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The increasing use of digital technologies can provide significant benefits to the excavation and interpretative process in archaeology. Yet, despite major developments in the last two decades, dig...

This article presents the results of a programme of investigation into the enclosed settlements/forts and promontory forts of north-east Scotland, undertaken as part of the Northern Picts project. Reconnaissance excavations are reported on for nine sites: Crathie Point and Durn Hill, northern Aberdeenshire (Banffshire); Barmkyn of North Keig, Hill of Keir, Hill of Christ’s Kirk and Cnoc Cailliche (Wheedlemont), central Aberdeenshire; and Doune of Relugas, Knock of Alves and Wester Tulloch, Moray. Targeted excavation was undertaken at all examples and in the majority of cases produced a basic chronology for key phases of occupation/enclosure at the sites in question. Thirty-two new radiocarbon dates are presented, with a number of sites producing Iron Age dates, but a smaller number also revealing early medieval phases of occupation and use. Canmore ID 17947 Canmore ID 17973 Canmore ID 17701 Canmore ID 19341 Canmore ID 18141 Canmore ID 17215 Canmore ID 15755 Canmore ID 16214 Canmore ID 15766

The precontact lifeways of Yup’ik people in Southwest Alaska were poorly known until the 2009–2018 excavations at the Nunalleq site near the village of Quinhagak. Until recently, the site dating from around AD 1400–1675 had been locked in permafrost that secured the extraordinary preservation of organic artefacts and faunal materials. As in many other hunter-gatherer communities across the North, animals were economically and culturally central to the lives of Nunalleq residents. This multidisciplinary paper combines the ethnographic study of unearthed artefacts with the results of subsistence and dietary studies at Nunalleq, and demonstrates how precontact Yup’ik ecologies were embodied in material culture, particularly in the iconography of ceremonial objects such as masks and mask attachments. Early ethnographic records and collections suggest that Yup’ik masks were often complex in structure and imagery, and can be considered miniature models of a multilayered and ensouled universe. Masks and other material culture representations highlight the way humans and animals are related and ontologically linked in Yup’ik worldviews. By taking this approach, this study aims to better understand the role of animals in the belief systems and lifeways of a precontact Nunalleq community., Le mode de vie des communautés yup’ik pendant la période précontact dans le sudouest de l’Alaska était peu connu avant les fouilles archéologiques récentes, entre 2009 et 2018, sur le site de Nunalleq, près du village de Quinhagak. Jusqu’à récemment, le site daté principalement entre 1400 et 1675 après J.-C., était scellé par le pergélisol garantissant la préservation extraordinaire d’objets organiques et de restes fauniques. Comme dans d’autres sociétés septentrionales de chasseurscueilleurs, les animaux occupaient une place centrale, d’un point de vue économique et culturel. C’est le mode de vie adopté par les occupants de Nunalleq. Cet article pluridisciplinaire associe l’étude iconographique des artéfacts avec les résultats des études sur la subsistance et la diète à Nunalleq, et démontre la manière dont les écologies Yup’ik avant le contact euro-américain étaient intégrées dans la culture matérielle, en particulier dans l’iconographie des objets cérémoniaux tels que les masques et leurs accessoires. Les premières collections et données ethnographiques suggèrent que les masques yup’ik étaient complexes dans leur structure et leur imagerie, et pouvaient être considérés comme des modèles miniatures d’un univers à plusieurs niveaux et dotés d’une âme. Les masques et autres représentations dans la culture matérielle soulignent la manière dont les humains et les animaux sont liés et ontologiquement unis dans le mode de représentation du monde yup’ik. En adoptant cette approche, cette étude a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le rôle des animaux dans les croyances et les modes de vie à Nunalleq, pendant la période précontact.

