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Statistical literacy is an essential competency in today’s data-driven society. However, research in this field often overlooks primary-level students, focusing predominantly on those in higher education. To address this gap, the present study evaluated the statistical literacy of 50 fifth-grade students in Indonesia, with a focus on their abilities in data analysis and interpretation. Utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional design, the study employed a written test grounded in real-world data scenarios, adapted from established theoretical frameworks. The assessment included various data representations—pictograms, bar charts, tables, and line charts—designed to evaluate students’ skills in comprehension, comparison, and interpretation. The results indicate that the majority of students operated at an Idiosyncratic level, demonstrating limited capacity for data interpretation, while a smaller proportion reached the Transitional level; notably, no students attained Quantitative or Analytical proficiency. These findings underscore the urgent need for curriculum reforms to enhance both computational and analytical skills at an early stage, thereby equipping students with the foundational competencies required for advanced data reasoning. Future research should investigate pedagogical strategies that can bridge early-stage statistical literacy with the demands of higher-level statistical reasoning, ensuring students are better prepared for a data-intensive world. more...

Developing a scale of interpersonal communication for Muslim students in Indonesia is very important because of the unique cultural and religious context that these students live in. Effective interpersonal communication is essential to fostering a supportive educational environment, improving peer relationships, and improving students' overall well-being. Currently there are no published research findings that specifically discuss measuring interpersonal communication among Muslim students in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to develop a valid and reliable Muslim Student Interpersonal Communication Scale (MSICS). MSICS was developed based on five aspects: openness, empathy, supportiveness, positivity, and equality. Content validity was assessed by two psychometric experts, and the results were analyzed using an inter-rater agreement model. Construct validity involved 432 Muslim junior high school students in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, and the data was analyzed using the Rasch model. The results of the interrater agreement model analysis show that there is agreement between two psychometric experts regarding the acceptability of the statement items in the MSICS. Furthermore, the Rasch model analysis shows that the MSICS appears as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of interpersonal communication among Muslim students in junior high schools in Indonesia with a variance explained by measures value of 26,7% (>20%), which means good enough to describe the measured data, and the reliability value is 0,91, which means very good. The results of this research can be used by counselors or guidance and counseling teachers to use MSICS as an instrument to measure Muslim students' interpersonal communication. more...

The implementation of learning activities based on cooperative activities and mutual interaction is quite limited during the COVID-19 pandemic so that students’ concern is not well honed. The purpose of this study is to survey the condition of the social care character of elementary school students in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a survey by distributing questionnaires to elementary school students. The scale used in this study is the Guttman scale. The results showed that the social care character of elementary school students is still low and needs to be reinforced after the pandemic through cooperative learning-based activities and other social activities. Most students still often experience bullying by their friends. Therefore, there needs to be efforts from various parties to reinvigorate the social caring character of elementary school students. more...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses identifikasi peserta didik dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian survei. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 46 guru yang terdiri dari guru kelas dan guru khusus. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mereduksi data, display data, dan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 47,83 persen guru belum melakukan identifikasi awal pada peserta didik dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku, sedangkan sisanya sudah melakukan identifikasi dengan cara meminta bantuan pada hali/lembaga yang menyediakan layanan identifikasi, melalui observasi dan wawancara, serta menggunakan pendekatan functional behavior assessment (FBA). Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan akan ada instrumen yang bisa digunakan oleh guru untuk membantu mengidentifikasi peserta didik dengan gangguan emosi dan perilaku. more...

This study aims to examine bullying tendencies among students in Indonesia. A sample of 689 male and female students was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the Bullying Behavior Tendency Scale (BBTS), which consisted of 45 questions using a Likert scale, and were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the bullying tendencies were in a low category. However, it was discovered that 32.08, 4.06, and 0.87% of students were in the moderate, high, and very high categories, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that there are significant differences in bullying behavior between male and female students. These results provide a basis for understanding the role of school counseling services in reducing bullying behavior which is prevalent and can cause trauma. Therefore, it is essential to implement preventive programs to address the tendencies of some students engaging in this act at school. more...

