Search

Objective: Our aim in conducting this clinical study that project was to investigate the surgical safety of facial nerve monitoring along with its effects on the duration of the operation in otologic and neurotologic surgery. Methods: We have used intraoperative monitoring and stimulation of facial nerve function routinely in 161 cochlear surgery, and 10 neurotologic cases. Statistical study was performed only in otologic patients. The 171 patients who underwent surgery, of the remaning 30 otologic surgery cases were randomly selected that were monitered. The remaining 30 otologic surgery cases were not monitored and compared statistically for the duration of the operation and the emerging complications. Results: Of the study patients; no responses were detected in seven despite the stimulation. Response occurred only after increasing the amplitude of the stimulation current in two patients. In the remaining 162 patients, the responses were detected. Of the seven patients, in whom no responses were detected; electrode contact was lost in three, nerve fatigue was found in two, and muscle-relaxant use for anesthesia was detected in one patient; while, no causes were identified in one patient. Despite the presence of responses, a transient postoperative paresis was observed in one patient. In cochlear implant patients, the mean duration of surgery was 2.35 hours without monitoring; whereas, it was 1.45 hours in monitored patients. Conclusion: We are of the opinion that this technological method may contribute significantly to obtaining electrophysiologic data, as well as ensuring the safety of the operation and reducing the complication rates.

Bilateral choanal atresia is a congenital anomaly which occurs immediately after birth and requires immediate intervention. Therefore, it is very rare to see a patient who has reached an advanced age. In this article, we report two cases (sisters) who were able to reach advanced ages with bilateral choanal atresia. In the light of these two adult cases, we aimed to review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to bilateral choanal atresia with the literature.

Paranazal sinüslerde yabancı cisimler oldukça nadirdir ve yarısından çoğu maksiller sinüste görülür. Yabancı cisimlerin birçoğu maksillofa- siyal travma ile ilişkilidir. Frontal sinüste yaban- cı cisim daha da nadir bir durumdur. Yabancı cisimler genellikle geç tanıya bağlı olarak kronik semptomlar ve komplikasyonlar ile seyreder. Bu yazıda, eksternal dakriosistorinostomi ameliyatı sonrası nazal boşlukta bırakılan veya unutulan silikon nazolakrimal tüpe bağlı gelişen sağ fron- tal sinüs mukosel olgusu sunuldu. Hasta cerrahi olarak tedavi edildi ve cerrahi sonrasında semp- tomları iyileşti, Foreign bodies in paranasal sinuses are very rare and more than half of them are encountered in maxillary sinus. Most of the foreign bodies are associated with maxillofacial trauma. Foreign body in the frontal sinus is even a rarer condition. Foreign bodies usually present with chronic symptoms and complications due to the delayed diagnosis. In this article, we report an unusual case of mucocele resulting from silicone nasolacrimal duct tube in right frontal sinus which was left or forgotten in nasal cavity after external dacryocystorhinostomy operation. The patient was treated surgically and her symptoms resolved after surgery.

Petröz apeks, önemli yapılara yakınlığı sebebiyle temporal kemiğin oldukça kompleks bir bölgesidir. Petröz apeksin kolesteatomları nadir görülür ve genellikle doğumsaldır. Bu lezyonlar teşhis konmadan önce genellikle labirent ve/veya fasiyal kanala yayılırlar. Bununla birlikte klinik bulgular nonspesifiktir ve teşhis bu sebeple gecikebilmektedir. Petröz apeks kolesteatom cerrahisi oldukça zordur. Lezyonun temizlenmesi için çeşitli cerrahi yaklaşım teknikleri bildirilmiştir. Bu makalede geç teşhis konan ve modifiye transkoklear yaklaşımla tedavi edilen bir doğumsal petröz apeks kolesteatomu olgusu sunuldu., The petrous apex is a complex region of temporal bone due to its close proximity to vital structures. Cholesteatoma in the petrous apex is rarely encountered, and most cases are congenital. These lesions often invade the labyrinth and facial canal before they are diagnosed. However, clinical findings are nonspecific and diagnosis may be delayed. Moreover, surgery of petrous apex cholesteatoma is extremely difficult. Several approaches have been reported for removal. In this article, a case of congenital petrous apex cholesteatoma with delayed diagnosis who treated with modified transcochlear approach was presented.

