Search

Las transformaciones del trabajo de las últimas décadas, caracterizadas por la precariedad y la flexibilización, suponen un desafío para el análisis de clase y para el análisis de raíz marxista. El objetivo de este artículo es construir, en debate con Marx, una propuesta de análisis que permita abordar estos cambios sociales. Para ello se revisan el concepto de clase de Marx, complejizándolo, y aproximaciones contemporáneas que hacen uso de esa concepción en el análisis de la sociedad actual. Marx ofrece una concepción de clase interesante y útil pues enmarca el proceso de construcción de la clase social en un marco relacional de lucha política, económica y cultural. Consideramos que los procesos de transformación del trabajo hacen que cobren un mayor interés los análisis de clase centrados en las relaciones sociales de dominación y explotación.

The article aims to analyze the frameworks of interpretation and the essential components of political discourse which appear in the guerrilla organizations that move from armed struggle to democratic competition, which ended with the processes of peace building and democratic consolidation in El Salvador and Guatemala, through the study of the experience of the Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation (fmln) and the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unit (urng).

The debate over the different possible Colombian postconflict scenarios led the aim of a stable and lasting peace to be connected with the realisation of agrarian reform and guaranteed access to land as a way to overcome territorial differences and the urban–rural divide. To achieve this, structural transformation of the Colombian countryside and acceptance of the territorial approach became central parts of the Peace Agreement (or Final Agreement) signed in 2016 between the Colombian government and the FARC-EP. This paper analyses the territorial approach adopted in this agreement, as well as its level of implementation so far, and accepts that the lack of progress on the territoriality of the Colombian conflict will make it difficult to achieve the objectives set out in the peace agenda.

El debate sobre los diferentes escenarios que se abren dentro del posconflicto colombiano remiten a un aspecto central: la solución del problema del acceso de la tierra y la superación de las brechas campo/ciudad. La hipótesis que plantea el presente trabajo entiende que el éxito del posconflicto en Colombia reside, en una parte importante, en la puesta en práctica de una política por parte del Gobierno Nacional que guarde relación con la solución al problema campo previsto en el Acuerdo de paz. El presente texto pretende realizar análisis comparativos entre las medidas para la transformación del campo colombiano contempladas en el Acuerdo de paz y el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del Gobierno Nacional, principales documentos donde se abordan dicha problemática.

espanolEl presente trabajo se centra en uno de los estudiosos mas importantes del proceso de internacionalizacion economica, el frances Christian Palloix. Protagonista de la renovacion del pensamiento heterodoxo sobre la economia mundial, el autor elabora uno de los analisis mas originales sobre el funcionamiento global del capitalismo surgido de finales del siglo XX: la teoria de la internacionalizacion del capital. Se cumplen cuarenta anos de la edicion de La internacionalizacion del capital (1978), obra principal del autor, donde se presenta una propuesta pionera en el analisis de como se da la globalizacion en su origen. EnglishThe present work is aimed at the recovery of one of the great theorists of the process, of internationalization, the French economist Christian Palloix. Protagonist of the renewal of heterodox thinking about the world economy, the author elaborates one of the most original analyzes on the global functioning of capitalism emerged from the crisis of the seventies of the twentieth century: The theory of the internationalization of capital (1978), the author´s main work, which presents a pioneering proposal in the analysis of how globalization occurs at its origin.

El debate sobre los diferentes escenarios que se abren dentro del posconflicto colombiano remite a la vinculación del objetivo de una paz estable y duradera a la realización de la reforma agraria y a la garantía del acceso a la tierra, como medio para la superación de las diferencias territoriales y la brecha campo-ciudad. Por ello, la transformación estructural del campo colombiano y la asunción del enfoque territorial pasan a ser aspectos centrales en el Acuerdo de Paz (o Acuerdo Final) suscrito en 2016 entre el Gobierno de Colombia y las FARC-EP. Este artículo analiza el enfoque territorial adoptado en dicho acuerdo, así como el grado de implementación realizado hasta ahora, asumiendo que la falta de desarrollo de los aspectos relacionados con la territorialidad del conflicto colombiano dificultará la consecución de los objetivos previstos en la agenda de paz.Cómo citar este artículo: Sánchez Iglesias, Eduardo y Sánchez Jiménez, Vicente. «El enfoque territorial en el proceso y el Acuerdo de Paz colombiano». Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, n.º 121 (abril de 2019). DOI: doi.org/10.24241/rcai.2019.121.1.67

