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Through an examination of the work of great scholars from fields including philosophy, literature, philology, semiology, quantum physics, history, and anthropology, this book argues that building on the contribution of non-economists can open new areas of reflection in economics beyond the usual schools of thought. The purpose of the book is twofold. First, it offers a critique and discussion of the limits of contemporary economic discourse, both mainstream and self-styled alternative theories. The central theme on which the book is built is that the discipline of economics fails to examine the nature of social reality in a systematic way. This prompts the economists to become fully aware of the methodology on which they base their representation, analysis, and argumentation in a way that economists currently are not. Second, the book proposes alternative ways of thinking that can help readers of economics to overcome the current limitations of their discipline. This means going beyond various dominant dualities – orthodox/heterodox, micro/ macro, epistemology/ontology – because it is not a question of doing ‘the economy'differently, but of overcoming the economy as a representation of the world that strives to submit everything to its realm. Thus, the book does not simply propose a broader conceptual framework than that portrayed by mainstream economists or those who propose an alternative approach but raises questions that do not usually come from the minds of economists at all. The book will be of particular interest to readers of economic methodology and pluralism, philosophers of science, and other social scientists interested in methodological issues.

Experimental economics involves the use of controlled, experimental methods both in the laboratory and the field to better comprehend how individuals and groups make economic decisions and to more clearly identify causal relationships. This book takes the reader to the frontier of research in this exciting and rapidly growing field. Unlike other texts, this book discusses both the methodology of experimental economics and some of the main application areas.The material is organized as a series of 12 chapters or lectures that can be covered in a single academic term. The first five chapters cover the reasons for experimentation as well as basic experimental methodology. The last seven chapters discuss applications of experimental economics to areas such as game theory, public economics, social preferences, auctions and markets. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of economics and game theory and is written at a level that is suitable for advanced undergraduate, master's or PhD students.

This innovative book uses in-depth empirical studies of scientific articles and takes inspiration from Nobel laureates to explore how theories and models are used in economics. Hans Lind ultimately illustrates that economics studies a ‘chaos-theoretic'system where a theory is a framework that helps formulate hypotheses rather than a set of statements about how an economy works.Based on these empirical studies Lind analyses different kinds of path-breaking contributions in economics and why these developments do not fit Kuhn´s theory of progress in science. Through the close analysis of scientific articles, chapters also discuss why analysis of a simple model can help us understand how the real economy works and how a new idea becomes accepted through everyday observations, the building of models and empirical studies. He argues that it is crucial to use a range of methods, including case studies and mathematical models, to help identify causes and patterns in a science that studies a chaos-theoretic system.Written in an accessible style, Theories and Models in Economics will prove a vital resource for scholars looking for a greater understanding of both the methodology and the development of economics. It will appeal to practitioners and social scientists more broadly who are interested in learning more about how economists conduct their research and how this differs from other disciplines.

A cross-cultural analysis of the abortion issue in the United States and Canada. The book focuses on: the judicial, legislative and executive branches; public opinion and interest groups; federal agencies; and the roles of subnational authorities and the health care sectors.

This edited volume provides an in-depth exploration into the influential work of Wade Hands, examining the changing relationship between methodology and the history of economics in connection with contemporary developments in economics.The papers in this volume fall into four parts, each devoted to an important theme in Wade Hands'work. The first part explores the influence and scope of Reflection without Rules, capturing the rich debate that the book generated about what guides methodological and philosophical thinking in economics. The second part examines Hands'research on Paul Samuelson's economics and the methodological dimensions of Samuelson's thinking. Part three looks to Hands'long-standing interest in the philosophical foundations of pragmatist thinking. The final part addresses his more recent research in the methodological import of the emergence of behavioural economics. Together, the contributors show how Hands'insights in complexity theory, identity, and stratification are key to understanding a reconfigured economic methodology. They also reveal how his willingness to draw from multiple academic disciplines gives us a platform for interrogating mainstream economics and provides the basis for a humane yet scientific alternative.This unique volume will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers across social economics, history of economic thought, economic methodology, political economy, and philosophy of social science.