The present study focused on the comparison of mental health and quality of life (QoL) between chronic otitis media (COM) patients and the hearing population. The patients with chronic otitis media and healthy control group were enrolled in the study. The duration and severity of the auditory impairment were recorded. In addition to hearing loss (HL), the findings of each patient’s other ear disorders (ear discharge and tinnitus) were also recorded. In both the groups, psychological symptom profile and health-related QoL were evaluated and compared using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Symptom Check List 90-Revised Form (SCL-90-R), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). According to SCL-90-R, somatization (p

Defects of the nasal septum occur as a result of a variety of causes, including tuberculosis, irritation, neoplasia, trauma, infection, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Congenital os vomer agenesis as a cause is very rare. We report the case of a 28-year-old man with a defect in the posteroinferior part of the nasal septum that was discovered incidentally during a routine endoscopic examination. The patient was diagnosed with congenital os vomer agenesis, and the diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography. We discuss the features of this case and review the literature on this rare anomaly.

In most rhinoplasty procedures, osteotomies are usually required. The osteotomy areas are innervated by sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is clinically defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic activity during stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. When an osteotomy is performed or external pressure is applied over the nasal bone, the infraorbital nerve may send signals via this nerve. The aim of this prospective study is to determine the blood pressure changes and occurrence of TCR during rhinoplasty. one hundred and eight patients were enrolled into the study. Lidocaine and adrenaline combination (LAC) was injected only into the left lateral osteotomy sites. All patients underwent median, right-side, then left-side lateral osteotomies and nasal pyramid infracture. The haemodynamic changes were recorded. A 10% or more decrease in the heart rate from baseline was considered a TCR. TCR was detected in nine patients following lateral osteotomies and nasal pyramid infracture procedures (8.3%). The authors determined that LAC injection prior to osteotomy did not prevent TCR. Manipulation at or near the infraorbital nerve during rhinoplasty may cause TCR, even if local anaesthetic infiltration is used.

The purpose of this study was to review our patients with complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and compare with literature. This retrospective study was performed over 10 years in our tertiary referral university hospital. During this period 4,630 patients with CSOM were admitted to the department and 906 patients underwent a surgery. From the records of the 4,630 patients, 121 patients (2.6%) with complications were identified. Of the 906 CSOM patients that underwent a surgery, 511 had cholesteatoma, and 395 had granulation and/or polyp tissue. Ninety-four of 511 (18.4%) patients with cholesteatoma and 27 of 395 (6.8%) patients with granulation and/or polyp tissue had a complication. Of the 121 complicated CSOM patients, 57 extracranial (47.1%) and 37 intracranial (30.6%). Multiple combined complications were occurred in 27 (22.3%) patients. The mastoid abscess was the commonest extracranial complication (28.3%); it was followed by labyrinthitis (9%), facial nerve paralysis (8.4%), and Bezold's abscess (1.3%). The most common intracranial complication was lateral sinus thrombophlebitis (19.5%), followed by perisigmoid sinus abscess (13.5%), meningitis (9%), brain abscess (6.5%), and extradural abscess (4.5%). Most frequent intraoperative finding of complicated CSOM patients was cholesteatoma, with the exception of patients with facial nerve paralysis. There was no mortality in any of our patients. The additional morbidities were recorded in 25 patients (20.6%). In this study, we emphasize the importance of an accurate and early diagnosis, followed by adequate surgical therapy and a multidisciplinary approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the cochlear function. Fourteen Wistar albino adult male rats were equally divided into two groups: sham control and exposure groups. Rat heads in the carousel were exposed to 900 MHz microwave radiation (power output: 2 W) emitted from generator. The rats in the study group were exposed to the radiofrequency radiation 3 h per day (7 days a week) for 6 months. For the sham group, the same procedure was applied to the rats (3 h per day, 7 days a week for 6 months), except that the generator was turned off. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) values of rats were measured at the beginning of the study (baseline), 3 rd and 6 th month of the exposure. There were no significant DPOAE changes either in the exposure or sham control groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, according to the results for the DPOAE values obtained in this study we can state that long-term exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation, which is 3 h a day (during 6 months), did not affect the cochlear function of rats. However, the DPOAE values obtained in this study do not constitute an example for subjects who talk on the mobile phone for a long time.

