW sensitivity, but suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises., Comment: 49 pages, 16 figures. -V2: typographical errors in equations B9 and B10 were corrected (stray exponent of "h" was removed). Caption of Figure 9 was corrected to indicate that 40mW was used for absorption in the model, not 10mW as incorrectly indicated in V1

Published
2021
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8. The US Program in Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Science: Contribution from the LIGO Laboratory

Author

Reitze, David, Abbott, Rich, Adams, Carl, Adhikari, Rana, Aggarwal, Nancy, Anand, Shreya, Ananyeva, Alena, Anderson, Stuart, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Araya, Melody, Aston, Stuart, Barayoga, Juan, Barish, Barry, Barker, David, Barsotti, Lisa, Bartlett, Jeffrey, Betzwieser, Joseph, Billingsley, GariLynn, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Blackburn, Kent, Blair, Carl, Blair, Ryan, Bockelman, Brian, Bork, Rolf, Bramley, Alyssa, Brooks, Aidan, Brunett, Sharon, Buikema, Aaron, Cahillane, Craig, Callister, Thomas, Carruthers, Tom, Clara, Filiberto, Corban, Paul, Coughlin, Michael, Couvares, Peter, Cowart, Matthew, Coyne, Dennis, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Fred, Driggers, Jenne, Dwyer, Sheila, Effler, Anamaria, Eisenstein, Robert, Etzel, Todd, Evans, Matthew, Evans, Tom, Feicht, Jon, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery, Fyffe, Michael, Gateley, Bubba, Giaime, Joe, Giardina, Dwayne, Goetz, Evan, Gossan, Sarah, Gras, Slawomir, Grassia, Philippe, Gray, Corey, Gupta, Anchal, Gustafson, Eric, Guthman, Les, Hall, Evan, Hanks, Jonathan, Hanson, Joe, Hasskew, Raine, Haster, Carl-Johan, Heintze, Matthew, Hernandez, Edgar, Holt, Kathy, Huang, Yiwen, Huynh-Dinh, Tien, Isi, Max, Jones, Jeff, Kamai, Brittany, Kanner, Jonah, Kasprzack, Marie, Katsavounidis, Erik, Katzman, William, Kawabe, Keita, King, Peter, Kissel, Jeffrey, Kondrashov, Veronica, Korth, William, Kozak, Dan, Kumar, Rahul, Landry, Michael, Lane, Benjamin, Lanza, Robert, Laxen, Michael, Lazzarini, Albert, Lecoeuche, Yannick, Libbrecht, Ken, Lo, Ka-Lok, London, Lionel, Lormand, Marc, MacInnis, Myron, Mansell, Georgia, Markowitz, Aaron, Maros, Ed, Marx, Jay, Mason, Ken, Massinger, Thomas, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCarthy, Richard, McCormick, Scott, McCuller, Lee, McIver, Jessica, Mendell, Gregory, Merilh, Edmond, Meshkov, Syd, Mittleman, Richard, Moraru, Dan, Moreno, Gerardo, Mullavey, Adam, Nelson, Timothy, Ng, Kwan-Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, O'Reilly, Brian, Oberling, Jason, Oram, Richard, Osthelder, Charles, Overmier, Harry, Parker, William, Pedraza, Mike, Pele, Arnaud, Perez, Carlos, Petterson, Danielle, Pirello, Marc, Raab, Fred, Radkins, Hugh, Mohapatra, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar, Richardson, Jonathan, Robertson, Norna, Rollins, Jameson, Romel, Chandra, Romie, Janeen, Ryan, Kyle, Sadecki, Travis, Sanchez, Eduardo, Sanchez, Luis, Savage, Richard, Schaetzl, Dean, Sellers, Danny, Shaffer, Thomas, Shoemaker, David, Sigg, Daniel, Strunk, Amber, Sudhir, Vivishek, Sun, Ling, Tao, Duo, Taylor, Robert, Thomas, Michael, Thomas, Patrick, Thorne, Keith, Torrie, Calum, Traylor, Gary, Trudeau, Randy, Tse, Maggie, Vajente, Gabriele, Vass, Steve, Venugopalan, Gautam, Vitale, Salvatore, Vorvick, Cheryl, Wade, Andrew, Wallace, Larry, Warner, Jim, Weaver, Betsy, Weinstein, Alan, Weiss, Rainer, Whitcomb, Stan, Whittle, Chris, Willis, Joshua, Wipf, Christopher, Xiao, Sophia, Yamamoto, Hiro, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zhang, Liyuan, Zucker, Michael, and Zweizig, John

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Recent gravitational-wave observations from the LIGO and Virgo observatories have brought a sense of great excitement to scientists and citizens the world over. Since September 2015,10 binary black hole coalescences and one binary neutron star coalescence have been observed. They have provided remarkable, revolutionary insight into the "gravitational Universe" and have greatly extended the field of multi-messenger astronomy. At present, Advanced LIGO can see binary black hole coalescences out to redshift 0.6 and binary neutron star coalescences to redshift 0.05. This probes only a very small fraction of the volume of the observable Universe. However, current technologies can be extended to construct "$3^\mathrm{rd}$ Generation" (3G) gravitational-wave observatories that would extend our reach to the very edge of the observable Universe. The event rates over such a large volume would be in the hundreds of thousands per year (i.e.tens per hour). Such 3G detectors would have a 10-fold improvement in strain sensitivity over the current generation of instruments, yielding signal-to-noise ratios of 1000 for events like those already seen. Several concepts are being studied for which engineering studies and reliable cost estimates will be developed in the next 5 years., Comment: For the 2020 Astro decadal

Published
2019

10. Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

Author

Coughlin, Michael W., Cirone, Alessio, Meyers, Patrick, Atsuta, Sho, Boschi, Valerio, Chincarini, Andrea, Christensen, Nelson L., De Rosa, Rosario, Effler, Anamaria, Fiori, Irene, Golkowski, Mark, Guidry, Melissa, Harms, Jan, Hayama, Kazuhiro, Kataoka, Yuu, Kubisz, Jerzy, Kulak, Andrzej, Laxen, Michael, Matas, Andrew, Mlynarczyk, Janusz, Ogawa, Tsutomu, Paoletti, Federico, Salvador, Jacobo, Schofield, Robert, Somiya, Kentaro, and Thrane, Eric

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show how dedicated measurements can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise. We also show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another.

