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The present study provides new insight into the key aspects of the early formative period of the ecosystem concept in aquatic ecology. Raymond Lindeman's trophodynamics is known to be a starting point for the development of the modern concept of ecosystem. The trophodynamic approach in ecology was proposed by Lindeman in his widely cited paper of 1942. Lindeman's views are analyzed in comparison with the contemporary production studies in aquatic ecology. It is shown that a similar theoretical system has been proposed in the USSR at the end of the 1930s by Georgiy G. Vinberg. He introduced the concept of biotic balance based on the wide appraisal of the dark and light bottles method. The study shows that both Lindeman's trophodynamics and Vinberg's concept of biotic balance relied on an energy-based approach in considering the wholeness of a water body. The two scientists, however, differed in several important aspects concerning the interpretation of the role of living organisms. The holistic interpretation of ecosystem by Lindeman and Vinberg can be seen as part of the dilemma between physicalism and organicism. At the same time, the main emphasis in the concepts of both Vinberg and Lindemann was on the primary production component, a feature that was common to the first holistic systems in production hydrobiology (e.g., E. Naumann's regional limnology). It is clear that modern problems of aquatic ecology should be addressed from the perspective of the organismocentric understanding of the ecosystem, but undoubtedly at the new level of development of this view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, irrigation using groundwater has increased significantly. It has significant effects on local to regional climates as well as terrestrial energy fluxes, food production, and water availability. High cost of metering equipment installation as well as maintenance, privacy concerns, and existence of unregistered or illegal wells make it difficult to monitor irrigation water use on a large scale. This study suggests a unique approach to DL-based feature extraction and categorization for ecosystem-based water management in agricultural fields. Agriculture field water analysis data were used as the input in this instance, which was subsequently processed for noise removal, smoothing, and normalisation. Particle swarm-based convolutional architecture has been used to extract the processed data feature. Back regressive propagation based on incentive Q-learning is used to classify the extracted features. Experimental analysis has been carried out in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-1 score, RMSE and mAPE. Proposed technique obtained accuracy of 92%, precision of 78%, recall of 83%, F_1 score of 76%, RMSE of 55% and MAPE of 57%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem response to climate change is complex. In order to forecast ecosystem dynamics, we need high-quality data on changes in past species abundance that can inform process-based models. Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) has revolutionised our ability to document past ecosystems' dynamics. It provides time series of increased taxonomic resolution compared to microfossils (pollen, spores), and can often give species-level information, especially for past vascular plant and mammal abundances. Time series are much richer in information than contemporary spatial distribution information, which have been traditionally used to train models for predicting biodiversity and ecosystem responses to climate change. Here, we outline the potential contribution of sedaDNA to forecast ecosystem changes. We showcase how species-level time series may allow quantification of the effect of biotic interactions in ecosystem dynamics, and be used to estimate dispersal rates when a dense network of sites is available. By combining palaeo-time series, process-based models, and inverse modelling, we can recover the biotic and abiotic processes underlying ecosystem dynamics, which are traditionally very challenging to characterise. Dynamic models informed by sedaDNA can further be used to extrapolate beyond current dynamics and provide robust forecasts of ecosystem responses to future climate change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are facing devastating effects of the climate emergency and systemic environmental breakdown. These impact on mental health and wellbeing. Family therapy has only marginally engaged with these crises and the relationship between people and ecosystem. This Delphi survey identifies key elements to include in family therapy training to attend to the ecosystem and the climate and ecological emergencies. Participants generated ninety‐six statements that were clustered into six overarching ‘topic areas’ (theories, orientations, schools, integrations/transformations, methods, and techniques). There were sixty‐six statements agreed at a high level of consensus and seventeen with a moderate level of consensus, while there was no consensus over the remaining thirteen items. All participants opted to suggest references, which form a reading list to accompany these ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands are catchment life support systems with diverse ecological and socio-economic functions. They have played a significant role in the growth of African human civilisations and cultural development, and today contribute billions of US dollars' worth of ecosystem services to the people of Ethiopia. Ethiopia exhibits both natural and man-made wetland types that cover up to 2% of its land surface. They are, however, under threat from excessive pressures that are both ecologically and socially driven. The objective of this study was to analyse the state of ecosystem services provision of the Ethiopian wetlands, with a novel application of Ostrom's Socio-ecological Systems Framework (SESF), taking Boyo Wetland as a case study. Household surveys, focus group discussions and stakeholder analysis methods were applied to satisfy the data needs of SESF. Insufficient knowledge of actors on wetland ecosystem services, weak governance and limited self-organisation among actors are highlighted as the major reasons contributing to the unsustainable use of wetlands. When the use of Boyo Wetland's ecosystem services was evaluated using the SESF, it was evident that unsustainable resource use practices are widespread. These findings could be used to inform national policy on wetlands and local strategies for the sustainable use of wetland resources by direct or indirect users at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of digital and technological modernization of the oil and gas industry within the framework of the state program "Digital Economy 2017–2024" during the implementation of the measures proposed by research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the basis of the comprehensive scientific and technical program of the full innovation cycle, as well as the potential of exploratory and applied research to prepare a new state program "Data Economy" for the period up to the year 2030, are examined. The measures are a set of interrelated scientific, technical, and digital solutions and innovative technologies that ensures the achievement of goals and has been developed with the leading participation of the Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Trofimuk Institute of Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, program "Digital and Technological Modernization of the World's Largest Oil and Gas Production Center in West Siberia." The main goal of the scientific research for the oil and gas economy of big geodata is the creation and implementation of digital modeling technologies; the development of ecosystems, computing platforms, and digital twins of oil and gas assets; and the transportation of hydrocarbons to existing and newly created petrochemical clusters in order to develop the domestic market for their complete processing into products with high added value and to strengthen the digital leadership of the Russian energy companies. The lack of high-performance computing systems is a key factor hindering the innovative development of the Russian oil and gas complex. The main oil and gas tasks that require the involvement of supercomputers with peta- and exaflop performance levels (1015 and 1018 floating point operations per second, respectively) include the tasks of managing the "digital ecosystem" of the World's largest oil and gas production center in West Siberia and unique oil and gas fields in real time. The development of the digital ecosystem is proposed to be formed on the basis of platform solutions and comprehensive scientific and technical programs and projects of a full innovation cycle. The main problems in the sphere of creating the digital energy economy