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Sperberacris, a new Neotropical genus of Amblytropidiini. Sperberacris muriciensis n. sp. (type species) from the municipality of Murici, State of Alagoas, Brazil is described. The new genus differs from other tribe congenera by the epiproct suboval, furculae divided into four long sclerotized lobes, cerci curved inward, apex truncated and sclerotized at the tip and convex bridge of the epiphallus with two large black sclerotized spots. The new species presents a diploid number of 2n = 23, X0♂/24, XX♀, and the karyotype is made up of telo/acrocentric chromosomes, with one dot-like B chromosome occurring in some nuclei. Morphological descriptions are provided along with illustrations emphasizing the most significant diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Information on type specimens, material examined, and distribution provided.

Using species distribution modelling (SDMs) techniques, we predicted the biogeographic history of crickets commonly found in Neotropical caves as a way to detect potential long-term environmental refuges in South America. Our models were built based on a thorough investigation of existing database regarding the genus Endecous Saussure, 1878 (Ensifera: Phalangopsidae) occurrences. The predictions of their distribution were obtained for two paleoclimate scenarios (LGM — 21 ka and Mid-Holocene — 6 ka), the current climate scenario (0 ka) and one future global warming climate scenario (RCP8.5, 2080–2100). Our findings suggest that in the past, the potential distribution of the crickets was wider, with potential forest corridors connecting different karst areas with caves within their occupancy area. The future prediction indicates a drastic reduction in their spatial distribution with an increased potential for isolation in subterranean ecosystems. Atlantic humid forest patches and caves represent the main environmental refuges for these crickets. Considering the ongoing impacts on surface environments and future climate change, the conservation of caves and karst landscapes has become one of the main strategies for the maintenance of these crickets and all the correlated subterranean communities.

The knowledge of bioacoustics of the Neotropical crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidea) is incipient, despite the great species diversity in the region. There are few cricket song-files deposited in the major World Sound Libraries, compared to other groups such as birds and amphibians. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the bioacoustics of Brazilian crickets, we organize, analyze and make available at Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard (FNJV) and Orthoptera Species File (OSF) our bank of cricket songs. We deposited 876 cricket’s song files in the FNJV, belonging to 31 species and 47 sonotypes. The songs were field/lab recorded, and all individuals were collected to improve species/sonotypes taxonomic determination accuracy. We present photos (in vivo) of most recorded crickets, as well as calling song spectrograms to facilitate the species/sonotype recognition. Samples of the songs can be found online on the FNJV website, using the codes available in this work, as well as on the OSF, linked to the species name. As a result, we advance the knowledge of the songs of crickets and the current perspective of the Brazilian cricket bioacoustics. We encourage researchers to share with the public their collections of their cricket file songs both in the FNJV and the OSF.

The comparative analysis of the internal and external male genitalia of the Abracrini grasshoppers was conducted, including representatives of the type species of the genera, specimens compared with the same or more representative specimens of the genus, and bibliography data. We include schematic illustrations that point to the morphological differences between the genitalia, based on subgenital plate, furculae, epiproct, cerci, ectophallic sheath, aedeagal valves, expansion of gonopore and epiphallus. A dichotomous key to the 21 Abracrini genera was presented.

Tree Crickets, Oecanthus Serville, 1831 have a worldwide distribution, and are known as Tree Crickets because they are common in the treetops, even though many species occur in different strata of forest, and also in open fields. In this work we describe a new species of Oecanthus from Southern Brazil, based on the most significant diagnostic structures in the ocanthine taxonomy, such as the phallic sclerites and metanotal gland morphology, as well as calling song. The new species herein described has a distinct faint red spot between the eyes, a metanotal gland with a triangular posterior median lobe with the apex curved up and forward, the median lophi of pseudepiphallus slightly elongate with an U-shaped invagination, and the ectophallic distal arc prolongation with the posterior apex U-bifurcated. The calling song stands out among the local stridulating crickets for alternate a regular and an irregular train of chirps. Illustrations of the external morphology, information about type specimens, material examined, measurements, and spectrogram of the calling and courtship songs is provided.

Crickets stand out for the production of acoustic signals used in intraspecific communication, which is present in the reproductive and agonistic behaviour of species. The most common repertoire in...