Published
2018
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12. The Advanced LIGO Input Optics

Author

Mueller, Chris, Arain, Muzammil, Ciani, Giacomo, DeRosa, Ryan, Effler, Anamaria, Feldbaum, David, Frolov, Valery, Fulda, Paul, Gleason, Joseph, Heintze, Matthew, King, Eleanor, Kokeyama, Keiko, Korth, William, Martin, Rodica, Mullavey, Adam, Poeld, Jan, Quetschke, Volker, Reitze, David, Tanner, David, Williams, Luke, and Mueller, Guido

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors are nearing their design sensitivity and should begin taking meaningful astrophysical data in the fall of 2015. These resonant optical interferometers will have unprecedented sensitivity to the strains caused by passing gravitational waves. The input optics play a significant part in allowing these devices to reach such sensitivities. Residing between the pre-stabilized laser and the main interferometer, the input optics is tasked with preparing the laser beam for interferometry at the sub-attometer level while operating at continuous wave input power levels ranging from 100 mW to 150 W. These extreme operating conditions required every major component to be custom designed. These designs draw heavily on the experience and understanding gained during the operation of Initial LIGO and Enhanced LIGO. In this article we report on how the components of the input optics were designed to meet their stringent requirements and present measurements showing how well they have lived up to their design.

Published
2016
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13. Observation of Parametric Instability in Advanced LIGO

Author

Evans, Matthew, Gras, Slawek, Fritschel, Peter, Miller, John, Barsotti, Lisa, Martynov, Denis, Brooks, Aidan, Coyne, Dennis, Abbott, Rich, Adhikari, Rana, Arai, Koji, Bork, Rolf, Kells, Bill, Rollins, Jameson, Smith-Lefebvre, Nicolas, Vajente, Gabriele, Yamamoto, Hiroaki, Derosa, Ryan, Effler, Anamaria, Kokeyama, Keiko, Betzweiser, Joseph, Frolov, Valera, Mullavey, Adam, Dwyer, Sheila, Izumi, Kiwamu, Kawabe, Keita, Sigg, Daniel, Ballmer, Stefan, Massinger, Thomas J., Staley, Alexa, Mueller, Chris, Grote, Hartmut, Ward, Robert, King, Eleanor, Thorne, Keith, Thomas, Michael, Adams, Carl, Aston, Stuart, Romie, Janeen, Pele, Arnaud, Heinze, Matthew, Blair, David, Ju, Li, and Zhao, Chunnong

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Parametric instabilities have long been studied as a potentially limiting effect in high-power interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Until now, however, these instabilities have never been observed in a kilometer-scale interferometer. In this work we describe the first observation of parametric instability in an Advanced LIGO detector, and the means by which it has been removed as a barrier to progress.

Published
2015
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14. Correlated noise in networks of gravitational-wave detectors: subtraction and mitigation

Author

Thrane, Eric, Christensen, Nelson, Schofield, Robert M. S., and Effler, Anamaria

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

One of the key science goals of advanced gravitational-wave detectors is to observe a stochastic gravitational-wave background. However, recent work demonstrates that correlated magnetic fields from Schumann resonances can produce correlated strain noise over global distances, potentially limiting the sensitivity of stochastic background searches with advanced detectors. In this paper, we estimate the correlated noise budget for the worldwide Advanced LIGO network and conclude that correlated noise may affect upcoming measurements. We investigate the possibility of a Wiener filtering scheme to subtract correlated noise from Advanced LIGO searches, and estimate the required specifications. We also consider the possibility that residual correlated noise remains following subtraction, and we devise an optimal strategy for measuring astronomical parameters in the presence of correlated noise. Using this new formalism, we estimate the loss of sensitivity for a broadband, isotropic stochastic background search using 1 yr of LIGO data at design sensitivity. Given our current noise budget, the uncertainty with which LIGO can estimate energy density will likely increase by a factor of ~4--if it is impossible to achieve significant subtraction. Additionally, narrowband cross-correlation searches may be severely affected at low frequencies f < 45 Hz without effective subtraction., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures

Published
2014
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17. Correlated 1–1000 Hz magnetic field fluctuations from lightning over Earth-scale distances and their impact on gravitational wave searches

Author

Janssens, Kamiel, primary, Ball, Matthew, additional, Schofield, Robert M. S., additional, Christensen, Nelson, additional, Frey, Raymond, additional, van Remortel, Nick, additional, Banagiri, Sharan, additional, Coughlin, Michael W., additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Gołkowski, Mark, additional, Kubisz, Jerzy, additional, and Ostrowski, Michał, additional

Published
2023
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18. Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Author