Metaverse—an incredible medium that combines features of virtual reality platforms such as online games, social media, and the Internet—is predicted to bring significant changes to human behavior. It is believed that social interaction and the quality of mental health can be at risk once Metaverse becomes more prevalent with adolescents predicted to be the most vulnerable group. This study intends to prove this prediction by examining the effect of online game addiction and social media addiction on the mental health quality of adolescents as the majority group with Metaverse access. This correlational study involved 700 students from 14 schools in the greater Malang area. Data were collected through the Metaverse Impact Instrument (MII) and analyzed partially using the T-test and simultaneously using the F-test to know the contribution of gender using an independent sample T-test. Previously, the assumptions of multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity assumption were also tested. The results indicate that online games and social media negatively affect mental health at a rate of 31.5%. These results provide empirical evidence for theoretical predictions regarding the impact of Metaverse on mental health quality in adolescents. As a follow-up, research is needed to develop educational intervention strategies, appropriate guidance, and counseling services that purpose is to: 1) integrate cultural and religious values into character education; 2) anticipate the potential risks of metaverse among adolescents. more...

Coping or problem-solving skills need to be trained from an early age. If the child does not have positive coping skills, it is feared that it can cause the child to become maladaptive and stressed. This research aims to test the validity of the learning media for coping skills to manage negative emotions for children aged 4-6. The learning media guidebooks and supporting products, such as posters, emoticon pictures for jumping activities, pictures of emotional expressions, story books, cartoon films, and children's activity sheets. This learning media has a novelty because it focuses on developing media based on children's coping skills that did not exist before. This research is quantitative. This research conducted expert validation to obtain validation and then analyzed quantitatively descriptively. The researcher calculated the validation results with Aiken's V formula. Based on the assessment results from experts, it can be concluded that the learning media for coping skills to manage negative emotions for children aged 4-6 years is declared valid. All items are considered valid because Vtable is 5% greater than Vcount. Guidebooks and supporting products for coping skills to manage children's negative emotions were declared valid and worthy of use for field trials more...

Abstract: This study aims to develop a career exploration instrument based on Anne Roe’s classification to help junior high school students explore their career options. The development method uses the Syaiffudin Azwar instrument development model with 8 stages, namely the identification of measuring objectives; measuring domain restrictions; operationalization of aspects; writing and reviewing items; language test; field tests; item selection and; final compilation. The field test was carried out on 306 junior high school students in the Godean area, Yogyakarta. The results of the CFA test show that all instrument items that make up the 8 career groups obtained fit results based on the p-value indicators of 0.257, RMSEA 0.15, GFI 0.87, AGFI 0.86, and CFI 1.00. CFASO test results obtained p-value 0.257 greater than 0.05 and RMSEA value 0.015 less than 0.05. In addition, the results of multidimensional reliability testing showed a score of 0.87 greater than 0.70. These findings indicate a valid and reliable instrument to help explore the careers of junior high school students. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen eksplorasi karier berdasarkan klasifikasi Anne Roe guna membantu siswa sekolah menengah pertama mengeksplorasi pilihan kariernya. Metode pengembangan menggunakan model pengembangan instrumen Syaiffudin Azwar dengan delapan tahapan yakni: identifikasi tujuan ukur; pembatasan domain ukur; operasionalisasi aspek; penulisan dan review butir; uji coba bahasa; field test; seleksi butir; dan kompilasi final. Field test dilaksanakan terhadap 306 siswa sekolah menengah pertama di wilayah Godean, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Hasil pengujian CFA menunjukkan seluruh butir instrumen yang membentuk delapan kelompok karier memperoleh hasil fit berdasarkan indikator p-value 0.257, RMSEA 0.15, GFI 0.87, AGFI 0.86, dan CFI 1.00. Pengujian CFASO menunjukkan p-value 0.257 lebih besar dari 0.05 dan nilai RMSEA 0.015 kurang dari 0.05. Selain itu, hasil pengujian reliabilitas multidimensional menunjukkan skor 0.87 lebih besar dari 0.70. Temuan ini menunjukkan instrumen valid dan reliabel untuk membantu eksplorasi karier siswa sekolah menengah pertama. more...

This research aimed at utilizing artificial intelligence in STEM-based creative learning in the society 5.0 era. The researchers investigated how an educator can utilize artificial intelligence and optimize it into a STEM-based learning process. STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math. The United States initiated it to combine the four disciplines integrated into a problem-based learning method and everyday contextual events. Artificial intelligence is an intelligence added to a system managed in a scientific context. Artificial intelligence is created and put into a machine (computer) to do work like humans. Several fields that use artificial intelligence include expert systems, computer games (games), fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, and robotics. The researchers employed the literature review or library research by reviewing the results of various studies and collecting data from assorted references and sources. In conclusion, implementing artificial intelligence in STEM-based creative learning can be an alternative for an educator in the learning process. Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to help educators in the creative learning process by implementing long-life education and showing behavioral changes in a better direction cognitively, affectively, and psychometrically, especially in the era of society 5.0. more...