Neopedies taimensis n. sp. is described as a new species of grasshopper from the genus Neopedies Hebard, 1931 collected in Taim Ecological Station, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This description is supported with photographs that detail the male and female external and internal morphological characteristics. The new species differs from the other species known by furculae developed and sclerotized, epiproct with two protuberances, cerci quadrangular indented and sclerotized, ancorae developed and lophi with posterior projections divergent. In addition, we present habitat notes, geographic distribution, key to the species of genus and chromosome complement. Chromosome analyses were performed using standard staining procedures, showing diploid number of 2n = 23, X0♂/24, XX♀ and the karyotype made up of exclusively acrocentric chromosomes.

New species of Pseudoscopas (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). Pseudoscopas carbonelli n. sp. from São Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil is described, and a key to the species of Pseudoscopas Hebard, 1931 is added. Morphological descriptions are provided together with illustrations emphasizing the most significant diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Pseudoscopas carbonelli n. sp. differs from the other species known by epiproct with six protuberances in the median region, and extremities of the apical region of the epiproct sclerotized, as well as the lophi with sclerotization. Chromosome analyses were performed using standard staining procedures, showing diploid number of 2n = 23, X0♂/24, XX♀, and the karyotype made up of exclusively acrocentric chromosomes, including a medium-size megameric chromosome. Information is given about type specimens, material examined and geographic distribution.

Phalangopsids are a diverse group of crickets found in all tropical and subtropical regions, and includes 1044 valid species. Up to now, only 22 species were studied cytologically, with the chromosome number ranging from 2n = 11 to 2n = 21. In this paper we studied the chromosomes of 12 phalangopsid species from different Brazilian biomes (eight of them reported for the first time), and we traced some trends on chromosomal derivation in this group, based on chromosome morphology and fundamental number. We found that in the phalangopsid species the karyotype concentrates a large amount of metacentric chromosomes, the result of successive centric fusions over evolutionary time. Moreover, pericentric inversions and translocations have been also important in the chromosomal derivation of these crickets.

Orthoptera is the most diverse order in Polyneoptera, with more than 28,000 species described. They are cosmopolitan, inhabitants of tropical and subtropical regions, and are also found at high altitudes and latitudes. Their populations are generally large, and the abundance of individuals makes them an important component of the Arthropoda fauna. Orthopterans are mostly terrestrial, with some groups inhabiting semiaquatic habit, and they use a wide range of environments, from underground to canopy. In this chapter, we present the diversity of habitats and behaviors of Orthoptera and the manner in which this diversity affects their sampling, presenting specific methods for Orthoptera sampling according to habitat, taxon, and study aims. We discuss sampling methodologies for orthopterans dwelling on the ground, on shrubs, in caves and semiaquatic environments. We also consider sampling according to study group, comprehending katydids, crickets, and grasshoppers. We dedicate a special section to studies on orthopteran behavior and breeding, bioacoustics, chromosomes, and DNA. We present recommendations for specimen preservation for scientific collections. We also discuss sampling design and cautions for data analysis in ecological studies, indicating appropriate statistical distributions, analytic techniques for nested data, spatial autocorrelation, and biodiversity metrics at broad geographic scales.

Crickets of the genus Endecous (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) are frequently found in caves, in some cases presenting strictly subterranean lifestyle. In addition to the morphological diagnostic characters of the group, bioacoustic and karyotype, also help on delimiting species. Here, we describe two new sympatric species of this genus, which occur in the largest cave of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, using the morphology of phallic complex, the courtship song and karyotype. Moreover, we discuss the criteria used, the troglomorphisms for this genus, as well as hypothesis on the speciation process involving these species.

The courtship, copulation and post-copulatory behavior, as well as acoustic communication of the Neotropical cricket Endecous (Notendecous) onthophagus is described under laboratory conditions and compared with other phalangopsids whose mating system was studied so far. We found that E. onthophagus present predictable mating sequences including seven events: (1) prolonged courtship; (2) male spermatophore extrusion during courtship; (3) female-above copulatory position; (4) prolonged copulation; (5) male forewings flipped over his head, exposing metanotal region along copulation; (6) copulation without spermatophore transfer; and (7) absence of guarding behavior. We suggest these events (1 to 7) as a behavioral line shared by phalangopsids, and we highlight variations that reflect the behavioral diversity of these crickets. The males of E. onthophagus produce the calling song (chirps) to attract females to mate, and also stridulates intermittently during the entire courtship period with distinct acoustic parameters during the stages of pre- and post-spermatophore extrusion.