Economic Methodology, History and Pluralism: Expanding Economic Thought to Meet Contemporary Challenges pays tribute to Emeritus Professor Sheila Dow (University of Stirling, Scotland). This volume focusses on the contributions of Dow to economic methodology, pluralism and the history of economic thought. These explorations serve to underpin her ideas and theories on macroeconomics, banking and money.Bringing together an impressive panel of contributors, the chapters in this work examine Dow's writings on structured pluralism and schools of thought, meanings of open and closed systems, reflections on the relationship between economics and other sciences (both social and natural), the methodology of behavioural economics, as well as the political economy of the Scottish school of thought. The book challenges the foundations of the mainstream economics paradigm in a novel and holistic manner, seeking to advance thinking across Dow's favoured discipline. The essays in this collection provide thought-provoking reading for advanced students and scholars of economic methodology, the history of economic thought, heterodox economics and political economy. The book will also be valued by the economics profession at large, as it contains important elements and ideas concerning ethics, methodology and tolerance within economics as a discipline and as a profession.

Within Post-Keynesian economics there is a spectrum of approaches to theories of the firm but what they have in common, to their great benefit, is a proper integration of the concept of radical uncertainty: data that cannot be known. This book revisits Kalecki's theory of the firm is located to show that it constitutes fertile theoretical ground on which to systematically understand the resultant indeterminacy when firms operate under conditions of radical uncertainty. The author proposes a way of generalising radical uncertainty by integrating some of the separate approaches within Post-Keynesian economics centred around Kalecki's work. Through this, it is shown that radical uncertainty does more than just change the ultimate motivation of firms (dropping short-run profit maximisation; more complex motivation; interconnectivity with the environment), it is central to the emergence, existence and motivation of firms, and critically also firm strategy. It is argued that firms do not simply respond to uncertainty: it is the systematic cause of their intentional behaviour. Through developing these arguments, the book also contributes to the methodology of Kalecki and Shackle, as well as Kaleckian price theory. This book will be important reading for anyone interested in theories of the firm, Post-Keynesian economics and heterodox approaches to economics more broadly.

This edited collection seeks to advance thinking on money and the monetary nature of the economy, macroeconomic analysis and economic policy, setting it within the context of current scholarship and global socioeconomic concerns, and the crisis in the economics discipline. A key aim is to highlight the central contribution that Sheila Dow has made to these fields. Bringing together an impressive panel of contributors, this volume explores topics including central bank independence, liquidity preferences, money supply endogeneity, financial regulation, regional finance and public debt. The essays in this first collection of two will be thought-provoking reading for advanced students and scholars of macroeconomics, monetary economics, central banking and heterodox economics. Contributors have a broad range of professional experience at universities, central banks, business, development institutions and policy advisories.

Philosophy of Economics: A Heterodox Introduction provides an introduction to the philosophy of economics through the prism of heterodoxy.Heterodox economics covers a range of approaches and schools of thought but what they have as a common denominator is the conviction that economic phenomena cannot be understood, and thus must not be studied, in isolation from their relevant context. Conversely, the current form of neoclassical economics emerged from the conviction that there is something like economic rationality sui generis which can be treated independently from all other aspects of our world, social or natural. Heterodox approaches challenge this conviction, from a variety of angles: the economic actor is not isolated, but lives in society which shapes him; market goods are only one kind of goods among others, constituting a larger set with ambiguous and shifting inner frontiers; production of goods takes place within nature, is subjected to physical laws and induces in most cases ecologically problematic fluxes of matter (e.g. waste); finally, the whole economic process in general is not in equilibrium, but shows secular trends through which it is connected to the historical world. This book demonstrates the vitality of these heterodox challenges from a philosophical point of view because not only do they formulate new hypotheses within economics, but they challenge economic theory on a much more fundamental level: how is the economy situated in the world, and which are the right methods for its investigation?This book is an ideal introduction for anyone seeking alternative or critical perspectives on the philosophy of economics and economic theory.

Volume 40A of Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology features a symposium on the work of the radical economist David Gordon, edited by our own Luca Fiorito and featuring contributions from Nancy Breen, Richard McGahey, Robert Pollin, and Jim Stanford. The Volume also includes new general-research essays from Felix Schroeter, Ana Paula Londe Silva, and Seun Okunade.

La investigación económica es el proceso por el cual descubrimos, evaluamos, confirmamos, rechazamos y ampliamos el stock de conocimientos existentes en el campo de la economía. Para llevar adelante con éxito este propósito, el investigador necesita estar dotado de una metodología, de las directrices generales de cómo realizar la investigación, y también de los métodos y procedimientos de investigación; es decir, de las guías específicas de cómo efectuarla. Este libro tiene el doble objetivo de brindar a los economistas interesados en la investigación económica el marco teórico (la metodología de la investigación económica), así como algunas herramientas específicas sobre cómo llevarla cabo (los métodos y procedimientos de investigación). En el terreno metodológico, en este libro abordamos conceptos tales como la causalidad, la inducción, la deducción, el método hipotético-deductivo, la predicción y la explicación, la verdad y la falsedad, la verificación y la falsación, entre otros. En el campo de los métodos y los procedimientos de la investigación, concentraremos nuestra atención en el rol que tiene la econometría, la tradicional y la contemporánea, como instrumento esencial para poner a prueba las hipótesis de la investigación.

