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Purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) is a prevalent uterine disease of dairy cows during the puerperium that affects the milk production and affects the profitability of farms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical profile, the body condition score, the milk production of cows with PVD and the effects PVD on reproductive performance. A total of 338 Holstein dairy cows aged from 3 to 5 years, from three commercial dairy farms, from Brazil, were used. Blood samples were collected within 25 ± 3 days post-partum from Holstein dairy cows without PVD (control cows, n = 242) and cows with PVD (n = 96), based on scoring of the vaginal discharge. The body condition score and milk production were recorded on the day of sampling. The biochemical profile encompassed albumin, urea, gamma-glutamyl transferase, calcium, fibrinogen and cholesterol concentrations. The number of services per pregnancy was lower (p < 0.01), and the number of days until first insemination and the median time to pregnancy were higher in cows with PVD (p < 0.01) when compared with control cows. Milk production and body condition score were lower (p < 0.01) in cows with PVD than in control group. Cows with PVD had lower (p < 0.05) serum albumin, urea, calcium and cholesterol concentrations, and higher serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and fibrinogen concentration than cows without PVD. Our results show that cows with PVD have changes in the biochemical profile and negative effects on production and reproduction performance.

This study evaluated the viability of Nellore cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and compare their viability with animals of the same breed derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). Thus, two groups were formed. Group I (GI) consisted of 10 calves derived from SCNT and group II (GII) consisted of 10 calves derived from IVF. The differences detected between the groups were in the physical examination of the respiratory tract in GI, which represented the most common clinical-pathological disturbances. The Apgar index score indicated that 80% of GI animals were depressed and all had pale mucous membranes. Thus, anemia was reported in GI. In GII, this started at 12 h of life and was probably caused by an iron deficiency. Moreover, total calcium and ionized calcium levels were higher in GI immediately after birth. These alterations probably resulted in a high incidence of mortality in GI, reaching 90% of the calves, whereas mortality was only 20% for the calves in GII. In conclusion, cloned calves, which were derived from SCNT, had physiological and metabolic alterations after delivery, leading to a higher mortality rate during the perinatal period. RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade de bezerros da raça Nelore oriundos da técnica da transferência nuclear de células somáticas (TNCS), no período pós natal imediato, comparando-a com animais desta mesma raça, oriundos de fertilização in vitro (FIV). Para tanto, os animais foram alocados em dois grupos, a saber: Grupo I (GI) - 10 animais frutos de TNCS; e, Grupo II (GII) - 10 animais oriundos de FIV. Nos respectivos bezerros, todos obtidos por cesariana, foram realizadas as avaliações físicas, escore de APGAR, bem como coleta de amostras de sangue nos momentos 0 (ao nascimento), às 2, 4, 6 e 12 horas de vida, a fim de avaliar os resultados de eritrograma, análises bioquímicas e hormonais, comparando-os entre os grupos e momentos. Nos animais que vieram a óbito foi realizada a necropsia para investigar a causa mortis. As diferenças observadas foram em relação aos achados clínico-patológicos, envolvendo, principalmente, o sistema respiratório caracterizado por bradpneia associada à dispneia, e a presença de edema e atelectasia pulmonar observadas no GI. Ademais, após a colostragem notou-se que 80% dos animais avaliados não foram capazes de manter a glicemia sendo mais evidentes nos animais do GII, possivelmente devido à hiperinsulinemia que se manifestou neste grupo ao longo de todo o período experimental. A anemia após o nascimento foi evidente no grupo de bezerros clonados ao longo de todo período de avaliação ao contrário dos bezerros oriundos de GII, a qual foi observada somente às 12 horas de vida, sendo, possivelmente, de origem ferropriva. Casos de hipercalcemia foram denotados nos animais do GI ao nascimento, sendo possivelmente associados à asfixia perinatal. Estas alterações, em conjunto, levaram a uma taxa de mortalidade de 90% dos animais do GI e de 20% dos bezerros do GII. Conclui-se que os animais oriundos da TNCS apresentam alterações fisiológicas e metabólicas após o nascimento, responsáveis, em grande parte, pela maior taxa de óbitos dentro do período perinatal.

Metritis in dairy cows is classified as a puerperal disease that affects all layers of the uterine epithelium and occurs during the first 21 days after parturition. The objectives of this study were to identify potential predictive biomarkers of metritis, to monitor the biochemical profile of pre-metritic dairy cows, and to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows with metritis. Fifty-five cows without metritis and fifteen cows that showed clinical signs of metritis were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at -21, -14 and - 7 days before calving and at parturition and assayed for urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol, fibrinogen, total calcium, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Serum fibrinogen on 21, 14 and 7 days prepartum and at parturition was the strongest discriminator between metritic and control cows. Moreover, metritic cows had lower (P 0.05) concentrations of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and calcium and higher (P 0.05) serum AST, GGT activities, and serum fibrinogen, BHB and NEFA concentrations when compared to control cows. The number of days to first ovulation, insemination, services per pregnancy and days to pregnancy were greater (P 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group, and the follicle size was smaller (P 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group. Our results indicate alterations in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metritis and the negative impact on the reproductive performance of metritic cows raised in tropical conditions. In addition, this study showed that the serum fibrinogen could be used as screening biomarkers to indicate cows that might have metritis during the postpartum period.

The aims of this study were to characterize the biochemical profile, the reproductive performance and to identify potential predictive biomarkers of disease state of dairy cows with hyperketonemia, lipomobilization and hypocalcemia raised in tropical conditions in southeastern Brazil. Dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into a group of healthy cows (n = 14), cows with lipomobilization (n = 14), cows with hypocalcemia (n = 11), and a group of cows with hyperketonemia (n = 11). Evaluation of body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW) and blood samples was performed on 21, 14, 7, 4 and 2 days before calving, parturition, 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days post-partum and milk production was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Blood samples were assayed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutammyltransferase (GGT), albumin, total protein, globulin, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and creatinine concentrations. The biochemical profile, BCS, BW, milk production and reproductive performance differed (p < .05) among the groups. Our findings indicate changes in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metabolic diseases and impaired production and fertility of dairy cows in this group. Variable importance in projection plots demonstrated that cholesterol, urea, total protein, albumin and fibrinogen in the serum were the strongest discriminators between cows with hypocalcemia and healthy cows; and AST, cholesterol, urea and triglycerides for cows with hyperketonemia and healthy cows; and cholesterol, urea, triglycerides, total protein and fibrinogen for lipomobilization and healthy cows, which might be useful as predictive biomarkers of the disease state.

Climate change is seen as a significant threat to the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical regions. Extreme meteorological events can result in catastrophic production and death of livestock. Heat waves in particular can push vulnerable animals beyond their survival threshold limits. However, there is little information about buffalo responses to sudden changes in the thermal environment, specifically the heat waves. This study aimed to quantify the thermoregulatory and blood biochemical responses of heat-acclimatized buffaloes to a simulated heat wave. The experiment was designed in a climatic chamber with two periods of 4 days each. Twelve heat acclimated buffalo heifers aged 18 months were used. The climatic chamber environment was set as follows: 4-day period (P1) simulating the same weather conditions of a summer in humid tropical climate used as a baseline, with daily cycle with Ta and RH at 27 &plusmn, 1 &deg, C and 76% from 0600 h to 1900 h and 24 &plusmn, C and 80% from 1900 h to 0600 h, and 4-day period (P2), simulating a daily heat wave cycle, from 0600 h to 1900 h with Ta and RH kept at 36 &deg, C and 78% and from 1900 h to 0600 h, 27 &deg, C and 74%. All animals were subject to both treatments and data were analyzed by a repeated measure analysis of variance, with post-hoc pooling comparison performed by Tukey&rsquo, s test. In P2, there was observed a significant increase in respiratory frequency (p &lt, 0.01), found four times in P1. The sweating rates were quite high in both periods, still, there were significant increases in P2 compared to P1 (p &lt, 0.01) (4931 and 3201 g/m2/h, respectively). A slight but significant increase in rectal temperature was observed during the day (p &lt, 0.01), with a rising until 1900 h. The simulated heat wave in P2 did not affect the values of the erythrogram or leukogram, excluding the significant reduction in K+ (p &lt, 0.05). The low heat storage and the subsequent fast and full recovery of the thermal balance late afternoon appear to be related to the high sweating rate values. The massive sweating rate emphasizes its relevance in the maintenance of buffalo homeothermy. The absence of changes in hematological parameters has revealed the considerable physiological resilience of buffaloes toward simulated heat waves.