Cricket mating behavior reflects different strategies developed by sexual selection throughout evolutionary time. To our knowledge, only one species of the Neotropical cricket Trigonidiinae had its mating behavior studied so far. Here we expand this knowledge by describing the mating behavior of Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861, a cricket commonly found in bushes and grasses along open fields or the forest edge. Adult crickets were collected in the municipality of Capão do Leão, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Trials were carried out in laboratory to characterize the mating sequence. We quantified elapsed time of each behavioral sequence and discussed its implications in the observed mating behavior. The males of C. colliurides attracted females by means of a continuous trill, and receptive female triggers the beginning of the courtship through antennation. During courtship, copulation and post-copulatory actions, males showed a complex communication system based on information send to female by substrate vibration and an elaborated repertoire composed by calling, courtship and post-copulatory song. The mating behavior here described reveals divergence between related species hitherto studied which give us clues to understand how the sexual selection shaped the complex behaviors exhibited by Trigonidiinae crickets presently.

A new species of the Neotropical grasshopper genus Aptoceras Bruner, 1908 is described from individuals collected in the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná State, Brazil. Aptoceras iguassuensis n. sp. inhabits in shrubs in the Atlantic Forest. The species belongs to the genus group Nicarchae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893. Descriptions, photographs, and illustrations of the male and female, as well as photographs of the male phallic sclerites are presented. An identification key for the five species of Aptoceras from Brazil and a distribution map are also given.

The Speckled Rail (Coturnicops notatus) is one of the least known Neotropical birds. Despite the ongoing debate if its rarity is genuine or related to detection problems, its conservation status has been recurrently assessed as “least-concern.” Absence of voice recordings and thorough voice descriptions are the major limitations in determining its distribution and population size, which may bias the assessment of its conservation status. We present the first voice analyses of this species and two new records for southeastern South America based on individuals received by a wildlife rehabilitation center in southern Brazil. The first individual was found aboard a ship traveling from Uruguay to the Brazilian port of Rio Grande in October 2007, and the second was found in the Brazilian city of Pelotas in August 2015. At least three different types of voices of the latter individual were recorded and analyzed, all of which differ in pitch, timbre, and structure from the voices of other South American...

In this paper we improve the morphological description of the tree cricket Neoxabea brevipes Rehn, 1913 and a new occurrence record for the species at the São Francisco de Paula National Forest Conservation Unit, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Morphological characterization is provided together with illustrations emphasizing the most significant diagnostic features, such as the metanotal gland, abdominal specializations and phallic sclerites. The calling song was field recorded, comprising a continuous trill with dominant frequency of 3.6 kHz (19.7°C). The karyotype was described for the first time to Neoxabea Kirby, 1906, including diploid number of 2n=26, with two sexual chromosomes.

In this paper we describe two new sympatric species of phalangopsid crickets Adelosgryllus from the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, State of Ceará, Brazil, highlighting morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia, tegmina and copulatory papilla. We also present a geographical map for the valid species of the genus, as well as photographs of holotypes and paratypes. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).

In this study, we describe a new species of the genus Poecilocloeus from Renascença municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. Poecilocloeus renascensis n. sp. inhabits the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest edges of Renascença and adjacent areas, and our study is the first record of this genus from southern Brazil. The species belongs to the group bullatus (Rehn, 1908), and the descriptions are based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia. Morphological descriptions are provided together with illustrations emphasizing the most significant diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Information is given about type specimens, examined material and geographic distribution.

In this study we describe two new species of cavicolous-straminicolous crickets for southern Brazil. Endecous chape n. sp. and E. naipi n. sp. are sympatric crickets that inhabit the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest of the Iguaçu National Park and adjacent areas. The descriptions were based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia and tegmina of adult males. Furthermore, we describe the chromosomes and the calling song of one of the new species, E. chape n. sp., presenting a discussion about the morphology of the phallic complex of Endecous and a distribution map for the species of the genus. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), and in the Coleção de Insetos do Departamento de Zoologia (Zoology Department Insect Collection), Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP-Botucatu campus.

Luzarida and Luzaridella are first recorded from Brazil. A new species of Luzaridella and the female of Luzarida lata is described from Central Amazon. Habitus, morphological characteristics, male and female genitalia photographs are pro-vided. Calling song of Luzarida lata and Luzaridella sp. nov. are characterized.