Negative emotions remains common among some kindergarteners in general since it may impact their anxiety and stress. This study aimed to describe various elicitors for negative emotions among young children, their coping strategies, and the parents’ response to them in the gender perspective. The data were collected through questionnaires containing statements about coping strategies of their children developed using the Lazarus and Folkman theories and findings by Chalmers, Frydenberg, and Deans. The study involved 102 parents of children aged 4-6 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings show that elicitors for negative emotions among boys are dominated by physical bullying by peers, while in girls, they are dominated by unfulfilled wishes. Meanwhile, coping uses among boys are dominated by assertive behavior, while in girls, they share their concerns with others. Regarding the response in dealing with children’s negative emotions, the parents give them a gadget, such as smartphone, for both boys and girls. The study implies that more educational parenting model is needed to educate parents in handling negative emotions through coping skills and indiscriminating behavior. more...

The development of technology and education is a set of two inseparable things. In education, technology affects both the learning process and the interaction between teacher and students. This condition poses a challenge for teachers, students, and schools to prepare innovative and exciting learning strategies so that the learning process runs optimally. This research aims to develop mobile learning as a learning medium in education. The research uses Research and Development Method with the ADDIE development model. The data collection method utilizes Social-Emotional in Learning Questionnaire previously tested for its validity and reliability to 30 students in Tangerang, Indonesia. The data analysis technique used is Pearson product-moment in quantitative approach. The results of this study reveal that there are 20 valid items of the SEL Questionnaire in addition to a model of mobile learning to equip decision making skill as one of the Social-Emotional skills needed in the 4.0 industrial revolutions. The model consists of 4 parts: pretest form, contents about decision-making skill, case study, and evaluation form. This research provides an alternative approach based on technology to enhance students' decision-making abilities in guidance and counselling services. more...

This research aims to describe the utilization of number line media through peer teaching methods in student learning with hearing impairments. This study used an action research design with research participants of class III SLB B Karnnamanohara Yogyakarta. The data collection techniques used in this study were participative observation, field notes, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used data triangulation techniques. The results showed that (1) Teachers and students could be assisted in the learning process using number line media through the peer teaching method. (2) The peer teaching method combined with number line media helps to establish interactions between teachers and students in the learning process. (3) Student learning outcomes in Mathematics can achieve KKM scores after using number line media through the peer teaching method. more...

The aim in this research article is to test the effect of the problem based learning model on the creative thinking abilities of fourth grade elementary school students. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach to the type of experimental research. The sample used in this study was fourth grade students at Kateguhan 02 Elementary School and 02 Corner Elementary School. The instrument used was a test inventory. The results obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA using SPSS program assistance. The results obtained in this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence on the Problem Based Learning model on the creative thinking of fourth grade elementary school students. Test results using one way ANOVA showed an F-value of 55,329 and p 0,000 more...

Kegiatan pembelajaran dengan model numbered head together (NHT) dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan aspek kognitif dalam pembelajaran PKn. Aspek ini dapat dikembangkan dengan menanamkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Model NHT merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang mengutamakan antusias siswa dalam mencari, mengolah, dan mempresentasikan hasil informasi yang telah diperoleh di depan kelas berdasarkan nomor yang diperoleh oleh masing-masing siswa. Langkah pembelajaran model NHT diantaranya: 1) siswa dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok kecil, 2) setiap siswa mendapatkan nomor yang berbeda, 3) guru memberi tugas pada masing-masing kelompok, 4) siswa diminta menyelesaikan dan mendiskusikan jawaban bersama kelompok masing-masing, 5) guru memanggil salah satu nomor, kemudian siswa yang memperoleh nomor keluar dari kelompoknya dan menjelaskan tugas yang telah dikerjakan di depan kelas, 5) kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan giliran memberikan tanggapan dan masukkan kepada kelompok yang maju, 6) siswa bersama guru menyimpulkan hasil pekerjaan mereka. This learning activity carried out to reveal the cognitive aspects of learning civics. This aspect can be developed by teaching students’ critical thinking skills. The NHT is a learning model that prioritizes students’ enthusiasm in searching, processing, and presenting the results of information that has obtain in front of the class based on the numbers obtained by each student. The learning step of the NHT model are as follows: 1) students are divided into small groups, 2) each student gets a different number, 3) teacher give an assignment to each group, 4) students ask to complete and discuss answers with the group respectively, 5) the teacher calls one of the numbers, then the students who gets the teaching comes out of the group and explains the assignment that has been done in front of the class, 6) student and teacher summarizes the results of their work together. more...

Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of individual counseling results at Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Senior High School. Evaluation model used was gap (discrepancy evaluation model). In addition, population in this research was students who had attended individual counseling. Furthermore, research samples were 104 students, obtained by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data collection used was individual counseling scale. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings indicated that the majority of individual counseling results was in good criteria. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hasil pelaksanaan layanan konseling individual di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. Model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah kesenjangan (discrepancy evaluation model). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang pernah mengikuti layanan konseling individual. Teknik proportionate stratified random sampling digunakan untuk memilih sampel penelitian. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan skala hasil layanan konseling individual. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas hasil layanan konseling individual masuk pada kriteria baik more...

Abstract: Adolescence is a crucial phase of life where individuals need to choose a particular career. In choosing a career, many individuals experience problems. This study aims to: (1) create an interactive multimedia product containing career information to improve vocational high school students’ career maturity; (2) reveal the quality of interactive multimedia containing career information in improving vocational high school students’ career; and (3) understand the effectiveness of interactive multimedia containing career information in improving vocational high school students’ career maturity. This research development referred to Borg & Gall’s development research. In the feasibility stage, data collection was conducted by distributing multimedia feasibility test questionnaires to media experts and material experts; assessment questionnaires to students; and career maturity scale. Results indicated that the use of interactive multimedia containing career information effectively increased vocational high school students’ career maturity. Abstrak: Masa remaja merupakan fase kehidupan yang sangat penting dimana individu perlu menetapkan pilihannya pada suatu karier tertentu. Dalam memilih karier, banyak individu mengalami permasalahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan sebuah produk multimedia interaktif yang berisi informasi karier untuk meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK); (2) mengungkap kualitas kelayakan multimedia interaktif yang berisi informasi karier untuk meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa SMK; dan (3) mengetahui keefektifan multimedia interaktif yang berisi informasi karier untuk meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa SMK. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah penelitian pengembangan Borg & Gall. Pada tahap uji kelayakan, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebar angket uji kelayakan multimedia kepada ahli media; ahli materi; dan angket penilaian untuk siswa serta skala kematangan karier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan multimedia interaktif informasi karier efektif meningkatkan kematangan karier siswa SMK. more...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of blended-based counseling services to reduce anxiety in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The important role of counselors in the formation of mental health through integrated counseling the implementation of face-to-face and online counseling allows the community to be more flexible and intensive according to conditions in coaching mental health during COVID-19 pandemic conditions and post-COVID-19 preparations.. more...

Abstract:Entrepreneurship learning is a process that equips students in developing their soul, attitude, and carefulness in seeing opportunities and organizing the sustainability of a business. This study set out to investigate the effect of e-marketing towards the understanding of marketing in entrepreneurship learning of senior high school students with mild intellectual disability through e-marketing. A quantitative approach with one group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. A total of 24 students with mild intellectual disability from three schools in Magelang and Temanggung Regency participated in this study. A purposive sampling was applied in selecting these senior high school students. The data in this study were collected through a test. Anon-parametric statistical analysis technique, i.e. Wilcoxon sign rank test, was used to analyze the data. Based on data analysis performed, the calculated Z value is -4.115 with Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 at significant (α) 0.05 level. The results indicated that the students mean score after the treatment was significantly higher than their average score before the treatment. It is then concluded that the application of e-marketing has an effect in improving the understanding of marketing in entrepreneurship learning of senior high school students of with mild mental disability. Keyword:e-marketing, entrepreneurship learning, intellectual disability PENERAPAN E-MARKETING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN SISWA TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN TINGKAT SMA Abstrak: Pembelajaran kewirausahaan merupakan pembelajaran yang membekali siswa dalam mengembangkan jiwa, sikap, kejelian dalam melihat peluang dan pengorganiasasian dalam keberlangsungan suatu usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh e-marketing terhadap pemahaman pemasaran dalam pembelajaran kewirausahaan siswa tunagrahita ringan tingkat SMA melalui e-marketing.Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 24 siswa tunagrahita ringan dari tiga sekolah di tiga kota yang berbeda yakni Magelang, and Temanggung. Sampel diambil secara purposif, yaitu siswa yang berada di tingkat SMA.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes.Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis statistic nonparametric Wilcoxon sign rank test. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan, diperoleh nilai Z adalah -4,115 dengan Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) 0,000 pada taraf signifikan (α) 0,05. Hasil dari penelitian menyatakan bahwa nilai rata-rata sesudah diberikan perlakuan lebih tinggi secara signifikan daripada hasil nilai rata-rata sebelum diberikan perlakuan.Hal itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan e-marketing berpengaruh meningkatkan pemahaman pemasaran dalam pembelajaran kewirausahaan siswa tunagrahita ringan tingkat SMA. Kata kunci: e-marketing,pembelajarankewirausahaan, tunagrahita more...