The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical profile of dairy cows with induced lactation. For comparison, another group of normally calved cows was used as control. Lactation was induced in multiparous Holstein cows (n=10) with two norgestomet implants (3mg each implant) on day 1. The testing continued with intramuscular norgestomet (3mg/animal) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15. On days 1, 9, 16 to 18 and then every 14 days, bSTr (500mg/animal) was added. On day 16, the intravaginal implant was removed and intramuscular prostaglandin F2α (0.530mg/animal) and intramuscular estradiol benzoate (5mg/animal) were added. On days 16 to 18 dexamethasone (10mg/animal) was added, and from days 18 to 20 intramuscular metoclopramide (100mg/animal) was added. Milking began on day 19 of the induction. Blood was collected for a biochemical profile after 21 days in milk. It was found that urea and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the induced cows (P

This study aimed to verify if the process of artificial insemination (AI) characterized here as animal immobilization, the passage of the semen applicator through the cervix, and deposition of the semen in the uterus, affected cows’ welfare. For this, 18 beef calved cows were selected and divided into two groups: inseminated cows (AIG, n = 9), and not inseminated cows, the control group (CG, n = 9). Body condition score, uterus, and ovary evaluation were performed. Later, both groups were submitted into an estrus synchronization protocol and only the AIG group was inseminated. Blood components of urea, creatinine, AST, GGT, CK, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, NEFA, BHB, cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, albumin, and total protein were measured 30 h before AI, and 4, 24, 48 and 168 h after AI. Statistical differences were considered when P

Background Epidural anaesthesia is one of the most commonly used locoregional techniques in ruminants. The lumbosacral epidural technique is reasonably easy to perform and requires low volumes of local anaesthetic drug to allow procedures caudal to the umbilicus. However, surgical procedures in the flank of the animal would require an increased volume of drugs. The anaesthetized area provided by thoracic epidural technique is larger than the lumbosacral technique; however the former is rather challenging to perform. Therefore, access through lumbosacral area to introduce a catheter into the thoracolumbar space is a potential alternative to thoracic access. Epidural anaesthesia is achieved with local anaesthetics; opioids can be added to improve analgesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 0.5% bupivacaine with or without methadone, administered through an epidural catheter inserted through the lumbosacral access and advanced to the thoracolumbar space, on thoracolumbar epidural anaesthesia in goats. Methods Six animals received two treatments each in a randomized crossover study: BUP treatment consisted of 0.5% bupivacaine (1 mL per each 10 cm of spine column; 1 ± 0.2 mg/kg BW) and BMT treatment was the same; however 1 mL of bupivacaine was replaced by 1 mL (0.22 ± 0.03 mg/kg BW) of methadone (10 mg/mL). The treatments were administered near to T11-T12 through an epidural catheter. Motor blockade and analgesia were evaluated by electrical stimulation. Results Heart rate, respiratory rate, ruminal motility and rectal temperature were evaluated before and after the treatment. Motor blockade was observed on both treatments, up to 6 h post-treatment. Analgesia was observed on BUP up to 4 h and on BMT up to 6 h post-treatment. Physiological values did not change at any moment. Conclusions Bupivacaine-methadone combination promoted longer-lasting analgesia in goats compared to bupivacaine alone when administered through an epidural catheter into the thoracolumbar space. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13620-017-0093-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: Peripartum is a challenging phase for the health of cows. Objectives: This study analysed the haematological profile of Holstein cows during peripartum. Method: Blood samples were collected on days 18, 12, 8, 5 and 2 before calving, at parturition, and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 postpartum. Analyses of red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and RBC distribution width were performed; body condition score (BCS) and milk yield were evaluated. Results: Red blood cell (the highest value was 6.10 × 10 12 /L at parturition and the lowest recorded value was 5.03 × 10 12 /L 21 days after parturition), haemoglobin and haematocrit (the highest values were 10.48 g/dL and 33.47% at parturition, respectively and the lowest values were 8.28 g/dL and 26.13% on day 30 after parturition, respectively); BCS (the highest and the lowest values were 3.50 points and 2.73 points on days 18 before parturition and 45 after parturition, respectively) and milk production (the lowest and the highest values were 21.48 L and 27.02 L on days 7 and 45 after parturition, respectively) were significantly different ( p < 0.05) during the peripartum period. Of the total cows ( n = 48), 41.7% had RBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit below the reference intervals during at least one collection point during the postpartum period. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that dairy cows included in this investigation suffered alterations in select haematological variables during the postpartum period.

The main aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia in Holstein dairy cows during the puerperium, and the haematological and biochemical profile of dairy cows with and without anaemia. The study was conducted in seven dairy herds in São Paulo State, Brazil. The evaluated sample comprised a total of 336 Holstein cows. Blood samples were collected at postpartum day 25 ± 3. Haematological analysis included white blood cell, red blood cell and platelet count, haematocrit value, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. The biochemical profile encompassed cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, calcium and total bilirubin concentrations. The prevalence of anaemia was 16.3% in all herds, and this was not affected by clinical diseases, milk production, parity and body score condition. Moreover, anaemic cows had lower red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, serum cholesterol and calcium concentrations and higher white blood cell and platelet counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, red cell distribution width, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, fibrinogen and globulin concentrations when compared with non-anaemic cows. The results indicate changes in energy balance and an inflammatory process in anaemic cows.

Background: Lameness in dairy cows is classified as a gait change caused by multifactorial process. The phase of the peripartum causes intense physiological changes for the adaptation of late gestation and onset of lactation. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in the biochemical profile and productive performance in dairy cows with lameness during postpartum period.Materials, Methods & Results: This study was conducted at the University of São Paulo farm, in Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil, from January to March 2017. A total, of 48 multiparous (2 to 3 lactations and 3-4 years old) dairy cows, that had the milk production of 9,200 kg/ dairy cow in a period of 305 days in the previous lactation, were included in the study. All cows were managed under the same conditions and nutritional regimen. Evaluation of body condition score was performed by a single person on -18, -12, -8, -5, and -2 days before parturition, at parturition, and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Milk production was recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition and saved in the software program. Blood samples were performed on -18, -12, -8, -5, and -2 days before parturition, at parturition, and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Blood samples were assayed for albumin, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamil-transferase and total protein concentrations. Dairy cows were divided into a lame group (11) and normal group (37) based on locomotion score from parturition to seven days postpartum. Lame cows was classified if their score was > 2, and normal cows was classified if their score was ≤ 2 and free of any disease. Dairy cows that suffer by any health disorder other than lameness were excluded from this study. Cow diagnosed with lameness outside the diagnostic period were excluded from this study. The averages of the milk production, body condition score and biochemical profile were compared with the Tukey’s test. Lame cows showed lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of albumin (on days -18 -12, -8, -5, -2 relative to parturition, at parturition, and on days 7, 14, 21, 45 and 60 after parturition) calcium (on days -18, -12, -8, -5 and -2 before parturition, and on days 7, 14, 21, 45 and 60 after parturition), cholesterol (on days -12, -8, -5 before parturition and on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition) than normal cows. Cow with lameness showed higher (P < 0.05) concentration of triglyceride (on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition), non-esterified fatty acids (on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition) and β-hydroxybutyrate (on days -12, -5 and -2 before parturition, at parturition, and on days 1, 14, 21 and 30 after parturition) than normal group. Cows with lameness presented higher (P < 0.05) values of body condition score on days -18, -12 and -8 before parturition, and lower (P < 0.05) values on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition than normal cows. Milk production was lower (P < 0.05) for cows with lameness (on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition) than normal cows.Discussion: The overall prevalence of lameness in the evaluated period was 22.92% (11/48). Among lame cows, 07 presented laminitis, 02 had interdigital hyperplasia and 02 had sole ulcer. Our findings prove that the biochemical profile and productivity of dairy cows during the peripartum and postpartum period were affected by lameness at the early lactation.

