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1. Comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccine responses and third booster dose-induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants

Author

Milja Belik, Pinja Jalkanen, Rickard Lundberg, Arttu Reinholm, Larissa Laine, Elina Väisänen, Marika Skön, Paula A. Tähtinen, Lauri Ivaska, Sari H. Pakkanen, Hanni K. Häkkinen, Eeva Ortamo, Arja Pasternack, Mikael A. Ritvos, Rauno A. Naves, Simo Miettinen, Tarja Sironen, Olli Vapalahti, Olli Ritvos, Pamela Österlund, Anu Kantele, Johanna Lempainen, Laura Kakkola, Pekka Kolehmainen, and Ilkka Julkunen

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Vaccination shows efficacy in protecting from COVID-19, but regime and dosing optimization is still ongoing. Here the authors show that BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or their combination with ChAdOx1 induces similar antibody responses, and those receiving three doses of BNT162b2 induce neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant.

Published
2022
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2. Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Of-Concern Six Months after the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Author

Pinja Jalkanen, Pekka Kolehmainen, Anu Haveri, Moona Huttunen, Larissa Laine, Pamela Österlund, Paula A. Tähtinen, Lauri Ivaska, Sari Maljanen, Arttu Reinholm, Milja Belik, Teemu Smura, Hanni K. Häkkinen, Eeva Ortamo, Anu Kantele, Ilkka Julkunen, Johanna Lempainen, and Laura Kakkola

Subjects
COVID-19, coronavirus, vaccines, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has raised concern about increased transmissibility, infectivity, and immune evasion from a vaccine and infection-induced immune responses. Although COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have proven to be highly effective against severe COVID-19 disease, the decrease in vaccine efficacy against emerged Beta and Delta variants emphasizes the need for constant monitoring of new virus lineages and studies on the persistence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. To analyze the dynamics of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced antibody responses, we followed 52 health care workers in Finland for 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine with a 3-week interval. We demonstrate that, although anti-S1 antibody levels decrease 2.3-fold compared to peak antibody levels, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist for months after BNT162b2 vaccination. Variants D614G, Alpha, and Eta are neutralized by sera of 100% of vaccinees, whereas neutralization of Delta is 3.8-fold reduced and neutralization of Beta is 5.8-fold reduced compared to D614G. Despite this reduction, 85% of sera collected 6 months postvaccination neutralizes Delta variant. IMPORTANCE A decrease in vaccine efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants has increased the importance of assessing the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. Our data show that after 6 months post two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, antibody levels decrease yet remain detectable and capable of neutralizing emerging variants. By monitoring the vaccine-induced antibody responses, vaccination strategies and administration of booster doses can be optimized.

Published
2022
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3. Comparative analysis of COVID-19 vaccine responses and third booster dose-induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants

Author

Milja, Belik, Pinja, Jalkanen, Rickard, Lundberg, Arttu, Reinholm, Larissa, Laine, Elina, Väisänen, Marika, Skön, Paula A, Tähtinen, Lauri, Ivaska, Sari H, Pakkanen, Hanni K, Häkkinen, Eeva, Ortamo, Arja, Pasternack, Mikael A, Ritvos, Rauno A, Naves, Simo, Miettinen, Tarja, Sironen, Olli, Vapalahti, Olli, Ritvos, Pamela, Österlund, Anu, Kantele, Johanna, Lempainen, Laura, Kakkola, Pekka, Kolehmainen, Ilkka, Julkunen, University of Helsinki, Infektiosairauksien yksikkö, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Medicum, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Virology, HUSLAB, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Emerging Infections Research Group, Veterinary Biosciences, Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, Growth factor physiology, and Department of Medicine

Subjects
Vaccines, Synthetic, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, MULTICENTER, COVID-19, Antibodies, Viral, IMMUNOGENICITY, Antibodies, Neutralizing, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Humans, BNT162B2, mRNA Vaccines, BNT162 Vaccine, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Abstract

Vaccination shows efficacy in protecting from COVID-19, but regime and dosing optimization is still ongoing. Here the authors show that BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or their combination with ChAdOx1 induces similar antibody responses, and those receiving three doses of BNT162b2 induce neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant. Two COVID-19 mRNA (of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) and two adenovirus vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 and Janssen) are licensed in Europe, but optimization of regime and dosing is still ongoing. Here we show in health care workers (n = 328) that two doses of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or a combination of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines administrated with a long 12-week dose interval induce equally high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against D614 and Delta variant. By contrast, two doses of BNT162b2 with a short 3-week interval induce 2-3-fold lower titers of neutralizing antibodies than those from the 12-week interval, yet a third BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster dose increases the antibody levels 4-fold compared to the levels after the second dose, as well as induces neutralizing antibody against Omicron BA.1 variant. Our data thus indicates that a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may induce cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants.

Published
2022

4. Comparative analysis of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine induced antibody responses and the 3rd BNT162b2 vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron variants

Author

Milja Belik, Pinja Jalkanen, Rickard Lundberg, Arttu Reinholm, Larissa Laine, Elina Väisänen, Marika Skön, Paula Tähtinen, Lauri Ivaska, Sari Pakkanen, Hanni Häkkinen, Eeva Ortamo, Arja Pasternack, Mikael Ritvos, Rauno Naves, Simo Miettinen, Tarja Sironen, Olli Vapalathti, Olli Ritvos, Pamela Osterlund, Anu Kantele, Johanna Lempainen, Laura Kakkola, Pekka Kolehmainen, and Ilkka Julkunen

Abstract

Two COVID-19 mRNA and two adenovirus vector vaccines have been licensed in Europe and various vaccine combinations and dosing strategies have been exploited to maximize the immunity against COVID-19. Here, we show that among health care workers (n=328) two doses of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or ChAdOx1 as also a combination of an adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines induces equally high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against B.1 and B.1.617.2 when administrated with a long 12-week dose interval. Two doses of BNT162b2 with a short 3-week interval induce 2-3-fold lower titers of neutralizing antibodies compared to the long interval. Third mRNA vaccine dose for the short dose interval group increased the antibody levels 4-fold compared to the levels after the second dose. Importantly, sera from all three-times vaccinated neutralized B.1.1.529 (Omicron). The data indicates that a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose efficiently induces cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants.

Published
2022

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