Reconstruction of the maxillofacial bone defects and fractures poses a challenge to the surgeons. Various alternatives and materials have been described for these defects and fractures. Glass ionomer bone cements (GICs) have been used extensively in dentistry but recently they have also been utilized in otolaryngology. We hypothesized that GIC can be an alternative material for maxillofacial reconstruction. However, their biocompatibility is of primary importance because this material will be in direct contact with the tissue for a prolonged time and might affect it. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the tissue responses to GIC in the maxillofacial area in rabbits. The study was carried out on 16 New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided into study (n: 8) and control (n: 8) groups. Experimental defects and fractures were created in the nasal bone, maxilla and zygoma in both the study and the control group. The experimental fractures and defects were reconstructed by GIC in the study group. However, the rabbits in the control group were left to natural healing process. The inflammatory reaction and fibrosis in the rabbits of both the study and the control group were compared by using descriptive histopathological analysis 180 days after application. The tissue reactions were graded. GIC showed a slight inflammatory and fibrous reaction in the rabbit of the study group. Nevertheless, statistical difference between the groups was not observed in terms of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that GIC is a well tolerated material in maxillofacial reconstruction.

In the newborn, congenital laryngeal cysts can cause lifethreatening respiratory distress. Mortality can be prevented by early diagnosis. Therefore, a congenital laryngeal cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an infant who develops respiratory distress and stridor. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscop is a valuable tool in diagnosis. The treatment of the cyst is total surgical excision. This article reviews the literature and presents a case of congenital laryngeal cyst that caused respiratory distress at birth and was treated surgically. Konjenital larinks kistleri yenidoğanda hayatı tehdit edebilecek solunum sıkıntısına neden olabilmektedir. Erken teşhis ile mortalite engellenebilir. Bu nedenle solunum sıkıntısı ve stridor şikayeti olan bir bebekte konjenital larinks kisti ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmelidir. Esnek nazofaringolaringoskop çok değerli bir tanı aracıdır. Tedavisi kistin total cerrahi eksizyonudur. Bu yazıda; doğumdan itibaren solunum sıkıntısı oluşturan ve cerrahi olarak tedavi edilen konjenital larinks kisti olgusu literatür eşliğinde tartışılmıştır