More than two thousand archaeological grass artifacts dating from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century have been recovered from Nunalleq (GDN-248), an archaeological site located near the village of Quinhagak, southwest Alaska, in eight seasons of fieldwork at the site. This growing collection of basketry and cordage provides unprecedented insights on the use of grass artifacts in precontact Yup’ik households. Permafrost soils have preserved this assemblage astonishingly well, with objects made from grass blades and roots. Here we present the results of a preliminary study of these rarely encountered artifacts, based on the data recorded in the course of conservation work., Plus de 2000 artefacts archéologiques en herbe datant du XVe au XVIIe siècle ont été retrouvés à Nunalleq (GDN-248), un site archéologique situé à proximité du village de Quinhagak, au sud-ouest de l’Alaska, au cours de huit saisons de fouilles archéologiques. Cette collection grandissante de vanneries et cordage apporte un éclairage inédit sur l’utilisation d’artefacts en herbe en contexte domestique pour la période Yup’ik précontact. Le pergélisol a assuré une excellente et incroyable préservation de cet assemblage, contenant des objets fabriqués à partir de brins d’herbe et de racines. Nous présentons ici les résultats d’une étude préliminaire de ces artefacts rarement rencontrés, effectuée à partir des données acquises au cours du travail de conservation.

Birds have been an integral part of traditional Yup’ik lifeways in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, southwest Alaska, both economically and symbolically. From a subsistence point of view, the rich ethnographic record for the region highlights the importance of this resource as a critical seasonal food and a source of raw materials for clothing and tools. Little is known of bird exploitation in precontact Yup’ik society, however, as a result of limited archaeological research in the region, which thus constrains our ability to understand subsistence strategies prior to Euro-American contact. Recent excavations at the Nunalleq site (sixteenth to seventeenth century AD) have yielded a well-preserved avian assemblage that provides the opportunity to explore the use of birds during the late prehistoric period in the region. In this paper, we present the results of our preliminary zooarchaeological and technological analyses of this material. These new data demonstrate that a relatively wide range of taxa were harvested by precontact Yupiit, reflecting their multiple uses of birds. People not only exploited birds for their meat but also targeted specific taxa for the qualities of their skins for making parkas, their feathers as adornments or for fletching arrows, and their bones for making needles and other tools. Though this study shows a certain degree of continuity between precontact and historic Yup’ik subsistence practices, it also highlights a gradual decline in the non-dietary use of birds and the gradual increase in the intake of birds primarily targeted as sources of food in more recent times., Les oiseaux ont été une partie intégrante des modes de vie traditionnels yup’ik dans le Delta du Yukon-Kuskokwim et le sud-ouest de l’Alaska, autant économiquement que symboliquement. Du point de vue de la subsistance, les riches données ethnographiques pour la région montrent l’importance de cette ressource comme un aliment critique saisonnier et une source de matériaux bruts pour la fabrication de vêtements et d’outils. L’exploitation aviaire dans la société yup’ik precontact est cependant peu connue en raison du manque de recherches archéologiques dans la région, ce qui limite notre aptitude à comprendre les stratégies de subsistance avant le contact euro-américain. Des fouilles récentes sur le site de Nunalleq (XVIe-XVIIe siècles après J.C.) ont mis au jour un assemblage aviaire bien préservé procurant l’opportunité d’explorer l’utilisation des oiseaux pendant la période préhistorique tardive dans la région. Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats de nos analyses archéozoologique et technique préliminaires de ce matériel. Ces nouvelles données indiquent qu’une relativement grande variété d’oiseaux était exploitée par les Yupiit precontacts, reflétant ainsi l’usage diversifié qu’ils en faisaient. Les oiseaux étaient non seulement exploités pour leur viande mais certains taxons étaient également chassés pour la qualité de leurs peaux dans la fabrication de parkas, de leurs plumes comme parure ou pour l’empennage de flèches, ainsi que de leurs os pour la production d’aiguilles et autres outils. Bien que cette étude montre un certain degré de continuité entre les pratiques de subsistance des Yupiit précontact et historiques, elle souligne un déclin graduel dans l’utilisation non-carnée des oiseaux et une croissance progressive, plus récemment, de l’exploitation d’espèces principalement chassées pour la consommation.