The calling song of the crickets Phylloscyrtus amoenus and Cranistus colliurides are described and compared for the first time. These species are sympatric, and stridulate at the same time at day/night on shrubs and grasses surrounding a Brazilian semi-deciduous forest in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. We analyzed the dominant frequency and temporal parameters of the calling song of both species in order to clarify parameters that allow the sound to be effective in attracting conspecific mates. We found that their calling song was a continuous trill with the same dominant frequency, but temporal parameters such as pulse period, pulse rate and sound cycles per pulse were different, suggesting females could use them to find specific mates.

The Neotropical genus Xiphiola Bolivar, 1896 is revised. It includes two valid species: Xiphiola borellii Giglio-Tos, 1900 and Xiphiola cyanoptera (Gerstaecker, 1889). The genus and the species are redescribed and diagnostic characters are provided along with illustrations of each species. A lectotype and paralectoype for X. cyanoptera are here designated. We also include new morphological characters from male and female genitalia, and external characters that have not been employed until now. We present the distribution map based on material examined, as well as a key to species.

The Phylloscyrtini occurs from eastern United States to Argentina and includes 21 valid species. It is a highly neglected group of crickets and little is known about its biology and distribution. Cranistus colliurides Stål, 1861 and Phylloscyrtus amoenus (Burmeister, 1880) were recorded for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and information on calling song, stridulatory file and recognition characters were provided.

The genus Gryllus includes 82 described species that occur in America from Canada to Argentina as well as in several areas of Africa, Europe and Asia. There are 12 species in South America, which were described in the nineteenth century based on a small number of samples and inconsistent characters such as body coloration and external morphology. The aim of this article is to redescribe Gryllus argentinus Saussure, 1874 collected in the urban areas of Pelotas, Capao do Leao and Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, highlighting phallic sclerites, calling song and body morphometry. We designate the lectotype male, provide a combination of diagnostic characteristics and discuss the taxonomic situation of South American Gryllus species.

O Museu de Ciências Naturais Carlos Ritter da Universidade Federal de Pelotas- UFPel, possui um considerável acervo entomológico (insetos) em exposição permanente em seus espaços expográficos. Essa intervenção se justifica pelo valor histórico de boa arte do acervo (como as coleções referentes ao Professor Dr. Ceslau Maria Biezanko e aos mosaicos confeccionados por Carlos Ritter). Esse artigo tem por objetivo o relato dos processos e metodologias empregadas no restauro desse acervo. Os procedimentos e processos empregados nesse acervo foram baseados nos mesmos utilizados daqueles existentes em coleções entomológicas de status científico. Através de procedimentos de levantamento visual preliminar é que foram estabelecidos o nível de degradação dos elementos entomológicos (espécimes). Com base nisso uma série de intervenções de natureza mecânica e química foram empregadas visando a atualização sistemática dos exemplares (revisão taxonômica), levantamento de exemplares altamente degradados por agentes biológicos como fungos, brocas, traças, baratas, etc., emprego pontual de agentes químicos conservantes e até mesmo, a substituição por novos exemplares da mesma espécie (no caso de materiais impossíveis de restauração). Além disso, foi estabelecida uma atenção especial aos dados referenciados nas etiquetas de coleta e identificação que porventura estivessem deterioradas pela ação do tempo. Todos os alfinetes entomológicos em estado de oxidação foram substituídos por alfinetes entomológicos novos. O conjunto de procedimentos resultou em uma coleção atualizada zoologicamente e em condições de servir ao público acadêmico e leigo.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 We present a list of grasshoppers from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, a preservation area in the outskirts of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. The Ducke Reserve has been an indispensable tool for scientific development due to its considerable floristic richness. It has provided ample material for studies and research, promoting the conservation of Amazonian rainforest flora and fauna and the protection of endangered species. This checklist is intended to provide basic information on the regional grasshopper fauna, expand the current knowledge of species occurrences, and serve as a basis for systematists interested in revisionary and biogeographic work with a focus on Amazonian endemic areas. We sampled the Ducke Reserve for fifteen days using active and visual searching methods. We collected 38 species of terrestrial and semi-aquatic grasshoppers, 23 which belonged to the Acrididae and 15 to Romaleidae. Twenty four species and subspecies of grasshopper were registered for the first time for the locality and three new species and one new subspecies were recorded for Brazil. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo, 2936 Universidade Federal de Pelotas Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Ecologia Zoologia e Genética, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/n Faculdade de Presidente Prudente, Av. Presidente Prudente, 6093 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n

We provide herein a description of a new species of Oecanthus collected from the tobacco plantation in southern Brazil, municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul. Description focused metanotal gland features, phallic sclerites, and calling song. A large sampling of individuals was distributed into four groups according to body and appendages color and dotted. We also rank all kind of marks present in the scape and pedicel. We compare linear morphometric variables of the metanotal glands and tegmina, as well as calling song parameters between groups in order do define all of them as the same species. Photographs and measurements are provided.