The centerpiece of Volume 40B of Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology is a symposium on the work of William Baumol, edited by Erwin Dekker. The symposium includes contributions from Alex Tabarrok, Jochen Hartwig and Hagen M. Krämer, Alexandre Chirat, Victor A. Beker, Caroline Colton, Magnus Henrekson and Mikael Stenkula, and Anna Noci. Volume 40B also features new general-research essays from Juan Pablo Castilla and Fabrizio Bientinesi.

This book is a timely exploration of an unprecedented, cataclysmic pandemic episode. It examines certain critical aspects of socio-scientific theory across a variety of diverse themes, and through an epistemic lens. The book investigates the general theory of pandemic episodes and their adverse long-term effects on human and environmental wellbeing. It includes an in-depth study of COVID-19 but also looks to the future to contemplate potential pandemics to come. The existing approach to the study of pandemics is critically examined in terms of the prevalent isolated and thus mutated way of viewing human and mechanical relations in the name of specialization and modernity. The book presents a novel model of science-economy-society moral inclusiveness that forms a distinctive theoretical approach to the issue of normalizing all forms of pandemic challenges. It is methodologically different from existing economic theory, including the critical study of microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics. Human and environmental existence along with its multidisciplinary outlook of unity of knowledge between modernity, traditionalism, and socio-cultural values is emphasized in the treatment and cure of pandemic episodes. The book is a unique reference work, offering fresh wisdom within the moral methodological worldview.

This book investigates why economics makes less visible progress over time than scientific fields with a strong practical component, where interactions with physical technologies play a key role. The thesis of the book is that the main impediment to progress in economics is'false feedback', which it defines as the false result of an empirical study, such as empirical evidence produced by a statistical model that violates some of its assumptions. In contrast to scientific fields that work with physical technologies, false feedback is hard to recognize in economics. Economists thus have difficulties knowing where they stand in their inquiries, and false feedback will regularly lead them in the wrong directions.The book searches for the reasons behind the emergence of false feedback. It thereby contributes to a wider discussion in the field of metascience about the practices of researchers when pursuing their daily business. The book thus offers a case study of metascience for the field of empirical economics.The main strength of the book are the numerous smaller insights it provides throughout. The book delves into deep discussions of various theoretical issues, which it illustrates by many applied examples and a wide array of references, especially to philosophy of science. The book puts flesh on complicated and often abstract subjects, particularly when it comes to controversial topics such as p-hacking.The reader gains an understanding of the main challenges present in empirical economic research and also the possible solutions. The main audience of the book are all applied researchers working with data and, in particular, those who have found certain aspects of their research practice problematic.

Dieses Lehrbuch gibt einen umfassenden und dennoch detaillierten Überblick über die Entwicklung der ökonomischen Theorie. Die Gesamtschau zeigt wichtige Zusammenhänge und Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Denkrichtungen auf und erleichtert so deren Verständnis. Den Schwerpunkt bildet die Darstellung von Vorklassik, Klassik und Neoklassik. Neben dem Mainstream geht das Buch auch auf wichtige konkurrierende Schulen ein.Im Vergleich zur Vorauflage wurde die Darstellung der verschiedenen ökonomischen Ansätze neu systematisiert, wesentlich erweitert und um aktuelle Entwicklungen ergänzt. Neu in der fünften Auflage sind die Abschnitte zu den Grundlagen der Theoriegeschichte und der Methodologie sowie die Diskussion der politischen und ideologischen Aspekte der Volkswirtschaftslehre.

Volume 39B of Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, includes a symposium marking the centenary of Carl Menger's death in 1921. The symposium, edited by Reinhard Schumacher and Scott Scheall, features contributions from Sandra J. Peart, Günther Chaloupek, Erwin Dekker, and Sandye Gloria. The Volume also features general-research essays from Marina Uzunova and Alexander Linsbichler.