Jia, Wenxuan, primary, Yamamoto, Hiroaki, additional, Kuns, Kevin, additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Evans, Matthew, additional, Fritschel, Peter, additional, Abbott, R., additional, Adams, C., additional, Adhikari, R. X., additional, Ananyeva, A., additional, Appert, S., additional, Arai, K., additional, Areeda, J. S., additional, Asali, Y., additional, Aston, S. M., additional, Austin, C., additional, Baer, A. M., additional, Ball, M., additional, Ballmer, S. W., additional, Banagiri, S., additional, Barker, D., additional, Barsotti, L., additional, Bartlett, J., additional, Berger, B. K., additional, Betzwieser, J., additional, Bhattacharjee, D., additional, Billingsley, G., additional, Biscans, S., additional, Blair, C. D., additional, Blair, R. M., additional, Bode, N., additional, Booker, P., additional, Bork, R., additional, Bramley, A., additional, Brooks, A. F., additional, Brown, D. D., additional, Buikema, A., additional, Cahillane, C., additional, Cannon, K. C., additional, Chen, X., additional, Ciobanu, A. A., additional, Clara, F., additional, Compton, C. M., additional, Cooper, S. J., additional, Corley, K. R., additional, Countryman, S. T., additional, Covas, P. B., additional, Coyne, D. C., additional, Datrier, L. E. H., additional, Davis, D., additional, Di Fronzo, C., additional, Dooley, K. L., additional, Driggers, J. C., additional, Dupej, P., additional, Dwyer, S. E., additional, Etzel, T., additional, Evans, T. M., additional, Feicht, J., additional, Fernandez-Galiana, A., additional, Frolov, V. V., additional, Fulda, P., additional, Fyffe, M., additional, Giaime, J. A., additional, Giardina, K. D., additional, Godwin, P., additional, Goetz, E., additional, Gras, S., additional, Gray, C., additional, Gray, R., additional, Green, A. C., additional, Gustafson, E. K., additional, Gustafson, R., additional, Hall, E. D., additional, Hanks, J., additional, Hanson, J., additional, Hardwick, T., additional, Hasskew, R. K., additional, Heintze, M. C., additional, Helmling-Cornell, A. F., additional, Holland, N. A., additional, Jones, J. D., additional, Kandhasamy, S., additional, Karki, S., additional, Kasprzack, M., additional, Kawabe, K., additional, Kijbunchoo, N., additional, King, P. J., additional, Kissel, J. S., additional, Kumar, Rahul, additional, Landry, M., additional, Lane, B. B., additional, Lantz, B., additional, Laxen, M., additional, Lecoeuche, Y. K., additional, Leviton, J., additional, Liu, J., additional, Lormand, M., additional, Lundgren, A. P., additional, Macas, R., additional, MacInnis, M., additional, Macleod, D. M., additional, Mansell, G. L., additional, Márka, S., additional, Márka, Z., additional, Martynov, D. V., additional, Mason, K., additional, Massinger, T. J., additional, Matichard, F., additional, Mavalvala, N., additional, McCarthy, R., additional, McClelland, D. E., additional, McCormick, S., additional, McCuller, L., additional, McIver, J., additional, McRae, T., additional, Mendell, G., additional, Merfeld, K., additional, Merilh, E. L., additional, Meylahn, F., additional, Mistry, T., additional, Mittleman, R., additional, Moreno, G., additional, Mow-Lowry, C. M., additional, Mozzon, S., additional, Mullavey, A., additional, Nelson, T. J. N., additional, Nguyen, P., additional, Nuttall, L. K., additional, Oberling, J., additional, Oram, Richard J., additional, Osthelder, C., additional, Ottaway, D. J., additional, Overmier, H., additional, Palamos, J. R., additional, Parker, W., additional, Payne, E., additional, Pele, A., additional, Penhorwood, R., additional, Perez, C. J., additional, Pirello, M., additional, Radkins, H., additional, Ramirez, K. E., additional, Richardson, J. W., additional, Riles, K., additional, Robertson, N. A., additional, Rollins, J. G., additional, Romel, C. L., additional, Romie, J. H., additional, Ross, M. P., additional, Ryan, K., additional, Sadecki, T., additional, Sanchez, E. J., additional, Sanchez, L. E., additional, Saravanan, T. R., additional, Savage, R. L., additional, Schaetzl, D., additional, Schnabel, R., additional, Schofield, R. M. S., additional, Schwartz, E., additional, Sellers, D., additional, Shaffer, T., additional, Sigg, D., additional, Slagmolen, B. J. J., additional, Smith, J. R., additional, Soni, S., additional, Sorazu, B., additional, Spencer, A. P., additional, Strain, K. A., additional, Sun, L., additional, Szczepańczyk, M. J., additional, Thomas, M., additional, Thomas, P., additional, Thorne, K. A., additional, Toland, K., additional, Torrie, C. I., additional, Traylor, G., additional, Tse, M., additional, Urban, A. L., additional, Vajente, G., additional, Valdes, G., additional, Vander-Hyde, D. C., additional, Veitch, P. J., additional, Venkateswara, K., additional, Venugopalan, G., additional, Viets, A. D., additional, Vo, T., additional, Vorvick, C., additional, Wade, M., additional, Ward, R. L., additional, Warner, J., additional, Weaver, B., additional, Weiss, R., additional, Whittle, C., additional, Willke, B., additional, Wipf, C. C., additional, Xiao, L., additional, Yu, Hang, additional, Yu, Haocun, additional, Zhang, L., additional, Zucker, M. E., additional, and Zweizig, J., additional

Published
2021
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19. Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