This research analyzes the educational philosophy of progressivism and humanism in Tetsuko Kuroyanagi's Totto-Chan Novel and its relevance to the Independent Curriculum in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative content analysis to reveal the progressive and humanistic educational philosophy in Totto-Chan and its relevance to the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia. The research involves reading the novel, extracting relevant texts, categorizing them by topics, and analyzing the relationship between these philosophies and the curriculum then the findings, detailed in a comprehensive manner, highlight indicators of progressive and humanistic educational philosophies. This research aims to identify parallels between the Merdeka Curriculum and progressivism and humanism in the Totto-Chan novel to assess the suitability and potential integration of educational philosophies. The result showed that Tetsuko Kuroyanagi's Totto-Chan novel intensely reveals the progressive and humanistic educational philosophy at Tomoe Gakuen. The school prioritizes independent learning goals, equality, justice, self-reflection, environmental connection, and shared decision-making. Principal Mr. Kobayashi educate students' independence based on interests and talents. This aligns with the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia, which emphasized meaningful learning design for students' independence, equality, self-reflection, environmental connection, and democratic learning principles through the concept of Merdeka Belajar in the learning process. This implication can serve as a practical learning idea for educators, fostering harmony in educational philosophy and enhancing the implementation of the recently introduced Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia. more...

Abstrak: Berwirausaha adalah salah satu alternatif masa depan bagi para penyandang kebutuhan khusus, tetapi belum banyak yang menekuninya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan ABK untuk berwirausaha. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei terhadap 37 siswa berkebutuhan khusus yang terdiri atas 19 laki-laki dan 18 perempuan dari 4 SLB di Yogyakarta. Sampel diambil secara purposif, yaitu mereka yang sudah berada di kelas lanjutan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuestioner, wawancara, dan skala eksplorasi karier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 27 orang belum mantap untuk berwirausaha dan 10 sudah mantap. Eksplorasi karier dan intensitas untuk berwirausaha termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Hambatan terbesar yang dirasakan siswa berkebutuhan khusus ada tiga hal, yaitu kurangnya informasi mengenai lapangan kerja, tidak bisa mengambil keputusan, dan tidak mengenali kemampuan diri. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa berkebutuhan khusus sangat membutuhkan berbagai bantuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan minat berwirausaha. Kata Kunci: anak berkebutuhan khusus, kebutuhan berwirausaha ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS Abstract: Entrepreneurship is one of the possibilities people with special needs can consider for their future, but not many of them have done it. This study aims to identify the needs of students with special needs for entrepreneurship. The study was conducted through a survey to 37 students with special needs, 19 males and 18 females from four SLBs in Yogyakarta. Students of advanced classeswere selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and career exploration scale. The results show that 27 students are not ready and 10 students are ready for doing entrepreneurship. Career exploration and intensity for entrepreneurship can be categorized medium. The biggest obstacles experienced by students with special needs are lack of information about employment, inability in decision making, and inability in self-identification. The results of this study show that students with special needs need various helps for improving their motivation and interest in entrepreneurship. more...