of big data have been identified: an acute shortage of personnel with digital competencies in the field of oil and gas production and specialists in opticalization, multisensorization, supercomputing, cybersecurity, and petrorobotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Nations' decade on ecosystem restoration, humans are joining forces to develop innovative strategies to rebuild marine life. The use of aquaculture to restore or preserve aquatic habitats is emerging, with promising solutions for the restoration of endangered shellfish reefs. Here, we highlight some of the challenges and opportunities for positive aquaculture–restoration interactions and present a perspective on the systematic cultivation of shellfish reefs. We draw on historical oyster aquaculture practices, such as bottom farming, to argue that shellfish reef aquaculture may be a path to accelerate ecosystem recovery and persistence in the face of a changing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mortality of Nothofagus trees in native forests in Chile has been observed for more than 30 years. Phytophthora pseudosyringae was identified as the causal agent of partial defoliation and bleeding cankers on Nothofagus obliqua and N. alpina. Nevertheless, to improve the conservation of natural resources it is crucial to determine potential native hosts that may act as inoculum reservoirs. Two N. obliqua stands were visited and all native plant species with symptoms resembling those caused by Phytophthora spp. were examined. Seven isolates from cortical and foliar tissues were isolated and subsequentially identified as P. pseudosyringae. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on eight species from a native forest. P. pseudosyringae caused cankers in N. obliqua, N. dombeyi and Persea lingue. Under natural conditions, no symptoms were detected on leaves of Cryptocarya alba, N. dombeyi, N. obliqua or Peumus boldus, but lesions were formed in inoculation assays under a controlled environment, suggesting that these species may act as hosts. Leaf necrosis in P. lingue was observed in both natural and controlled conditions. P. pseudosyringae can sporulate on lesions of C. alba, N. dombeyi and N. obliqua leaves. In Sophora macrocarpa, sporulation was observed both on asymptomatic tissues and on lesions. The frequent association of S. macrocarpa in the understorey of Nothofagus spp. strengthens the putative role of S. macrocarpa as an inoculum reservoir for epidemic events in Nothofagus. This is the first study carried out in the Southern Hemisphere on the life cycle of P. pseudosyringae in native Nothofagus forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIndustrial expansion and inadequate environmental safety measures are major contributors to environmental contamination, with heavy metals (HMs) and pharmaceutical waste playing crucial roles. Their negative effects are most noticeable in aquatic species and vegetation, where they accumulate in tissues and cause harmful results. Interactions between HMs and pharmaceutical molecules result in the production of metal-drug complexes (MDCs), which have the potential to disturb diverse ecosystems and their interdependence. However, present studies frequently focus on individual pollutants and their effects on specific environmental parameters, leaving out the cumulative effects of pollutants and their processes across several environmental domains. To address this gap, this review emphasizes the environmental sources of HMs, elucidates their emission pathways during anthropogenic activities, investigates the interactions between HMs and pharmaceutical substances, and defines the mechanisms underlying the formation of MDCs across various ecosystems. Furthermore, this review underscores the simultaneous occurrence of HMs and pharmaceutical waste across diverse ecosystems, including the atmosphere, soil, and water resources, and their incorporation into biotic organisms across trophic levels. It is important to note that these complex compounds represent a higher risk than individual contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is altering the distribution and abundance of marine species, especially in Arctic and sub‐Arctic regions. In the eastern Bering Sea, home of the world's largest run of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), juvenile sockeye salmon abundance has increased and their migration path shifted north with warming, 2002–2018. The reasons for these changes are poorly understood. For these sockeye salmon, we quantify environmental and biological covariate effects within spatio‐temporal species distribution models. Spatio‐temporally, with respect to juvenile sockeye salmon densities: (1) sea surface temperature had a nonlinear effect, (2) large copepod, Calanus, a minor prey item, had no effect, (3) age‐0 pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), a major prey item during warm years, had a positive linear effect, and (4) juvenile pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) had a positive linear effect. Temporally, annual biomass of juvenile sockeye salmon was nonlinearly related to sea temperature and positively related to age‐0 pollock and juvenile pink salmon abundance. Results indicate that sockeye salmon distributed with and increased in abundance with increases in prey, and reached a threshold for optimal temperatures in the eastern Bering Sea. Changes in population dynamics and distribution of sockeye salmon in response to environmental variability have potential implications for projecting specific future food securities and management of fisheries in Arctic waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to design and build a pilot home according to the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs). The research methodology is a nature‐oriented housing policy to promote renewable energy consumption in homes for cleaner environments. This study analyzes the structural elements of traditional homes in the eastern south of Iran. This study examines the UN SDGs in planning and designing the model to find the advantages of nature‐oriented constructions compared to the current harmful development projects damaging nature, environments, ecosystems, and the earth. The building model presented in this paper is in harmony with the UN SDGs. The model provides an architectural and planning procedure to prevent the earth from damaging fossil consumption‐built environments in the world. Calculations show that the housing pilot model saves USD 3600 in energy consumption per household on average. The outcomes of this study prove the hypothesis that the use of renewable energy in homes is beneficial economically and environmentally. This study implicates housing policies in shifting planning and design methods toward UN SDGs. Policies are applicable globally in the housing programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using land use type data from four periods of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 in the Bijie experimental area, the changes of different land use types in the experimental area over the past 30 years were studied. The InVEST model was used to estimate the carbon storage of different ecosystems in the experimental area, and the temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem carbon storage under the background of significant success in ecological construction were analyzed. The results showed that from 1990 to 2020, there were significant changes in land use types in the Bijie City, with an increase in the area of forest land and construction land, a decrease in the area of cultivated land and grassland, and the main conversion of cultivated land to forest land, grassland and construction land, while the main conversion of grassland to cultivated land and forest land. The total carbon storage of the ecosystem in Bijie City from 1990 to 2020 was 51.21×107-52.37×107t, the total carbon storage increased by 1.16×107t, with an average annual increase of 0. 