Background Rumenostomy is a useful procedure commonly performed in cattle for medical treatment of domestic ruminants with forestomach diseases. Methylene blue (MB)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been broadly investigated to treat infected wounds. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MB-mediated APDT (MB-APDT) combined with chlorhexidine and zinc oxide ointment on wound healing process after rumenostomy. Methods Fourteen Nelore bulls were subjected to rumenostomy procedure. Animals were randomly divided into MB-APDT (MB associated with a red diode laser performed immediately after surgery and repeated on days 3, 5, 7 and 10) and control groups. Daily care included topical cleaning with chlorhexidine 2% followed by topical zinc oxide ointment. Animals were followed-up until the 28th day. Results Wounds presented a better post-surgical profile in MB-APDT group when it was compared with the control group. In MB-APDT group, it was also possible to observe less pain on palpation of wounds borders, less edema and inflammatory exudate. Additionally, animals from MB-APDT group were faster discharged from the cattle care facility. Conclusion Our results support the use of MB-APDT for the post-surgical management of rumenostomy. This pilot study ratifies the use of APDT in cattle and also suggests that it could be performed for other surgical procedures as a complementary approach or an alternative for topical administration of antibiotics.

The neonatal period is a challenging phase for calves, and during this phase constant adaptations are required. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the invasive hemodynamics with the Swan-Ganz catheter in neonate calves to understand adaptive changes during the first 30 days of life. A prospective and observational study was conducted with 10 Holstein calves. Assessments of the right atrial pressure (RAP), right ventricular pressure (RVP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary pressure (PW), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and blood gas levels were performed. The analyses of PAP, PVR, PW, HR, sO2, and arterial blood gases differed (p &lt, 0.05) between the evaluated periods. Our results indicated transient pulmonary artery hypertension during the process of extrauterine adaptation during the first 30 days of life. This hypertension must be considered as physiological and consequent to the neonatal adaptation process.

The bovine whey consists of more than 200 different types of proteins, of which β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, serum albumin, immunoglobulins and lactoferrin predominate. However, their concentrations are not stable due to the existence of protein dynamics during a transition from colostrum secretion to mature milk. To evaluate the dynamics of whey proteins of Jersey cows during a colostral phase and first month of lactation and an influence of the number of lactations, 268 milk samples from 135 Jersey cows were selected through a clinical evaluation. Whey was obtained by rennet coagulation of the mammary secretion. The concentration of total proteins was determined by the biuret method and their fractions were identified by 12% dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (12% SDS-PAGE). Maximum concentrations of all protein fractions were observed in the first 12 h of lactation, reducing over the course of the study. Modification of the protein predominance was also observed. The transition from colostrum secretion to milk occurred between 24 and 72 h postpartum. There was an influence of the number of lactations on the dynamics of whey proteins, indicating that multiparous cows had better immunological and nutritional quality when compared to primiparous cows.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metabolic diseases on uterine involution and reproductive performance during the postpartum period. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into four groups based on whether they were healthy (n = 14), or had lipomobilization (n = 14), hypocalcemia (n = 11), and hyperketonemia (n = 11). Transrectal palpation and transrectal B-Mode sonography were carried out on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Cows with metabolic disease had a greater (p &lt, 0.05) uterine size as assessed transrectally compared with cows without metabolic disease. Sonographic measurements revealed a greater (p &lt, 0.05) horn diameter and endometrial thickness in cows of the metabolic disease groups than in the healthy cows. Metabolic disease affected (p &lt, 0.05) the milk yield, percentage of service per pregnancy, days to first ovulation and days open. In conclusion, metabolic disease affected the uterine involution and fertility during the postpartum period.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of NDF in high-concentrate diets on performance and aspects ruminal, blood, and carcass parameters of finishing lambs. Twenty-four lambs, with initial BW of 24 ± 3 kg, were randomly divided into individual pens, in a completely randomized design, comprising three treatments with eight repetitions each. The treatments consisted of dietary levels of 15%, 20%, and 25% of NDF, based on DM. The diets were composed of corn, soybean meal, minerals, and corn silage and were offered twice a day, with daily control of what was offered and refused, to determine dry matter intake (DMI). The animals were weighed weekly and slaughtered after 50 days of confinement. Performance evaluations, blood parameters, carcass, and ruminal parameters were evaluated. Lambs fed with lower dietary fiber had better carcass yield (P

The citrus pulp can be used as a substitute in ruminant feed reducing costs and maintaining the nutritional quality of food. However, this compound should be used carefully so as not to cause harm to the animals. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of dental erosion, actinomycosis and polioencephalomalacia in sheep raised and kept with a wet low pectin citrus pulp based diet, composing 50% of roughage. Actinomycosis was diagnosed in five animals through clinical and radiographic examinations and microbiological culture, and, after treatment, three animals were cured. Polioencephalomalacia was confirmed in ten animals by clinical diagnostics, in nine out of ten animals by therapeutic diagnosis, and in one animal by post-mortem anatomopathological examination. According to the observed, we recommend caution when large amounts of citrus pulp are used as bulky food. RESUMO: A polpa cítrica está entre os produtos que podem ser utilizados como substitutos na alimentação de ruminantes, diminuindo os gastos e mantendo a qualidade nutricional do alimento fornecido aos animais, porém, esses alimentos devem ser utilizados de forma que não tragam malefícios. Assim, o presente relato visa apresentar a ocorrência de erosão dentária, actinomicose e polioencefalomalácia em ovinos criados e mantidos recebendo alimentação à base de polpa cítrica úmida despectinada na concentração de 50% do volumoso. A actinomicose foi diagnosticada em cinco animais por meio de exame clínico, radiográfico e cultivo microbiológico, e após tratamento três animais foram curados. Já a polioencefalomalácia foi confirmada em dez animais pelos sintomas manifestados, eficiência da terapia instituída em nove animais e exame anatomopatológico de um animal que veio a óbito. De acordo com o observado, deve-se ter cuidado ao utilizar grande quantidade de polpa cítrica úmida como volumoso.

Studies of calcium transfer across the placenta have been reviewed because of the physiological and nutritional importance of this mineral during pregnancy, especially in order to better understand its contribution to development of the fetal skeleton. The placental transfer of maternal calcium to the fetus represents a vital mechanism for fetal development and breast-milk production, yet little meaningful information is currently available regarding the biochemical mechanisms involved in this process. Once again, the use of different animal models as rodents, rabbit, sheep and bovine have demonstrate different mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta and contribute to better understand its effects in both fetus and mother during the gestation. In relation to the transfer of calcium from the mother to fetus data suggest it occur via an active mechanism; thus calcium concentration is higher in fetus than in maternal blood. Despite conflicting reports, several investigators agreed that calcium concentration in the fetal blood is mainly regulated by fetal parathyroid hormone and plasma concentration of vitamin D3, a metabolite that plays a key role in calcium transport through the syncytial cells.

