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PURPOSE To compare the accuracy and positive predictive values of the air bubble test (ABT) and endoscopic Jones I test for assessment of anatomical and functional success after diode laser transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (T-DCR). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 60 eyes of 56 patients who underwent T-DCR by a single surgical team from January 2016 to December 2018. All the 56 patients (60 eyes) underwent lacrimal syringing, endoscopic Jones I test, and ABT. Anatomical success was considered as a free passage of fluid with no reflux on the irrigation test. Functional success was defined as the resolution or improvement of epiphora (Munk score of 0 or 1). The results of irrigation test, endoscopic Jones I test, and ABT were used to calculate the accuracy and positive predictive values (PPVs) of ABT and endoscopic Jones I test for assessment of anatomical and functional success (Munk score of 0 or 1) after T-DCR. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS There were 60 T-DCR procedures in 56 patients (82.1% women; 46 patients) with a mean age of 56.4 years (standard deviation: 15.7; range from 29 to 92). The mean follow up was 8.1 months. Overall anatomical and functional success rates were 83.3% (50/60) and 73.3% (44/60), respectively. The PPV of endoscopic Jones I test in anatomical success and functional success was 100% and 88%, respectively. The accuracy of this test in anatomical and functional success was 100% and 81.25%, respectively. The PPV of ABT in anatomical success and functional success was 100% and 90.4%, respectively. The accuracy of this test in anatomical and functional success was 92% and 80.65%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, both endoscopic Jones I test and ABT showed PPV of 100% to detect anatomical success after T-DCR; the endoscopic Jones I test and ABT had 88% and 90.4% of PPV on evaluation of functional success, respectively. Both tests showed good accuracy in the assessment of anatomical and functional success after T-DCR. These outcomes may indicate that ABT could substitute Jones I test on postoperative DCR assessment.

The purpose of this article was to report a case of intraconal lacrimal gland tissue and to review the literature on lacrimal gland choristoma. The magnetic resonance imaging findings of a biopsy-proven orbital case are also presented. A PubMed database search was performed using the key terms heterotopic, ectopic, aberrant, choristoma, and lacrimal gland to identify all the previously documented studies on lacrimal gland choristoma, in English, Spanish, and French. We classified the lacrimal gland choristoma cases classified according to the location of the lesions, clinical appearance, management, and outcome. The search targeting the period between 1887 and 2019 returned 79 articles, which were reviewed. We found a total of 113 cases of choristomas with normal lacrimal gland tissue. Only two of them were not associated with the eye or its adnexa while the remaining 111 lesions were found either on the ocular surface (n=46) or in the orbit (n=34). Intraocular choristomas were found in 18 patients, and the rest of the lesions were noted either on the eyelids (n=10) or in the lacrimal drainage system (n=3). Orbital and intraocular choristomas are the most harmful lesions as orbital choristomas are frequently associated with permanent diplopia while intraocular lacrimal gland choristomas have a poor visual prognosis and are a common cause of enucleation of the eye. In one of the reported cases, a corneal lacrimal gland choristoma had been experimentally induced by activating the FGF10 signaling pathway. Lacrimal gland choristomas are not uncommon. This peculiar type of lesion has been experimentally induced and may appear in a variety of locations associated with the globe and its adnexa. RESUMO Descrever um caso de tecido de glândula lacrimal orbitário intracônico e revisar a literatura sobre choristomas lacrimais. Os termos heterotópico, ectópico, aberrante, choristoma e glândula lacrimal foram usados para procurar manuscritos em inglês, espanhol e francês. Todos os artigos encontrados foram revisados. Os choristomas lacrimais relatados foram classificados segundo a localização das lesões, aparência clínica, manejo e desfecho. Imagens de ressonância magnética de um novo caso orbitário comprovado por biópsia também são apresentadas. Foram revisados setenta e nove artigos, de 1887 a 2019, descrevendo 113 casos de choristomas constituídos por tecido de glândula lacrimal normal. Apenas 2 casos (2%) não estavam associados com o olho ou seus anexos. A maioria das 111 lesões restantes foram encontradas na superfície dos olhos (n=46) e nas órbitas (n=34). Os choristomas intraoculares foram encontrados em 18 pacientes. As demais lesões foram diagnosticadas nas pálpebras (n=10) e no sistema lacrimal (n=3). Os choristomas orbitais e intraoculares foram as lesões mais deletérias. Na órbita eles são frequentemente associados com diplopia permanente. Os choristomas lacrimais intraoculares imitam neoplasias e são uma causa comum de enucleação. Os choristomas lacrimais não são incomuns. Este tipo peculiar de lesão já foi induzido experimentalmente uma única vez e pode aparecer em uma variedade de locais associados ao globo e sua anexos. Os choristomas intraoculares têm um prognóstico visual ruim.

