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Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 28, 2, 7

Bahasa ibu atau bahasa pertama mahasiswa dapat mempengaruhi pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin.Penelitian ini secara umum membahas mengenai pengaruh bahasa Madura terhadap pembelajaran bahasaMandarin mahasiswa prodi Sastra Cina FIB UB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, denganmembagikan kuisioner dan melakukan wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,terdapat beberapa vokal, konsonan, nada, dan diftong yang diucapkan mendapat pengaruh dari bahasa Madurasebagai bahasa ibu penutur. Antara lain, vokal (e dan ü), konsonan (k,z,c,s,zh,j dan t), diftong (iu, üe dan ao) dannada 3 dan 4. Data ini diperoleh dari 13 mahasiswa penutur bahasa Madura dari jumlah total 231 mahasiswaSastra Cina FIB UB. Dengan demikian, bahasa Madura mempengaruhi pembelajara bahasa Mandarin. Hal inikarena terdapat beberapa vokal, konsonan, dan diftong bahasa Mandarin yang tidak terdapat pada bahasaMadura.Sehingga menyulitkan penutur bahasa Madura mengucapkan bahasa Mandarin dengan baik dan benar.Kata kunci : Pembelajaran; Bahasa Mandarin; Bahasa Madura

Kampung Biru Arema is one of thematic tourist villages in the city of Malang which provides economic benefits to the residents. The potential development of Kampung Biru is also supported by its strategic location. However, people have difficulty in communicating with foreign tourists due to their limited English speaking competence. Related to this problem, the community service is aimed at improving the quality of human resources by providing foreign language training (English and Chinese). The training was given for two months (June - July 2019). The results showed an improvement in the trainees’ skills and confidence in communicating in English. In addition, the team also have completed writing a booklet that can be used as a reference whenever the residents have difficulties in communication practices with foreign tourists visiting Kampung Biru Arema Malang., Kampung Biru Arema sebagai salah satu kampung wisata tematik di kota Malang memberi manfaat ekonomi kepada warga. Potensi pengembangan Kampung Biru juga didukung oleh letak yang strategis. Akan tetapi, masyarakat mempunyai kesulitan untuk berkomunikasi dengan wisatawan asing. Terkait dengan permasalahan tersebut, kegiatan pengabdian di kampung biru arema bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya masyarakat dengan memberi pelatihan bahasa asing (Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Mandarin). Pelatihan diberikan selama dua bulan, yaitu bualan Juni dan Juli 2019. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ketrampilan dan kepercayaan diri peserta pelatihan dalam berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Inggris.Selain itu, tim pengabdian juga berhasil menyusun buku saku yang dapat digunakan sebagai pegangan ketika menghadapi kesulitan dalam praktek komunikasi dengan wisatawan asing yang berkunjung ke Kampung Biru Arema Malang.

Conversion of lowland tropical rainforests to intensely fertilized agricultural land-use systems such as oil palm ($\textit{Elaeis guineensis}$) plantations leads to changes in nitrogen (N) cycling. Although soil microbial-driven N dynamics has been largely studied, the role of the plant as a major component in N uptake has rarely been considered. We address this gap by comparing the root N contents and uptake in lowland rainforests with that in oil palm plantations on Sumatra, Indonesia. To this aim, we applied $^{15}$N-labeled ammonium to intact soil, measured the $^{15}$N recovery in soil and roots, and calculated the root relative N uptake efficiency for 10 days after label application. We found that root N contents were by one third higher in the rainforest than oil palm plantations. However, $^{15}$N uptake efficiency was similar in the two systems. This finding suggests that lower N contents in oil palm roots were likely caused by plant internal utilization of the absorbed N (e.g., N export to fruit bunches) than by lower ability to take up N from the soil. $^{15}$N recovery in roots was primarily driven by the amount of root biomass, which was higher in oil palm plantation than rainforest. The oil palms unveiled a high capacity to acquire N, offering the possibility of enhancing sustainable plantation management by reducing N fertilizer application. Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2020 peerReviewed

Protists, abundant but enigmatic single-celled eukaryotes, are important soil microbiota providing numerous ecosystem functions. We employed high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, targeting the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene, to characterize changes in their abundance, species richness, and community structure with conversion of lowland rainforest into rubber agroforest (jungle rubber), and rubber and oil palm plantations; typical agricultural systems in Sumatra, Indonesia. We identified 5,204 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% identity threshold of protists from 32 sites. Protists species richness was similar in rainforest, jungle rubber and oil palm plantations but significantly lower in rubber plantations. After standardization, 4,219 OTUs were assigned to five trophic groups, and inspected for effects of land-use change, and potential biotic and abiotic driving factors. The most abundant trophic group was phagotrophs (52%), followed by animal parasites (29%), photoautotrophs (12%), plant parasites (1%), and symbionts (