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the etiology, surgical methods and complications of the patients who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) for bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Materials and methods: Between October 2010 and February 2012, 36 patients who underwent CI were retrospectively analyzed in terms of age, sex, etiology of hearing loss, surgical approach and complications. Results: The age range of patients was 1-52 years [15 female (% 41.7), 21 male (% 58.3]. Thirty-three of the patients (average age 4.2±1.8) were in pediatric age group, remaining three patients (29, 45, 51 years old) were adult. All of pediatric patients were diagnosed as congenital hearing loss (31 patients idiopathic, 1 Goldenhar syndrome, 1 ectodermal dysplasia). Adult patients were operated due to hearing loss secondary to bilateral temporal bone fracture, chronic otitis media surgery, and meningitis. Thirty-four patients operated via a mastoidectomy-posterior tympanotomy and extended round window approach. One patient operated via a suprameatal approach. One patient was operated using two-stage procedure. Three patients had a perilymph gusher. No major or minor complications occurred in patients. We operated the selected patients as a beginner cochlear implant center. Conclusion: Despite limited number of our study group, it can be concluded that cochlear implantaiton is an effective treatment for adults and children with profound bilateral sensorineural deafness. It was found as a safe low morbidity technique with low complication rates in the presented patients., Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı iki taraflı sensörinöral tip işitme kaybı sebebiyle koklear implantasyon yapılan hastaları etiyoloji, cerrahi yöntem ve komplikasyonlar açısından analiz etmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Kasım 2010 ile Şubat 2012 arasında koklear implantasyon yapılan toplam 36 hasta yaş, cinsiyet, işitme kaybı sebebi, cerrahi yaklaşım ve komplikasyonlar açısından retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaşları 1 ile 52 arasında idi (15 bayan (% 41.7), 21 erkek (% 58.3). Otuz üç hasta çocuk (ortalama yaş 4.2±1.8), kalan üç hasta erişkin idi (29, 45, 51 yaşlarında). Çocuk hastaların tümü doğuştan işitme kaybı idi (31 hasta idiyopatik, 1 hasta Goldenhar sendromu, 1 hasta ektodermal displazi). Erişkin hastalar ise iki taraflı temporal kemik kırığına, kronik otitis media operasyonuna ve menenjite bağlı işitme kayıpları sebebiyle opere edildiler. Otuz dört hastaya mastoidektomi-posterior timpanotomi ve genişletilmiş yuvarlak pencere metoduyla implantasyon yapıldı. Bir hasta ise suprameatal yaklaşımla opere edildi. Açık radikal mastoidektomi kavitesi olan bir hastaya ise iki seanslı implantasyon yapıldı. Üç hastada perilenf sızıntısı gelişti. Hastalarımızın hiçbirinde minör ve major komplikasyon gelişmedi. Kliniğimizde başlangıç olarak seçilmiş hastalarda implantasyon uygulamıştır. Sonuç: Sınırlı sayıdaki hasta grubumuza rağmen koklear implantasyonun çocuk ve erişkinlerdeki ileri işitme kayıplarında etkili bir tedavi yöntemi olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Sunulan hasta serisinde düşük komplikasyon oranları ile koklear implantasyonun güvenli ve düşük morbiditeli bir yöntem olduğu görüldü.

Surgical resection is usually prefered for the treatment of benign nodular goiter. But the extention of thyroidectomy in the surgical management of benign nodular goiter still remains ontroversial. Seventytwo patients underwent thyroid surgery between April 2002- July2007 in Kızıltepe State Hospital Otorhinolaryngology Service. Of the patients 63 were women (%87.5), 9 were man (%12.5). The range of age was between 15-62 years and mean age was 36,5. Thirtynine patients had unilateral total lobectomy+ istmusectomy (%54.2), 11 patients had unilateral lobectomy+ isthmusectomy+contralateral subtotal lobectomy (Dunhill Procedure) (%15.3), 20 patients had nearly total thyroidectomy (%27.8), 2 patients had total thyroidectomy (% 2.7). Three patients had seroma (%4.1), 2 patients had hemorrhage requiring operative hemostasis (%2.7), 1 patient had suture reaction(%1.3). Patients have not had permanent or temporary nervus laryngeus recurrens injury, hypoparathyroidism and infection. As a result more extent surgical resections must be preferred by the surgeon for the treatment of benign nodular goiter. The preferable surgical treatment of solitary nodules is lobectomy+isthmusectomy. The multinodular goiter must be treated with unilateral lobectomy+ isthmusectomy+contralateral subtotal lobectomy (Dunhill procedure) when the remnant thyroid tissue is normal; otherwise nearly total or total thyroidectomy is preferable., Benign nodüler guatrlı hastaların tedavisinde cerrahi rezeksiyon sıklıkla uygulanmaktadır. Ancak benign nodüler guatıra cerrahi yaklasımda tiroidektominin genisligi halen tartısmalıdır. Kızıltepe Devlet Hastanesi Kulak Burun Bogaz Servisi\'nde Nisan 2002-Temmuz 2007 tarihleri arasında toplam 72 hastaya tiroid cerrahisi uygulandı. Hastaların 63\'ü kadın (%87.5), 9\'u erkekti (%12.5). Otuzdokuz hastaya tek taraflı total lobektomi+istmusektomi (%54.2) , 20 hastaya totale yakın tiroidektomi (%27.8),11 hastaya bir taraf total lobektomi+istmusektomi+ karsı tarafa subtotal tiroid lobektomi (Dunhill prosedürü) (%15,3) , iki hastaya total tiroidektomi (% 2.7) yapıldı. Postoperatif 3 hastada seroma ( % 4.1), 2 hastada eksplorasyon gerektirecek postoperatif hematom (%2.7), 1 hastada sütür reaksiyonu (%1.3), saptandı. Hastalarımızda geçici veya kalıcı nervus laringeus rekürren hasarı, hipoparatiroidi ve infeksiyon saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak benign nodüler guatrın cerrahi tedavisinde mümkün oldugunca genis cerrahi yöntemler tercih edilmelidir. Soliter nodüllerde total lobektomi + istmusektomi, multinodüler guatrda kalan doku saglamsa Dunhill prosedürü, saglam degilse totale yakın veya total tiroidektomi tercih edilmelidir.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the rat nasal mucosa. Twelve adult Sprague-Dawley rats, each weighing 180–220 g, were u...

