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Precision nutrient management is a modern approach for optimizing nutrient supply in fruit crops, ensuring that plants receive the actual amount of essential elements at the right time and place. Traditional nutrient management methods often undergo deficiencies, leading to over-fertilization, uneven distribution of nutrients, environmental pollution, and economic inefficiency. These review paper challenges can be addressed by providing real-time data of soil conditions, plant health and nutrient levels. This strategy depends on advanced technologies such as remote sensing, variable rate technology, fertigation, slow/control release fertilizer, and organic amendments to weave nutrient application to the specific needs of each crop and individual plant within a field. It is emphasized by its potential for plant growth and development, increased crop yield, optimized resource utilization and mitigated environmental concerns. By fine-tuning nutrient application, farmers can achieve better economic returns while promoting sustainable agriculture. Precision nutrient management for fruit crops is characterized by a scarcity of studies exploring the application of advanced technologies and data-driven approaches. There is a need for more in-depth investigation to develop and validate precision nutrient management strategies tailored to the unique requirements of different crops. Closing this research gap will contribute to sustainable and optimized fruit crop production. In conclusion, precision nutrient management represents a paradigm shift in agricultural practices, offering a more sustainable and efficient approach to nutrient application in fruit crops. By untried advanced technologies and data-driven insights, farmers can optimize their resource use, enhance crop performance, and contribute to the long-term sustainability of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a prominent vegetable crop in Asia, confronting persistent threats from pests such as leafhoppers, whiteflies, and shoot and fruit borers. Conventional chemical control methods, despite their adverse ecological effects, remain the primary approach for pest management. Indiscriminate chemical use has led to reduced biodiversity among natural predators and the disruption of food webs in ecosystems. To address these challenges, this study assessed the efficacy of integrated (IM) and biointensive (BM) pest management modules in comparison to conventional chemical methods (CM) for mitigating insect damage to okra leaves and fruits, and subsequently, their impact on okra yield. Our result revealed that the BM exhibited the least effectiveness but outperformed untreated control plots significantly. In contrast, both IM and CM significantly reduced damage from sap-sucking insects and borer pests. Notably, plots treated with the chemical module found decreased populations of natural enemies. The IM demonstrated the lowest fruit infestation rate (5.06%), yielding the highest crop production (8.97 t ha−1), along with the maximum net return (Indian Rupees: 44,245) and incremental cost–benefit ratio (3.31). Thus, the study suggested that the implementation of integrated pest management practices can result in higher okra yields and greater economic benefits. These findings shed light on the potential of sustainable agricultural practices as a safer and more economically viable alternative to chemical-intensive pest control in okra cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are becoming increasingly important and their number of applications in energy systems is constantly increasing. Although batteries cannot solve the problem of electricity storage in the long term, BESS systems have proven to be suitable for short-term provision of flexibility within the day. Their real usability is shaped by the provision of balancing services to ensure a stable supply of electricity in distribution networks. BESS systems were able to respond to the dynamic development of the electricity market in recent years and achieve excellent results from the point of view of economic return. The aim of the contribution is to present the results achieved in selected cases of BESS use and to determine their economic return. The size of the battery (installed power and capacity) is designed to be able to work in individual modes and operating cases. A critical element for the design of the battery size is the technical conditions for the provision of balancing services. On the basis of market research, we determine the costs of acquiring and operating the battery, including the need for a software superstructure for controlling the battery itself and ensuring the necessary business functions. According to the defined criteria, we evaluate the technical operation of the battery located at the point of consumption (behind the meter) using the battery model in several operating cases. Subsequently, we analyse its sales based on the development of market prices and the conditions in which the battery is placed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a prominent vegetable crop in Asia, confronting persistent threats from pests such as leafhoppers, whiteflies, and shoot and fruit borers. Conventional chemical control methods, despite their adverse ecological effects, remain the primary approach for pest management. Indiscriminate chemical use has led to reduced biodiversity among natural predators and the disruption of food webs in ecosystems. To address these challenges, this study assessed the efficacy of integrated (IM) and biointensive (BM) pest management modules in comparison to conventional chemical methods (CM) for mitigating insect damage to okra leaves and fruits, and subsequently, their impact on okra yield. Our result revealed that the BM exhibited the least effectiveness but outperformed untreated control plots significantly. In contrast, both IM and CM significantly reduced damage from sap-sucking insects and borer pests. Notably, plots treated with the chemical module found decreased populations of natural enemies. The IM demonstrated the lowest fruit infestation rate (5.06%), yielding the highest crop production (8.97 t ha−1), along with the maximum net return (Indian Rupees: 44,245) and incremental cost–benefit ratio (3.31). Thus, the study suggested that the implementation of integrated pest management practices can result in higher okra yields and greater economic benefits. These findings shed light on the potential of sustainable agricultural practices as a safer and more economically viable alternative to chemical-intensive pest control in okra cultivation.

