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This study sought to identify and quantify the trampling of carcasses of animals along the highways in the northwest region of the state of Paraná and for this it was necessary the support of the Environmental Police of Paraná, where animals carcasses were collected along the highways BR-376, PR-082, PR-151, PR-180, PR-182, PR-323, PR-486, PR-489, PR-490, PR-151 and PR-518. After the receipt of the specimens, the identification was carried out through the external morphology according to the taxonomic classification, then, were realized the dissection and autopsy. Roadkill of 50 specimens were recorded, being 10 birds, seven reptiles and 33 mammals. With the identification of the animals species run over in this study, it is possible to conclude that the construction of highways and the intense traffic of cars and trucks have caused significant environmental problems because it is necessary to deforest areas rich in flora and fauna to their construction and with this situation there is change in the migratory routes of animals and food behavior change that significantly increases the chances of a roadkill and the animals come to death. Studies like this one, are required to submit the environmental impacts (environment and wild animals) that the constructions or even the increase of highways cause on flora, fauna, and also for the environment itself to be proposed before the work plan with measures that aim to reduce these impacts.

A cistite hemorrágica e a cistite intersticial expressam uma etiologia variável, desde idiopática à provocada por fármacos, dentre eles a ciclofosfamida. A cistite apresenta tratamento multifatorial, e o potencial efeito satisfatório do uso da medicina complementar, vem ganhando espaço na prática médica. Assim o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito protetivo do extrato bruto de Echinodorus grandiflorus sobre a bexiga de ratos induzidos a cistite por ciclofosfamida. Utilizou-se neste estudo, 35 ratos, machos, Wistar, com peso médio de 321g, que foram submetidos a indução de cistite com uso de ciclofosfamida por via intraperitoneal e tratados com diferentes doses de extrato de Echinodorus grandiflorus (30, 100, 300mg) e o grupo controle com o fármaco Mesna.Todos os animais foram mortos no décimo sétimo dia e suas bexigas urinarias foram ressecadas para avaliação macro e microscópica, além da análise de hemograma e leucograma. A análise do sangue mostrou leucopenia com diferença significativa em todos os animais que receberam a ciclofosfamida. Observou-se que a dose de 300mg/kg do extrato bruto da planta, apresentou efeito protetivo no urotélio vesical, porém, inferior ao uso de Mesna. Diante dos resultados apresentados neste estudo sugere-se que o extrato de Echinodorus grandiflorus apresenta efeito protetivo no urotélio vesical na dose de 300mg/kg, porém estudos futuros quanto a dose e também a uma possível associação terapêutica ao Mesna devam ser realizados. Por se tratar de uma patologia com prevalência importante e ser muitas vezes desagradável e limitante à vida, faz-se necessário o empenho em métodos terapêuticos alternativos aos atuais, afim de, diminuírem os custos e efeitos colaterais dos métodos já documentados.

Devido ao uso de antibióticos para o tratamento e prevenção de infecções bacterianas durante a produção de matrizes pesadas, torna-se importante estudar o perfil de resistência e a prevalência de bactérias gram-negativas produtoras de ESBL. Dentre as várias classes de antimicrobianos disponíveis, destacam-se os agentes beta-lactâmicos, categoria antimicrobiana amplamente utilizada em clínica médica humana e veterinária. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de resistência e caracterizar as cepas produtoras de beta-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) isoladas de matrizes de corte por meio da coleta de 87 swabs cloacais. As bactérias Gram-negativas foram isoladas em meios seletivos, identificadas por métodos bioquímicos convencionais e MALDI-TOF® e estudadas quanto à resistência antimicrobiana, incluindo ESBL. Das 87 amostras, foram isoladas 52 bactérias gram-negativas. Houve alta resistência bacteriana às principais classes de antimicrobianos utilizados em aves: penicilinas, cefalosporinas e quinolonas. Também foi encontrado fenótipo sugestivo de produção de ESBL em 42,31% dos isolados, demonstrando resistência aos antimicrobianos beta-lactâmicos testados. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de orientação dos profissionais que trabalham com matrizes de corte, a fim de se reduzir a presença de bactérias resistentes e produtoras de ESBL e evitar sua disseminação para o meio ambiente, ovos férteis e frangos de corte e, consequentemente, carne de frango e humanos.