Perubahan pola hidup menyebabkan pola penyakit berubah, dari penyakit infeksi dan rawan gizi ke penyakit-penyakit degeneratif, diantaranya adalah penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah (kardiovaskuler) dan akibat kematian yang ditimbulkannya. Penyakit jantung merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia. Penyakit jantung adalah penyakit yang mengganggu sistem pembuluh darah atau lebih tepatnya menyerang jantung dan urat-urat darah. Penyakit kardiovaskuler (PKV) mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan zat gizi dan makanan. Hipotesis “makanan-jantung“ atau diet-heart hypothesis menerangkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara makanan dengan penyakit jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rasio kadar kolesterol total/HDL. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang/cross sectional dengan variabel independen (asupan energi, asupan lemak jenuh, lemak tak jenuh, kolesterol dan serat) dan variabel dependen (rasio kadar kolesterol total/HDL). Jumlah populasi 760 dan sampel sebanyak 45 responden. Sampel penelitian diambil secara accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan energi, lemak jenuh, lemak tak jenuh dan kolesterol dengan rasio kadar kolesterol total/HDL. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antar asupan serat dengan rasio kadar kolesterol total/HDL. Faktor yang paling berhubungan adalah asupan lemak jenuh.

This study aims to determine differences in the acquisition of learning outcomes of stu-dents of Japanese Language Education and Chinese Literature Class of 2015 in GPA based on the type of college entrance selection. This research used ex post facto type (examine the circumstances that have happened), and also this study only see student learning outcomes from college entrance, and do not see the learning process of each study program. The results of the study are expected to be considered in determining the quota of student admission selection path. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with research subjects of students of Japanese Language Education and Chinese Literature Class of force of 2015. Data collection technique using documentation technique is KHS student. Data analysis was performed by: 1) Assumption test using data normality test and homogeneity test, 2) One way ANOVA analysis. The results of the study show that the Chinese Literature Study achievement of independent students has a GPA not much different from the SNMPTN and SBMPTN lines. Meanwhile, in the Japanese Education Education Program, students from independent pathways under SBMPTN defeat stu-dents’ IPK score of SNMPTN. So it can be concluded that college entrance is still not able to guarantee student achievement in college. Interest and attention will result in learning motivation and successful desire in students is the main capital to achieve the highest achievement in collegesuccessful desire in students is the main capital to achieve the highest achievement in college

Conversion of tropical forests into intensely managed plantations is a threat to ecosystem functions. On Sumatra, Indonesia, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations are rapidly expanding, displacing rain forests and extensively used rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agro-forests. Here, we tested the influence of land use systems on root traits including chemical traits (carbon, nitrogen, mineral nutrients, potentially toxic elements [aluminium, iron] and performance traits (root mass, vitality, mycorrhizal colonization). Traits were measured as root community-weighed traits (RCWTs) in lowland rain forests, in rubber agro-forests mixed with rain forest trees, in rubber and oil palm plantations in two landscapes (Bukit Duabelas and Harapan, Sumatra). We hypothesized that RCWTs vary with land use system indicating increasing transformation intensity and loss of ecosystem functions. The main factors found to be related to increasing transformation intensity were declining root vitality and root sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, manganese concentrations and increasing root aluminium and iron concentrations as well as increasing spore densities of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Mycorrhizal abundance was high for arbuscular and low for ectomycorrhizas and unrelated to changes in RCWTs. The decline in RCWTs showed significant correlations with soil nitrogen, soil pH and litter carbon. Thus, our study uncovered a relationship between deteriorating root community traits and loss of ecosystem functionality and showed that increasing transformation intensity resulted in decreasing root nutrition and health. Based on these results we suggest that land management that improves root vitality may enhance the ecological functions of intense tropical production systems., Oüpen-Access Publikationsfonds 2015

Conversion of tropical forests into intensely managed plantations is a threat to ecosystem functions. On Sumatra, Indonesia, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations are rapidly expanding, displacing rain forests and extensively used rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agro-forests. Here, we tested the influence of land use systems on root traits including chemical traits (carbon, nitrogen, mineral nutrients, potentially toxic elements [aluminium, iron] and performance traits (root mass, vitality, mycorrhizal colonization). Traits were measured as root community-weighed traits (RCWTs) in lowland rain forests, in rubber agro-forests mixed with rain forest trees, in rubber and oil palm plantations in two landscapes (Bukit Duabelas and Harapan, Sumatra). We hypothesized that RCWTs vary with land use system indicating increasing transformation intensity and loss of ecosystem functions. The main factors found to be related to increasing transformation intensity were declining root vitality and root sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, manganese concentrations and increasing root aluminium and iron concentrations as well as increasing spore densities of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Mycorrhizal abundance was high for arbuscular and low for ectomycorrhizas and unrelated to changes in RCWTs. The decline in RCWTs showed significant correlations with soil nitrogen, soil pH and litter carbon. Thus, our study uncovered a relationship between deteriorating root community traits and loss of ecosystem functionality and showed that increasing transformation intensity resulted in decreasing root nutrition and health. Based on these results we suggest that land management that improves root vitality may enhance the ecological functions of intense tropical production systems., Oüpen-Access Publikationsfonds 2015