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan perilaku yang banyak ditemukan di SLB E, mengetahui kebutuhan guru terkait penanganan permasalahan perilaku, dan mengembangkan model modifikasi perilaku terintegrasi pembelajaran untuk anak gangguan perilaku. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan research and development dengan subjek penelitian siswa dan guru SLB-E Bina Putera Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seperti berikut. (1) Perilaku bermasalah yang banyak ditemukan adalah bermasalah internal dan eksternal dengan latar belakang menghindar (escape) pembelajaran. (2) Kebutuhan guru dalam penanganan permasalahan perilaku berupa pengetahuan dan keterampilan asesmen perilaku dalam pembelajaran, merancang Program Pembelajaran Individual (PPI) sesuai dengan karakteristik individual siswa dengan memasukkan unsur pengelolaan perilaku bermasalah dalam skenario pembelajaran, dan teknik-teknik modifikasi perilaku yang integratif dengan pembelajaran. (3) Model modifikasi perilaku terintegrasi pembelajaran dimulai menemukan latar belakang perilaku bermasalah, modifikasi perilaku diawali dengan asesmen mendalam mengenai antecedent dan consequence dari perilaku, dan menerapkan perbaikan perilaku sesuai jenis dan latar belakang perilaku bermasalah. Kata Kunci : masalah perilaku, model modifikasi terintegrasi more...

Perkembangan karier individu dimulai sejak masa kanak-kanak. Perkembangan tersebut sejalan dengan perkembangan dirinya. Penguasaan tugas perkembangan merupakan salah satu realisasi perkembangan kariernya. Demikian juga halnya dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Mereka lebih banyak membutuhkan waktu, stimulasi yang konkret, mempertimbangkan tingkat kekhususan dan problem yang dihadapinya dalam setiap periode perkembangan kariernya.Eksplorasi kaier merupakan upaya individu untuk lebih memahami diri dan lingkungan karier serta upaya mempertemukan antara kelebihan yang ia miliki dan kesempatan karier yang ada. Eksplorasi karier terjadi setiap jenjang perkembangan karier, dengan tujuan untuk mengenal diri dan lingkungannya, sehingga ia dapat memperoleh penyesuaian karier yang optimal. Dengan eksplorasi karier yang lengkap diharapkan mereka dapat mencapai perkembangan karier yang optimal sesuai dengan kekhususannya.Beberapa upaya meningkatan eksplorasi karier yang sesuai untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus adalah melalui curriculum infusion, magang khususnya lewat shelter workshop, experiential learning. Berbagai upaya tersebut sangat bergantung pada tingkat kekhususannya, motivasi, dan keterbukaan mitra magang. Bila ketiga hal tersebut diperhatikan eksplorasi karier mereka akan memperoleh hasil yang optimal. more...

Eksplorasi karier merupakan upaya untuk memahami karakteristik diri individu dan karakteristik lingkungan karier dalam berbagai setting karier dan budaya di mana karier berada. Tujuan dari eksplorasi karier bagi anak usia SLTP tidak lain adalah untuk memilah dan memilih berbagai informasi tentang diri dan lingkungannya sehingga anak dapat menentukan pilihan yang tepat sesuai dengan karakteritik dirinya yang pada gilirannya ia akan mencapai kemandirian. Dalam eksplorasi karier anak berhadapan dengan berbagai lingkungan karier yang berbeda baik dalam karakteristik maupun jenisnya, sehingga diperlukan kecerdasan emosional disamping kecerdasan kognitif agar anak dapat membangkitkan motivasinya, mengelola emosinya untuk lebih cerdas dalam memilih dan memakai informasi dalam membuat keputusan karier utamanya dalam kelanjutan studi di sekolah menengah atas (SMA). Peran kecerdasan emosional dalam eksplorasi karier berhubungan dengan wilayah kecerdasan emosional, yaitu dalam mengenali emosi diri, mengelola emosi, memotivasi diri, mengenali emosi orang lain (empati), dan membina hubungan dengan orang lain.Kata kunci: kecerdasan emosional, eksplorasi karier. more...

Pre-service teachers need to develop strong self-beliefs about their ability to promote student learning. This study employed a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey method to examine pre-service primary school teachers' self-efficacy for teaching social studies and differences based on high school educational background and teaching experience. The participants were 60 undergraduate students in an Elementary School Teacher Education Program. The research instrument was a combination of self-composed statements and statements adapted from the "Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale" and the "Social Studies Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale." Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and an independent sample t-test. The findings indicated that pre-service primary school teachers have a high level of self-efficacy, especially in the social studies learning dimension. It was found that a high school educational background made a significant difference in self-efficacy in teaching social studies in inquiry learning. However, there was no statistically significant difference in self-efficacy based on teaching experience. more...