Approximately one in six top economic research papers draws an explicitly causal conclusion. But what do economists mean when they conclude that A ‘causes'B? Does ‘cause'say that we can influence B by intervening on A, or is it only a label for the correlation of variables? Do quantitative analyses of observational data followed by such causal inferences constitute sufficient grounds for guiding economic policymaking? The Philosophy of Causality in Economics addresses these questions by analyzing the meaning of causal claims made by economists and the philosophical presuppositions underlying the research methods used. The book considers five key causal approaches: the regularity approach, probabilistic theories, counterfactual theories, mechanisms, and interventions and manipulability. Each chapter opens with a summary of literature on the relevant approach and discusses its reception among economists. The text details case studies, and goes on to examine papers which have adopted the approach in order to highlight the methods of causal inference used in contemporary economics. It analyzes the meaning of the causal claim put forward, and finally reconstructs the philosophical presuppositions accepted implicitly by economists. The strengths and limitations of each method of causal inference are also considered in the context of using the results as evidence for policymaking.This book is essential reading to those interested in literature on the philosophy of economics, as well as the philosophy of causality and economic methodology in general.

The Nature and Method of Economic Sciences: Evidence, Causality, and Ends argues that economic phenomena can be examined from five analytical levels: a statistical descriptive approach, a causal explanatory approach, a teleological explicative approach, a normative approach and, finally, the level of application.The above viewpoints are undertaken by different but related economic sciences, including statistics and economic history, positive economics, normative economics, and the ‘art of political economy'. Typically, positive economics has analysed economic phenomena using the second approach, causally explaining and often trying to predict the future evolution of the economy. It has not been concerned with the ends selected by the individual or society, taking them as given. However, various new economic currents have emerged during the last 40 years, and some of these do assign a fundamental role to ends within economics. This book argues that the field of positive economics should adapt to deal with the issues that arise from this. The text attempts to discern the nature of economic phenomena, introducing the different approaches and corresponding economic sciences. It goes on to analyse the epistemological characteristics of these in the subsequent chapters, as well as their disciplinary interrelations. This book is a valuable resource for students and scholars of the social sciences, philosophy, and the philosophy of economics. It will also be of interest to those researching political economy and the development of economic thought.

Volume 38B of Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology features a symposium on economists and authoritarian regimes in the 20th century. Guest-edited by Federico D'Onofrio and Gerardo Serra, the symposium includes contributions from José Luís Cardoso, Till Düppe and Sarah Joly-Simard, Elisa Grandi, Alexandre Andrada and Mauro Boianovsky, Tinashe Nyamunda, Doriana Matraku Dervishi and Marianne Johnson, and Nicolas Brisset and Raphaël Fèvre. Volume 38B also features a new general-research essay by Reinhard Schumacher and RHETM co-editor Scott Scheall that provides new details concerning Carl Menger's life and career.

Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology Volume 37C features a symposium celebrating the centenary of the influential economist and historian of economic thought Robert Heilbroner. Luca Fiorito, Harald Hagemann, Edward Nell, and Steven Pressman contribute to the symposium. The volume also features original general-research contributions from Samuel Hollander and Luca Fiorito, as well as a new discovery of material made by Maxime Desmarais-Tremblay and Marianne Johnson from the archives of Richard A. Musgrave.

The economic discipline has always been an object of investigation. But unlike in former times, when methodological and epistemological developments had been the object of historians of economic thought, recently the focus of inquiry shifted towards the constitution, organisation and performativity of the economic discipline. It is the intention of the book to contribute to a better understanding of the working and failures of the `market for economic ideas'.

This fourth volume of The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis covers behavioral game theory. It is an essential guide for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students seeking a concise and focused text on this important subject, and examines the evidence on classical game theory and several models of behavioral game theory, including level-k and cognitive hierarchy models, quantal response equilibrium, and psychological game theory. This updated extract from Dhami's leading textbook allows the reader to pursue subsections of this vast and rapidly growing field and to tailor their reading to their specific interests in behavioural economics.

Taken from the first definitive introduction to behavioral economics, The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis: Behavioral Time Discounting is an authoritative and cutting edge guide to this essential topic for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. It considers the evidence against the exponential discounted utility model and describes several behavioral models such as hyperbolic discounting, attribute based models, and the reference time theory. This updated extract from Dhami's leading textbook allows the reader to pursue subsections of this vast and rapidly growing field and to tailor their reading to their specific interests in behavioural economics.