04×107t. The carbon storage in Bijie City showed a spatial distribution trend of high in the west and low in the east. From 1990 to 2020, the carbon storage of forest land and construction land increased, while the carbon storage of cultivated land and grassland decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platforms competition affects both the structure of the whole industry and the fate of the individual companies within it. The extant studies either simply divide the participants of a platforms war into suppliers and consumers or adopt unbounded rationality assumptions. This paper constructs a game model that includes platforms, suppliers, and the final consumers. We analyze the condition and stability of each equilibrium and the impacts of the characteristics of the core and complementary products on the equilibrium by using the method of evolutionary game. Our results show the following: (1) If the two platforms initially have separate advantages in terms of the number of suppliers or consumers, there will be an equilibrium of the coexistence; otherwise, there will be an equilibrium of single platform dominating. (2) The equilibrium of a single platform dominating is more stable than that of the coexistence of multiple platforms. (3) Incidental shocks to the number of suppliers are more likely to break the coexistence equilibrium than consumers. (4) Platforms with poor core product quality and a high price for core and complementary products can coexist with other superior platforms only if the former has more consumers and suppliers at the beginning of the competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is altering the distribution and abundance of marine species, especially in Arctic and sub‐Arctic regions. In the eastern Bering Sea, home of the world's largest run of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), juvenile sockeye salmon abundance has increased and their migration path shifted north with warming, 2002–2018. The reasons for these changes are poorly understood. For these sockeye salmon, we quantify environmental and biological covariate effects within spatio‐temporal species distribution models. Spatio‐temporally, with respect to juvenile sockeye salmon densities: (1) sea surface temperature had a nonlinear effect, (2) large copepod, Calanus, a minor prey item, had no effect, (3) age‐0 pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), a major prey item during warm years, had a positive linear effect, and (4) juvenile pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) had a positive linear effect. Temporally, annual biomass of juvenile sockeye salmon was nonlinearly related to sea temperature and positively related to age‐0 pollock and juvenile pink salmon abundance. Results indicate that sockeye salmon distributed with and increased in abundance with increases in prey, and reached a threshold for optimal temperatures in the eastern Bering Sea. Changes in population dynamics and distribution of sockeye salmon in response to environmental variability have potential implications for projecting specific future food securities and management of fisheries in Arctic waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the term "ecosystem" has garnered substantial attention in scholarly and managerial discourse, featuring prominently in academic and applied contexts. While individual scholars have made significant contributions to the study of various types of ecosystem, there appears to be a research gap marked by a lack of comprehensive synthesis and refinement of findings across diverse ecosystems. This paper systematically addresses this gap through a hybrid methodology, employing bibliometric and content analyses to systematically review the literature from 1993 to 2023. The primary research aim is to critically examine theoretical studies on different ecosystem types, specifically focusing on business, innovation, and platform ecosystems. The methodology of this study involves a content review of the identified literature, combining quantitative bibliometric analyses to differentiate patterns and content analysis for in-depth exploration. The core findings center on refining and summarizing the definitions of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems, shedding light on both commonalities and distinctions. Notably, the research unveils shared characteristics such as openness and diversity across these ecosystems while highlighting significant differences in terms of participants and objectives. Furthermore, the paper delves into the interconnections within these three ecosystem types, offering insights into their dynamics and paving the way for discussions on future research directions. This comprehensive examination not only advances our understanding of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems but also lays the groundwork for future scholarly inquiries in this dynamic and evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressing demand for novel compounds to address contemporary health challenges has prompted researchers to venture into uncharted territory, including extreme ecosystems, in search of new natural pharmaceuticals. Fungi capable of tolerating extreme conditions, known as extremophilic fungi, have garnered attention for their ability to produce unique secondary metabolites crucial for defense and communication, some of which exhibit promising clinical significance. Among these, halophilic fungi thriving in high-salinity environments have particularly piqued interest for their production of bioactive molecules. This review highlights the recent discoveries regarding novel compounds from halotolerant fungal strains isolated from various saline habitats. From diverse fungal species including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Myrothecium, and Cladosporium, a plethora of intriguing molecules have been elucidated, showcasing diverse chemical structures and bioactivity. These compounds exhibit cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines such as A549, HL60, and K-562, antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans, as well as radical-scavenging properties. Notable examples include variecolorins, sclerotides, alternarosides, and chrysogesides, among others. Additionally, several compounds display unique structural motifs, such as spiro-anthronopyranoid diketopiperazines and pentacyclic triterpenoids. The results emphasize the significant promise of halotolerant fungi in providing bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological uses. However, despite their potential, halophilic fungi are still largely unexplored as sources of valuable compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zooplankton in the Barents Sea has been monitored by the Institute of Marine Research in Norway on autumn cruises since 1986, using a standardized procedure with determination of dry weight biomass in three size fractions following splitting of the sample in two halves. Along with summer data for the early 1980s, we can now describe changes of zooplankton biomass over four decades. The biomass of the central Barents Sea has fluctuated inversely with collapses and recoveries of the Barents Sea capelin stock, which is a major planktivore. Zooplankton biomass in the central Barents Sea was low in 1983 and 1984, driven by low abundance of Calanus finmarchicus , followed by a pronounced peak in 1987 associated with a "first" collapse of the capelin stock. Biomass showed another pronounced peak in 1994, driven by the small size fraction and interpreted to reflect an advective signal from the adjacent Norwegian Sea. In the two most recent decades, there have been divergent trends, with a relatively high biomass in the inflowing Atlantic water, reflecting a second summer generation of C. finmarchicus , and decreased biomass in the central area, reflecting a lower abundance of Calanus glacialis driven by a combined effect of capelin predation and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the effects of climate change on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical, especially in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, which is experiencing a rate of warming nearly triple the global average. Despite the region's importance in supporting major ecosystems and a vast population, the impacts of climate change on specific SDGs and their interconnections remain underexplored. This viewpoint article discusses the influence of climate change on the interplay among various SDGs, with a particular emphasis on SDG 6, SDG 7, and SDG 15. By offering insights into these challenges, this article aims to aid in the formulation and achievement of more effective strategies for meeting the SDGs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing human-made environmental problems such as deforestation is an ongoing educational challenge. Promising educational approaches include cooperative decision-making and attempt via a high level of motivation to promote pro-environmental behaviors. Knowledge about the forest ecosystem, including its threats, is supposed to strengthen responsibilities and individual behavioral preferences. The "Save the Forests!" module engages students in hands-on learning activities under the frame of an educational Escape Game (Edu Breakout). Based on nine workstations, it includes various cooperative activities focusing on the forest ecosystem, its ecosystem services, and common tree species. Students realize advantages of recycling, gain insight into paper production and associated resource consumption, compare eco-labels for sustainable paper products, and reflect on consumer decisions. Additionally, the students learn about habitat situations after clear-cutting, forest fires, or storm damages (succession), including strategies for dealing with deadwood based on scientific data. Besides experiments and challenging tasks, students learn about the ecological footprint and greenwashing by clarifying often-used terms in sustainability contexts. In an accompanied quantitative study approach, students participating in the learning module significantly increased their knowledge scores in a pre-post comparison (n = 135, p < 0.001, d = 0.58). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution to the problem of identifying objects in the IoT ecosystem of the Aral region is analyzed. The problem of constructing a correct algorithm with linear closure operators of a model for calculating estimates for identifying objects in the IoT ecosystem of the Aral region is considered. An algorithm operator is developed, which is considered correct for the problem Z, is the sum of q operators of the assessment calculation model, and is described by a set of numerical parameters 3 · n · m · q , where n is the number of specified features, m is the number of reference objects, and q is the set of recognized objects. Within the framework of the algebraic approach, several variants of linear combinations of recognition operators are constructed, the use of which gives the correct answer on the control material, and this is proven in the form of theorems. The constructed correct recognition algorithms, which are the easiest to use, where there is no optimization procedure, make it possible to quickly solve the issue of identifying incoming information flows in the IoT ecosystem of the Aral region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between mass incarceration and environmental inequalities. The United States incarcerates more people than any other country, and incarceration is highly racialized. The article discusses how prisons are settler colonial ecosystems that produce injustice. Prisons are located close to hazardous sites and in areas prone to extreme weather events. Food insecurity is also commonplace in jails. The article introduces concepts such as carceral food justice and carceral food sovereignty to recognize the unique circumstances that inmates experience in their quest to acquire healthy, affordable, adequate, and culturally desirable food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin layer sediment placement (TLP) is used to build elevation in marshes, counteracting effects of subsidence and sea level rise. However, TLP success may vary due to plant stress associated with reductions in nutrient availability and hydrologic flushing or through the creation of acid sulfate soils. This study examined the influence of sediment grain size and soil amendments on plant growth, soil and porewater characteristics, and greenhouse gas exchange for three key U.S. salt marsh plants: Spartina alterniflora (synonym Sporobolus alterniflorus), Spartina patens (synonym Sporobolus pumilus), and Salicornia pacifica. We found that bioavailable nitrogen concentrations (measured as extractable NH4+‐N) and porewater pH and salinity were inversely related to grain size, while soil redox was more reducing in finer sediments. This suggests that utilizing finer sediments in TLP projects will result in a more reduced environment with higher nutrient availability, while larger grain sized sediments will be better flushed and oxygenated. We further found that grain size had a significant effect on vegetation biomass allocation and rates of gas exchange, although these effects were species‐specific. We found that soil amendments (biochar and compost) did not subsidize plant growth but were associated with increases in soil respiration and methane emissions. Biochar amendments were additionally ineffective in ameliorating acid sulfate conditions. This study uncovers complex interactions between sediment type and vegetation, emphasizing the limitations of soil amendments. The findings aid restoration project managers in making informed decisions regarding sediment type, target vegetation, and soil amendments for successful TLP projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review investigates the utilization of the One Health approach to advance sustainable development and enhance health in the Hainan tropical rainforest, which is a unique ecosystem with significant biodiversity and environmental value. The region is confronted with threats arising from human activities and climate change, impacting both the health of the inhabitants and the ecosystem. The Hainan tropical rainforests create an ideal habitat for the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria, between humans and animals. The hot and humid climate creates favorable conditions for mosquito proliferation, while increased human encroachment into forested areas escalates the risk of contact with wildlife reservoirs of these diseases. Proactive surveillance of emerging infectious diseases in the forests and animal populations of Hainan is crucial for early detection and swift response to potential public health hazards. By embracing the interdisciplinary and collaborative principles of the One Health approach, this review aims to safeguard the ecosystem while fostering development. The introduction offers insights into the significance of the One Health concept, its relevance to environmental conservation, human health, and animal health. Subsequently, the paper delves into the practical application of the One Health approach in the Hainan tropical rainforest, using it as a case study. This application entails raising awareness of ecosystem health through educational initiatives and public outreach, implementing effective ecological conservation measures, promoting wildlife conservation efforts, and monitoring and preventing potential disease outbreaks. Furthermore, the paper highlights the importance of the One Health approach in achieving sustainable development in the Hainan tropical rainforest. It also explores potential research directions and associated challenges. By prioritizing the collective well-being of humans, animals, and the environment, the One Health approach offers a means to balance ecosystem conservation and human welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic debates have focused on whether esports should be classified as sport. To contribute to building a healthier esports industry, this study developed a holistic framework for examining the strengths and weaknesses of esports development in Hong Kong with a systems thinking literacy approach. By applying a systems thinking literacy approach, the ecosystem framework considered the interactions between the six macro systems: the technological system, social system, policy and legal system, education system, nongovernmental organisations system, and economic system (specifically, the esports industry). Hong Kong has a competitive advantage in information and communications technology infrastructure and a strong potential market for esports, but needs to improve the social image of esports, to implement policies to support the industry, to strengthen the education system, and to address a series of industry issues. Implications on esports ecosystem at international level are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perpetually intensifying soil contamination is an anthropogenic phenomena, which is a global environmental concern. An important tool for the evaluation of contamination levels and ecosystem health is the assessment of soil quality, which can be used to evaluate prospective ecological threats to both organisms and the environment. The aim of this study was to quantify the soil heavy metal pollution levels to assess the site quality of three wildlife parks in different climatic zones of Punjab, Pakistan, where several wild animals were housed for the purpose of conservation. A robust method for calculation, absolute deviation from median (median ± (2 × MAD)), was used to compute geochemical background value of each heavy metal. Single (geoaccumulation index – Igeo and enrichment factor – EF) and complex (pollution load index (PLI)) indices were used to recognize whether the detected heavy metals Pb, Cr, Zn, Cd, Co, Mn and Ni levels in the soil are consequences of anthropogenic or natural sources. In comparison between sites, the heavy metal enrichment for Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn was recorded high at Jallo Forest and Wildlife Park succeeded by Murree Wildlife Park and Bahawalnagar Wildlife Park. Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr showed high EF values at Jallo Forest and Wildlife Park while Igeo values of Pb, Cr, Cd, Mn and Zn were greater at Murree Wildlife Park indicating high heavy metal geoaccumulation. The highest heavy metal contamination site with reference to soil quality was Murree Wildlife Park (PLI = 1.12), which was followed by Jallo Forest and Wildlife Park and Bahawalnagar Wildlife Park with PLI values 1.05 and 0.80, respectively. Analysis by hierarchical clustering (HCA) showed high degree of variation between heavy metal concentrations at all sites with the exception of Pb and Zn. As documented from the present study, significant levels of enrichment and contamination with heavy metals were recorded for soils of selected sites. Further assessment is mandatory because the chosen study sites were situated in climatically diverse areas with reference to environmental factors, topography, climatic condition and their impact on the accumulation patterns in soil as well as in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: The complexity of environmental conditions encountered by plants in the field, or in nature, is gradually increasing due to anthropogenic activities that promote global warming, climate change, and increased levels of pollutants. While in the past it seemed sufficient to study how plants acclimate to one or even two different stresses affecting them simultaneously, the complex conditions developing on our planet necessitate a new approach of studying stress in plants: Acclimation to multiple stress conditions occurring concurrently or consecutively (termed, multifactorial stress combination [MFSC]). In an initial study of the plant response to MFSC, conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings subjected to an MFSC of six different abiotic stresses, it was found that with the increase in the number and complexity of different stresses simultaneously impacting a plant, plant growth and survival declined, even if the effects of each stress involved in such MFSC on the plant was minimal or insignificant. In three recent studies, conducted with different crop plants, MFSC was found to have similar effects on a commercial rice cultivar, a maize hybrid, tomato, and soybean, causing significant reductions in growth, biomass, physiological parameters, and/or yield traits. As the environmental conditions on our planet are gradually worsening, as well as becoming more complex, addressing MFSC and its effects on agriculture and ecosystems worldwide becomes a high priority. In this review, we address the effects of MFSC on plants, crops, agriculture, and different ecosystems worldwide, and highlight potential avenues to enhance the resilience of crops to MFSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plants and ecosystems worldwide are exposed to a wide range of chemical, physical, and biological factors of global change, many of which act concurrently. As bringing order to the array of factors is required in order to generate an enhanced understanding of simultaneous impacts, classification schemes have been developed. One such classification scheme is dedicated to capturing the different targets of global change factors along the ecological hierarchy. We build on this pioneering work, and refine the conceptual framework in several ways, focusing on plants and terrestrial systems: (i) we more strictly define the target level of the hierarchy, such that every factor typically has just one target level, and not many; (ii) we include effects above the level of the community, that is, there are effects also at the ecosystem scale that cannot be reduced to any level below this; (iii) we introduce the level of the landscape to capture certain land use change effects while abandoning the level below the individual. We discuss how effects can propagate along the levels of the ecological hierarchy, upwards and downwards, presenting opportunities for explaining non‐additivity of effects of multiple factors. We hope that this updated conceptual framework will help inform the next generation of plant‐focused global change experiments, specifically aimed at non‐additivity of effects at the confluence of many factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context of evolution in social economic policies and development within their institutional framework, this article classifies, analyzes, and compares public policies promoting cooperativism in two prominent European social economic ecosystems: Emilia Romagna and the Valencian Community. Both regions share cognitive and operational elements that drive the creation and consolidation of cooperative entities. Examining the two territories in terms of their legal frameworks, strategic areas, cooperative federations, and cooperativism promotion programs, the comparison reveals notable differences in all categories. Despite a greater legislative and budgetary effort in the Valencian Community, cooperativism in Emilia Romagna demonstrates more effective development in terms of numbers. Additionally, there is a full implementation of second-generation policy characteristics in the Valencian Community, whereas in Emilia Romagna, challenges for a complete transition are evident, such as the absence of a cooperativism promotion plan that organizes all policies in a holistic and coordinated manner. Recommendations are proposed for both territories, emphasizing the formulation of a promotion plan and the stimulation of specific support for cooperatives in Emilia Romagna, and the systematization of the evaluation of their plans in the Valencian Community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, augmentation of ecosystem services has emerged as a critical concern. However, there is a dearth of information regarding ecosystem services within the realm of planning. This study sought to address this gap by assessing the influence of landscape structure on ecosystem functionality. To achieve this, we utilized InVEST software to model ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, soil maintenance, and flood prevention. Additionally, we employed MSPA and Fragstate software to derive 4 key ecological indicators: biomass quantity, fragmentation, core area, and ratio of environmental area to forest core area. Subsequently, we examined the relationship between these ecological indicators and the selected ecosystem services. Our findings indicated a robust and positive correlation between the presence of forested and verdant areas, as well as larger and more interconnected cores within these areas, and the provision of desired services. Notably, in forest patches, a decrease in ecosystem service provision was observed with increased fragmentation and instability, underscoring the importance of preserving and expanding the Hyrcanian forests while also prioritizing integrity and reducing isolated patches for enhancing ecological productivity in the northern provinces of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western approach to the natural world, considering "nature" as an object of scientific scrutiny and of exploitation for economic purposes, results in a separateness and subsequent alienation from nature. The overarching aim of this paper is to emphasize the limitations and consequences of this approach, including how nature is perceived, the value attributed to nature, and the substantial denial of cultural contributions from non-Western philosophical and scientific backgrounds. We also consider the Western attempt at balancing industrial and technological endeavors, aimed at preserving ecological equilibria. In this framework, we argue that the current ever-increasing concern about sustainability cannot be decoupled from the perception of nature and natural values, whether material, aesthetic, or spiritual. Therefore, modern sustainability challenges, mainly attributable to Western overexploitation of nature and natural resources, need to be considered in the context of the limited Western paradigms, which often leave the very definition of nature unanswered. We argue that efforts to ease the anthropogenic pressure on natural ecosystems, leading to their degradation, cannot be uniquely bounded by Western science and its technological appendices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a representation of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, a demographic vegetation model within the Energy Exascale Earth System land model. This representation is modular, and designed to allow testing of multiple hypothetical approaches for carbon‐nutrient coupling in plants. Novel model hypotheses introduced in this work include, (a) the controls on plant acquisition of aqueous mineralized nutrients in the soil and (b) fairly straight forward methods of allocating nutrients to specific plant organs and their losses through live plant turnover as well as litter fluxes generated through plant mortality. This combines the new with pre‐existing hypotheses (such as nitrogen fixation and soil decomposition) into a system that can accommodate plant‐soil dynamics for a large number of size‐ and functional‐type‐resolved plant cohorts within a time‐since‐disturbance‐resolved ecosystem. Root uptake of nutrients is governed by