Author

Brooks, Aidan F., primary, Vajente, Gabriele, additional, Yamamoto, Hiro, additional, Abbott, Rich, additional, Adams, Carl, additional, Adhikari, Rana X., additional, Ananyeva, Alena, additional, Appert, Stephen, additional, Arai, Koji, additional, Areeda, Joseph S., additional, Asali, Yasmeen, additional, Aston, Stuart M., additional, Austin, Corey, additional, Baer, Anne M., additional, Ball, Matthew, additional, Ballmer, Stefan W., additional, Banagiri, Sharan, additional, Barker, David, additional, Barsotti, Lisa, additional, Bartlett, Jeffrey, additional, Berger, Beverly K., additional, Betzwieser, Joseph, additional, Bhattacharjee, Dripta, additional, Billingsley, Garilynn, additional, Biscans, Sebastien, additional, Blair, Carl D., additional, Blair, Ryan M., additional, Bode, Nina, additional, Booker, Phillip, additional, Bork, Rolf, additional, Bramley, Alyssa, additional, Brown, Daniel D., additional, Buikema, Aaron, additional, Cahillane, Craig, additional, Cannon, Kipp C., additional, Cao, Huy Tuong, additional, Chen, Xu, additional, Ciobanu, Alexei A., additional, Clara, Filiberto, additional, Compton, Camilla, additional, Cooper, Sam J., additional, Corley, Kenneth R., additional, Countryman, Stefan T., additional, Covas, Pep B., additional, Coyne, Dennis C., additional, Datrier, Laurence E., additional, Davis, Derek, additional, Difronzo, Chiara D., additional, Dooley, Katherine L., additional, Driggers, Jenne C., additional, Dupej, Peter, additional, Dwyer, Sheila E., additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Etzel, Todd, additional, Evans, Matthew, additional, Evans, Tom M., additional, Feicht, Jon, additional, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, additional, Fritschel, Peter, additional, Frolov, Valery V., additional, Fulda, Paul, additional, Fyffe, Michael, additional, Giaime, Joe A., additional, Giardina, Dwayne D., additional, Godwin, Patrick, additional, Goetz, Evan, additional, Gras, Slawomir, additional, Gray, Corey, additional, Gray, Rachel, additional, Green, Anna C., additional, Gupta, Anchal, additional, Gustafson, Eric K., additional, Gustafson, Dick, additional, Hall, Evan, additional, Hanks, Jonathan, additional, Hanson, Joe, additional, Hardwick, Terra, additional, Hasskew, Raine K., additional, Heintze, Matthew C., additional, Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F., additional, Holland, Nathan A., additional, Izmui, Kiamu, additional, Jia, Wenxuan, additional, Jones, Jeff D., additional, Kandhasamy, Shivaraj, additional, Karki, Sudarshan, additional, Kasprzack, Marie, additional, Kawabe, Keita, additional, Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee, additional, King, Peter J., additional, Kissel, Jeffrey S., additional, Kumar, Rahul, additional, Landry, Michael, additional, Lane, Benjamin B., additional, Lantz, Brian, additional, Laxen, Michael, additional, Lecoeuche, Yannick K., additional, Leviton, Jessica, additional, Jian, Liu, additional, Lormand, Marc, additional, Lundgren, Andrew P., additional, Macas, Ronaldas, additional, Macinnis, Myron, additional, Macleod, Duncan M., additional, Mansell, Georgia L., additional, Marka, Szabolcs, additional, Marka, Zsuzsanna, additional, Martynov, Denis V., additional, Mason, Ken, additional, Massinger, Thomas J., additional, Matichard, Fabrice, additional, Mavalvala, Nergis, additional, McCarthy, Richard, additional, McClelland, David E., additional, McCormick, Scott, additional, McCuller, Lee, additional, McIver, Jessica, additional, McRae, Terry, additional, Mendell, Gregory, additional, Merfeld, Kara, additional, Merilh, Edmond L., additional, Meylahn, Fabian, additional, Mistry, Timesh, additional, Mittleman, Richard, additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Mow-Lowry, Conor M., additional, Mozzon, Simone, additional, Mullavey, Adam, additional, Nelson, Timothy J., additional, Nguyen, Philippe, additional, Nuttall, Laura K., additional, Oberling, Jason, additional, Oram, Richard J., additional, Osthelder, Charles, additional, Ottaway, David J., additional, Overmier, Harry, additional, Palamos, Jordan R., additional, Parker, William, additional, Payne, Ethan, additional, Pele, Arnaud, additional, Penhorwood, Reilly, additional, Perez, Carlos J., additional, Pirello, Marc, additional, Radkins, Hugh, additional, Ramirez, Karla E., additional, Richardson, Jonathan W., additional, Riles, Keith, additional, Robertson, Norna A., additional, Rollins, Jameson G., additional, Romel, Chandra L., additional, Romie, Janeen H., additional, Ross, Michael P., additional, Ryan, Kyle, additional, Sadecki, Travis, additional, Sanchez, Eduardo J., additional, Sanchez, Luis E., additional, Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R., additional, Savage, Richard L., additional, Schaetzl, Dean, additional, Schnabel, Roman, additional, Schofield, Robert M., additional, Schwartz, Eyal, additional, Sellers, Danny, additional, Shaffer, Thomas, additional, Sigg, Daniel, additional, Slagmolen, Bram J., additional, Smith, Joshua R., additional, Soni, Siddharth, additional, Sorazu, Borja, additional, Spencer, Andrew P., additional, Strain, Ken A., additional, Sun, Ling, additional, Szczepanczyk, Marek J., additional, Thomas, Michael, additional, Thomas, Patrick, additional, Thorne, Keith A., additional, Toland, Karl, additional, Torrie, Calum I., additional, Traylor, Gary, additional, Tse, Maggie, additional, Urban, Alexander L., additional, Valdes, Guillermo, additional, Vander-Hyde, Daniel C., additional, Veitch, Peter J., additional, Venkateswara, Krishna, additional, Venugopalan, Gautam, additional, Viets, Aaron D., additional, Vo, Thomas, additional, Vorvick, Cheryl, additional, Wade, Madeline, additional, Ward, Robert L., additional, Warner, Jim, additional, Weaver, Betsy, additional, Weiss, Rainer, additional, Whittle, Chris, additional, Willke, Benno, additional, Wipf, Christopher C., additional, Xiao, Liting, additional, Yu, Hang, additional, Yu, Haocun, additional, Zhang, Liyuan, additional, Zucker, Michael E., additional, and Zweizig, John, additional

Published
2021
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20. Full band all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the O1 LIGO data