Réussir la rédaction d'une dissertation de science économique est un exercice difficile qui suppose une solide culture dans la discipline et la mise en œuvre d'une méthodologie rigoureuse et adaptée. Cet ouvrage propose à tout étudiant qui prépare un examen ou candidat à un concours les clés de cette réussite :• la méthodologie présentée de manière progressive et détaillée : cadrage du sujet, construction du plan, mobilisation des connaissances, rédaction, etc. ;• 14 sujets entièrement rédigés ;• de nombreux entrainements proposés à partir des dernières annales de concours (grandes écoles, Capes ou agrégation).En ligne : Pour continuer à s'exercer, des sujets originaux et leurs corrigés sont régulièrement proposés.

This is the first book that examines the diverse range of experimental methods currently being used in the social sciences, gathering contributions by working economists engaged in experimentation, as well as by a political scientist, psychologists and philosophers of the social sciences. Until the mid-twentieth century, most economists believed that experiments in the economic sciences were impossible. But that's hardly the case today, as evinced by the fact that Vernon Smith, an experimental economist, and Daniel Kahneman, a behavioral economist, won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002. However, the current use of experimental methods in economics is more diverse than is usually assumed. As the concept of experimentation underwent considerable abstraction throughout the twentieth century, the areas of the social sciences in which experiments are applied are expanding, creating renewed interest in, and multifaceted debates on, the way experimental methods are used. This book sheds new light on the diversity of experimental methodologies used in the social sciences. The topics covered include historical insights into the evolution of experimental methods; the necessary “performativity” of experiments, i.e., the dynamic interaction with the social contexts in which they are embedded; the application of causal inferences in the social sciences; a comparison of laboratory, field, and natural experiments; and the recent use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in development economics. Several chapters also deal with the latest heated debates, such as those concerning the use of the random lottery method in laboratory experiments.

This book examines the nature of economic objects that form the subject matter of economics, and studies how they resemble or differ from the objects studied by the natural sciences. It explores the question of whether economic objects created by modern economics sufficiently represent economic reality, and confronts the question whether tools, techniques and the methodology borrowed from the natural sciences are appropriate for the analysis of economic reality. It demonstrates the unsustainability of rational choice theory. It looks at economic agents, such as individuals, groups, legally constituted entities, algorithms, or robots, how they function and how they are represented in economics. The volume further examines the extent, if any, that mathematics can represent the objects of the economy, such as supply and demand, equilibrium, marginal utility, or the money supply as they actually occur in the economy, and as they are represented in economics. Finally, the volume explores whether the subject matter of economics – however defined – is the proper subject of theoretical knowledge, whether economics is an analytic or a descriptive discipline, or if it is more properly seen in the domain of practical reason. Specifically, the book looks at the importance and the ambiguity of the ontology of modern economics, temporality, reflexivity, the question of incommensurability, and their implications for economic policy.

David Colander has been writing about economic methodology for over 30 years. His pragmatic approach sees applied policy methodology as rooted in what economists actually do, not in what methodologists say they should do. It sees applied policy methodology as constantly evolving as analytic and computational technology changes, evolving far too fast to be subject to any rigid scientific methodology.That problem is that economists generally think of applied policy analysis as applied science. Colander argues that using a scientific methodology to guide applied policy undermines good policy analysis. Instead, he contends that economists should use a much looser engineering methodology that blends science, heuristics, inescapable moral judgments, and creativity into what he calls the art and craft of economics. Here, Huei-chun Su has selected seventeen of Colander's articles that spell out and capture his arguments at various levels - some formal academic articles dealing with cutting edge methodology, and some more popular articles making the case for his approach. An original introduction and annotated bibliography serve as excellent resources for further exploring his arguments. Clear, well-structured, and written in plain English with little jargon, the book is approachable and suitable for anyone interested in the current and future state of economics and the economics profession. This includes students at any level as well as methodologists, applied economists, historians and critics of modern economics.