Dunnicaer, Aberdeenshire, a now isolated sea stack, is the findspot of five Pictish symbol stones discovered in the nineteenth century. Excavations from 2015 to 2017 have revealed a Roman Iron Age ...

Thousands of archaeological sites in Europe lie under the ploughzone. Previous studies and experiments have highlighted the impact that arable agriculture has on the preservation of archaeological sites, yet the ploughzone has also been shown in some cases to preserve important information. In this study, the value of the ploughzone was assessed through metal detecting and through sieving of the ploughsoil directly over one of the most productive areas for artefacts at an important early medieval site in Scotland. The purpose of the assessment was to gauge the extent to which removing the topsoil may lead to the loss of important information and to evaluate the extent to which strip-and-map approaches to excavation might contribute to information loss. It is the largest such experiment of its kind in Scotland and the experiment allowed an assessment of the type and condition of artefacts found in excavation compared to that in the ploughsoil. The study showed very few artefacts survived in the topsoil at this site with certain artefact types entirely absent. The study also showed the significant impact that even light ploughing has had on categories of objects such as metalworking moulds. The conclusions are that while cropmarks remain a diminishing resource, strip-and-map allows rapid assessment of these sites and where artefact densities are low this approach is unlikely to lead to loss of significant information.

The domestic dog has inhabited the anthropogenic niche for at least 15 000 years, but despite their impact on human strategies, the lives of dogs and their interactions with humans have only recently become a subject of interest to archaeologists. In the Arctic, dogs rely exclusively on humans for food during the winter, and while stable isotope analyses have revealed dietary similarities at some sites, deciphering the details of provisioning strategies have been challenging. In this study, we apply zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to dog palaeofaeces to investigate protein preservation in this highly degradable material and obtain information about the diet of domestic dogs at the Nunalleq site, Alaska. We identify a suite of digestive and metabolic proteins from the host species, demonstrating the utility of this material as a novel and viable substrate for the recovery of gastrointestinal proteomes. The recovered proteins revealed that the Nunalleq dogs consumed a range of Pacific salmon species (coho, chum, chinook and sockeye) and that the consumed tissues derived from muscle and bone tissues as well as roe and guts. Overall, the study demonstrated the viability of permafrost-preserved palaeofaeces as a unique source of host and dietary proteomes. 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods (a) Samples (b) Palaeoproteomics (c) Zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry 3. Results and discussion (a) Metaproteomics (b) Host proteins (c) Dietary proteins (d) Challenges and future directions 4. Conclusion

International audience; The reconstruction of diet, subsistence strategies and human-animal relationships are integral to understanding past human societies, adaptations and resilience - especially in the circumpolar Arctic. Even in relatively recent periods, climatic excursions may have posed specific challenges for hunter-gatherer groups living at latitudinal and climatic extremes, and archaeological research in Arctic North America is increasingly looking to better understand the impact of past climate change on human groups. Here, through a unique multi-proxy approach (zooarchaeology, bone technology and stable isotope analysis), we explore human subsistence strategies, adaptation and resilience at Nunalleq, a recently excavated pre-contact Yup'ik coastal site in southwest Alaska. The main phase of occupation of the site (16th-17th centuries AD) corresponds with one of the coolest periods of the Little Ice Age – a climatic interval from the early 14th century through the mid-19th associated with global and more localised cooling events. The analyses reveal a subsistence strategy centred around the exploitation of three major resources, including salmon, marine mammals and caribou, supplemented by secondary resources such as birds and medium-sized mammals. This tripartite resource base (salmon, marine mammals, caribou) is similar to that seen at other Thule-era sites in Alaska and likely permitted a flexibility in resource use in the face of changes in resource availability (and competition over resources) during the Little Ice Age. Comparison of the different datasets, however, reveals variability and nuance in the use of animals for both dietary and broader subsistence needs. While caribou represent a vital and heavily-exploited resource at Nunalleq (evident from both the zooarchaeology and the bone technology), they did not represent a key dietary resource (indicated by stable isotope data). Instead, caribou played an integral and key part as a major source of raw material, especially antler, in order to manufacture the necessary acquisition technology to exploit primary coastal resources.