Author

Abbott, Benjamin P., Abbott, Rich, Abbott, Thomas D., Acernese, Fausto, Ackley, Kendall, Adams, Carl, Adams, Thomas, Addesso, Paolo, Adhikari, Rana X., Adya, Vaishali B., Affeldt, Christoph, Afrough, Mohammad, Agarwal, Bhanu, Agathos, Michalis, Agatsuma, Kazuhiro, Aggarwal, Nancy, Aguiar, Odylio D., Aiello, Lorenzo, Ain, Anirban, Allen, Bruce, Allen, Gabrielle, Allocca, Annalisa, Altin, Paul A., Amato, Alex, Ananyeva, Alena, Anderson, Stuart B., Anderson, Warren G., Angelova, Svetoslava V., Antier, Sarah, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Araya, Melody C., Areeda, Joseph S., Arnaud, Nicolas, Ascenzi, Stefano, Ashton, Gregory, Ast, M., Aston, Stuart M., Astone, Pia, Atallah, Dany V., Aufmuth, Peter, Aulbert, Carsten, AultONeal, K., Austin, Corey, Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, Stanislav, Bacon, Philippe, Bader, Maria K.M., Bae, Sangwook, Baker, Paul T., Baldaccini, Francesca, Ballardin, Giulio, Ballmer, Stefan W., Banagiri, Sharan, Barayoga, Juan C., Barclay, Sheena E., Barish, Barry C., Barker, David, Barkett, Kevin, Barone, Fabrizio, Barr, Bryan, Barsotti, Lisa, Barsuglia, Matteo, Barta, Daniel, Bartlett, Jeffrey, Bartos, Imre, Bassiri, Riccardo, Basti, Andrea, Batch, James C., Bawaj, Mateusz, Bayley, Joseph C., Bazzan, Marco, Bécsy, Bence, Beer, Christian, Bejger, Michal, Belahcene, Imene, Bell, Angus S., Berger, Beverly K., Bergmann, Gerald, Bero, John J., Berry, Christopher P.L., Bersanetti, Diego, Bertolini, Alessandro, Betzwieser, Joseph, Bhagwat, Swetha, Bhandare, Rohan, Bilenko, Igor A., Billingsley, Garilynn, Billman, Chris R., Birch, Jeremy, Birney, Ross, Birnholtz, Ofek, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Bisht, Aparna, Bitossi, Massimiliano, Biwer, Christopher, Bizouard, Marieanne A., Blackburn, J.K., Blackman, Jonathan, Blair, Carl D., Blair, David G., Blair, Ryan M., Bloemen, Steven, Bock, Oliver, Bode, Nina, Boer, Michel, Bogaert, Gilles, Bohe, Alejandro, Bondu, Francois, Bonilla, Edgard, Bonnand, Romain, Boom, Boris A., Bork, Rolf, Boschi, Valerio, Bose, Sukanta, Bossie, Ken, Bouffanais, Yann, Bozzi, Antonella, Bradaschia, Carlo, Brady, Patrick R., Branchesi, Marica, Brau, Jim E., Briant, Tristan, Brillet, Alain, Brinkmann, Marc, Brisson, Violette, Brockill, Patrick, Broida, Jacob E., Brooks, Aidan F., Brown, Duncan A., Brown, Daniel D., Brunett, Sharon, Buchanan, Christopher C., Buikema, Aaron, Bulik, Tomasz, Bulten, Henk J., Buonanno, Alessandra, Buskulic, Damir, Buy, Christelle, Byer, Robert L., Cabero, Miriam, Cadonati, Laura, Cagnoli, Giampietro, Cahillane, Craig, Calderón Bustillo, J., Callister, Thomas A., Calloni, Enrico, Camp, Jordan B., Canepa, Maurizio, Canizares, Priscilla, Cannon, Kipp C., Cao, H., Cao, Junwei, Capano, Collin D., Capocasa, Eleonora, Carbognani, Franco, Caride, Santiago, Carney, Matthew F., Casanueva Diaz, J., Casentini, Claudio, Caudill, Sarah, Cavaglià, Marco, Cavalier, Fabien, Cavalieri, Roberto, Cella, Giancarlo, Cepeda, Christian B., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cerretani, Giovanni, Cesarini, Elisabetta, Chamberlin, Sydney J., Chan, Manleong, Chao, Shiuh, Charlton, Philip, Chase, Eve, Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, Deep, Cheeseboro, Belinda D., Chen, H.Y., Chen, Xu, Chen, Yanbei, Cheng, H.-P., Chia, Hanyu Y., Chincarini, Andrea, Chiummo, Antonino, Chmiel, Theresa, Cho, Heesuk S., Cho, M., Chow, Jong H., Christensen, Nelson, Chu, Qi, Chua, Alvin J.K., Chua, Sheon, Chung, A.K.W., Chung, Shinkee, Ciani, Giacomo, Ciecielag, P., Ciolfi, Riccardo, Cirelli, Carissa E., Cirone, Alessio, Clara, Filiberto, Clark, James A., Clearwater, Patrick, Cleva, Frederic, Cocchieri, Camillo, Coccia, Eugenio, Cohadon, P.-F., Cohen, David, Colla, Alberto, Collette, Christophe G., Cominsky, Lynn R., Constancio, M., Conti, Livia, Cooper, Sam J., Corban, Paul, Corbitt, Thomas R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corley, Kenneth R., Cornish, Neil, Corsi, Alessandra, Cortese, Stefano, Costa, Cesar A., Coughlin, Eric T., Coughlin, Michael W., Coughlin, Scott B., Coulon, J.-P., Countryman, Stefan T., Couvares, Peter, Covas, Pep B., Cowan, Erika E., Coward, David M., Cowart, Matthew J., Coyne, Dennis C., Coyne, Robert, Creighton, Jolien D.E., Creighton, Teviet D., Cripe, Jonathan, Crowder, Sgwynne G., Cullen, Torrey J., Cumming, Alan, Cunningham, Liam, Cuoco, Elena, Dal Canton, Tito, Dálya, Gergely, Danilishin, Stefan L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, Karsten, Dasgupta, Arnab, Da Silva Costa, C.F., Dattilo, Vincenzo, Dave, Ishant, Davier, Michel, Davis, Derek, Daw, Edward J., Day, Brian, De, Soumi, Debra, D., Degallaix, Jerome, De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, Samuel, Del Pozzo, W., Demos, Nicholas, Denker, Timo, Dent, Thomas, De Pietri, R., Dergachev, Vladimir, De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R.T., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., de Varona, O., Devenson, Jan, Dhurandhar, Sanjeev, Díaz, Mario C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Doctor, Zoheyr, Dolique, Vincent, Donovan, Fred, Dooley, Katherine L., Doravari, Suresh, Dorosh, O., Dorrington, Iain, Douglas, Rebecca, Dovale Álvarez, M., Downes, Thomas P., Drago, Marco, Dreissigacker, Christoph, Driggers, Jenne C., Du, Zhihui, Ducrot, Marine, Dupej, Peter, Dwyer, Sheila E., Edo, Tega B., Edwards, Matthew C., Effler, Anamaria, Eggenstein, H.