Para avaliar as proteínas do soro lácteo durante a lactação, o soro obtido a partir de 48 amostras de leite coletadas de 12 vacas da raça Jersey antes da ordenha foi estudado. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: terço inicial (30-120 dias de lactação), terço médio (121-210 dias de lactação) e terço final da lactação (mais de 211 dias de lactação). O proteinograma consistiu da concentração de proteína total do soro lácteo, determinado pelo método de biureto e da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE). A diminuição gradual e significativa de algumas frações do soro de leite foi observada durante a lactação, albumina, lactoferrina, imunoglobulinas, β-lactoglobulina e α-lactoalbumina. Os valores de normalidade obtidos para as proteínas do soro do leite de vacas Jersey foram: proteína total do soro de leite 569,0-713,0mg/dL, lactoferrina 36,0-49,0mg/dL, albumina 24,0-34.0mg/dL, cadeia pesada de imunoglobulina 38,0-51,0 mg/dL; cadeia leve de imunoglobulina 59,0-95,0mg/dL, β-lactoglobulina 207,0-256,0mg/dL, α-lactoalbumina 117,0-157,0mg/dL, proteína com 226 KDa 5,80-12.0mg/dL, e proteína com 118 kDa 2,30-6.80mg/dL. To evaluate the whey proteins during the lactation, whey obtained from 48 milk samples collected from 12 Jersey cows before milking were studied. Cows were distributed into three groups as follows: early (30-120 days), middle (121-210 days) and end of lactation (more than 211 days). The proteinogram consisted of total proteins concentration determined by biuret method and polyacrymalide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A gradual and significant decrease of some fractions of the whey was observed during the lactation cycle albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, β-lactoglobulin and α -lactoalbumin. The normal ranges obtained for the whey proteins of Jersey cows were: whey total proteins 569.0 to 713.0mg/dL, lactoferrin 36.0 to 49.0mg/dL, albumin 24.0 to 34.0mg/dL, immunoglobulin's heavy chain 38.0 and 51.0mg/dL; immunoglobulin's light chain 59.0 to 95.0mg/dL, β-lactoglobulin 207.0 to 256.0mg/dL, α-lactoalbumin 117.0 to 157.0mg/dL; protein with 226 KDa 5.80 to 12.0mg/dL, and protein with 118 KDa 2.30 to 6.80mg/dL.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE Metabolismo Lipidios Soro Glicose Plasma ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of lactation and dry period in the constituents of lipid and glucose metabolism of buffaloes. One hundred fortyseven samples of serum and plasma were collected between November 2009 and July 2010, from properties raising Murrah, Mediterranean and crossbred buffaloes, located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Biochemical analysis was obtained by determining the contents of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-HBO), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and plasma glucose. Values for arithmetic mean and standard error mean were calculated using the SAS procedure, version 9.2. Tests for normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances were performed using the SAS Guide Data Analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the SAS procedure Glimmix. The group information (Lactation), Farm and Age were used in the statistical models. Means of groups were compared using Least Square Means (LSMeans) of SAS, where significant difference was observed at P ≤ 0.05. It was possible to conclude that buffaloes during peak lactation need to metabolize body reserves to supplement the lower amounts of bloodstream lipids, when they remain in negative energy balance. In the dry period, there were significant changes in the lipid profile, characterized by decrease of nutritional requirements, with consequent improvement in the general conditions of the animals.

Despite all efforts during the last four years to improve cloned newborn care, the mortality rate of calf after term is still high, around 50%. Clinical symptoms observed in these cloned calf were related to severe cardiopulmonary disorders like hyperphonese, diastolic and systolic cardiac murmurs associated to dyspnea and crackling lung sounds. Due to the patency of the Foramen Ovale and Ductus Arteriosus, in which causes the mix of arterial and venous blood, the blood oxygenation in these cloned calf is compromised. In addition, cloned calf could also present increased birth weight, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, umbilical cord abnormalities, anemia, and alopecia. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

The main pathogenic treponemes causing bovine digital dermatitis were identified from 17 infected herds in southern Brazil for the first time in this study using PCR. We did not find a relationship between treponeme phylogroup composition and clinical classification. Treponema phagedenis was present in all lesions. Rumen fluid was implicated as a reservoir location for these pathogens.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782014000901651.pdf: 303449 bytes, checksum: 50219527d3ad8700235e7c2790b630e4 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da retenção de placenta (RP) no proteinograma de fêmeas bovinas da raça Holandesa, de propriedades comerciais, foram utilizadas 129 vacas com RP e 145 vacas com parto e pós-parto fisiológicos e sem nenhum tratamento no período avaliado. As amostras de sangue foram divididas nos momentos: 1odia pós-parto (DPP), 2o-3o, 4o-5o, 6o-7o, 8o-14o, 15o-29o, 30o-59o e 60o-90o DPP. O fracionamento das proteínas foi realizado por eletroforese em fita de acetato de celulose e em gel de poliacrilamida, contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE), nas quais se avaliou o comportamento de 19 bandas proteicas identificadas pelos respectivos pesos moleculares, que variaram entre 23KDa e 187KDa. Não houve influência da RP na proteína sérica total e gamaglobulinas. A albumina sérica permaneceu abaixo dos valores de referência até os 90DPP nos animais com RP. Concluiu-se que vacas Holandesas com RP apresentam um quadro de normoproteinemia com hipoalbuminemia e aumento das frações alfaglobulinas e betaglobulinas até os 90DPP, presença de resposta inflamatória de fase aguda positiva pelo significativo aumento de haptoglobina, ceruloplasmina, glicoproteína ácida, e de fase aguda negativa pela diminuição de albumina na primeira semana pós-parto. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of retained placenta on the proteinogram of Holstein cows from commercial dairy farms. Blood samples were collected from 129 animals with retained placenta (RP) and 145 animals with normal delivery and postpartum period, without any treatment, on following days: 1 stday in milk (DIM), 2 nd -3 th , 4 th -5 th , 6 th -7 th , 8 th -14 th , 15 th -29 th , 30 th -59 thand 60 th -90 thDIM were analyzed. Protein electrophoresis were performed in acetate cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamide gel (SDS-PAGE), where 19 protein bands were observed with molecular weights between 23KDa and 187KDa. There was no influence on serum total protein and gamma globulins. Serum albumin remained below the normal reference values up to 90DIM. In conclusion, Holstein cows with RP have normoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia up to 90DIM, presence of positive acute phase response by increase of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, acid glycoprotein, alpha and beta globulins and negative acute phase response by decreased of albumin within the first week postpartum. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Clínica Médica Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária USP Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária

Com o objetivo de avaliar a dinâmica das proteínas séricas de fêmeas bovinas da raça holandesa, criadas no Estado de São Paulo e naturalmente infectadas pelo vírus da leucose dos bovinos, foram colhidas 60 amostras de soro sangüíneo. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 - composto de 20 fêmeas não reagentes ao antígeno gp-51 do vírus da leucose dos bovinos; Grupo 2 - composto de 20 fêmeas reagentes ao antígeno gp-5l do vírus da leucose dos bovinos sem linfocitose; Grupo 3 - composto de 20 fêmeas reagentes ao antígeno gp-5l do vírus da leucose dos bovinos com linfocitose. A avaliação do proteinograma sérico foi realizada pela determinação dos teores séricos de proteína total pelo método do biureto e a separação das frações albumina, alfaglobulina, betaglobulina e gamaglobulina através de eletroforese. A determinação quantitativa dos níveis séricos de imunoglobulinas IgM e IgG foi realizada através de imunodifusão radial simples. Os valores séricos do proteinograma e da concentração sérica das imunoglobulinas IgG e IgM dos animais não reagentes ao vírus da leucose dos bovinos foram semelhantes àqueles observados nos animais reagentes ao vírus da leucose dos Bovinos sem linfocitose e no grupo de animais reagentes ao vírus da leucose dos bovinos com linfocitose. In an attempt to determine the serum protein dynamics in cattle naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus, samples of blood sera from 60 cows of Holstein breed, raised in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected.The animals were divided in three Groups: Group 1- was composed of 20 bovine leukemia virus antibody negative cows; Group 2 - was composed of 20 cows reacting to the antigen (gp-51) of the bovine leukemia virus without lymphocytosis and Group 3 - was composed of 20 cows reacting to the antigen (gp-51) of the bovine leukemia virus with lymphocytosis. Serum total protein was determined by the biuret reaction and serum protein fractions (alpha, beta and gammaglobulin) by electrophoresis. Immunoglobulins IgM and IgG were determined by single radial imunodiffusion.There were no signifcant differences in the serum protein profiles and the concentration of serum IgG and IgM between the three groups (bovine leukemia virus antibody negative cows; bovine leukemia virus antibody positive cows without lymphocytosis and bovine leukemia virus antibody positive cows with lymphocytosis).