اتجهت الجغرافيا التطبيقية المعاصرة في الآونة الأخيرة من العقد الأخير من القرن العشرين ،وخلال العقدين التاليين من القرن الحادي والعشرين إلي الدراسات التطبيقية التي تخدم المجتمع ،حيث تفيد في الأغراض الاقتصادية كمصدر مهم من مصادر الدخل خاصة القطاع الزراعي لرفع مستوي معيشة السكان علي المستوي المحلي، فضلا عن زيادة الدخل القومي للبلاد من خلال مساهمتها في التصدير للخارج لكونها تمثل أحد المحاصيل التصديرية في الحصول علي النقد الأجنبي فقد أصبحت تشكل اسهاما في تجارة مصر الخارجية. ومن هذا المنطلق جاء هذا البحث في الجغرافيا البشرية المعاصرة عامة والاقتصادية خاصة، ليلقي الضوء علي الملاءمة المكانية وأثرها علي إنتاج محصول البطاطس كأحد المحاصيل الغذائية والاستراتيجية والتصنيعية المهمة التي تقوم عليها بعض الصناعات الغذائية. وتسعي هذه الدراسة إلي إلقاء الضوء علي الجوانب الجغرافية المتعلقة بزراعة محصول البطاطس في محافظة المنيا ،لما تحظي به من توافر الملاءمة المكانية لزراعتها مثل البيئة الطبيعية خاصة الظروف المناخية والتربة الخصبة وانعكاساتها علي ارتفاع جدارتها الإنتاجية وغيرها ،فهي تملك إمكانات مكانية مناسبة لنمو البطاطس وتوسع المساحة المزروعة بها، بل زراعتها بمنطقة الدراسة في أكثر من عروة في العام الواحد لملاءمة البيئة الزراعية لها وأهميتها لكونها من محاصيل الأمن الغذائي ،فهي بديل مهم للحبوب التى اتجهت أسعارها في الآونة الأخيرة نحو الارتفاع كما أنها تتميز بالوفرة النسبية في غلة الفدان. ويسلط البحث الضوء علي دراسة تطور مساحة وإنتاج البطاطس وكذلك معرفة الصورة التوزيعية المكانية للبطاطس ، فضلا عن رصد تباين التوزيع المكاني في المساحة والإنتاج علي مستوى مراكز المحافظة ،كما تتطرق الدراسة إلي إقليم تركزها واقتصاديات زراعتها ومعوقاتها وكيفية النهوض بها .AbstractThis is a research in contemporary human geography in general and economic geography in particular that sheds light on spatial suitability and its impact on the production of the potato crop as one of the important food, strategic and industrial crops on which some food industries are based.The study is concerned with shedding light on the geographical aspects related to potato planting in Mina Governorate which is characterized by spatial suitability for planting this crop such as climatic conditions and fertile soil and their effect on increasing productivity, and other factors. Minya Governorate has spatial capabilities suitable for the growth of potatoes and the expansion of the area cultivated with potatoes. In addition, potatoes are grown in the study area in more than one planting session in the year due to the suitability of the agricultural environment for this crop and the importance of this crop since it is one of food safety crops as it is an alternative to grains and it is characterized by relatively abundant yield per acre.The present research also investigates the development of the area and production of potatoes and seeks to identify the distribution of potatoes and survey the variation of spatial distribution in area and production between the towns of the governorate. Moreover, the study addresses the economics of potato planting, its obstacles, and how to promote it in the future, something which will contribute to developing potato planting and increasing its economic return.