Historically and ethnographically dogs have played a prominent role in the lifeways and lifeworlds of many Arctic and sub-Arctic peoples, and are considered to be a vital aspect of adaptation to living in these regions. Excavations at the precontact site of Nunalleq in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta in coastal Western Alaska have uncovered a significant proportion of dog bones among the faunal assemblage. The presence of discontinuous permafrost at the site has resulted in the excellent preservation, not only of bone, but also of dog fur and even dog lice in deposits at the site, along with vast organic and inorganic material culture assemblages. Here we present a multi-stranded, cross-disciplinary study of the bioarchaeology and zooarchaeology of dogs at Nunalleq, combining their remains, with the study of material culture, soils and other bodies of evidence, and the ethno-historic record. We go “beyond domestication” and examine the utilitarian role of dogs at Nunalleq, the role in foodways, and in social and symbolic space at the site, providing new insights into this vital aspect of Precontact animal-human relationships in the Y-K Delta.

This work partially supported by a small grant from the Royal Society of Edinburgh to KB, in association with the Mither Kirk Project. Special thanks to John Edwards and Aberdeen City Council; Chris Croly and Jeff Oliver (Aberdeen); Jackson Armstrong and William Hepburn (Aberdeen; https://aberdeenregisters.org/); and Takumi Tsutaya (Kyoto University).

This article presents the results of a program of radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling from the precontact Yup'ik site of Nunalleq (GDN-248) in subarctic southwestern Alaska. Nunalleq is deeply stratified, presenting a robust relative chronological framework of well-defined individual house floors abundant in ecofacts suitable for radiocarbon dating. Capitalizing on this potential, we present the results of one of the first applications of Bayesian statistical modeling of radiocarbon data from an archaeological site in the North American Arctic. Using these methods, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate robust, high-resolution chronological models from Arctic archaeology. Radiocarbon dates, procured prior to the program of dating and modeling presented here, suggested an approximately three-century duration of occupation at the site. The results of Bayesian modeling nuance this interpretation. While it is possible that there may have been activity for almost three centuries (beginning in the late fourteenth century), occupation of the dwelling complex, which dominates the site, was more likely to have endured for no more than a century. The results presented here suggest that the occupation of Nunalleq likely encompassed three generations beginning cal AD 1570–1630 before being curtailed by conflict around cal AD 1645–1675.

La fouille du site de Nunalleq (GDN-248) en territoire yup’ik a révélé une succession d’au moins trois niveaux allant vers 1570-1630 après J.C. à 1645–1675 après J.C. correspondant à plusieurs phases de construction et d’habitation d’une maison semi-souterraine de l’époque précontact du village historiquement appelé Agaligmiut. Les occupations du site s’inscrivent dans le cadre historique des Bow-and-Arrow Wars, et le dernier niveau concerne justement la destruction et l’abandon du village après un raid par un groupe extérieur. Cette étude se focalise sur l’outillage en pierre, et plus précisément sur les pointes de projectiles. Il s’agit donc d’étudier cette période de conflits à travers un des types d’outils ayant justement servi à ce conflit : les armatures de flèches. L’étude de ce matériel a permis de mieux comprendre le déroulement de l’attaque qui a conduit à la destruction et l’abandon du village, ainsi que certains aspects de la période des Bow-and-Arrow Wars, qui demeure relativement peu connue d’un point de vue archéologique., The excavation of the Nunalleq site (GDN-248), located in Yup’ik territory, revealed a succession of at least three phases ranging from c. A.D. 1570-1630 to c. A.D. 1645-1675 corresponding to several phases of construction and habitation of a sod dwelling dating from the pre-contact period of the historical village known as Agaligmiut. The occupation of the site takes place during the Bow-and-Arrow Wars, and the last phase actually corresponds to the destruction and abandonment of the village after a raid by an outside group. This study focuses on stone tools, and more specifically on projectile points. The objective is therefore to study this period of conflicts through one of the types of tools having served precisely to this conflict: the arrow points (end-blades). The study of these artifacts helped to better understand the course of the attack that led to the destruction and abandonment of the village, as well as some aspects of the period of the Bow-and-Arrow Wars, which remains relatively unknown from an archaeological point of view.