Aim: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is an important adjuvant therapy and being increasingly used in the treatment of various disorders because of having an important antioxidant activity. This experimental study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of HBO therapy on streptomycin-induced ototoxicity. Material and Method: Twenty-eight adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Streptomycin (n=7), saline (n=7), HBO (n=7), and streptomycin plus HBO (n=7). The HBO administered rats were placed into a large pressure chamber and received 100% oxygene at 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 60 minutes per day in a period of seven days. Rats were tested with DPOAE (Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions) in the beginning and the end of study. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under general anesthesia on the seventh day. Biopsy specimens from inner ear were stored for histopathologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) under light microscopy. Results: Outer hair cells shown by light microscopic images were mostly preserved in control and HBO group. DPOAE measurements revealed no significant differences between the beginning and the end (p>0.05). Streptomycin and streptomycin plus HBO treated rats showed loss of hair cells and auditory functions significantly (p0.05). Discussion: HBO has probably no harmful effect on hair cells. But it seems to be not beneficial in a streptomycin-induced cochlear damage rat model.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the etiology of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL) and to call attention to Acute Otitis Media (AOM) with SSHL. Study Design and Setting: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter analysis of SSHL. We were used spearman correlation matrix test for correlations between all variables. One hundred twelve patients with SSHL were evaluated. Results: A total of 112 patients (62 males, 50 females) ranging in age from 17 to 70 years (average male 40.21 ± 14.04, average female 40.26 ± 11.16) were included. Fourteen of these had AOM. The majority of patients had moderate hearing loss. Flat and down-sloping types of audiogram were also observed (P 0.05). Otoscopic examination was consistent with AOM. SSHL occurred as mixed-type hearing loss. Tympanometry was observed as type A. Conclusion: In the treatment and follow-up periods, AOM patients should be checked and treated for the presence (if any) of early hearing loss.

The mandible is one of the most frequently fractured bones of the face. Condylar fractures are the most common mandibular fractures in adults. The potential complications of mandibular fractures are infection, paresthesia, malunion, nonunion, asymmetry, and long-term functional and growth disturbances. In this article, we report an uncommon case of life-threatening pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery secondary to subcondylar fracture. We believe that the subcondylar fracture on the vertical vector and oblique direction can damage vital tissues such as the internal maxillary artery, and this injury was, to our knowledge, the first reported acute pseudoaneurysm, which occurred just after the injury at the initial part of the maxillary artery.