Maize-legume intercropping is a sustainable strategy to improve maize production for smallholder farmers. Maize is a staple food crop in Bhutan and integration of legumes with maize has been considered as an alternative option towards enhancing maize production in the country. Here, we conducted two studies in eastern Bhutan: first study (2021) to identify suitable legumes for intercropping with maize and second study (2022) to evaluate the effects of different maize-soybean intercropping patterns on grain yield, land use efficiency, and economic benefits. The maize-soybean intercropping system showed better productivity and economic viability than the kidney bean and groundnut systems in both the sites. Row intercropping and strip intercropping with 2 rows of maize alternating with 2 rows of soybean (2 M:2S) spaced 0.3 × 0.3 m showed stable and consistently higher grain yield at Lingmethang and Wengkhar (LING = 6.05 t ha−1; WENG = 8.37 t ha−1). The land equivalent ratio (LING = 1.78; WENG = 1.73) and net return (0.16 million Nu. ha−1 for LING and 0.21 million Nu. ha−1 for WENG) were notably higher for these intercropping methods. Our results suggest that the integration of legumes between conventional maize planting density, row intercropping and strip intercropping (2 M:2S) spaced at 0.3 × 0.3 m would be beneficial for achieving higher productivity for smallholder farmers in eastern Bhutan.

Maize-legume intercropping is a sustainable strategy to improve maize production for smallholder farmers. Maize is a staple food crop in Bhutan and integration of legumes with maize has been considered as an alternative option towards enhancing maize production in the country. Here, we conducted two studies in eastern Bhutan: first study (2021) to identify suitable legumes for intercropping with maize and second study (2022) to evaluate the effects of different maize-soybean intercropping patterns on grain yield, land use efficiency, and economic benefits. The maize-soybean intercropping system showed better productivity and economic viability than the kidney bean and groundnut systems in both the sites. Row intercropping and strip intercropping with 2 rows of maize alternating with 2 rows of soybean (2 M:2S) spaced 0.3 × 0.3 m showed stable and consistently higher grain yield at Lingmethang and Wengkhar (LING = 6.05 t ha−1; WENG = 8.37 t ha−1). The land equivalent ratio (LING = 1.78; WENG = 1.73) and net return (0.16 million Nu. ha−1 for LING and 0.21 million Nu. ha−1 for WENG) were notably higher for these intercropping methods. Our results suggest that the integration of legumes between conventional maize planting density, row intercropping and strip intercropping (2 M:2S) spaced at 0.3 × 0.3 m would be beneficial for achieving higher productivity for smallholder farmers in eastern Bhutan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest carbon credit project developments throughout the world can contribute to nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change. With Malaysia's large forest endowment, a study was conducted to evaluate the awareness and knowledge among forest owners, and to identify the main constraints faced when venturing into forest carbon credit projects. A total of 75 companies in both forest plantations and natural forests were involved in the study. The results clearly suggest that knowledge and awareness of forest carbon credit projects is relatively low among forest owners. Hence, forest carbon credit projects development in the country is relatively slow and only a few projects have had serious development to the auction phase. The slow uptake of carbon projects is plagued by the low carbon credit price, lack of clarity in the national carbon policy, limited expertise and capability for project development, and the lack of financing mechanisms for project development. Forest owners prefer biomass production and timber production due to the higher economic returns. Against this background, policymakers as well as federal-state initiatives need to address the gaps with the forest carbon credit project development ecosystem, in order to facilitate and realize the full carbon sequestration potential of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a significant cash crop in China. In this study, we investigated the effect of microbial agent application with different rates and application periods on tobacco diseases and soil microorganisms. During the tobacco growing process, the doses of 0, 30 and 60 kg hm-1 were applied at the time of ridging, transplanting and resettling, respectively. 