The plant species Baccharis trimera presents antioxidants that may have neuroprotective effects on the neurons of the myenteric plexus. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate possible quantitative alterations in the myenteric plexus neurons and in the glycemic and lipid profile of 25 rats with 90 days old, exposed to smoking, a hypercholesterolemic diet, and with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin during four weeks, and then treated with different doses of carqueja extract for two weeks. The myenteric plexus neurons were stained with basic Giemsa and using the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry protocol. In the study conditions, there was a significant reduction in the number of total neurons between the groups treated with carqueja and the positive control, stained with the Giemsa. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the number of neurons of the inhibitory subpopulation between the groups treated with carqueja and the negative control, evidenced by the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. At the 30mg/kg dose there was a reduction in the cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Based on the results, Baccharis trimera presented no neuroprotective or hypoglycemic effect, although the nitric subpopulation has proven more resistant to the deleterious effects of diabetes, smoking, and the hypercholesterolemic diet. La especie vegetal Baccharis trimera presenta antioxidantes que pueden tener efectos neuroprotectores sobre las neuronas del plexo mientérico. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido investigar posibles alteraciones cuantitativas en las neuronas del plexo mientérico y en el perfil glicémico y lipídico de 25 ratas con 90 días de edad, expuestas al tabaco, dieta de hipercolesterolemia y con diabetes mellitus inducido por estreptozotocina durante cuatro semanas. Las neuronas del plexo mientérico fueron coloreados con Giemsa básico y utilizado el protocolo de histoquímica NADPH-diaforase. En las condiciones del estudio, hubo reducción significativa en el número de neuronas totales entre los grupos tratados con carqueja y el control positivo, colorado con Giemsa. En cambio, no hubo diferencia significativa en el número de neuronas de la subpoblación inhibitoria entre los grupos tratados con carqueja y el control negativo, evidenciada por la histoquímica de NADPH-diaforase. En la dosis de 30mg/kg hubo reducción de niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos. Con base en los resultados, Baccharis trimera no presentó efecto neuroprotector o hipoglucemiante, aunque la subpoblación nítrica se haya mostrado más resistente a los efectos deletéreos del diabetes, tabaquismo y dieta de hipercolesterolemia. A espécie vegetal Baccharis trimera apresenta antioxidantes que podem ter efeitos neuroprotetores sobre os neurônios do plexo mioentérico. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar possíveis alterações quantitativas nos neurônios do plexo mioentérico e no perfil glicêmico e lipídico de 25 ratos com 90 dias de idade, expostos ao tabagismo, dieta hipercolesterolêmica e com diabetes mellitus induzido por estreptozotocina durante quatro semanas, e depois tratada com diferentes doses de extrato de carqueja por duas semanas. Os neurônios do plexo mioentérico foram corados com Giemsa básico e usando o protocolo de histoquímica NADPH-diaforase. Nas condições do estudo, houve uma redução significativa no número de neurônios totais entre os grupos tratados com carqueja e o controle positivo, corado com Giemsa. Em contrapartida, não houve diferença significativa no número de neurônios da subpopulação inibitória entre os grupos tratados com carqueja e o controle negativo, evidenciada pela histoquímica da NADPH-diaforase. Na dose de 30mg/kg houve redução dos níveis de colesterol e triglicerídeos. Com base nos resultados, Baccharis trimera não apresentou efeito neuroprotetor ou hipoglicemiante, embora a subpopulação nítrica tenha se mostrado mais resistente aos efeitos deletérios do diabetes, tabagismo e dieta hipercolesterolêmica.