BACKGROUND Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the gold standard surgical treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. External DCR is the traditional approach (EXT-DCR); however, the advent of minimally invasive surgeries and the development of optic fiber and laser technologies have made it possible to perform laser transcanalicular DCR (T-DCR), a minimally invasive procedure. This study measured the fluorescein transit time (FTT) after EXT-DCR or T-DCR to evaluate the lacrimal drainage and lacrimal pump function after these two types of DCR. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 50 patients who underwent EXT-DCR (EXT-DCR Group) or T-DCR (T-DCR Group), who were anatomically patent upon irrigation, with a minimum 6 months of follow up. The patients' FTT was measured; it was defined as the time from the instillation of the dye into conjunctival sac to its free flow from the rhinostomy site. This evaluation was performed through nasal endoscopy performed intranasally with a blue filter that enabled the faster detection of fluorescein from the ostium site. The mean FTTs of the two groups were compared using the two-sided Student's unpaired t-test. Other variables such as sex, age, previous lacrimal sac size, and the site and shape of the rhinostomy were evaluated to determine their possible relationships with FTT. RESULTS The EXT-DCR group had 80% female patients at a mean age of 58 years. The T-DCR group had the same percentage of female patients (80%) and a mean age of 56 years. The mean FTT group was 47.48 sec in the EXT-DCR and 33.04 sec in the T-DCR group. Functional success was 88% in both groups. CONCLUSION FTT in the DCR-T Group was significantly lower than in the EXT-DCR Group. No other variables exhibited a statistically significant correlation with FTT. Lacrimal drainage was found to be better after T-DCR than after EXT-DCR, results which show that this procedure could prevent lacrimal pump damage.

Purpose: To determine the reliability of the endoscopic dye transit test for the prediction of functional success after dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 patients who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy Group or transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy Group and had anatomically patent ducts during irrigation, with a minimum 6-month follow-up. The external dacryocystorhinostomy, defined as the time from instillation of the dye into the conjunctival sac until its flow from the rhinostomy site, was performed in all patients. Positive predictive value of the endoscopic dye transit test to assess functional success was analyzed. The cutoff point was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Of the 50 patients, 44 (88%) exhibited subjective improvement or complete resolution of epiphora (functional success). The best cutoff point for the endoscopic dye transit test was 60 s. Of 39 patients with endoscopic dye transit test £60 s, 38 (97.4%) exhibited functional success, demonstrating a 97.4% positive predictive value. Conclusion: The endoscopic dye transit test £60 s is a reliable tool to predict functional success and good prognosis after external or laser transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy. RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a confiabilidade do teste endoscópico do corante na predição do sucesso funcional após dacriocistorrinostomia. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 50 pacientes submetidos ao grupo de dacriocistorrinostomia externa ou grupo dacriocistorrinostomia transcanalicular e que possuíam dutos anatomicamente patentes pela irrigação, com seguimento mínimo de 6 meses. A dacriocistorrinostomia externa, definida como o tempo desde a instilação do corante no saco conjuntival até o fluxo do local da rinostomia, foi realizada em todos os pacientes. O valor preditivo positivo do teste endoscópico do corante para avaliar o sucesso funcional foi analisado. O ponto de corte foi determinado usando uma curva característica de operação do receptor. Resultados: Dos 50 pacientes, 44 (88%) apresentaram melhora subjetiva ou resolução completa da epífora (sucesso funcional). O melhor ponto de corte para o teste endoscópico do corante foi de 60 s. Dos 39 pacientes com teste endoscópico do corante £60 s, 38 (97,4%) apresentaram sucesso funcional, demonstrando um valor preditivo positivo de 97,4%. Conclusão: O teste endoscópico do corante £60 s é uma ferramenta confiável para predizer o sucesso funcional e o bom prognóstico após dacriocistorrinostomia transcanalicular externa ou a laser.

Ductal cysts of the accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring are rare clinical entities. They typically present as mobile and translucent lesions on the superior or inferior tarsal borders. Here, the authors describe a 7-year-old male child presenting with giant bilateral cysts of Wolfring. Management of such cysts is primarily surgical and the preferred route for excision is transconjunctival. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a bilateral Wolfring dacryops affecting a child.Cysts of the accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring are rare clinical entities. To the authors' knowledge, here the authors describe the first report of a bilateral Wolfring dacryops affecting a child.