Although male crickets provide more informative characters for the delimitation of species and genera, many taxonomic descriptions are based only on females. This is the case for Argizala Walker, 1869 and its two valid species, A. brasiliensis Walker, 1869 and A. hebardi Rehn, 1915. We provide herein a redescription of A. brasiliensis based on a male collected in the Pampa Biome, Capão do Leão municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We present photographs of epitype and male genitalia, and discuss the diagnostic features of the genus and its morphological proximity to other Pteronemobiini Nearctic genera.

Studies on the cytogenetics of Homoptera are scarce. Some references in the literature have reported a chromosome number for the genus ranging from n=5 to 19 and 2n=10 to 2n=39 chromosomes. The genus Mahanarva includes two species of agricultural importance as pests of sugar cane culture in Brazil. We report here the first data concerning the chromosome number and morphology of the species Mahanarva fimbriolata and M. posticata. The chromosome number observed for the two species was 2n=19 for males and 2n=20 for females. The sex determining mechanism of these species was of the XX/X0 type (for males and females, respectively), with chromosome X being the smallest in the complement.

In this study, we describe a new species of the genus Poecilocloeus from Renascença municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. Poecilocloeus renascensis n. sp. inhabits the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest edges of Renascença and adjacent areas, and our study is the first record of this genus from southern Brazil. The species belongs to the group bullatus (Rehn, 1908), and the descriptions are based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia. Morphological descriptions are provided together with illustrations emphasizing the most significant diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Information is given about type specimens, examined material and geographic distribution.

The current work presents the description of two Brazilian new species of the subgenus Endecous (Notendecous) Gorochov, 2014 recorded for the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. The morphology of phallic complex was used as main criterion for distinguishing the two species. Furthermore, aspects on the natural history, intraspecific variation and a pictorial key are presented considering the species known for this subgenus.

In this paper we describe a new species of Miogryllus cricket collected from the grasses at urban area of the municipality of Itaqui, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, highlighting phallic sclerites morphology, calling song parameters and chromosome complement. We also provide a new record for Miogryllus piracicabensis Piza, 1960 to the southern Brazil, improving calling song and karyotype information for this species. The type-material and vouchers are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).

The aim of this work was to extend the taxonomic knowledge of the species of Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877 that occurs in the southern municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We found three different species, Anurogryllus tapes sp. nov. collected in municipalities of Canguçu and Capão do Leão, Anurogryllus patos sp. nov. from Capão do Leão and Anurogryllus toledopizai (de Mello, 1988) recorded from Canguçu, Capão do Leão e São Lourenço do Sul. Here we present the descriptions of morphology, male genitalia and calling songs.

In this paper we describe a new species of Miogryllus cricket collected from the grasses at urban area of the municipality of Itaqui, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, highlighting phallic sclerites morphology, calling song parameters and chromosome complement. We also provide a new record for Miogryllus piracicabensis Piza, 1960 to the southern Brazil, improving calling song and karyotype information for this species. The type-material and vouchers are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).

In this study we describe two new species of cavicolous-straminicolous crickets for southern Brazil. Endecous chape n. sp. and E. naipi n. sp. are sympatric crickets that inhabit the Atlantic Semideciduous Forest of the Iguaçu National Park and adjacent areas. The descriptions were based on morphological characters, mainly from male genitalia and tegmina of adult males. Furthermore, we describe the chromosomes and the calling song of one of the new species, E. chape n. sp., presenting a discussion about the morphology of the phallic complex of Endecous and a distribution map for the species of the genus. The type-material is deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP), and in the Coleção de Insetos do Departamento de Zoologia (Zoology Department Insect Collection), Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP—Botucatu campus.

A new Neotropical genus of Ommatolampidinae belonging to the genus group Ommatolampae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 from Brazilian Atlantic Forest was described, diagnosed, and illustrated. The description was based on the external morphology, as well as genitalia and chromosomal characterization. Muriciacris n. gen. was proposed to include Muriciacris triflavovittata n. sp. (type species) described from northeastern of Brazil, state of Alagoas.