-B., Ehrens, Phil, Eichholz, Johannes, Eikenberry, Stephen S., Eisenstein, Robert A., Essick, Reed C., Estevez, Dimitri, Etienne, Zachariah B., Etzel, Todd, Evans, Matthew, Evans, Tom M., Factourovich, Maxim, Fafone, Viviana, Fair, Hannah, Fairhurst, Stephen, Fan, Xilong, Farinon, Stefania, Farr, Benjamin, Farr, Will M., Fauchon-Jones, E.J., Favata, Marc, Fays, Maxime, Fee, Campbell, Fehrmann, Henning, Feicht, Jon, Fejer, Martin M., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, Isidoro, Ferreira, Elvis C., Ferrini, Federico, Fidecaro, Francesco, Finstad, Daniel, Fiori, Irene, Fiorucci, Donatella, Fishbach, Maya, Fisher, Ryan P., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, Raffaele, Fletcher, Mark, Fong, Heather, Font, J.A., Forsyth, Perry W.F., Forsyth, Steven S., Fournier, J.-D., Frasca, Sergio, Frasconi, Franco, Frei, Zsolt, Freise, Andreas, Frey, Raymond, Frey, Valentin, Fries, Eric M., Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery V., Fulda, Paul, Fyffe, Michael, Gabbard, Hunter, Gadre, Bhooshan U., Gaebel, Sebastian M., Gair, Jonathan R., Gammaitoni, Luca, Ganija, Miftar R., Gaonkar, Sharad G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, Fabio, Gateley, B., Gaudio, Sergio, Gaur, Gurudatt, Gayathri, V., Gehrels, Neil, Gemme, Gianluca, Genin, Eric, Gennai, Alberto, George, Daniel, George, Jogy, Gergely, Laszlo, Germain, Vincent, Ghonge, Sudarshan, Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Giaime, Joe A., Giardina, K.D., Giazotto, Adalberto, Gill, Kiranjyot, Glover, Lamar, Goetz, Evan, Goetz, Ryan, Gomes, Sandra, Goncharov, Boris, González, Gabriela, Gonzalez Castro, J.M., Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, Michael L., Gossan, Sarah E., GOSSELIN, Matthieu, Gouaty, Romain, Grado, Aniello, Graef, Christian, Granata, Massimo, Grant, Alastair, Gras, Slawomir, Gray, Corey, Greco, Giuseppe, Green, Anna C., Gretarsson, Elizabeth M., Groot, Paul, Grote, Hartmut, Grunewald, Steffen, Gruning, Pierre, Guidi, Gianluca M., Guo, Xiangyu, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Manojipr K., Gushwa, Kaitlin E., Gustafson, Eric K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, Bernard R., Hall, Evan D., Hamilton, Eleanor Z., Hammond, Giles, Haney, Maria, Hanke, Manuela M., Hanks, Jonathan, Hanna, Chad, Hannam, Mark D., Hannuksela, Otto A., Hanson, Joe, Hardwick, Terra, Harms, Jan, Harry, Gregg M., Harry, Ian W., Hart, Martin J., Haster, C.-J., Haughian, Karen, Healy, James, Heidmann, Antoine, Heintze, Matthew C., Heitmann, Henrich, Hello, Patrice, Hemming, Gary, Hendry, Martin, Heng, I.S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, Alastair W., Heurs, Michele, Hild, Stefan, Hinderer, Tanja, Hoak, Daniel, Hofman, David, Holt, Kathy, Holz, Daniel E., Hopkins, Paul, Horst, Christian, Hough, James, Houston, Ewan A., Howell, Eric J., Hreibi, A., Hu, Yiming M., Huerta, Eliu A., Huet, Dominique, Hughey, Brennan, Husa, Sascha, Huttner, Sabina H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Indik, Nathaniel, Inta, Ra, Intini, Giuseppe, Isa, Hafizah N., Isac, J.-M., Isi, Max, Iyer, Bala R., Izumi, Kiwamu, Jacqmin, Thibaut, Jani, Karan, Jaranowski, Piotr, Jawahar, Sharat, Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, Warren W., Jones, D.I., Jones, Russell, Jonker, Reinier J.G., Ju, L., Junker, Jonas, Kalaghatgi, Chinmay V., Kalogera, Vassiliki, Kamai, Brittany, Kandhasamy, Shivaraj, Kang, Gungwon, Kanner, Jonah B., Kapadia, Shasvath J., Karki, Sudarshan, Karvinen, Kai S., Kasprzack, Marie, Katolik, Michael, Katsavounidis, Erik, Katzman, William, Kaufer, Steffen, Kawabe, Keita, Kéfélian, Fabien, Keitel, David, Kemball, Athol J., Kennedy, Ross, Kent, Christopher, Key, Joey S., Khalili, Farit Y., Khan, I., Khan, Sebastian, Khan, Ziauddin, Khazanov, Efim A., Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee, Kim, Chunglee, Kim, Jeongcho C., Kim, Kyungmin, Kim, Won, Kim, Whansun S., Kim, Y.-M., Kimbrell, Seth J., King, Eleanor J., King, Peter J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, Robin, Kissel, Jeffrey S., Kleybolte, Lisa, Klimenko, Sergei, Knowles, Tyler D., Koch, Philip, Koehlenbeck, Sina M., Koley, Soumen, Kondrashov, Veronica, Kontos, Antonios, Korobko, Mikhail, Korth, William Z., Kowalska, Izabela, Kozak, Dan B., Krämer, Christina, Kringel, Volker, Krishnan, Badri, Królak, Andrzej, Kuehn, Gerrit, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Sumit, Kuo, L., Kutynia, Adam, Kwang, Shawn, Lackey, Benjamin D., Lai, K.H., Landry, Michael, Lang, Ryan N., Lange, Jacob, Lantz, Brian, Lanza, Robert K., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, Paul D., Laxen, Michael, Lazzarini, Albert, Lazzaro, Claudia, Leaci, Paola, Leavey, Sean, Lee, C.H., Lee, Hyunkyu K., Lee, H.M., Lee, Hyungwon W., Lee, K., Lehmann, Johannes, Lenon, Amber, Leonardi, Matteo, Leroy, Nicolas, Letendre, Nicolas, Levin, Yuri, Li, Tjonnie G.F., Linker, Seth D., Littenberg, Tyson B., Liu, J., Lo, R.K.L., Lockerbie, Nick A., London, Lionel T., Lord, Jaysin E., Lorenzini, Matteo, Loriette, Vincent, Lormand, Marc, Losurdo, Giovanni, Lough, James D., Lovelace, Geoffrey, Lück, Harald, Lumaca, Diana, Lundgren, Andrew