Purpose To report a multicenter large case series of orbital decompression for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. Methods Retrospective chart review of cases of orbital decompression performed by 9 experienced orbital surgeons from different countries from 2014 to 2017 for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) negative vector (high axial length or shallow orbit), 2) inflammatory, and 3) tumor. Types of orbital decompression and Hertel exophthalmometry (preoperative and minimum 6 months postoperative) were recorded. Charts were also assessed for serious complications. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was recorded according to the above groups. Results The analysis included 41 orbits of 29 patients (14 women and 15 men) with a mean age of 38.9 years (ranging from 9 to 74; standard deviation (SD) 15.66). There were 17 orbits of 11 patients in the negative vector group, 16 orbits of 10 patients in the inflammatory group, and 8 orbits of 8 patients in the tumor group. The mean reduction of proptosis was 2.95 mm in the negative vector group, 2.54 mm in the inflammatory group, and 5.75 mm in the tumor group. There were no serious complications. Conclusions Orbital decompression was safe and effective in reducing proptosis for non-thyroid eye disease indications in this series. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was less in the inflammatory orbitopathy group compared with other proptosis etiology groups.Orbital decompression may have a role in improving proptosis in non-thyroid eye disease entities.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe a variation in technique of the frontalis sling surgery with silicone rods and its results, using an alternative needle with similar effectiveness to the Wright needle at a reduced cost. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, noncomparative study of patients with severe ptosis who underwent surgical correction using a simple and modified frontalis sling surgery technique. Patients were included in this study from January 2012 to January 2014. 23 surgeries were performed on 15 patients. The minimum "follow-up" was 12 months. Results: Most patients had congenital ptosis (86%) and the average preoperative margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) was -1.1 mm (range -3 to 0 mm). 1 week post-operation, this was 2.7 mm ( 1.8 to 3.8 mm), 1.8 mm after 1 month and 1.7 mm (1 to 2.5 mm) after one year. The satisfaction rate was 80% (12 patients). Among the dissatisfied patients, one had extrusion and infection with subsequent explantation of the wire, one had asymmetry greater than 2 mm and one had persistent lagophthalmos and punctate keratitis, with subsequent explantation of silicone. Conclusion: The use of silicone rods with tarsal fixation using an alternative needle was effective in the treatment of severe ptosis with few complication rates, a low rate of dissatisfaction and good stability of the results in the follow-up period.

Lipoma is a usually painless benign adipose tumor. Nevertheless, it can cause compression of adjacent structures, depending on its location. Mucoceles are benign cystic lesions in the frontal-ethmoidal region, caused by chronic obstruction of the paranasal sinus and consequent inflammatory processes. The increase of mucocele diameter caused by inflammation often results in bony degradation and reabsorption, increasing pressure on adjacent structures, including the orbit and the base of the skull, leading to possibly serious consequences. Here we report a case of lipoma mimicking a frontal mucocele, managed surgically at the Ophthalmological Hospital of Anapolis.

To our knowledge, we report the first case of an extraconal orbital cystic schwannoma in Brazilian literature. The tumor grew slowly and progressively and was associated with minimal eccentric proptosis and diplopia. The radiologic study (orbital computed tomography) revealed a rounded, encapsulated, and extraconal cystic mass in the superior medial region of the right orbit in the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve topography. An anterior orbitotomy with full excision of the tumor was performed, and the histopathology examination revealed that the tumor was a schwannoma. After the surgery, the patient experienced total remission of his symptoms.

We report a case of primary bilateral mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the lacrimal sac. MALT lymphoma is a subtype of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. When the primary site of the lymphoma is the lacrimal sac, it mimics chronic dacryocystitis. This may delay diagnosis, with potentially lethal results. Primary bilateral and symmetric MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal sac mimicking chronic dacryocystitis

Resumo A ictiose lamelar e uma doenca congenita de heranca autossomica recessiva que se caracteriza clinicamente por descamacao de toda a superficie corporal devido hiperceratose mucocutânea que pode levar a comprometimento oftalmologico. Neste estudo relatamos um caso de cisto ductal de glândula lacrimal em paciente portador de ictiose lamelar atendido no Hospital Oftalmologico de Anapolis.