Desde 2008 España ha vivido una de las crisis económicas más importantes de su historia reciente, periodo en el que se han sucedido diferentes expresiones de conflictos laborales de larga duración, que han tenido, entre otros, un denominador común: la relación entre acción colectiva y territorio como marco de recomposición de plantillas fragmentadas por los procesos de subcontratación empresarial. El presente artículo se dispone a analizar las experiencias de las huelgas protagonizadas por la plantilla de la factoría de Coca Cola en Fuenlabrada (2014-2016) y los técnicos de Movistar (2015-2016), desde los que aportar elementos que permitan elaborar una tipología de la acción colectiva dentro de los conflictos laborales en la España pos crisis. Since 2008 Spain has experienced one of the most important economic crises in its recent history, a period in which different expressions of long-term labor conflicts have occurred, which have had, among others, a common denominator: the relationship between collective action and territory as a framework for the recomposition of templates fragmented by business outsourcing processes. The present article is prepared to analyze the experiences of the strikes carried out by the Coca Cola factory in Fuenlabrada (2014-2016) and the Movistar technicians (2015-2016), from which to contribute elements that allow to elaborate a typology of collective action within labor conflicts in post-crisis Spain.

The main objective of this paper is to study the role of groundwater radiolysis in the spent fuel matrix alteration process. In order to split the influence of each radiation field, the paper focuses on the α-radiation field effect. For this reason the system selected was U–Pu in a synthetic granitic–bentonitic groundwater (carbonate media) in order to simulate the environmental conditions of the Spanish repository scenario [ENRESA, Publicacion Tecnica ENRESA 03/99 (1999) 219]. The experimental procedure used allows both the influence of the α-radiation field on the U secondary phase formed (and its solubility) and the Pu concentration in solution under simulated environmental conditions to be studied and makes it possible to determine whether any co-precipitation process takes place under these environmental conditions. Previous experimental evidence provided by Haschke et al. [J.M. Haschke, T.H. Allen, L.A. Morales, Science 287 (2000) 285] pointed to a reaction cycle between Pu 0 and water vapor (at 250 °C) generating PuO 2+ x (s) for the first time. Taking this work into account, the objective is to check whether this reaction mechanism will have any influence under the environmental conditions considered.

This paper focuses on how to extrapolate current knowledge of spent fuel matrix alteration processes from laboratory to repository conditions, i.e., the influence of changes in both the environmental conditions and the range of time scale considered. Therefore, a spent fuel matrix alteration model allowing the alteration rate evolution to be predicted as a function of both the host rock considered and evaluation time scale of interest is described.At present, the model assumes that alteration of the spent fuel will start when the groundwater reaches the solid surface and that only the radiolytic species of the groundwater (oxidants generated by α-radiation of spent fuel) will produce the surface oxidation process and subsequent matrix dissolution; O2, H2O2 and OH· are the species that react with UO2(s) for oxidation of the pellet surface. The dissolution process of the surface sites that are oxidized is modelled in two steps: first, a surface co-ordination of the oxidized layer with aqueous ligands and, second, detachment (dissolution) of the product species. Taking this mechanism into account, the model gives the evolution of the spent fuel matrix alteration rate over periods as long as 1,000,000 years.In this work the matrix alteration rate results obtained for two repository environments, granitic and argillaceous, will be presented. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis study has been performed on the influence of the following variables: type of spent fuel considered, α-dose rate evolution, α-range in groundwater, carbonate and iron concentration in groundwater, H2 partial pressure, container time failure and specific surface area of the pellet.

Chemical durability of spent fuel under repository conditions is one of the main topics of interest in national and international projects from the last two decades. During the last decade there have been growing the activities in Enresa related to the deep disposal concept with the aim of developing a spent fuel alteration model for the understanding of the behaviour of this nuclear waste under repository conditions. In this context, the development and utilisation of models and sub-models based on experimental work have been of great importance.Experimental studies with spent fuel(in Collaboration Agreement with ITU) and spent fuel analogues in several environmental conditions have been carried out into Enresa R+D Programmes in order to reach a better knowledge of the relevant processes and to quantify the spent fuel chemical durability under repository conditions.In this work, it is showed the utility of data provided from experiments with spent fuel analogues to test the mechanisms and the influence of relevant parameters in the spent fuel alteration under repository conditions.The evolution of irradiated fuel under interim storage conditions and in deep geologic storage and its oxygen to metal ratio (O/M) before the water access to the fuel is another factor of great influence on enhanced spent fuel leaching. This effect has been also studied by means of spent fuel analogues and by using simulated (artificially) aged fuel.