There are no studies that characterize the enteric nervous system (ENS) bats. The organization and density of myenteric neurons may vary according to the animal species, as well as the segment of the digestive tube considered. The nitric oxide is one of the key neurotransmitters present in the myenteric neurons, acting as a mediator in the smooth muscle relaxation. These neurons are evidenced by immunohistochemistry of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. In this sense, this study aimed to characterize the total neuronal population and subpopulation NADPH-d+ of the myenteric plexus present in the jejunum of the insectivore species Molossus rufus quantitatively. Five specimens were collected of M. rufus in a buffer area of the “Reserva Biológica das Perobas” in the microregion of Cianorte/PR. After the euthanasia, in a chamber saturated with isoflurane, segments were collected from the small intestine corresponding to the jejunum intended for two techniques for neuronal marking, Giemsa and NADPH-diaphorase, and a fragment to the histological technique of hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome. All the procedures were approved by the “Comitê de Ética no Uso de Animais Unipar” (CEUA - protocol No. 34347/2017) and the “Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade” (ICMBio - protocol No. 60061-1) The histological sections allowed to highlight the location of the myenteric plexus between the longitudinal and circular layers of the muscular tunic. The myenteric plexus had an average of total neuronal population (neurons Giemsa+) of 279.23 neurons/mm2, being the nitrergic neurons (neurons NADPH-d+) represented 20.4% of this total population, with an average of 58.14 neuron/mm2. Therefore, the collected data are consistent with previous studies in other mammalian species concerning the location of the myenteric plexus, as well as the neural myenteric proportion NADPH-d+ compared with the population of neurons Giemsa+. The gaps in the knowledge of ENS of bats limits comparative intraspecific and interspecific studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T23:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR) Araucaria Foundation (Fundacao Araucaria) Background: Studies on intestinal parasites in cougars Puma concolor are scarce, and most of the available information on the species has been derived from individuals in captivity. One of the greatest threats to the survival of wild cats is habitat loss caused by urban sprawl, agricultural matrix, and linear developments such as highways and railways, which expose animals to direct contact with humans and to a high risk of death. Given the lack of scientific data the objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a cougar (P. concolor) specimen from the northwestern region of Parana State, Brazil. Case: The carcass of a free-living cougar (P. concolor) individual was sent to the Interdisciplinary Science Museum (Museu Interdisciplinar de Ciencias - MIC) of Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR); an individual was killed during a collision with an unidentified vehicle on highway PR-486, in the municipality of Mariluz (PR, Brazil). The geographical coordinates of the location where the animal was found are: 23 degrees 59'29 '' S, 53 degrees 8'47 '' W. This region is characterized by semi-deciduous seasonal forest remnants. After being identified on site and collected by the inspectors of the Parana Environmental Institute (Instituto Ambiental do Parana - IAP), the cadaver was donated to the MIC (by the IAP) for a necropsy to elucidate the cause of death. In this context. the cadaver was sent to the Animal Pathology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at UNIPAR. The animal was necropsied by performing the standard necropsy technique for carnivores: opening the intestine through the mesentery and exposing the mucosa from the duodenum to the colon. The necropsy showed that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to trauma. During necropsy, parasites in the intestinal lumen were visible to the naked eye. Parasites and feces were collected and stored in sterile flasks containing 10% formaldehyde and saline. The parasites were subjected to Faust and Hoffman techniques, micrometry, and morphological analysis, resulting in the identification of the roundworm Toxocara call and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens. Discussion: Identifying the roadkill species along highways is of paramount importance, since they are living very close to man and, consequently, reservoirs and disseminators of different infectious and parasitic zoonoses may be possible. Infection by protozoa and helminths in animals usually occurs by ingesting the infective form present in food or water. Toxocara call and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens were only reported in captivity before. Research on parasites in free-living wild animals is not common in the scientific literature and this is due to the difficulty of capturing this animal category as they live in difficult to access places such as forests and forests, therefore, research projects in partnership with museums are extremely important for the recognition of wild animal species that circulate in the region, in addition to the parasitic identification of these animals for future sanitary measures and for the preservation of the animal species in the environment. The Parasitological studies of wild animals are highly relevant for expanding this knowledge, especially considering the possible transfer risk of specific parasitic diseases to other animals, as well as to humans. Univ Paranaense UNIPAR, Programa Pos Grad Ciencia Anim Com Enfase Prod Bi, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil Univ Paranaense UNIPAR, Med Vet, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Programa Pos Grad Ciencias Biol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Programa Pos Grad Ciencias Biol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