The most common reason of orbital infections is sinusitis. Orbital complications of sinusitis are mostly seen in children. Loss of vision and intracranial infections are among the complications of sinusitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is very important in the management of orbital complications. The orbital complication can be in the form of cellulitis or abscess. A retrospective review of 26 pediatric patients with orbital complications due to sinusitis was presented in this study. Of 26 patients, there were 13 cases of preseptal cellulitis, 2 cases of orbital cellulitis, and 11 cases of subperiosteal abscess. We grouped the preseptal and orbital cellulites in one category and the subperiosteal abscess in the other. All patients in the cellulitis group recovered by medical treatment. All the patients were treated by surgical drainage. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment method are vital for the treatment of orbital complications secondary to sinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the severity of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms in patients with obstructive airway problems scheduled to undergo adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy operation. The effects of the surgical treatment on these symptoms will also be investigated in a case-control design. METHODS: This prospective study included 63 patients (29 girls, 34 boys) who were operated on at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dicle University Medical School, between January 2010 and May 2011 because of obstructive symptoms caused by adenoid or adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The age range of the patients was between 4 and 13 years. The control group consisted of 33 (17 girls, 16 boys) healthy children. RESULTS: Among the patients, 15 children underwent adenoidectomy because of adenoid hypertrophy; 13 patients had adenotonsillectomy because of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and the remaining patients underwent adenotonsillectomy related with chronic or recurrent tonsillitis with adenoid hypertrophy. Based on the preoperative data, statistically significant difference was observed between the patient and control groups. The patients' attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms preoperatively and postoperatively have shown statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms were common among the children who show signs of airway obstruction due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy operations were both observed to be associated with improvement in these symptoms.

Osteoma of external auditory canal is a unilateral benign tumor which usually presents with no symptoms. They only cause symptoms when cerumen collection or conduction type hearing loss occurs. They are the most common osseous lesions of the temporal bone. It very rarely presents with cholesteatoma. So far, no osteoma case concomitant with, cholesteatoma and meningitis has not been reported. In this article, we report an interesting case presenting with external auditory canal osteoma, cholestatoma and meningitis concomitantly who was treated successfully using the canal Wall-down mastoidectomy technique.

Seborrheic keratosis is a common and benign cutaneous lesion occurring on the trunk, extremities, and head and neck of the elderly. It is rarely seen in the external auditory canal. We present a case of seborrheic keratosis in the external auditory canal of a one-year-old child. The patient was treated successfully with surgical excision.

Objective:Deafness may be one of the factors that leads to a change in sexual function. This study aimed to assess sexual function, in particular erectile dysfunction, in male patients with hearing loss.Materials and methods:We studied two groups: (1) adult men with acquired, bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss, and (2) healthy, adult, married men demonstrated to have normal hearing levels, as the control group. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Functions questionnaire, and quality of life using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the International Index of Erectile Functions questionnaire results (p Conclusion:Our results indicate that men with mild or moderate sensorineural hearing loss have poorer sexual health.

Deep neck infections, which are originated from upper respiratory tract, are bacterial infections involving deep structures of the neck. Unless diagnosed and managed appropriately, these infections may progress rapidly, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Although, Acinetobacter baumannii plays a significant role in several nosocomial infections, ear nose throat physicians are usually unfamiliar with this bacteria and it is rarely isolated in deep neck infections. In this article, we present a serious case of deep neck infection in which Acinetobacter baumannii was cultured from the abscess. The patient was treated successfully with antibiotic and surgical drainage.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos histopatologicos del uso sistemico de nicotina sobre la mucosa nasal de la rata. Se utilizaron como animales de experimentacion 12 ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas, entre 180-220 g, divididas en grupos de nicotina y control. Al grupo de nicotina (n = 6) se le administro sulfato de nicotina 2mg/kg durante 28 dias. Al grupo control (n = 6) se les administro solo 1,5 ml de solucion salina fisiologica por via subcutanea durante 28 dias. Todos los animales fueron sacrificados al final del estudio. Se tomaron muestras del tejido nasal y se examinaron histologicamente. Las secciones fueron tenidas con H-E, acido periodico de Schiff (PAS) y tricromico de Masson, observandose bajo microscopia de luz. Ademas, se evaluo la inmunoreactividad a E-cadherina de las celulas del epitelio pseudoestraficado de la mucosa nasal. Hubo diferencias significativas en la puntuacion histopatologica media entre los grupos tratados y no tratados con nicotina. En el grupo de nicotina, se observaron cambios degenerativos de las celulas epiteliales e hipertrofia de las celulas caliciformes. Se observo una infiltracion significativa de leucocitos en diferentes areas del tejido conectivo. La E-cadherina se redujo significativamente en las celulas epiteliales de la mucosa nasal del grupo nicotina.

