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In this article were marked main shortcomings in the process of economy-legal ensuring relations in the sphere of health protection. Also were shown specifications of state regulating in this relations, fixed several prior directions of state policy in this sphere., Рассмотрены основные недостатки хозяйственно-правового обеспечения отношений в здравоохранении и определены особенности государственного регулирования этих отношений, сформулированы приоритетные направления реализации государственной социально-экономической политики в указанной сфере., Розглянуто основні недоліки господарсько-правового забезпечення відносин в галузі охорони здоров'я та з'ясовано особливості державного регулювання цих відносин, визначено пріоритетні напрями реалізації державної соціально-економічної політики у даній галузі.

In this article were marked main shortcomings in the process of economy-legal ensuring relations in the sphere of health protection. Also were shown specifications of state regulating in this relations, fixed several prior directions of state policy in this sphere.

Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti buitinių skundų praktikų sovietinėje Lietuvoje, kuri pradėjo plisti nuo XX a. šeštojo dešimtmečio vidurio. Remiamasi Sheilos Fitzpatrick ir keleto kitų istorikų moksline hipoteze, kad skundų ir prašymų autoriai tapdavo tokiais neformalių ekonominių santykių subjektais, kokie sovietinėje blato praktikoje buvo globėjas ir klientas. Ši hipotezė toliau plėtojama pasitelkiant lietuvišką medžiagą. Analizė rodo, kad blatas kaip neformali šešėlinė veikla buvo prieinamas tik privilegijuotiems sovietinės visuomenės nariams, o skundų ir prašymų praktika tapo valdžios įteisinta surogatine blato forma, kuria naudojosi eiliniai (neturintys išskirtinių socialinių ryšių) Lietuvos gyventojai. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjamas skundų ir prašymų pobūdis, turinys ir rašymo priežastys. In Soviet post-war society many letters / complaints which had little to do with ideology or police were written. People who wrote those complaints did not intend to report or Punish anyone. Rather they were concerned only with solving their own everyday life problems and improve it. Purely personal interests of those who wrote letters show that messages like those were simply grievances about everyday life. Often complaints became an officially legal form of blat (connections) and were promoted by those who did not have any strong social connections. Those who used blat resorted to personal connections, while the writers of complaints used official institutions. The authorities in Soviet Lithuania encouraged those who wrote complaints. Soviet citizens who saw some evil in society were urged to address higher institutions of power. The 2 August 1958 resolution passed by the Central Committee of the USSR "On serious shortcomings in dealing with ordinary people's letters, grievances and reports" was to encourage people to complain about social evil. It attracted attention to the importance of the control dealing with grievances. One of the most important party and government chains, which was to ensure people's confidence to write letters was the State Control Committee of the Council of Ministers of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party. Soviet ideologists used written complaints for their own purposes. With the help of the letters received the print journalists were able to paint a picture as though people participated actively in creating laws. Writing complaints formed an egotistic individualism of Soviet men and women. A masterly use of Soviet demagogue and knowledge of its importance in everyday life, as well as the understanding of the practical use of the relationship between the guardian and the client, the writers of complaints identified themselves with the victims who suffered constantly and created an environment of those who needed protection. In the early 1970s complaints and requests became a common practice for many people. Although people suspected who wrote letters to the authorities, there were many more than it seemed.

Lietuvoje (kaip ir visame pasaulyje) yra labai daug įvairių kooperatyvų tipų, kurie turi savo ypatumų, tačiau iki šio! nėra visuotinai pripažintos kooperatyvų klasifikacijos. Dažniausiai jie tik išvardijami, nepaisoma visos kooperatyvų sistemos. Straipsnyje apibūdinta kooperatyvų esme ir jų formos, išnagrinėti įvairūs šalies kooperatyvų veiklos ekonominiai aspektai ir pateikta autorių parengta šiuolaikinių žemės ūkio kooperatyvų klasifikacija, kurios svarbiausias požymis - įvairios paskirties kooperatyvų ir jo narių ekonominiai santykiai. Ši klasifikacija sudaro galimybę orientuotis įvairių kooperatyvų ir sąvokų sistemose, nustatyti ryšius ir dėsningumus, įvertinti kooperatyvų plėtrą, numatyti prioritetus, parengti plėtros strategiją, pasirinkti konkretaus kooperatyvo apskaitos ir atskaitomybės tvarkymo politiką. In Lithuania (as the world over) there are a lot of various types of co-operatives, which have some peculiarities and so the same principles of administration, rules of accounting and accountability can not be applied for them. However, till now there has not existed universally accepted classification of co-operatives. In most cases co-operatives one enumerated without indicating types and sub-types, the total system of co-operatives is ignored. In the paper the authors present the scientific classification of agricultural cooperatives. The main criterion of classification is economic relations between the various types of cooperatives and their members. This classification enables to orient in systems of various types of co-operatives and concepts, to define relations and consistent patterns, to evaluate development of co-operatives, to foresee priorities, to prepare the strategy of development, to choose the policy of accounting and accountability.