Lionel Robbins (1898–1984) is best known to economists for his Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (1932 and 1935). To the wider public he is well known for the'Robbins Report'of the 1960s on Higher Education, which recommended a major expansion of university education in Britain. However, throughout his academic career – at Oxford and the London School of Economics in the 1920s, and as Professor of Economics at the School from 1929 to 1961 – he was renowned as an exceptionally gifted teacher. Generations of students remember his lectures for their clarity and comprehensiveness and for his infectious enthusiasm for his subject. Besides his famous graduate seminar his most important and influential courses at LSE were the Principles of Economic Analysis, which he gave in the 1930s and again in the late 1940s and 1950s, as well as the History of Economic Thought, from 1953 until long after his official retirement. This book publishes for the first time the manuscript notes Robbins used for his lectures on the Principles of Economic Analysis from 1929/30 to 1934/40. At the outset of his career he took the advice of a senior colleague to prepare his lectures by writing them out fully before he presented them; the full notes for most of his pre-war lectures survive and are eminently decipherable.Since he made two major revisions of the lectures in the 1930s the Principles notes show both the development of his own thought and the way he incorporated the major theoretical innovations made by younger economists at LSE, such as John Hicks and Nicholas Kaldor, or elsewhere, notably Joan Robinson. He intended to turn his lecture notes into a book, abandoning the project only when he was asked to chair the Committee on Higher Education in 1960. This volume is not exactly the book he wanted to write, but it is a unique record of what was taught to senior undergraduate and graduate economists in those'years of high theory'. It will be of interest to all economists interested in the development of economics in the twentieth century.

The elder Keynes argues that almost every problem connected with the scope and method of political economy has given rise to conflict of opinion. The resulting controversies have sometimes been bitter. Those readers, who already have any acquaintance with the literature of economic method should be prepared to find that several of the chapters are controversial in character. At the same time, Keynes avoids the tone of a partisan and represents both sides of the argument without prejudice.While making no attempt to bring about a complete reconciliation between opposing views, Keynes shows the nature of the opposition between them has sometimes been misunderstood, and its extent consequently exaggerated. Since the scope and method of a science can never be satisfactorily discussed at the commencement of its study, some knowledge of political economy in its general outlines is assumed.The nature of the topics discussed in this classic is indicated in the introductory chapter. The abstract discussion of methods is one to which students of economics must necessarily give attention in the course of their reading, and its indirect bearing on the solution of practical economic questions is very close in contemporary importance in today's society.

Volume 35A of Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology features a symposium on historical epistemology, guest edited by Till Düppe and Harro Maas. The symposium includes new research from the guest editors, as well as from Loïc Charles and Christine Théré, Hsiang-Ke Chao, Tobias Vogelsang, and Thomas Stapleford. This internationally renowned cast of contributors offers a variety of perspectives on one of the major approaches in empirical philosophy of science and economic thought. Volume 35A also includes a new research paper by Cameron Weber on the paradoxical notion of value employed in the economics of art and culture. An archival piece by Marc Nerlove, winner of the John Bates Clark Medal in 1969, completes the volume. Originally written in the summer of 1953, when Nerlove was a 19-year-old graduate student serving as research assistant to Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans at the Cowles Commission, the paper relates the ideas of Cournot to the concept of Nash equilibrium. The paper was long-forgotten by Nerlove and has only recently been rediscovered among the Marschak Papers at UCLA. Olav Bjerkholt contributes a foreword to Nerlove's archival piece.

Despite numerous books on research methodology, many have failed to present a complete, hands-on, practical book to lead college classes or individuals through the research process. We are seeing more and more scientific papers from all research fields that fail to meet the basic criteria in terms of research methods, as well as the structure, writing style and presentation of results. This book aims to address this gap in the market by providing an authoritative, easy to follow guide to research methods and how to apply them. Qualitative Methods in Economics is focused not only on the research methods/techniques but also the methodology. The main objective of this book is to discuss qualitative methods and their use in economics and social science research. Chapters identify several of the research approaches commonly used in social studies, from the importance of the role of science through to the techniques of data collection. Using an example research paper to examine the methods used to present the research, the second half of this book breaks down how to present and format your results successfully. This book will be of use to students and researchers who want to improve their research methods and read up on the new and cutting edge advances in research methods, as well as those who like to study ways to improve the research process.

This book illustrates how the one-dot theory, which is a dialectical study, is well suited to describing, explaining and inferring contemporary China's past, present and future. It argues that since October 1949, the field of contemporary China studies has been dominated by modified and abandoned non-dialectical theories and models. It also challenges selected non-dialectical theories and models which were first generated in the West, such as the game theory and rational (choice) theory. With its emphasis on methodology, the book offers a valuable resource for academics, researchers and practitioners alike with an interest in logically, systematically and coherently unraveling Taiwan's and mainland China's contemporary politics and international relations.