fine root biomass, and plants vary in their fine root biomass allocation in order to balance carbon and nutrient limitations to growth. We test the sensitivity of the model to a wide range of parameter variations and structural representations, and in the context of observations at Barro Colorado Island, Panama. A key model prediction is that plants in the high‐light‐availability canopy positions allocate more carbon to fine roots than plants in low‐light understory environments, given the widely different carbon versus nutrient constraints of these two niches within a given ecosystem. This model provides a basis for exploring carbon‐nutrient coupling with vegetation demography within Earth system models. Plain Language Summary: This work introduces a new set of nutrient cycling hypotheses incorporated into a terrestrial biosphere model. This includes the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and focuses mainly on plant acquisition, allocation, and turnover. An analysis shows the model offers reasonable responses to perturbations in parameter constants and variability in climate forcing, considering its design balance between process complexity and parameterization burden. Key Points: The nutrient enabled ELM‐FATES model represents expected pattern responses to nutrient availability and parameter perturbationsThe model has been designed to introduce a reasonably small parameterization burdenThese hypothesis can capture some but not all elements of carbon‐nutrient dynamics and can be further inter‐compared with other hypotheses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas with ongoing efforts aiming to quantify and map emissions from natural and managed ecosystems. Wetlands play a significant role in the global CH4 budget, but uncertainties in their total emissions remain large, due to a combined lack of CH4 data and fuzzy boundaries between mapped ecosystem categories. European floodplain meadows are anthropogenic ecosystems that originated due to traditional management for hay cropping. These ecosystems are seasonally inundated by river water, and straddle the boundary between grassland and wetland ecosystems; however, an understanding of their CH4 function is lacking. Here, we established a replicated outdoor floodplain‐meadow mesocosm experiment to test how water table depth (45, 30, 15 cm below the soil surface) and plant composition affect CH4 fluxes over an annual cycle. Water table was a major controller on CH4, with significantly higher fluxes (overall mean 9.3 mg m−2 d−1) from the high (15 cm) water table treatment. Fluxes from high water table mesocosms with bare soil were low (mean 0.4 mg m−2 d−1), demonstrating that vegetation drove high emissions. Larger emissions came from high water table mesocosms with aerenchymatous plant species (e.g. Alopecurus pratensis, mean 12.8 mg m−2 d−1), suggesting a role for plant‐mediated transport. However, at low (45 cm) water tables A. pratensis mesocosms were net CH4 sinks, suggesting that there is plasticity in CH4 exchange if aerenchyma are present. Plant cutting to simulate a hay harvest had no effect on CH4, further supporting a role for plant‐mediated transport. Upscaling our CH4 fluxes to a UK floodplain meadow using hydrological modelling showed that the meadow was a net CH4 source because oxic periods of uptake were outweighed by flooding‐induced anoxic emissions. Our results show that floodplain meadows can be either small sources or sinks of CH4 over an annual cycle. Their CH4 exchange appears to respond to soil temperature, moisture status and community composition, all of which are likely to be modified by climate change, leading to uncertainty around the future net contribution of floodplain meadows to the CH4 cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The environmental virome dataset of global deep-sea sediments identified 347,737 viruses. • Most deep-sea viruses were unclassified, indicating that deep sea was a reservoir of novel viruses. • A total of 98,581 complete viral genomes were obtained, expanding our understanding of viruses. • Environment drove the differentiation of viral communities in deep-sea ecosystems. Viruses are abundant and ecologically significant in marine ecosystems. However, the virome of deep-sea sediments is not extensively investigated. To explore the distribution pattern of deep-sea viruses on a global scale, the viromes of DNA viruses isolated from 138 sediments of 5 deep-sea ecosystems were characterized. The viral particles were purified from each sediment sample. Then the viral DNAs were extracted and subjected to viral metagenomic analysis. Here, we constructed a global deep-sea environmental virome dataset by analyzing the viral DNA of 138 sediment samples. A total of 347,737 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were identified, of which 84.94% were hitherto unknown, indicating that deep sea was a reservoir of novel DNA viruses. Furthermore, circular viral genome analysis revealed 98,581 complete genomes. The classified vOTUs included eukaryotic (44.55%) and prokaryotic (25.75%) viruses, and were taxonomically assigned to 63 viral families. The composition and abundance of the deep-sea sediment viromes were dependent on the deep-sea ecosystem as opposed to geographical region. Further analysis revealed that the viral community differentiation in different deep-sea ecosystems was driven by the virus-mediated energy metabolism. Our findings showed that deep-sea ecosystems are a reservoir of novel DNA viruses and the viral community is shaped by the environmental characteristics of deep-sea ecosystems, thus presenting critical information for determining the ecological significance of viruses in global deep-sea ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals (HMs) like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Hg, among others, play a role in several environmental problems. The marine environment is polluted by several contaminants, such as HMs. A variety of physico-chemical methods usually available for sanitation HMs remediation suffer from either limitation. Bioremediation is a promising way of dealing with HMs pollution. Microbes have the ability with various potencies to resist HMs tension. The current review discusses the main sources and influences of HMs, the role of marine microorganisms in HMs bioremediation, as well as the microbial mechanisms for HMs detoxification and transformation. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the bioremediation technologies that are currently available for the removal of HMs ions from industrial and urban effluent by aquatic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, particularly those that are isolated from marine areas. The primary goals are to outline various studies and offer helpful information about the most important aspects of the bioelimination techniques. The biotreatment practices have been primarily divided into three techniques based on this topic. They are biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, and biotransformation. This article gives the brief view on the research studies about bioremediation of HMs using marine microorganisms. The current review also deals with the critical issues and recent studies based on the HMs biodetoxification using aquatic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A part of ecosystems have been damaged to varying degrees in the process of modern socio-economic development, and ecological risk assessment is one of the most important methods for measuring the health status of ecosystems. Taking Yunnan Province as the research area, four main risk sources, divides the area into five types of habitats, and considers the ecosystem as the risk receptor, and four types of ecosystem services as the assessment endpoints. The relative risk model (RRM) was used to calculate the ecological risk values of each habitat, risk source, assessment endpoint, and assessment unit in Yunnan Province, and the risk levels are divided by the assessment results. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo simulation method was used for uncertainty analysis, and risk management analysis is carried out on the basis of the risk calculation results. The results show that the overall ecological risk situation in Yunnan Province is good, with small spatial differences; Zhaotong city has the highest relative risk level, but the result error is the largest; The suffered risk of urban ecosystem habitat, the risk of population load risk source to the ecosystem, and the risk response of regulatory services were all the highest; uncertainty analysis indicates the impacting of risk sources to risk results is underestimated, and its evolution simulation results tend to converge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War has serious consequences for the environment and human health. As these impacts can be long-term and irreversible, it is important to understand how they affect ecosystems and how they can be mitigated or avoided in the future. The research serves as a basis for reconstruction planning in war-affected areas, including the restoration of ecosystems and natural resources. The practical component of the research is determined by its contribution to understanding the extent of environmental problems caused by the war and developing effective measures to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant was occupied by Russian troops on 3 March 2022. Since then, the lack of a proper management system has created repeated critical situations that have enforced a shutdown of the reactors. Further environmental challenges require urgent study. Realistic measures to manage the environmental situation at a local scale as well as measures to prevent a major nuclear disaster are proposed. We also examine the applicability of the norms and requirements of international law to resolve the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, healthcare systems can account for up to 10% of national CO2 emissions. There is increasing awareness of the need to act to reduce the impact on our planet by living sustainably in our personal and professional lives. Literature on sustainability can be complex, and with so many demands on our attention and time, it is challenging for the practising dermatologist to grasp where to begin. This manuscript provides a practical guide with quantifiable impacts for each action. With mindful use of resources, both profitability and the well‐being of patients and doctors can align with environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In Australia, the health of our marine, estuarine and freshwater fishes are of critical importance. The aquatic and marine ecosystems, and the fishes that occupy them each have an important role in our country's ecological, economic, cultural and social wealth. Climate change, resource over-exploitation, invasive animals and diseases, and habitat degradation are just a few of the burgeoning threats that researchers and managers must address to ensure the prosperity of Australia's natural fisheries resources. In addition, differences in legislative frameworks among jurisdictions hinder our ability to coherently manage fish resources at scales that are relevant biologically, ecologically and socially. Aims: Here, we identify the key research priorities for fish and fisheries research in Australia, across seven thematic fields of study. Methods: Research priorities were evaluated using a horizon scanning approach which identified research questions related to the field of fish and fisheries research in Australia. Key results: A total of 284 unique research questions were categorised and prioritised, resulting in the formation of the top 10 highest priority research questions across each of the seven themes. Conclusions: The outcomes from this work can be used to directly complement ongoing work from research providers working in the field of fish and fisheries as well as the development of new areas of research. Implications: The priorities identified will enable researchers and policy makers to identify critical knowledge gaps, develop collaborative research programs, investigate novel approaches, and to improve transparency around decision-making processes. The health of Australia's fish and fisheries are of critical ecological, economic, cultural and social importance. The horizon scan approach identified key questions across seven themes related to fish and fisheries within Australia which allow researchers to target their skills and further investment towards addressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital ecosystem (DE) is a dynamic configuration of informational organisms, individual and organisational actors, which interact in the digitally networked and federated environment. Traditional approaches are challenged by the need for handling information in complex DE where information flows beyond the boundary of a single actor. This article presents the informational organism-interaction centric digital ecosystem information (DEi) framework for information operations, management, and governance. The DEi framework emerged based on the insights obtained through the application of well-known thematic network analysis and abstraction, reflection and learning techniques to 15 action design research projects across nine different industry partners in Australia. The DEi framework includes 27 topics that are organised into nine key knowledge and three focus areas. The DEi framework can be used by researchers and practitioners as a resource for designing digital information capabilities as appropriate to their context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metaverse is seen as a future generation of the Internet in which the virtual and the real merge into a common world. Technologies such as IoT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence or the reality–virtuality continuum underpin the metaverse and condition its evolution. This paper presents a bibliometric study on the WoS database (from 1995 to 2022) to obtain a comprehensive and non-subjective understanding of the metaverse. The study identifies the main subject areas and sources, the leading countries and authors. It also analyzes the evolution over time and the core and future research themes. Extended reality, blockchain, artificial intelligence and sensors are identified as core themes, while building information modeling, digital twins and governance emerge as future themes. Based on the bibliometric study, a general layered metaverse architecture is proposed that streamlines open challenges in the metaverse to assist researchers and companies in introducing innovative and disruptive improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aleppo Pine forests provide several ecosystem services for the local population as well as for the society in Tunisia. Knowing the citizens’ preferences is crucial to guide forest management strategies. This study aims to determine the social demand for key benefits provided by forests using the choice experiment modelling. Results show a high social awareness of the benefits derived from forests suggesting that citizens are willing to support forest management activities, especially for promoting the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative to fossil fuels for energy transportation and storage. Establishing a hydrogen supply chain is crucial for a widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier. Existing guidelines for establishing a hydrogen supply chain in urban areas have been developed based on the unique characteristics and requirements of urban environments. However, rural areas have different characteristics and requirements that need to be considered to ensure successful implementation of hydrogen technologies. In this study, we adapted the existing guidelines for establishing a hydrogen supply chain in urban areas in seven steps to rural areas. It starts with identifying the ecosystem and ends with the implementation of the use case and the upscaling towards a fully developed hydrogen ecosystem. A comprehensive review of literature on the unique characteristics and requirements of rural areas for hydrogen supply chain implementation was conducted. Thereby, key differences between urban and rural environments were identified and modifications to the existing guidelines to address these specific challenges of rural areas. The modified guideline aims for example the lower population density, longer transportation distances, and limited infrastructure in rural areas. Industrial companies are scatter over a relatively wide area, therefore a centralized hydrogen supply like in cities is not sufficient. The study also emphasizes the importance of community engagement, which is an essential factor, especially in rural areas because of the strong interconnections between the companies, and collaboration with local stakeholders like politicians and the communities to ensure the acceptance and sustainability of hydrogen technologies in rural areas. The study provides a valuable contribution to the field of hydrogen energy by providing practical guidelines for establishing a hydrogen supply chain in rural areas. The modified guidelines can help overcome the challenges of rural areas and accelerate the adoption of hydrogen technologies in these regions. • Interview study for identification of he industrial challenges in rural areas. • Analysis of rural areas to introduce hydrogen as a source of energy. • Guideline for stakeholders for establishing a hydrogen environment. • Important steps for the integration of new goods in existing economic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents the arguments that support the relevance of proposing a fourth