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are ecological and cultural keystone species along the Northwest Coast of North America and are ubiquitous in archaeological sites of the region. The inability to morphologically identify salmonid post-cranial remains to species, however, can limit our understanding of the ecological and cultural role different taxa played in the seasonal subsistence practices of Indigenous groups in the past. Here, we present a rapid, cost-effective ZooMS method to distinguish salmonid species based on collagen peptide mass-fingerprinting. Using modern reference material and an assemblage of 28 DNA-identified salmonid bones from the pre-contact Yup'ik site of Nunalleq, Western Alaska, we apply high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify a series of potential collagen peptide markers to distinguish Pacific salmon. We then confirm these peptide markers with a blind ZooMS analysis (MALDI-TOF-MS) of the archaeological remains. We successfully distinguish five species of anadromous salmon with this ZooMS approach, including one specimen that could not be identified through ancient DNA analysis. Our biomolecular identification of chum (43%), sockeye (21%), chinook (18%), coho (11%) and pink (7%), confirm the exploitation of all five available species of salmonid at Nunalleq.

Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP. Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.

The early Christian sculpture from Kinneddar has long been noted as a major assemblage. New survey work by the University of Aberdeen and AOC Archaeology has identified a large vallum enclosure around the site that was renewed on at least one occasion. The vallum enclosures surrounded an area of up to 8.6ha, and the groundplan presents striking resemblances to other major ecclesiastical sites, particularly Iona. Evaluative excavations instigated through research- and development-led projects have provided an outline chronology for the vallum enclosures, identified an additional annexe and has located settlement features inside the enclosures. Radiocarbon dating suggests activity as early as the late 6th century with the vallum likely to date to the 7th or 8th century. This article sets out the evidence from the site and discusses Kinneddar in relation to other likely major ecclesiastical sites in northern Pictland and its wider early medieval Insular context.

Through the case study of the Thule-era village site of Nunalleq (GDN-248), this paper presents 14C dating results and perspectives on the issues associated with radiocarbon dating stratified archaeological sites in circumpolar North America. The objective was to investigate relative variation in the 14C age of ecofacts with the aim of establishing a hierarchy of dating suitability for Nunalleq that could more widely inform 14C sample selection on archaeological sites across the North American sub-Arctic and Arctic and Greenland. Owing to the complexities associated with interpreting and establishing the relative chronology of the deeply stratified sod deposits at Nunalleq, we adopted open-area excavation and single-context recording methods. This approach, we suggest, allowed us to eliminate stratigraphic complexity as a source of variation in 14C measurements and to assess the taphonomic issues associated with dating different ecofacts. In total, 16 samples were submitted for dating, comprising two sets of eight different ecofacts, one from each of two stratigraphically contemporary but spatially discrete contexts. In most instances, the 14C ages of ecofacts were statistically indistinguishable between the two contexts and support the relative chronological relationships established by excavation. Only Elymus arenarius (grass) manufactures and Heleomyzidae (fly) puparia produced different ages in the two contexts, variations that suggest that these items are unreliable dating materials. As noted in previous studies, Phoca sp. (seal) and Oncorhynchus sp. (salmon) bone collagen demonstrated a strong marine reservoir effect (c. 700 14C yr.). Picea sp. (wood chips) were marginally older than seeds from edible berries (Rubus chamaemorus and Empetrum nigrum) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) bone collagen, which provided the most consistent ages.