P., Lynch, Ryan, Ma, Y., Macas, Ronaldas, Macfoy, Sean, Machenschalk, Bernd, Macinnis, M., Macleod, Duncan M., Magaña Hernandez, I., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magaña Zertuche, L., Magee, Ryan M., Majorana, Ettore, Maksimovic, Ivan, Man, N., Mandic, Vuk, Mangano, Valentina, Mansell, Georgia L., Manske, Michael, Mantovani, Maddalena, Marchesoni, Fabio, Marion, Frederique, Márka, Szabolcs, Márka, Zsuzsanna, Markakis, Charalampos, Markosyan, Ashot S., Markowitz, Aaron, Maros, E., Marquina, Antonio, Martelli, Filippo, Martellini, Lionel, Martin, Ian W., Martin, Rodica M., Martynov, Denis V., Mason, Ken, Massera, Elena, Masserot, Alain, Massinger, Thomas J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, Simone, Matas, Andrew, Matichard, Fabrice, Matone, Luca, Mavalvala, Nergis, Mazumder, Nairwita, McCarthy, R., Mcclelland, D.E., Mccormick, S., McCuller, L., McGuire, S.C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., McManus, David J., McNeill, L., McRae, T., McWilliams, S.T., Meacher, Duncan, Meadors, Grant D., Mehmet, Moritz, Meidam, Jeroen, Mejuto-Villa, E., Melatos, Andrew, Mendell, Gregory, Mercer, R.A., Merilh, Edmond L., Merzougui, Mourad, Meshkov, Syd, Messenger, Chris, Messick, Cody, Metzdorff, R., Meyers, Patrick M., Miao, Haixing, Michel, Christophe, Middleton, Hannah, Mikhailov, Eugeniy E., Milano, Leopoldo, Miller, Andrewlawrence L., Miller, Brandon B., Miller, John, Millhouse, Meg, Milovich-Goff, M.C., Minazzoli, Olivier, Minenkov, Yuri, Ming, Jing, Mishra, Chandra, Mitra, Sanjit, Mitrofanov, Valery P., Mitselmakher, Guenakh, Mittleman, Richard, Moffa, Donald, Moggi, Andrea, Mogushi, Kentaro, Mohan, Martin, Mohapatra, S.R.P., Montani, Matteo, Moore, Christopher J., Moraru, Dan, Moreno, Gerardo, Morriss, Sean R., Mours, Benoit, Mow-Lowry, C.M., Mueller, Guido, Muir, Alistair W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, Debnandini, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukund, Nikhil, Mullavey, Adam, Munch, Jesper, Muñiz, Erik A., Muratore, Martina, Murray, 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Macleod, Duncan M., Magaña Hernandez, I., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magaña Zertuche, L., Magee, Ryan M., Majorana, Ettore, Maksimovic, Ivan, Man, N., Mandic, Vuk, Mangano, Valentina, Mansell, Georgia L., Manske, Michael, Mantovani, Maddalena, Marchesoni, Fabio, Marion, Frederique, Márka, Szabolcs, Márka, Zsuzsanna, Markakis, Charalampos, Markosyan, Ashot S., Markowitz, Aaron, Maros, E., Marquina, Antonio, Martelli, Filippo, Martellini, Lionel, Martin, Ian W., Martin, Rodica M., Martynov, Denis V., Mason, Ken, Massera, Elena, Masserot, Alain, Massinger, Thomas J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, Simone, Matas, Andrew, Matichard, Fabrice, Matone, Luca, Mavalvala, Nergis, Mazumder, Nairwita, McCarthy, R., Mcclelland, D.E., Mccormick, S., McCuller, L., McGuire, S.C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., McManus, David J., McNeill, L., McRae, T., McWilliams, S.T., Meacher, Duncan, Meadors, Grant D., Mehmet, Moritz, Meidam, Jeroen, Mejuto-Villa, E., Melatos, Andrew, Mendell, Gregory, Mercer, R.A., Merilh, Edmond L., Merzougui, Mourad, Meshkov, Syd, Messenger, Chris, Messick, Cody, Metzdorff, R., Meyers, Patrick M., Miao, Haixing, Michel, Christophe, Middleton, Hannah, Mikhailov, Eugeniy E., Milano, Leopoldo, Miller, Andrewlawrence L., Miller, Brandon B., Miller, John, Millhouse, Meg, Milovich-Goff, M.C., Minazzoli, Olivier, Minenkov, Yuri, Ming, Jing, Mishra, Chandra, Mitra, Sanjit, Mitrofanov, Valery P., Mitselmakher, Guenakh, Mittleman, Richard, Moffa, Donald, Moggi, Andrea, Mogushi, Kentaro, Mohan, Martin, Mohapatra, S.R.P., Montani, Matteo, Moore, Christopher J., Moraru, Dan, Moreno, Gerardo, Morriss, Sean R., Mours, Benoit, Mow-Lowry, C.M., Mueller, Guido, Muir, Alistair W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, Debnandini, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukund, Nikhil, Mullavey, Adam, Munch, Jesper, Muñiz, Erik A., Muratore, Martina, Murray, Peter G., Napier, Kate, Nardecchia, Ilaria, Naticchioni, Luca, Nayak, Rajesh K., Neilson, Joshua, Nelemans, Gijs, Nelson, Timothy J.N., Nery, Marina, Neunzert, Ansel, Nevin, Lydia, Newport, Jonathan M., Newton, Gavin, Ng, K.Y., Nguyen, Thanh T., Nichols, David, Nielsen, Alex B., Nissanke, Samaya, Nitz, Alex, Noack, Andreas, Nocera, Flavio, Nolting, David, North, Chris, Nuttall, Laura K., Oberling, Jason, O'Dea, G.D., Ogin, Greg H., Oh, John J., Oh, Sanghoon H., Ohme, Frank, Okada, Marcos A., Oliver, Miquel, Oppermann, Patrick, Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, Rich, Ortega, Luis F., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, Serguei, Ottaway, David J., Overmier, Harry, Owen, Ben J., Pace, Alexander E., Page, Jessica, Page, Michael A., Pai, Archana, Pai, Siddhesh A., Palamos, Jordan R., Palashov, Oleg, Palomba, Cristiano, Pal-Singh, A., Pan, Howard, Pan, Huang-Wei, Pang, Belinda, Pang, P.T.H., Pankow, Chris, Pannarale, Francesco, Pant, Brijesh C., Paoletti, Federico, PAOLI, Andrea, Papa, Maria A., Parida, Abhishek, Parker, William, Pascucci, Daniela, Pasqualetti, Antonio, Passaquieti, Roberto, Passuello, Diego, Patil, M., Patricelli, Barbara, 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Abstract