Com o intuito de estabelecerem-se os valores de referência do lipidograma, por meio da determinação de colesterol, triglicérides, ácidos graxos livres não esterificados (NEFA), β-Hidroxibutirato (β-HBO) e glicose de bovinos, da raça Holandesa, criados no Estado de São Paulo, bem como avaliar a influência dos fatores etários, sexuais e da gestação nos referidos parâmetros bioquímicos, foram colhidas e examinadas amostras de soro e plasma sangüíneo de 413 bovinos considerados clinicamente sadios. Para o estabelecimento dos valores de referência e avaliação da influência dos fatores etários foram colhidas 273 amostras de soro e plasma distribuídas em 7 subgrupos experimentais: G1 - 20 bezerras com até 3 meses; G2 - 20 bezerras entre 3 e 6 meses; G3 - 20 bezerras entre 6 e 12 meses; G4 - 40 novilhas entre 12 e 24 meses; G5 - 73 vacas entre 24 e 48 meses; G6 - 55 vacas entre 48 e 72 meses; G7 - 45 vacas com mais de 72 meses de idade. Para avaliar a influência dos fatores sexuais foram colhidas amostras de soro e plasma de 30 machos adultos e 30 fêmeas adultas. Para avaliar a influência da gestação e do puerpério foram colhidas 75 amostras de soro e plasma sangüíneo divididos em 5 subgrupos experimentais: G1 - 16 fêmeas não prenhes; G2 - 18 fêmeas na fase inicial da gestação, com até 3 meses de gestação; G3 -15 fêmeas prenhes, entre 3 e 6 meses de gestação; G4 - 15 fêmeas na fase final da gestação, entre 6 e 9 meses de gestação; G5 - 16 fêmeas recém-paridas, com até 30 dias de puerpério. Em decorrência à amamentação, observou-se que nos primeiros três meses de vida, o lipidograma dos bezerros apresentaram particularidades em alguns dos seus constituintes, pois os valores de colesterol e de glicose foram maiores, enquanto os de β-HBO foram menores do que os observados nos bezerros desmamados com idade variando entre 3 e 6 meses. Após a desmama, o lipidograma continuou a sofrer influência dos fatores etários, pois com o início da puberdade, após os 12 meses de idade, os teores séricos de colesterol aumentaram gradativamente atingindo o valor máximo entre 24 e 48 meses de idade, sendo que a partir desta faixa etária o colesterol deixou de sofrer influência dos fatores etários. Com relação à influência dos fatores etários observou-se, ainda, que os teores séricos de triglicérides encontrados em animais com idade maior do que 48 meses foram menores do que nos animais mais jovens e que os teores plasmáticos de glicose diminuíram gradualmente com o evoluir da idade. O lipidograma de bovinos sadios da raça Holandesa sofreu influência dos fatores sexuais pois os teores séricos de colesterol e β-HBO para machos adultos foram menores do que os teores encontrados para fêmeas adultas enquanto os teores plasmáticos de glicose obtidos para machos adultos foram maiores que os teores encontrados para fêmeas adultas. O lipidograma de fêmeas bovinas sadias da raça Holandesa sofreu influência da gestação pois os teores séricos de NEFA foram maiores no terço final de gestação enquanto os teores séricos de β - HBO foram maiores durante o terço inicial de gestação. Durante o puerpério observou-se a significativa influência desse fator nos constituintes do lipidograma, pois nos primeiros 30 dias após a parição verificou-se que os teores séricos de NEFA e β - HBO foram maiores enquanto que os teores de triglicérides foram menores nos animais paridos em relação àqueles que estavam em gestação. Diante dos resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa e considerando-se os seus fatores de variabilidade, recomenda-se, baseado nos intervalos de confiança, a adoção dos seguintes valores de referência para o lipidograma de bovinos da raça Holandesa, criados no Estado de São Paulo: teores séricos de colesterol - entre 86,5 e 120,8 mg/dL para bezerros lactentes com até 3 meses de idade; entre 46,3 e 79,7 mg/dL para bezerros desmamados com 3 a 12 meses de idade; entre 86,4 e 105,0 mg/dL para novilhas com 12 a 24 meses de idade; entre 116,0 e 147,9 mg/dL para vacas adultas com mais de 24 meses de idade; teores séricos de triglicérides - entre 16,3 e 34,8 mg/dL para animais com até 48 meses de idade; entre 14,9 e 24,0 mg/dL para animais com mais de 48 meses de idade; teores séricos de NEFA - entre 91,3 e 294,0 μM/L independente da faixa etária; teores séricos de β-HBO - entre 1,1 e 2,1 mg/dL para bezerros com até 3 meses de idade; entre 3,37 e 6,2 mg/dL para animais com mais de 3 meses de idade; teores plasmáticos de glicose - entre 75,1 e 88,3 mg/dL para bezerros lactentes com até 3 meses de idade; entre 64,0 e 76,1 mg/dL para animais jovens entre 3 e 24 meses de idade; entre: 60,6 e 67,2 mg/dL para vacas adultas com mais de 24 meses. Para machos adultos, com mais de 24 meses de idade, recomenda-se a adoção de valores de referência diferenciados para os seguintes constituintes do lipidograma: teores séricos de colesterol entre 73,9 e 90,2 mg/dL; teores séricos de β-HBO entre 3,1 e 3,6 mg/dL e teores plasmáticos de glicose entre 71,9 e 76,5 mg/dL. Os valores de referência apresentados anteriormente não devem ser utilizados para vacas que estejam no último mês de gestação e nos primeiros 45 dias de lactação, recomenda-se para este período a adoção de valores de referência específicos para animais na fase de periparto. In order to establish the reference values for the lipid profile of Holstein cattle, bred in the state of São Paulo, we collected and analyzed samples of blood serum and plasma of 413 clinically healthy animals. We determined the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxibutyrate (β-HBO) and glucose and analyzed the influence of age, gender and gestation on those biochemical parameters. The influence of age was studied through 273 samples of serum and plasma, divided in 7 experimental sub-groups: G1 - 20 heifer calves up to 3 months old; G2 - 20 heifer calves between 3 and 6 months; G3 - 20 heifer calves between 6 and 12 months; G4 - 40 heifers between 12 and 24 months; G5 - 73 cows between 24 and 48 months; G6 - 55 cows between 48 and 72 months; G7 - 45 cows with more than 72 months of age. The influence of gender was studied through serum and plasma of blood samples collected from 30 adult males and 30 adult females. The influence of gestation and puerperium was studied through serum and plasma from 75 animals divided into 5 experimental subgroups: G1 - 16 non pregnant females; G2 - 18 females in the initial phase of gestation, up to 3 months; G3 -15 pregnant females, with gestation between 3 and 6 months; G4 - 15 females in the last stage of gestation, between 6 and 9 months; G5 - 16 females soon after delivery, up to 30 days in puerperium. Due to lactation, we observed that in the first 3 months of life, the calves' lipid profile has particularities in some of its constituents, such as higher levels of cholesterol and glucose and lower levels of β-HBO, if compared to those observed in weaned calves between 3 and 6 months of age. After weaning, the lipid profile continued to be influenced by age; in the early stages of puberty, after 12 months of age, the serum cholesterol concentration increased gradually reaching its peak between 24 and 48 months - after this stage, the serum cholesterol concentration was no longer influenced by the animals' age. Also concerning the age, we observed that the serum triglyceride concentration in animals older than 48 months was lower than that of younger animals and the glucose concentration in the plasma diminished gradually with age. The lipid profile of healthy Holstein cattle was influenced by the gender of the animals. The serum concentrations of cholesterol and β-HBO for adult males were lower than those for adult females. The plasma glucose in adult males was higher than that in adult females. The lipid profile of healthy Holstein cows was influenced by gestation. The serum concentration of NEFA was higher in the last trimester of gestation while the serum concentration of β-HBO was higher in the first trimester of gestation. The puerperium had a significant influence on the lipid profile. In the first 30 days after delivery, the serum concentrations of NEFA and β-HBO were higher, while the triglycerides were lower when compared to those of cows during gestation. According to the results of this research and considering its variability factors, we suggest, based on the confidence interval, the use of the following reference values for the lipid profile of Holstein cattle bred in the state of São Paulo: serum cholesterol concentration - between 86.5 and 120.8 mg/dL for lactating calves up to 3 months old; between 46.3 and 79.7 mg/dL for weaned calves between 3 and 12 months; between 86.4 and 105.0 mg/dL for heifers between 12 and 24 months; between 116.0 and 147.9 mg/dL for adult cows older than 24 months; serum triglycerides concentration - between 16.3 and 34.8 mg/dL for animals up to 48 months; between 14.9 and 24.0 mg/dL for animals older than 48 months; serum NEFA concentration - between 91.3 and 294.0 μM/L regardless of the age; serum β-HBO concentration - between 1.1 and 2.1 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 3.37 and 6.2 mg/dL for animals older than 3 months; plasma glucose concentration - between 75.1 and 88.3 mg/dL for lactating calves up to 3 months old; between 64.0 and 76.1 mg/dL for animals between 3 and 24 months; between 60.6 and 67.2 mg/dL for adult cows older than 24 months. For adult males, older than 24 months, we suggest different reference values for the following constituents of the lipid profile: Serum cholesterol concentration between 73.9 and 90.2 mg/dL; serum β-HBO concentration between 3.1 and 3.6 mg/dL and plasma glucose concentration between 71.9 and 76.5 mg/dL. The reference values that were previously presented should not be used for cows in the last month of gestation and in the first 45 days of lactation. In this case, the reference values should be specific for animals around parturition.