Es conocido que la inhalacion de formaldehido tiene carateristicas irritantes para la mucosa nasal. En este estudio se examinaron los efectos histopatologicos de la inhalacion de formaldehido en ratas mediante microscopia de luz. Se utilizaron en este estudio 16 ratas Wistar albinas adultas, ocho ratas como grupo control y ocho como grupo experimental. El grupo experimental fue expuesto a 10 ppm formaldehido 8 horas/dia, 5 dias/semana por 8 semanas. La mucosa nasal fue retirada y colocada en formalina al 10%. Las secciones obtenidas fueron tenidas con Hematoxilina-Eosina y observadas al microscopio optico. El epitelio de revestimiento de la mucosa respiratoria mostro una perdida de celulas ciliadas con metaplasia de las celulas caliciformes e hiperplasia de celulas escamosas.

Objective The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the efficacy of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the prevention of streptomycin-induced ototoxicity. Materials and Methods Thirty-two adult Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 8), streptomycin (n = 8), CAPE (n = 8), and streptomycin + CAPE (n = 8). Rats were tested with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) before drug administration. The animals in all groups were killed under general anesthesia on the 45th day following last DPOAE measurements. Hearing results were analyzed statistically to determine differences in amplitudes of DPOAE. Also, the cochleas of each rat were evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results Significant difference was not observed in cochlear hair cells in the control and CAPE groups. In the streptomycin group, severe degeneration of hair cells and increased apoptotic cells were observed. In the streptomycin + CAPE group, although some deteriorations were observed, hair cells were mostly preserved. The DPgram of the streptomycin and streptomycin + CAPE groups was significantly deteriorated (P < .05). The analysis of the DPgram results revealed statistically significant differences between the groups of streptomycin and streptomycin + CAPE (P < .05). Conclusions Caffeic acid phenethyl ester treatment attenuated hair cells injury in the inner ear, possibly via its antioxidant effect. Prophylactic administration of CAPE for streptomycin ototoxicity ameliorated hearing deterioration in rats.

The aim of this prospective study was to improve the quality of life of and reduce morbidity for patients with ectodermal dysplasia by assessing their actual and potential ENT pathologies, and offering methods of prevention and treatment. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 and included 23 patients diagnosed with ectodermal dysplasia. The major symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia were evaluated. Patient histories were obtained in all cases, and a complete head and neck examination was carried out. Of the 23 patients (11 males and 12 females, aged 5 to 45 years) diagnosed with ectodermal dysplasia, 22 had hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and 1 had ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome. In all patients diagnosed with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, the salivary glands were examined by ultrasonography and, when necessary, by scintigraphy. Hearing defects inpatients with otologic problems were determined by audiometric examination: 39.1% of the patients had hearingloss, 43.5% had otitis media, and 39.1% had impacted cerumen. The most common rhinologic findings were saddle nose deformity in 56.5%, nasal obstruction and nasal dryness (52.2% each), and chronic rhinitis/rhinosinusitis (34.8%). The most common oral and oropharyngeal findings were difficulty chewing in 82.6% and dry mouth in 78.3%. All 23 patients had required dental work. Because this disorder affects several aspects of the body, its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, with the otolaryngologist being a vital part of the management team.

Objectives Sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, is widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Although cochlear effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors remain still unclear because of inadequate data, some evidence that recently emerged indicates that these medications may be responsible for hearing impairment. In the present study, we aimed to examine the histopathologic effects of long-term sildenafil use on the cochlea in a rat model. Methods The study was performed with adult male Wistar albino rats. The control group was fed on standard laboratory diet. The study group was applied orally with sildenafil therapy, 1.5 mg/kg once a day for 45 days. Rats were anesthetized and decapitated. Each temporal bone was dissected, and the cochleas were removed en bloc. The inner-ear biopsy specimens were examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin and caspase 3 immunoreaction under light microscopy. Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed no distinctive difference between the control group and the sildenafil group. With immunohistochemical examination, caspase 3 immunoreactivity was observed in the sildenafil group. In the control group, caspase 3 immunoreactivity was not observed. Conclusions The caspase 3 immunoreactivity in the sildenafil group was strongly associated with an increase in apoptotic events in the cochlea. Long-term use of sildenafil can cause hearing impairment through increased apoptosis.