We report on a new all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency band 475-2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [-1.0,+0.1]×10-8 Hz/s. Potential signals could be produced by a nearby spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the data from Advanced LIGO's first observational run O1. No gravitational-wave signals were observed, and upper limits were placed on their strengths. For completeness, results from the separately published low-frequency search 20-475 Hz are included as well. Our lowest upper limit on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h0 is ∼4×10-25 near 170 Hz, while at the high end of our frequency range, we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 1.3×10-24. For a circularly polarized source (most favorable orientation), the smallest upper limit obtained is ∼1.5×10-25. © 2018 American Physical Society.

Published
2018

21. Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

Author

Coughlin, Michael W., primary, Cirone, Alessio, additional, Meyers, Patrick, additional, Atsuta, Sho, additional, Boschi, Valerio, additional, Chincarini, Andrea, additional, Christensen, Nelson L., additional, De Rosa, Rosario, additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Fiori, Irene, additional, Gołkowski, Mark, additional, Guidry, Melissa, additional, Harms, Jan, additional, Hayama, Kazuhiro, additional, Kataoka, Yuu, additional, Kubisz, Jerzy, additional, Kulak, Andrzej, additional, Laxen, Michael, additional, Matas, Andrew, additional, Mlynarczyk, Janusz, additional, Ogawa, Tsutomu, additional, Paoletti, Federico, additional, Salvador, Jacobo, additional, Schofield, Robert, additional, Somiya, Kentaro, additional, and Thrane, Eric, additional

Published
2018
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22. The advanced LIGO input optics

Author

Mueller, Chris L., primary, Arain, Muzammil A., additional, Ciani, Giacomo, additional, DeRosa, Ryan. T., additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Feldbaum, David, additional, Frolov, Valery V., additional, Fulda, Paul, additional, Gleason, Joseph, additional, Heintze, Matthew, additional, Kawabe, Keita, additional, King, Eleanor J., additional, Kokeyama, Keiko, additional, Korth, William Z., additional, Martin, Rodica M., additional, Mullavey, Adam, additional, Peold, Jan, additional, Quetschke, Volker, additional, Reitze, David H., additional, Tanner, David B., additional, Vorvick, Cheryl, additional, Williams, Luke F., additional, and Mueller, Guido, additional

Published
2016
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23. Observation of Parametric Instability in Advanced LIGO

Author

Evans, Matthew, primary, Gras, Slawek, additional, Fritschel, Peter, additional, Miller, John, additional, Barsotti, Lisa, additional, Martynov, Denis, additional, Brooks, Aidan, additional, Coyne, Dennis, additional, Abbott, Rich, additional, Adhikari, Rana X., additional, Arai, Koji, additional, Bork, Rolf, additional, Kells, Bill, additional, Rollins, Jameson, additional, Smith-Lefebvre, Nicolas, additional, Vajente, Gabriele, additional, Yamamoto, Hiroaki, additional, Adams, Carl, additional, Aston, Stuart, additional, Betzweiser, Joseph, additional, Frolov, Valera, additional, Mullavey, Adam, additional, Pele, Arnaud, additional, Romie, Janeen, additional, Thomas, Michael, additional, Thorne, Keith, additional, Dwyer, Sheila, additional, Izumi, Kiwamu, additional, Kawabe, Keita, additional, Sigg, Daniel, additional, Derosa, Ryan, additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Kokeyama, Keiko, additional, Ballmer, Stefan, additional, Massinger, Thomas J., additional, Staley, Alexa, additional, Heinze, Matthew, additional, Mueller, Chris, additional, Grote, Hartmut, additional, Ward, Robert, additional, King, Eleanor, additional, Blair, David, additional, Ju, Li, additional, and Zhao, Chunnong, additional

Published
2015
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24. Measurement and subtraction of Schumann resonances at gravitational-wave interferometers

Author

Mark Golkowski, Jan Harms, Kentaro Somiya, Andrew Matas, Andrea Chincarini, F. Paoletti, Andrzej Kulak, Jerzy Kubisz, Eric Thrane, Jacobo Salvador, Michael W. Coughlin, Melissa A. Guidry, Michael Laxen, Janusz Mlynarczyk, Irene Fiori, P. M. Meyers, R. M. S. Schofield, Yuu Kataoka, V. Boschi, Tsutomu Ogawa, A. Effler, Nelson Christensen, Rosario De Rosa, A. Cirone, Sho Atsuta, Kazuhiro Hayama, Coughlin, Michael W., Cirone, Alessio, Meyers, Patrick, Atsuta, Sho, Boschi, Valerio, Chincarini, Andrea, Christensen, Nelson L., De Rosa, Rosario, Effler, Anamaria, Fiori, Irene, Gołkowski, Mark, Guidry, Melissa, Harms, Jan, Hayama, Kazuhiro, Kataoka, Yuu, Kubisz, Jerzy, Kulak, Andrzej, Laxen, Michael, Matas, Andrew, Mlynarczyk, Janusz, Ogawa, Tsutomu, Paoletti, Federico, Salvador, Jacobo, Schofield, Robert, Somiya, Kentaro, Thrane, Eric, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
gravitational radiation: stochastic, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Magnetometer, interferometer, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), detector: network, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, site, KAGRA, LIGO, 010306 general physics, Physics, Schumann resonances, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: background, Detector, noise: magnetic, gravitational radiation detector, coherence, Interferometry, VIRGO, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

International audience; Correlated magnetic noise from Schumann resonances threatens to contaminate the observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in interferometric detectors. In previous work, we reported on the first effort to eliminate global correlated noise from the Schumann resonances using Wiener filtering, demonstrating as much as a factor of two reduction in the coherence between magnetometers on different continents. In this work, we present results from dedicated magnetometer measurements at the Virgo and KAGRA sites, which are the first results for subtraction using data from gravitational-wave detector sites. We compare these measurements to a growing network of permanent magnetometer stations, including at the LIGO sites. We show the effect of mutual magnetometer attraction, arguing that magnetometers should be placed at least one meter from one another. In addition, for the first time, we show how dedicated measurements by magnetometers near to the interferometers can reduce coherence to a level consistent with uncorrelated noise, making a potential detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background possible.

Published
2018
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