The presence of herbicides in the aquatic environment can cause different effects at all levels of biological organization. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatic alterations of the herbicide Roundup WG® on juvenile Pseudoplatystoma corruscans exposed to three different concentrations of this chemical compound: 0.25g/1000L, 0.50g/1000L, and 0.75g/1000L, plus control treatment (0.00g/1000L). The experiment lasted sixty days and, in the end, liver fragments were collected for further histological processing, using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) technique. Only the control group showed a statistically significant increase in body mass and total length during the experiment. Blood glucose also showed no difference among the sample groups. The lesions found in the liver considered severe were hemorrhage, vacuolization, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes and the presence of free melanomacrophages, recorded in the groups exposed to 0.50 and 0.75g/1000L. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the herbicide Roundup WG® can promote liver alterations in Pseudoplatystoma corruscans.

Synanthropic rodents, present in both urban and rural areas, are responsible for the zoonotic transmission of several diseases to humans as well as for significant economic losses. They act as reservoirs for important viral diseases, bacterial diseases such as leptospirosis, and parasitic diseases such as toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis. The aim of the present study was to assess the seropositivity of synanthropic rodents in Umuarama city, located in the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil, to agents causing leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis. The microscopic agglutination technique (MAT) was used to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies, and the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIFR) was used to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Of 178 animals collected, four (2.24%) were seropositive for Leptospira spp. and ten (5.62%) for Toxoplasma gondii. Ninety-five (53.38%) of the collected animals were male and 83 (46.62%) were female, and two (1.23%) originated from urban areas while 176 (98.87%) originated from peri-urban areas. Serological results showed that the synanthropic rodents examined here had low seroreactivity for agents causing both leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis, in both urban and peri-urban regions of Umuarama city. This could be associated with the high Human Development Index for the study area. However, preventative measures must continue to be observed, as rodents are important reservoirs for, and disseminators of, disease causing agents.

This study aimed to macroscopically and microscopically evaluate the healing of skin wounds induced in rats by topical application of cassava polyamide biopolymer hydrogel. In total, 32 rats were used and divided into four groups (n= 8): negative control - saline solution; positive control - use of commercial ointment; experimental group - I - ointment + cassava hydrogel; experimental group - II - cassava hydrogel. A 1cm2 wound induced on the animals dorsum was treated and evaluated. At day 21 post-operation, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose, and then 1cm2 of cicatricial skin from the wound region was collected. The material was cut to evaluate healing. In the macroscopic evaluation, complete healing was observed at the end of 21 days. Re-epithelialization was observed histologically; the connective tissue in the negative control, positive, and experimental - I groups was characterized by an abundance of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and blood vessels. In experimental group - II additional healing was observed, as evidenced by the arrangement of collagen fibers and fibroblasts, and the reduction of neoformed vessels. Thus, we concluded that the hydrogel can assist in healing skin wounds, especially in the remodeling phase. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar macro e microscopicamente a cicatrização de feridas cutâneas induzidas em ratos, a partir da aplicação tópica do hidrogel de biopolímero de poliamido de mandioca. Trinta e dois ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos (n= 8): controle negativo, tratado com solução salina; controle positivo, com pomada comercial; grupo experimental - I, com pomada + hidrogel de mandioca; grupo experimental - II, com hidrogel de mandioca. Feridas induzidas de 1cm 2 no dorso dos animais foram tratadas e avaliadas em intervalos de três a quatro dias. No 21º dia do pós-operatório, os animais foram mortos por aprofundamento anestésico, em seguida foi coletado 1cm 2 de pele da região cicatricial. O material foi cortado, corado pelas técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina e azocarmine-G, para avaliação da cicatrização. Na avaliação macroscópica, foi observada cicatrização completa no final do período de 21 dias. Histologicamente, observou-se reepitelização, o tecido conjuntivo no grupos controle negativo, positivo e experimental - I se caracterizou pela abundância de fibras colágenas, fibroblastos e vasos sanguíneos. No grupo experimental - II, a cicatrização sugere avanço de etapas, evidenciado pelo arranjo das fibras colágenas, pela redução de fibroblastos e dos vasos neoformados. Assim, foi possível concluir que o hidrogel de biopolímero de amido de mandioca pode auxiliar na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas, principalmente na fase de remodelação.