Thyroglossal duct cysts originate from persistent epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal duct that are present during the descent of the thyroid gland from the foramen cecum to its final position in the anterior neck. Thyroglossal duct may persist anywhere along the descent from the tongue to the thyroid. Lingually localized thyroglossal duct cysts are congenital lesions of the pharynx, which are very uncommon and may cause morbidity and mortality if not treated expeditiously. Double thyroglossal cysts and the complete failure of the obliterative process of thyroglossal duct are very rare in the literature. In this article, we describe a case of two cysts derived from the same thyroglossal duct, one in the hyoid region and the other in the tongue base. To our knowledge, this coexistence has not been described previously in the literature.

Nasal osteotomies are the most important cause of periorbital edema and ecchymosis. Injection of lidocaine and adrenaline is recommended to reduce bleeding. Whilst the lidocaine and adrenaline combination (LAC) is claimed to reduce postoperative ecchymosis and edema, this effect remains to be proven conclusively. This study, on 48 patients, was designed to investigate the effects of LAC injection on postoperative edema/ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. LAC was applied at a random side prior to the lateral osteotomy. The opposite side was used as a control. The relationship between edema/ecchymosis and the degree of LAC on the injected and uninjected sides was evaluated on the first, third and seventh day postoperatively. The relationships between edema and ecchymosis with operation time and intraoperative systolic blood pressure were also evaluated. Bleeding was reduced on the side treated with LAC (p=0.050). The degrees of edema/ecchymosis increased with increases in the duration of operation and the systolic blood pressure on the first postoperative day for the LAC-applied side (p0.05). This correlation was not observed on the opposite side (p0.05). Application of LAC reduces bleeding during rhinoplasty and pain control postoperatively but reduced edema and ecchymosis should not be expected following LAC application.

This study aimed to compare the veracity of computed tomography findings on patients undergoing surgery for chronic otitis media (COM) with the surgical findings, and to determine to what extent the preoperative computerized tomography (CT) findings are useful to the surgeon. A series of 56 patients with COM undergoing preoperative CT scanning followed by surgical exploration of the middle ear and mastoid. Operative notes were recorded and data collected on the nature of soft tissue masses, the status of the ossicles, presence or absence of facial canal dehiscence and semicircular canal (SCC) dehiscence and the presence or absence of dural plate erosion, and sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Fifty-six patients were recruited in the study, 30 males and 26 females. The age range was from 16 to 67 years with a mean of 26.51 ± 1.4 years. The preoperative CT scan imaging in cases of cholesteatoma, ossicular chain erosion and SCC dehiscence have good correlation with the intraoperative findings. The specificity of preoperative CT scan in detecting facial canal dehiscence, dural plate erosion and sigmoid sinus thrombosis in patient of COM were weak. Preoperative computed tomography evaluation is fairly useful especially in cases of cholesteatoma. According to the results of this study, CT is of value particularly in the definition of cholesteatoma, and in determining ossicular chain erosion and semicircular canal fistula.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the relationship between food allergy and otitis media with effusion (OME).MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on three different groups. The patient group was made up of 56 patients with OME (group I). There were 28 patients with food allergy in group II and these patients were investigated for OME. The control group consisted of 28 patients without any complaints concerning food allergy or OME (group III).RESULTS: Food allergy was detected in 25 patients with OME (44.6%) (group I). In patients with food allergy (group II), OME was detected in 7 patients (25%). In the control group (group III) food allergy was diagnosed in 5 patients (18%) and OME in 1 patient (3%). The incidence of food allergy in OME group was statistically significant when compared to the normal group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that food allergy may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of OME. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130: 747-50.)