The purpose of this study was to establish normal reference electrocardiographic (ECG) values for standard limb lead II in Saanen goats. For this, were used 19 healthy adult female Saanen goats. And for reference values for the ECG parameters, were used 95% confidence level. The overall P, Q, R, S and T durations (seconds) were 0.03±0.01, 0.02±0.005, 0.03±0.014, 0.03±0.011, 0.06±0.014 respectively, and the reference values were 0.01-0.04, 0.01-0.02, 0.01-0.06, 0.02-0.04 and 0.04-0.08 respectively. The amplitudes (milivolts) of these waveforms were 0.1±0.031, 0.06±0.023, 0.44±0.312, 0.39±0.434, 0.26±0.164 (T negative) and 0.15±0.071 (T positive), respectively. The reference values were 0.05-0.15, 0.05-0.1, 0.05-1.2, 0.05-1.1 and -0.2-0.7 respectively. The PR and QT interval, the QRS complex and the ST segment durations (seconds) were 0.08±0.018, 0.26±0.03, 0.05±0.008, 0.15±0.041 respectively. The reference values were 0.06-0.12, 0.2-0.32, 0.04-0.07 and 0.11-0.26, respectively. It was possible to observe differences in ECG of Saanen goats regarding the amplitude and duration of the constituents when compared to the results of other breeds. Therefore it is necessary to conduct further studies to allow comparisons, detect and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias and help the development of therapies. O objetivo deste estudo foi de estabelecer os valores de referência para o eletrocardiograma normal de derivação II de cabras Saanen sadias. As durações totais (segundos) das amplitudes de P, Q, R, S e T foram 0.03±0.01, 0.02±0.005, 0.03±0.014, 0.03±0.011, 0.06±0.014, respectivamente, e os valores de referência foram 0.01-0.04, 0.01-0.02, 0.01-0.06, 0.02-0.04 e 0.04-0.08, respectivamente. As amplitudes (milivolts) dessas formas de onda foram 0.1±0.031, 0.06±0.023, 0.44±0.312, 0.39±0.434, 0.26±0.164 (T negativo) e 0.15±0.071 (T positivo), respectivamente. Os valores de referência foram 0.05-0.15, 0.05-0.1, 0.05-1.2, 0.05-1.1 e -0.2-0.7, respectivamente. As durações (segundos) dos intervalos PR e QT, do complexo QRS e do segmento ST foram 0.08±0.018, 0.26±0.03, 0.05±0.008, 0.15±0.041, respectivamente. Os valores de referência foram 0.06-0.12, 0.2-0.32, 0.04-0.07, e 0.11-0.26, respectivamente. Foi possível observar diferenças em relação à duração e amplitude dos constituintes do ECG quando comparados com os resultados de outras raças. Portanto, torna-se necessário a realização de mais estudos para se permitir comparações, detectar e diagnosticar arritmias cardíacas bem como auxiliar no desenvolvimento de terapias.

Foi realizado o estudo retrospectivo das afecções do sistema locomotor de ruminantes atendidos no Serviço de Clínica de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), no período de 2000 a 2012. Nesse período, foram atendidos 209 casos de animais com problemas locomotores, dos quais 62,7% localizados na região distal dos membros e 37,3% na região proximal. Na espécie bovina, com 121 (57,9%) casos atendidos, o comprometimento da região distal dos membros foi observado em 86 (71,07%) e da região proximal em 35 (28,93%) dos casos, respectivamente. A afecção mais frequente observada em bovinos foi a hiperplasia interdigital com 26,74% (23) dos casos atendidos. Entre as afecções na região proximal, houve maior ocorrência de fraturas, com 48,6% (17) dos casos. Foram atendidos 88 (42,1%) pequenos ruminantes, apresentando lesões na região distal em 51,1% (45) dos casos e 48,9% (43) com lesões na região proximal. Nessas espécies, as lesões de maior ocorrência nas regiões distais e proximais foram, respectivamente, o foot-rot (60%) e as fraturas (77,4%). As afecções do sistema locomotor dos ruminantes foram pouco frequentes entre os animais atendidos no período estudado. Quanto ao prognóstico, foi bom nos animais acometidos com doenças podais, diferentemente das afecções proximais dos bovinos, principalmente fraturas, que apresentaram prognóstico mau.

Com a finalidade de estabelecer valores de referência e de avaliar a influência do fator etário sobre o eritrograma de bezerras sadias, da raça Holandesa, utilizaram-se amostras de sangue de 300 animais, distribuídos por 15 grupos experimentais, de acordo com a idade, no primeiro mês de vida. As variações dos valores médios obtidos para os componentes do eritrograma foram as seguintes: número de hemácias (x10(6)/mm³) = 6,68-7,60, volume globular (%) = 29,80-33,35, taxa de hemoglobina (g/dl) = 9,00-10,43, volume corpuscular médio (fl) = 38,93 47,68, hemoglobina corpuscular média (pg) = 11,75-14,69, concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (%) = 29,53-31,63% e número de reticulócitos (x10³/mm³) = 0,00-11,86. A influência do fator etário provou-se significativa para o volume corpuscular médio, hemoglobina corpuscular média e número de reticulócitos. In order to establish reference values, and to assess the influence of the age factor on the erytrogram of healthy Holstein calves, blood samples from 300 animals were used, spread over 15 experimental groups, according to age, in the first month of life. Variations of the average values for the components of erytrogram were as follows: number of red blood cells (x10(6)/mm³) = 6.68-7.60, packed cell volume (%) = 29.80-33.35, hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) = 9.00-10.43, mean corpuscular volume (fl) = 38.93-47.68, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) = 11.75-14.69, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (%) = 29.53-31.63% and number of reticulocytes (x10³/mm³) = 0.00-11.86. The influence of the age factor proved to be significant for the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and the number of reticulocytes.

Aiming to assess the relationship among hepatic function, lipid profile and endometrium inflammatory disorders (acute postpartum endometritis, placental retention and genital catarrhal discharges), 126 blood samples were collected from Holstein cows. Hepatic function was assessed by total serum protein, albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and bilirubin measurement. Lipid profile assessment was measured by serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate. The results indicate that the albumin values of cows presenting placental retention and chronic puerperal endometritis are lower than those of health cows. KEYWORDS: Acute postpartum endometritis, bovine, genital catarrh, hepatic function, Holstein, lipid profile, placental retention.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the bone tissue recovery following transplantation of ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow and human immature dental-pulp stem cells (hIDPSC) in ovine model of induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). METHODS: Eight sheep were divided in three experimental groups. First group was composed by four animals with ONFH induced by ethanol through central decompression (CD), for control group without any treatment. The second and third group were compose by two animals, six weeks after ONFH induction received transplantation of heterologous ovine MSC (CD + oMSC), and hIDPSC (CD + hIDPSC), respectively. In both experiments the cells were transplanted without application of any type of immunosupression protocol. RESULTS: Our data indicate that both cell types used in experiments were able to proliferate within injured site providing bone tissue recovery. The histological results obtained from CD+hIDPSC suggested that the bone regeneration in such animals was better than that observed in CD animals. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cell transplant in induced ovine osteonecrosis of femoral head by central decompression technique is safe, and apparently favors bone regeneration of damaged tissues.