L’exploitation du bois de caribou chez les peuples yupiit pendant la période précontact restait assez méconnue avant la mise au jour du site de Nunalleq (sud-ouest alaskien). Exceptionnel par la richesse et la préservation de ces niveaux d’occupation, ce gisement a livré plus de 3400 vestiges d’industrie osseuse dont l’étude est en cours. Les modalités d’approvisionnement en bois de caribou, ainsi que les modes de fabrication et d’utilisation des artefacts réalisés à partir de cette matière première dominante sont analysés. L’étude typologique et technologique menée a montré de fortes régularités dans les procédés techniques utilisés. Ils sont appliqués de la même manière quels que soient le module du bois et son type d’acquisition (bois de mue ou de massacre). Les quelques variations par rapport à la norme répondraient essentiellement, pour certains bois, à des contraintes morphologiques et/ou à des besoins fonctionnels immédiats. Malgré le durcissement des conditions environnementales et l’intensification des conflits connus dans la région au cours du Petit Âge Glaciaire, les occupants yupiit de Nunalleq ont fait preuve d’une forte résilience, les changements entre les différentes phases d’occupation sont relativement mineurs., The caribou antler exploitation among the Yupiit during the pre-contact period was rather undocumented before the discovery of the Nunalleq site (southwestern Alaska) that benefitted from exceptional conditions of preservation. This very rich site yielded more than 3,400 osseous artefacts that are under study. The procurement and manufacturing strategies of the caribou antlers, the dominant raw material, are analyzed. The typological and technological study performed on more than a half of the collection (2009-2015 excavations) showed strong regularities in the ways the antlers were split and exploited, whatever the module and the type of antler (slaughtered versus shed antler). The small variations observed might reflect adaptations for dealing with morphological constraints and/or immediate functional needs. Despite the harder environmental conditions and intensified conflicts that occurred in the area during the Little Ice Age, Nunalleq inhabitants were highly resilient. The changes between the two main phases of occupation excavated stayed very subtle.

Archaeoentomological research at the precontact site of Nunalleq (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD), Southwest Alaska, has identified hundreds of lice and fleas that infested both the human inhabitants of the site and their canine companions. As lice are host specific, staying attached to the host’s hair or fur during the totality of their lifecycle, they are generally considered excellent indicators of activity areas. Fleas, however, are relatively less common in archaeological contexts and, since they are mobile and able to infest several different host species, their potential use in the spatial reconstruction of activities is more limited. At Nunalleq, the study of insects from the most recent archaeological contexts produced very different spatial distribution patterns for human lice, fleas, and dog lice. This article compares these archaeoentomological data with other datasets available for the site (carrion-feeding flies, human hair, fur, coprolites, projectile points, and pieces of clothing) with the aim of establishing the phenomena that produced the distinct spatial distributions observed., À Nunalleq, un site yup’ik précontact (XVIe et XVIIe siècles après J.C.) du sud-ouest de l’Alaska, des centaines de poux et de puces ayant infesté les habitants du site ainsi que leurs chiens ont pu être identifiés. Puisque les poux sont spécifiques à leur hôte, demeurant attachés aux poils ou à la fourrure de celui-ci pendant la totalité de leur cycle de vie, ils sont généralement considérés comme d’excellents indicateurs d’aires d’activités. Les puces sont relativement plus rares en contexte archéologique. Mobiles et capables d’infester plusieurs espèces-hôtes différentes, leur potentiel dans la reconstitution spatiale des activités semble, a priori, plus limité. Or, à Nunalleq, les résultats de l’étude des insectes provenant des contextes archéologiques les plus récents ont produit des schémas de distribution spatiale très différents entre les poux et les puces de l’Homme et également les poux du chien. Cet article compare ces données archéoentomologiques avec d’autres corpus de données disponibles à Nunalleq (mouches nécrophages, cheveux humains, fourrure, coprolithes, pointes lithiques, pièces vestimentaires) dans l’objectif de reconstituer les phénomènes à l’origine de ces distributions spatiales distinctes.