External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the gold standard surgical technique for the treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). However, new techniques such as endoscopic DCR and transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (T-DCR) are being studied in an attempt to reduce surgical time, avoid external scarring and preserve the lacrimal pump while achieving the same efficacy. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy between conventional T-DCR and modified transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (MT-DCR) in patients with PANDO. MT-DCR is performed to remove nasal mucosa prior to laser osteotomy. This is a comparative, prospective, interventionist and randomized study. Patients with PANDO were selected to undergo MT-DCR or T-DCR by blocked randomization. PANDO was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, dye disappearance test and dacryocystography. All of the procedures were performed by the same surgery team members. Anatomical success outcome was defined as positive lacrimal syringing and functional success outcome was defined as the absence or improvement of epiphora. A total of 44 surgical procedures were performed (22 MT-DCR and 22 T-DCR). In the case of MT-DCR, the anatomical and functional success rates after 12 months were 90 and 86%, respectively. After T-DCR, these rates were 77 and 72%, respectively (p = 0.162). MT-DCR and T-DCR are both safe and fast procedures with low morbidity and well-tolerated.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal spindle-cell neoplasm commonly found in the pleura; it is rare in the orbit and extremely rare in the lacrimal gland. We herein report a case of SFT of the lacrimal gland that mimicked a pleo morphic adenoma. We discuss the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings that provided insight and rationale to accurately diagnose this case.

The authors report the first case in Brazilian literature of orbital apocrine hidrocystoma with immunohistochemistry confirmation. The tumor had been growing slowly and progressively, there was no history of impaired vision, diplopia, watering, discharge, or prior trauma. There was no proptosis and extraocular mobility was normal. The radiologic study by orbital computerized tomography revealed an extraconal nodule, with partially defined limits, with cystic and solid areas in the superomedial right orbit. An anterior orbitotomy, with full excision of the tumor was performed. A histopathology examination revealed apocrine hidrocystoma and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. After surgery, the patient had total remission of symptoms.

Objective: To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction after upper blepharoplasty and to correlate the findings with changes between preoperative and postoperative eyelid measurements using a digital imaging system. Methods: A total of 60 eyelids in 30 patients with dermatochalasis who were treated in the ambulatory center of the Department of Oculoplastic Surgery at the Anápolis Ophthalmology Hospital were evaluated. Patients ranged from 40 to 80 years of age. Photographs were taken before the upper blepharoplasty procedure and 90 days after as well. The images were transferred to the ImageJ 1.34n program. The parameters analyzed were palpebral fissure height in primary position and margin-crease distance. The correlations between these measurements and patient satisfaction 90 days after surgery were evaluated. Results: This study revealed an increase in the margin-crease distance after upper blepharoplasty and a high positive correlation (0.64) between the increase in this height and the level of satisfaction that the patients attributed to the surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative palpebral fissure heights. Conclusion: The margin-crease distance may serve as a quantitative measurement of a good cosmetic and functional outcome, since it has been found to be strong correlated with patient satisfaction. Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar de maneira quantitativa e qualitativa o resultado pós-operatório e a satisfação de pacientes submetidos à blefaroplastia superior e correlacionar com as medidas palpebrais antes e após a cirurgia utilizando o sistema de imagem digital. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 60 pálpebras de 30 pacientes com dermatocálase atendidos no ambulatório de Plástica Ocular do Hospital Oftalmológico de Anápolis, com idade entre 40 e 80 anos. Foram realizadas fotografias antes e 90 dias após blefaroplastia superior. Essas imagens foram transferidas para o programa Image J 1.34n e analisados os parâmetros de altura da fenda palpebral em posição primária do olhar e distância margem-sulco palpebral. Foram avaliadas as correlações dessas medidas com a satisfação do paciente após 90 dias de pós-operatório. Resultados: O estudo mostrou um aumento da distância margem-sulco palpebral após blefaroplastia superior e uma correlação fortemente positiva (0,64) entre o aumento dessa medida e a nota de avaliação atribuída pelo paciente à cirurgia. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na altura da fenda palpebral antes e após a cirurgia. Conclusão: A utilização da medida da distância margem-sulco pode servir como parâmetro quantitativo de um bom resultado estético e funcional, apresentando uma forte correlação com a satisfação dos pacientes no pós-operatório.

Resumo A ictiose lamelar é uma doença congênita de herança autossômica recessiva que se caracteriza clinicamente por descamação de toda a superfície corporal devido hiperceratose mucocutânea que pode levar a comprometimento oftalmológico. Neste estudo relatamos um caso de cisto ductal de glândula lacrimal em paciente portador de ictiose lamelar atendido no Hospital Oftalmológico de Anápolis.

Lipoma is a usually painless benign adipose tumor. Nevertheless, it can cause compression of adjacent structures, depending on its location. Mucoceles are benign cystic lesions in the frontal-ethmoidal region, caused by chronic obstruction of the paranasal sinus and consequent inflammatory processes. The increase of mucocele diameter caused by inflammation often results in bony degradation and reabsorption, increasing pressure on adjacent structures, including the orbit and the base of the skull, leading to possibly serious consequences. Here we report a case of lipoma mimicking a frontal mucocele, managed surgically at the Ophthalmological Hospital of Anapolis.