With the aim to establish reference values of the protein, fat and total solids of milk from Jersey cows, raised in the State of São Paulo, during the first month of lactation, as well as to evaluate the influence of the colostral phase, 418 milk samples, obtained from healthy mammary glands without bacterial growth, were analized. Milk samples were aseptically collected before milking and protein, fat and total solids determined by infrared radiation. The milk protein level decrease from first to second day of lactation, while milk total solids level decreased during the first 24 hours after parturition. Milk fat level oscillated in the first 3 days of lactation and then decreased to the minimum values between 15-30 days of lactation. We suggest, for the first 24 hours of lactation (colostral phase) the use of the following reference values: protein- between 7,35 and 11,45 g/dl; fat- between 0,98 and 2,00 g/dl ; total solids - between 12,39 and 19,45 g/dl Com a finalidade de estabelecer os valores de referência dos teores de proteína, gordura e sólidos totais do leite de bovinos da raça Jersey, criados no Estado de São Paulo, durante o primeiro mês de lactação, bem como avaliar a influência da fase colostral, examinaram-se 418 amostras de leite, provenientes de quartos mamários sadios e sem crescimento bacteriano. O leite foi colhido assepticamente antes da ordenha e os valores de proteína, gordura e sólidos totais foram determinados por radiação infra vermelho. Os teores de proteína na secreção láctea diminuíram abruptamente do 1º para o 2º dia de lactação, enquanto os teores de sólidos totais diminuíram abruptamente nas primeiras 24 horas após o parto. Após oscilaram muito nos primeiros três dias de lactação, observou-se que os valores de gordura diminuíam atingindo os valores mínimos entre o 15º e 30º dia de lactação. Sugere-se nas primeiras 24 horas de lactação (período colostral) a adoção dos seguintes valores de referência: proteína - entre 7,35 e 11,45 g/dL; gordura - 0,98 e 2,00 g/dL; e sólidos totais - entre 12,39 e 19,45 g/dL

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do puerpério fisiológico e da fase pós-puerperal no lipidograma de vacas sadias foram colhidas 104 amostras de sangue por punção da veia coccígea de fêmeas da raça Holandesa criadas no Estado de São Paulo. O lipidograma foi avaliado pela determinação dos teores séricos de colesterol, triglicérides, ácidos graxos não esterificados, beta-hidroxibutirato, e teores plasmáticos de glicose. Observou-se que os teores séricos de colesterol aumentaram gradativamente, enquanto os teores de ácidos graxos não esterificados diminuíram gradativamente com a evolução do puerpério. Na fase pós-puerperal (mais de 45 dias pós-parto) ocorreu a estabilização dos valores de colesterol e de ácidos graxos não esterificados.

Para avaliar a influencia de fatores raciais sobre a funcao hepatica de bovinos foram colhidas 134 amostras de sangue, sendo 67 animais da raca Jersey e 67 da raca Holandesa, criados em Sao Paulo. No soro sanguineo realizaram-se as seguintes determinacoes: proteinograma; atividade enzimatica da aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), bilirrubinas indireta, direta e total. A avaliacao do proteinograma demonstrou a influencia dos fatores raciais, pois os valores medios da proteina total dos bovinos da raca Jersey (6,37±0,90 g/dl) foram menores do que os animais da raca Holandesa (6,82±0,97 g/dl).Essas variacoes foram decorrentes as fracoes proteicas que correspondem as globulinas, sendo os teores medios obtidos para bovinos da raca Jersey (3,13 ± 0,81g/dl) menores do que os encontrados para bovinos da raca Holandesa (3,73 ± 0,99 g/dl). Os valores das alfa-, beta- e gama-globulinas obtidos nos animais da raca Jersey (iguais a 0,89±0,14 g/dl; 0,71±0,14 g/dl; 2,03±0,38 g/dl) foram menores do que os encontrados para bovinos da raca Holandesa (iguais a 1,00±0,16 g/dl; 0,76±0,15 g/dl; 2,20±0,45 g/dl). A avaliacao da atividade enzimatica revelou a influencia dos fatores raciais nos resultados da AST, sendo os valores dos bovinos Jersey (49,27±17,87 U/l) maiores do que os da raca Holandesa (34,76±10,61 U/l), enquanto para a GGT nao foram observadas diferencas significativas entre os resultados da raca Jersey (19,46±33,11 U/l) e da raca Holandesa (19,08±33,26 U/l). A avaliacao dos teores sericos de bilirrubinas evidenciou variacoes sob influencia racial para os teores de bilirrubinas indireta e total, sendo os valores obtidos para a raca Jersey (0,40±0,33 mg/dl de bilirrubina indireta e 0,44±0,33 mg/dl de bilirrubina total) maiores do que os observados para a raca Holandesa (0,22±0,19 mg/dl de bilirrubina indireta e 0,25±0,19 mg/dl de bilirrubina total).

Para avaliar a influência da gestação e do puerpério sobre o eritrograma de caprinos (Capra hircus) foram coletadas 150 amostras de sangue de cabras sadias da raça Saanen, criadas no Estado de São Paulo, distribuídas em cinco grupos com 30 animais cada: G1 - cabras não prenhes; G2 - fase inicial da gestação (30 -| 60 dias de prenhez); G3 - fase média da gestação (60 -| 120 dias de prenhez); G4 - fase final da gestação (>; 120 dias de prenhez); e G5 - recém-paridas(cabras com até 30 dias pós-parto). Nas amostras de sangue coletadas em frascos contendo EDTA, foram realizadas as seguintes análises: contagem do número de hemácias, determinação do volume globular, dosagem de hemoglobina, e cálculo dos índices hematimétricos (Volume Corpuscular Médio - VCM, Hemoglobina Corpuscular Médio - HCM, Concentração de Hemoglobina Corpuscular - CHCM). Constatou-se a influência da gestação e do puerpério sobre o eritrograma, pois na fase final da gestação, houve diminuição do número de hemácias, valores estes que retornaram no puerpério aos patamares observados nas cabras não prenhes, fases inicial e média da gestação. A avaliação do volume globular e da taxa de hemoglobina não revelou variações significativas que pudessem ser atribuídas à gestação ou ao puerpério. Na análise dos índices hematimétricos, verificou-se que os valores do VCM e do HCM foram maiores nas cabras na fase final de gestação e nas recém-paridas.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia da paricao e do puerperio sobre o eritrograma de caprinos da raca Saanen foram colhidas 360 amostras de sangue de 20 cabras, sendo os resultados apresentados em 18 momentos do puerperio: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 e ½ dias antes do parto, imediatamentee apos a paricao, ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 dias apos o parto.Nas amostras de sangue colhidas em frascos contendo EDTA, foram realizadas as seguintes determinacoes: contagem do numero de hemacias, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o liquido de Gower como diluidor; determinacao do volume globular, pelo metodo do microhematocrito; dosagem da taxa de hemoglobina, pelo metodo da cianometahemoglobina e calculo dos indices hematimetricos absolutos (VCM, HCM, CHCM). A avaliacao dos resultados obtidos demonstrou que o eritrograma nao sofreu influencia da paricao e do puerperio.