Researchers are expected to produce original findings, yet nobody explains how original contributions are conceived in economics. Recently there have been calls for more creativity in economic research, yet there is no literature that explores creative research apart from collections of biographical essays. This book aims to address that gap, exploring the process of conceiving and generating ideas for interesting and original research contributions in economics (and potentially other social sciences too).Creative Research in Economics serves both a practical and theoretical purpose. Theoretically it presents a unique way of thinking about the nature of problems and questions in economics and the role of social science researchers in society. As such it offers an interesting way to think about the philosophy of science and methodology in economics, and how new ideas emerge in the discipline. Practically it develops techniques for finding interesting and original research contributions (as opposed to conventional data-gathering research).Whether you are a graduate student looking for that first interesting question, a novice researcher in search of fresh avenues for research after your PhD, or a seasoned academic looking to teach the philosophy and methodology of economics in more interesting ways, you will find this book of great use.

Economic Methodology explores the status and character of economics as a social science and introduces students to philosophical issues underlying modern science. Approaching the subject as philosophy of science for economists, the authors use the historical developments in philosophy of science to frame this introduction to the field of economic methodology. By doing this they strengthen students'understanding of economics as a science to enhance their reasoning skills, introducing them to the wider philosophical issues surrounding our understanding of the area.

Prof. Dr. Michael Frenkel ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Makroökonomik und Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen an der WHU – Otto-Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar.Prof. Dr. Ralf Fendel ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Monetäre Ökonomik an der WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, Vallendar.Die Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung zeichnet ein quantitatives Bild der Makroökonomik eines Landes. Diese Zusammenhänge beschreibt dieser Lehrbuch-Klassiker anschaulich und anwendungsbezogen.Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt neben der Aktualisierung der Daten auch konzeptionelle Änderungen in den volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen. Sie beziehen sich z. B. auf eine Erweiterung des Investitionsbegriffs im Rahmen der Revision der europäischen Statistik und den Einbezug bisher im Bruttoinlandsprodukt nicht berücksichtigten wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten. Außerdem enthält die Neuauflage die Neukonzeption der Zahlungsbilanzstatistik.Inhalt: Grundlagen Wirtschaftskreislauf Inlandsproduktberechnung in der Bundesrepublik: Konzepte, Anwendungen und Probleme Nebenrechnungen der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung

This is the first definitive introduction to behavioral economics aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. Authoritative, cutting edge, yet accessible, it guides the reader through theory and evidence, providing engaging and relevant applications throughout. It is divided into nine parts and 24 chapters: Part I is on behavioral economics of risk, uncertainty, and ambiguity. The evidence against expected utility theory is examined, and the behavioral response is outlined; the best empirically supported theory is prospect theory. Part II considers other-regarding preferences. The evidence from experimental games on human sociality is given, followed by models and applications of inequity aversion, intentions based reciprocity, conditional cooperation, human virtues, and social identity. Part III is on time discounting. It considers the evidence against the exponential discounted utility model and describes several behavioral models such as hyperbolic discounting, attribute based models and the reference time theory. Part IV describes the evidence on classical game theory and considers several models of behavioral game theory, including level-k and cognitive hierarchy models, quantal response equilibrium, and psychological game theory. Part V considers behavioral models of learning that include evolutionary game theory, classical models of learning, experience weighted attraction model, learning direction theory, and stochastic social dynamics. Part VI studies the role of emotions; among other topics it considers projection bias, temptation preferences, happiness economics, and interaction between emotions and cognition. Part VII considers bounded rationality. The three main topics considered are judgment heuristics and biases, mental accounting, and behavioral finance. Part VIII considers behavioral welfare economics; the main topics are soft paternalism, and choice-based measures of welfare. Finally, Part IX gives an abbreviated taster course in neuroeconomics.

En principe les économistes accordent volontiers qu'une base psychologique est nécessaire à établir leur science. Et en effet, si l'économique a pour problème essentiel l'appropriation des choses à la satisfaction des besoins humains par l'activité des hommes en société, elle met en jeu forcément dans ses propositions, de manière plus ou moins directe, la nature de ces besoins et les mobiles de cette activité, éléments psychologiques de la matière étudiée. Fruit d'une sélection réalisée au sein des fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, Collection XIX a pour ambition de faire découvrir des textes classiques et moins classiques dans les meilleures éditions du XIXe siècle.