substantive function for Higher Education Institutions (IES as its acronym in Spanish): the Innovation. Under the general analytical method, the proposed objective is developed from a mixed method research, which includes components from secondary sources and field work. This study is carried out through surveys applied, by probabilistic sampling, to six hundred ninety-five (695) students of the six IES participating, obtaining a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. Also applies interviews, both structured and unstructured, to Directors of IES and authorities of higher education and business sector, selected too by probabilistic sampling. The results of this research suggest a path for Innovation to have a decisive role, as a new substantive function in Colombian higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate crisis is a concept used to express the anthropogenic effects on natural ecosystems that reached its peak with the Industrial Revolution. At the same time, it refers to a situation in which the climatic conditions that negatively affect the ecological life occur as a result of exceeding the transport limit of nature and the deterioration of the natural balance. As humanity discovered new places and new sea transportation routes through geographical discoveries, the use of ships increased and the efforts to meet this need caused serious pressures on the forest ecosystem. Similarly, in order to meet the increasing food demand with the increase in population, forested areas were opened to agriculture and this situation started to disrupt the balance of nature. The biggest negative intervention of humanity in ecological life is manifested by the Industrial Revolution. With the introduction of coal as an energy source, the pressure exerted on the forest ecosystem was also unfavorable on the marine ecosystem and fresh air. The pressures on natural balance since the 20th century lead to climatic changes that will have a negative impact on human life. Some parts of the world suffer from long-term droughts, while others suffer floods. However, as the increase in the use of harmful gases disrupts the balance of the gas in the atmosphere, global temperature refinement takes place, leading to an increase in the water level due to melting of glaciers in polar regions. The increase in the water level directly affects the island states and therefore the people living there and causes them to leave their place in time or indefinitely. Again, with the increase in drought, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, serious problems will arise in terms of access to food and this situation will cause the migration of people living in arid regions. This situation, which is called as Ecological Migration affects both the emigration country and the receiving country negatively in terms of economic and social security The study aims to analyze the relationship between climate crisis and migration by explaining their concepts. After conceptual explanations and relationships are presented, it is aimed to obtain concrete outputs with general evaluations in the conclusion part. The study was created with a theoretical framework and referenced the studies done in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Italy, many people aged over 65 cannot live independently, causing an overall decrease in their quality of life and a need for social and health care. Due to the lack of both formal and informal caregivers, technological solutions become of paramount importance in this scenario. This article describes the user-centered development of the GUARDIAN ecosystem, consisting of a social robot integrated with two mobile applications which aim to monitor, coach, and keep the older user company in order to prolong his/her independence at home. In particular, the advancements from the alpha to the beta prototype of the ecosystem are described, achieved through the feedback collected from 41 end users—older people and their carers—that have tested the system for 6 weeks. By enhancing human–robot interaction, a positive improvement in terms of usability and acceptability of the system was retrieved. However, to increase the perceived usefulness and the impact on older users' lives, it is necessary to make the entire system more customizable, and more capable in providing support for daily activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tropical Andes is one of the most biodiverse ecoregions on Earth, exhibiting high levels of species endemism. The tropical Andes is also one of the most vulnerable ecoregions worldwide due to a long history of anthropogenic transformations. One of the major obstacles for generating conservation plans is gaps in knowledge about the status and threats to many groups of Andean biodiversity, especially invertebrates. Focusing on three important beetle groups (i.e., Coleoptera: ground beetles, rove beetles and dung beetles) in the tropical Andes, we performed a systematic review of scientific literature retrieving 50 studies that allowed us to assess the degree of knowledge across the region, disturbance types, and biodiversity metrics used. We found a high representation of studies in Colombia, compared with other Andean countries. We also found a marked bias among taxonomic groups, topics or metrics evaluated, with dung beetles the most represented group, particularly in studies addressing forest conversion using metrics such as species richness or abundance. We reveal large gaps in information on the diversity of ground and rove beetles, and in the use of other diversity metrics. The lack of information across countries makes it difficult to generalize results and points to the need for more research, especially in under‐represented countries such as Bolivia and Venezuela. Including complementary response metrics, such as biomass, functional diversity or ecological functions, will improve the assessment of human impacts on tropical Andean beetle communities and wider ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current high-choice media environment is characterized by increasingly intense competition for audience resources among media products. Drawing on research in organizational ecology and communication, audience behavior, and media economics, this study provides an ecological explanation for audience size in the digital media system. The analysis of Comscore's aggregate audience data on the use of 64 digital media platforms over a 38-month period from 2019 to 2022 shows that a platform's audience size is negatively associated with its niche overlap with another platform. This competitive effect of niche overlap on a platform's current audience size is moderated by its previous audience size (size dependence) and species membership in the environment (species dependence). The results also support the short- and long-term stability of audience size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite plants realistically being affected by vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores simultaneously, fundamental differences in the ecology and evolution of these two herbivore guilds often means their impacts on plants are studied separately. A synthesis of the literature is needed to understand the types of plant traits examined and their response to, and effect on (in terms of forage selection) vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory, and to identify associated knowledge gaps. Focusing on grassland systems and species, we found 138 articles that met our criteria: 39 invertebrate, 97 vertebrate and 2 focussed on both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. Our study identified invertebrate focussed research, research conducted in the Southern Hemisphere and research on nondomesticated herbivores was significantly underrepresented based on our search and should be a focus of future research. Differences in study focus (trait response or trait effect), along with differences in the types of traits examined, led to limited opportunity for comparison between the two herbivore guilds. This review therefore predominantly discusses the response and effect of plant traits to each herbivore guild separately. In future studies, we suggest this review be used as a guide for trait selection, to improve comparability and the broader significance of results. Summary statement: Plants are potentially exposed to many different herbivores simultaneously, but we often study the effect of specific herbivore guilds or species on plant performance. In this review, we unpack and explore differences between vertebrate and invertebrate focussed studies which examined how plant traits respond to and affect herbivory. We examined overall trends and biases, differences in the types of traits examined and the relationships between plant traits and herbivory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]