Para avaliar a influência da gestação e do puerpério sobre os constituintes do leucograma de caprinos da raça Saanen foram colhidas 150 amostras de sangue, distribuídas em 5 grupos com 30 animais cada: cabras não prenhes; fase inicial da gestação (30 -| 60 dias de prenhez); fase média da gestação (60 -| 120 dias de prenhez); fase final da gestação (> 120 dias de prenhez); e recém-paridas (< 30 dias de puerpério). Nas amostras de sangue, colhidas em frascos contendo EDTA, foi realizada a contagem do número total de leucócitos em câmara de Neubauer, utilizando-se o líquido de Thoma como diluidor e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos,efetuada em esfregaços sangüíneos, corados pelo Método de Rosenfeld. Observou-se a influência da gestação sobre o leucograma, pois o quadro leucocitário foi caracterizado por uma diminuição gradual do número de leucócitos com o avançar da gestação, atingindo seus menores valores no final da gestação e no puerpério. Essa diminuição ocorreu devido ao comportamento observado para o número absoluto de linfócitos, que também diminuiu com a evolução da gestação. Dessa forma, o quadro leucocitário tornou-se, predominantemente, neutrofílico na fase final da gestação e no puerpério. With the intention of evaluating the influence of pregnancy and puerperium in the leucogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus), blood samples were taken from 150 goats bred on the State of São Paulo and were allotted into 5 experimental groups of 30 goats each as described: non-pregnant; initial pregnancy (30 to 60 days of pregnancy); middle pregnancy (60 to 120 days of pregnancy); late pregnancy (more than 120 days of pregnancy); kidding goats (until 30 days after parturition). The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following tests: total leukocyte counts (in the modified Neubauer hemocytometer, using Thoma's liquid as a dilute); and differential leukocyte count (made up with blood smears and stained with Rosenfeld method). The influence of pregnancy and puerperium on the leucogram was verified due to a gradual decrease on the number of leucocytes further on in pregnancy, reaching its lower values at the end of pregnancy and puerperium. This decrease occurred due to behavior observed on the absolute number of lymphocytes that also decreased further on in pregnancy. Therefore the leucograma became mostly neutrophilic at the end of pregnancy and puerperium.

Estabeleceram-se os valores de referencia do leucograma de bovinos da raca Jersey, criados no Estado de Sao Paulo, avaliando-se a influencia exercida pelos fatores etarios em amostras de sangue colhidas de 253 femeas clinicamente sadias e nao-reagentes ao antigeno do Virus da Leucose dos Bovinos. Nas amostras de sangue, que continham EDTA como anticoagulante, foi realizada a contagem do numero total de leucocitos, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o liquido de Thoma como diluidor e a contagem diferencial de leucocitos, efetuada em esfregacos sanguineos, corados pelo metodo de Rosenfeld. Demonstrou-se que o leucograma desses bovinos sofria influencia dos fatores etarios. O numero total de leucocitos e linfocitos aumentou ate 12 meses de idade, estabilizando-se entre 12 e 24 meses, para, a seguir, diminuir, progressivamente, com o desenvolvimento etario, sendo o quadro leucocitario predominantemente linfocitario. Essas variacoes foram atribuidas, principalmente, ao comportamento do numero absoluto de linfocitos. O numero absoluto do total de neutrofilos nao demonstrou variacoes significativas que pudessem ser atribuidas a influencia dos fatores etarios, mas o numero absoluto de neutrofilos com nucleo em bastonete foi maior nos bezerros com ate 6 meses de idade. O numero absoluto de eosinofilos aumentou gradativamente com o desenvolvimento etario, nao se observando variacoes significativas do numero absoluto de basofilos e monocitos. Os valores de referencia determinados para o leucograma, expressos em numeros absolutos, foram os seguintes: leucocitos- 11.847 ± 3.374 celulas/mm³; neutrofilos bastonete- 80 ± 122 celulas/mm³; neutrofilos segmentado- 2.457 ± 1.311 celulas/mm³; total de neutrofilos- 2.537 ± 1.354 celulas/mm³; eosinofilos- 335 ± 415 celulas /mm³; basofilos- 84 ± 108 celulas/mm³; linfocitos- 8.716 ± 3.028 celulas/mm³; monocitos- 174 ± 132 celulas/mm³.

The death of cows poisoned by the trichothecene is reported from a cattle herd of animals fed with citrus pulp containing 7 mg/kg of the micotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol Relata-se a morte de bovinos causada pela ingestão de polpa cítrica contaminada pela micotoxina Diacetoxiscirpenol (7mg/kg), pertencente ao grupo dos tricotecenos.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia do periodo colostral no pH e na eletrocondutividade foram colhidas 418 amostras de leite provenientes de mamas sadias de 127 vacas da raca Jersey e que nao apresentem crescimento bacteriano no exame microbiologico. As amostras foram divididas em oito grupos a seguir discriminados: o dia; 2 o dia; 3 o dia; 4 o e 5 o dia; 6 o e 7 o dia; 8 o ao 15 o dia; 16 o ao 30 o dia em lactacao.As amostras foram colhidas antes da ordenha, sendo as seguintes determinacoes realizadas: pH e eletrocondutividade. Durante a fase colostral o valor de pH aumentou ate atingir os valores considerados normais para o leite enquanto o valor da eletrocondutividade diminuiu, sendo que a transicao da secrecao de colostro para leite ocorreu na primeira semana de lactacao. Recomenda-se nas primeiras 24 horas de lactacao (periodo colostral) a adocao dos seguintes limites de normalidade: pH ? 6,51 e eletrocondutividade ? 6,33 mS/cm;. enquanto para o periodo entre o 2 o e 7 o dia de lactacao (transicao de colostro para leite) recomenda-se a adocao dos seguintes limites de normalidade: pH ? 6,66 e eletrocondutividade ? 5,93 S/cm.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:53:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208626800016.pdf: 454406 bytes, checksum: 27dd92a1eab064879cc1bbb2c8c4f4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208626800016.pdf: 454406 bytes, checksum: 27dd92a1eab064879cc1bbb2c8c4f4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208626800016.pdf: 454406 bytes, checksum: 27dd92a1eab064879cc1bbb2c8c4f4ee (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000208626800016.pdf: 454406 bytes, checksum: 27dd92a1eab064879cc1bbb2c8c4f4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-01 Aiming to evaluate the puerperal influence on the proteinogram of Saanen goats, 108 samples of blood serum from 12 goats were collected, and the results were presented at nine times: just after parturition, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21 and 30 days after parturition. Total amount of serum proteins were determined by the biuret technique, and the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to the protein fractionation. In this last method, 17 protein bands were observed, from which molecular weights varied between 25 KDa and 275 KDa. In addition, it was possible to identify the following protein fractions: immunoglobulin A (180 KDa), ceruloplasmin (115 KDa), transferrin (79 KDa), albumin (65 KDa), heavy-chain immunoglobulin G (58 KDa), haptoglobin (45 KDa), acid glycoprotein (37 KDa) and light-chain immunoglobulin G (28 KDa). Another 9 nonidentified protein fractions presented, each molecular weights equal to 275 KDa, 140 KDa, 125 KDa, 103 KDa, 95 KDa, 41 KDa, 35 KDa, 30 Kda and 25 KDa. The results allow us to conclude that by the first week of puerperium, an improvement of acid glycoprotein occurs, whereas those others protein fractions do not suffer any puerperal influence. Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ São Paulo, FMVZ, BR-05508 São Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

In order to establish the reference values for the lipid profile of Holstein cattle, bred in the state of Sao Paulo we analyzed samples of blood serum and plasma of 413 healthy animals. We suggest, based on the confidence interval, the use of the following reference values: cholesterol - between 86.5 and 120.8 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 46.3 and 79.7 mg/dL for calves between 3 and 12 months; between 86.4 and 105.0 mg/dL for heifers between 12 and 24 months; between 116.0 and 147.9 mg/dL for cows older than 24 months; triglycerides - between 16.3 and 34.8 mg/dL for animals up to 48 months; between 14.9 and 24.0 mg/dL for animals older than 48 months; NEFA - between 91.3 and 294.0 µM/L regardless of the age; s-HBO - between 1.1 and 2.1 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 3.37 and 6.2 mg/dL for animals older than 3 months; glucose - between 75.1 and 88.3 mg/dL for calves up to 3 months old; between 64.0 and 76.1 mg/dL for animals between 3 and 24 months; between 60.6 and 67.2 mg/dL for cows older than 24 months. For adult males, older than 24 months, we suggest different reference values for the following constituents: cholesterol - between 73.9 and 90.2 mg/dL; s-HBO - between 3.1 and 3.6 mg/dL and glucose - between 71.9 and 76.5 mg/dL. The reference values that were previously presented should not be used for cows in the last month of gestation and in the first 45 days of lactation. In this case, the reference values should be specific for animals around parturition.