The Handbook of Experimental Economic Methodology, edited by Guillaume R. Fréchette and Andrew Schotter, aims to confront and debate the issues faced by the growing field of experimental economics. For example, as experimental work attempts to test theory, it raises questions about the proper relationship between theory and experiments. As experimental results are used to inform policy, the utility of these results outside the lab is questioned, and finally, as experimental economics tries to integrate ideas from other disciplines like psychology and neuroscience, the question of their proper place in the discipline of economics becomes less clear. This book contains papers written by some of the most accomplished scholars working at the intersection of experimental, behavioral, and theoretical economics talking about methodology. It is divided into four sections, each of which features a set of papers and a set of comments on those papers. The intention of the volume is to offer a place where ideas about methodology could be discussed and even argued. Some of the papers are contentious---a healthy sign of a dynamic discipline---while others lay out a vision for how the authors think experimental economics should be pursued. This exciting and illuminating collection of papers brings light to a topic at the core of experimental economics. Researchers from a broad range of fields will benefit from the exploration of these important questions.

The essays in this collection detail the fate of gypsies in the countries of Eastern Europe through the socialist era, and pay special attention to the experience of the Nazi holocaust. The volume includes essays on Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Albania, Hungary and Romania.

​Thomas Sonderegger und Simon Hartmann gehen der Frage nach, welche Rolle Telematik (z. B. Fahrtenschreiber, Crashrecorder) für die Zukunft der Motorfahrzeugversicherung spielt und wie diese Entwicklung durch Kundinnen und Kunden bewertet wird. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass manche Tarifierungen – beispielsweise nach Geschlecht – in der EU nicht mehr zulässig sind, könnte gerade Telematik die nächste Generation von Versicherungsprodukten tiefgreifend formen. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, welche Hürden es zu bewältigen gilt: So besteht in der Schweiz nur eine geringe Nachfrage nach derartigen Produkten. Angesichts dieses Akzeptanzproblems geben die Autoren Handlungsempfehlungen, wie der Aufbau von telematikbasierten Versicherungslösungen dennoch gelingen kann.

This book is a collection of original essays grouped into four parts under the headings “Greece and European integration,” “Issues in the Methodology of Economics,” “Institutions and the Free Market Economy,” and “Insights for Today from Ancient Greece.” The essays appeal to both researchers in the corresponding fields of knowledge and also to policy makers who are looking for ideas and approaches to confront present day challenges. In particular, given the present state of turmoil in the European Union, the international economy, and democracies in general, most of the essays offer new insights for economic and social policies.

​Dieter Bögenhold beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Fächer der Soziologie und Ökonomik zueinander positioniert sind. Nachdem zu Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts eine strikte Einheit zwischen ihnen bestand, differenzierten und entkoppelten sich die beiden Fächer im Laufe der weiteren Jahrzehnte. Heute sieht es danach aus, als sei dieser Trend zum Stoppen gekommen. Immer stärker reintegriert die Ökonomik wieder Wissensgebiete und Methodiken der Soziologie, aber auch der Psychologie und der Historik. Hierin liegen zweifelsohne auch große Chancen für die Soziologie, die ihre Domänen und Kompetenzen reklamieren muss. Das Buch beinhaltet ein Plädoyer für interdisziplinäre Studien.

The philosophy of science proposes criteria to delineate true science and a theory to explain its progress. As a graduate student under the supervision of Lionel Robbins and Karl Popper, Solo first challenged the viability of those criteria and that theory in relation to economics and the social sciences. Here he explains how the foundations of that philosophy have been eroded through the advent of quantum mechanics and through Kuhn's'Structures of Scientific Revolution', and demonstrates its irrelevance to a social science that would comprehend social reality and contribute to the formation of social policy. He proposes a different mode of perception, and different rules for determining the acceptability of statement, a different language of discourse, and a different structure of organization than presently prevails.

Development economics entail all the aspects of the development process especially meant for the developing countries to overcome the challenges that impede development. This can be through education, education and man power development, restructuring market incentives, incorporating favorable social and political approaches and practices among other factors. Human beings however need streamlined social and economic systems that are able to achieve development through major changes in social structures, national institutions, cultures and attitudes as well as eradication of poverty, reduction of income inequality and acceleration of economic growth. The developing world needs a multi-disciplinary approach and ideas so as to come out of the economic backward situation. Micheal, P describes that because of heterogeneity of the developing world, and the complexity of the development process, development economics must be eclectic, attempting to combine relevant concepts and theories from traditional economics analysis along with new models and broader multi-disciplinary approaches from historical and co temporally development experience of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Debraj Ray puts it that development economics studies economics of the developing world and has made excellent use of economic theory, econometrics, anthropology, sociology, political science, biology and demography. It needs a lot more dimensional approach to understand it.