Museus de ciência constituem um espaço cultural predominante visitado por crianças e adolescentes, e na maioria das vezes são utilizados para consolidar conhecimentos adquiridos na educação formal, bem como os conhecimentos de origem empírica. O acervo do museu de ciências da UNIPAR, possui animais selvagens, da fauna Brasileira taxidermizados, que por sua vez, com destaque a fauna da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, cumprindo o papel das coleções museológicas, pois além de ser uma coleção, as peças neles encontradas devem ser conservadas e pesquisadas, contribuindo para o conhecimento e aprimoramento do estudo científico na educação básica, popularizando o conhecimento. Dentro da dinâmica do museu ainda é possível desenvolver pesquisas científicas que podem resultar em descobertas como a de um baço acessório encontrado em uma espécie de Felídeo, a descrição de tal estrutura é muito escassa na literatura. Assim os museus de ciência colaboram diretamente com o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão universitária.

Pets have been associated with emotional and physical benefits for their owners, and among these, ornamental birds can bring positive influences on quality of life. On the contrary, they harbor pathogenic micro-organisms of public health importance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. and intestinal parasites in 52 samples of excreta of passerines and parrots from breeders in the city of Umuarama, Parana. Conventional procedures for isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. were used. Colonies suspected with the genus Salmonella were tested serologically for flagellar H antigen and somatic antigen O. Faecal samples were also subjected to sedimentation and centrifugal flotation with zinc sulfate techniques to identify gastrointestinal parasites. Out of 52 excreta samples examined, 7 samples revealed large number of coccidian oocysts per field, highlighting the need to implement preventive measures to reduce the number of oocysts eliminated in animals. All samples were negative for the presence of Salmonella spp. Despite the lack of positive results for Salmonella spp. in samples of excreta of the birds in this study, control measures should be taken so that they are not a source of risk to human health. Key words: Salmonella, coccidia, passerines, psittacines, zoonosis.

The present paper aimed at evaluating the effect of adding beneficial micro-organisms to the litters on litter quality, performance and carcass yield for broilers. A total of 240 one-day chicks were used, and randomly distributed in blocks with four treatments and four replications. The following treatments were carried out in the housing: Treatment 1 – Control with weekly spraying of water on the litters; Treatment 2 – Litter treated with a mixture of inoculated and fermented meal by micro-organisms and weekly spraying of water; Treatment 3 – Litter treated by weekly spraying of micro-organisms; Treatment 4 – Litter treated with the same mixture of meals from treatment two and weekly spraying of micro-organisms. Performance was evaluated by the feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, viability and carcass, breast and leg yield. From litter samples, pH, dry matter, ashes and nitrogen were evaluated. No differences were found among the treatments. In the conditions the animals were raised, it can be concluded that the treatment on the litter does not affect performance, carcass yield and quality of the litter for broilers. KEYWORDS: feed conversion; Gallus gallus ; litter pH; probiotic.

Background : Leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and brucellosis are diseases with worldwide distribution. Among stray dogs, these zoonoses are facilitated by direct contact with other animal species, by the habit of scavenging garbage and hunting in search of food, drinking standing water, smelling other animals' urine, licking female genitalia and the sexual act itself. The objective of this study was to detect antibodies anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella canis and anti-Brucella abortus in stray dogs housed in shelters at Umuarama city, Paraná, Brazil. In order to detect toxoplasmosis, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed, agglutination microscopic (MAT) test for leptospirosis and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and buffered acidified antigen (BAA) tests for brucellosis. Results : Of the 175 serum samples analyzed, 70.85% were considered positive for toxoplasmosis by IFA, 20% by MAT for leptospirosis and 2.85% by AGID for Brucella canis. Conclusions : The serological results of this study showed that stray dogs housed at the private shelter are potential carriers of these three different zoonoses and contribute to the spread and maintenance of these etiologic agents in the urban area of Umuarama (PR), Brazil.