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing techniques were utilized to analyze the microbial communities in tobacco fields. The results indicated that the application of microbials significantly decreased the incidence rate and disease index of Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora nicotianae. Moreover, the application of microbial agents resulted in an increase in the abundance of specific fungi (Basidiomycota) and bacteria (Nitrospirae), while reducing the abundance of other fungi (Blastocladiomycota) and bacteria (Spirochaetes). The optimum application dose of microbial agents at the budding stage was recommended as 60 kg.hm-2 for improving tobacco production and soil health, as well as for increasing the economic value of the tobacco leaves of roasted cigarettes significantly. This study emphasizes soil organic matter and pH as key factors influencing tobacco root microbiota. After microbial fertilizer treatment, the relative abundance of various microorganisms in tobacco rhizosphere soil positively correlated with soil enzyme activity and negatively correlated with soil nutrients, which reflected that tobacco rhizosphere microorganisms were regulated by the combination of soil nutrients and enzyme activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia's sub-humid highlands face a critical challenge in balancing agricultural productivity with land degradation. This study explores the effectiveness of soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) in addressing this challenge. We investigated the interaction effects of types of SWCPs, landscape positions, and location on Teff (Eragrostis teff) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield. In addition, we assessed the economic viability of SWCPs using cost-benefit analysis with farmer-funded and cost-sharing scenarios. The results indicated that yield was significantly affected by the interactions between factors like SWCP type and landscape position. Soil bunds consistently increased crop yield across diverse locations and landscapes, indicating superior erosion control benefits. Lower landscape positions on foot slopes benefited most from SWCP implementation. Teff yield increased by 188 % and wheat yield by 181 % under soil bunds. The cost-benefit analysis confirmed the financial viability of SWCPs, particularly for Teff (NPV = 4499.35 USD, IRR = 50 %, and BCR = 1.51) and wheat (NPV = 544.35 USD, IRR = 16 %, and BCR = 1.06) grown on lower landscapes with farmer-funded investment scenarios. Positive return on investment was observed in both scenarios, with cost-sharing offering greater economic benefits for farmers. These findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to SWC implementation for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by enhancing food security, improving farmer incomes, and promoting sustainable and productive landscape management practices. Future research should explore the long-term sustainability of SWCPs, their adaptation across diverse agroecological zones and landscapes, the incorporation of various crops, the broader socioeconomic impacts, and the development of effective extension programs for wider adoption by farmers.

Forest carbon credit project developments throughout the world can contribute to nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change. With Malaysia’s large forest endowment, a study was conducted to evaluate the awareness and knowledge among forest owners, and to identify the main constraints faced when venturing into forest carbon credit projects. A total of 75 companies in both forest plantations and natural forests were involved in the study. The results clearly suggest that knowledge and awareness of forest carbon credit projects is relatively low among forest owners. Hence, forest carbon credit projects development in the country is relatively slow and only a few projects have had serious development to the auction phase. The slow uptake of carbon projects is plagued by the low carbon credit price, lack of clarity in the national carbon policy, limited expertise and capability for project development, and the lack of financing mechanisms for project development. Forest owners prefer biomass production and timber production due to the higher economic returns. Against this background, policymakers as well as federal-state initiatives need to address the gaps with the forest carbon credit project development ecosystem, in order to facilitate and realize the full carbon sequestration potential of the country.

Double-cropping is an interesting diversification strategy to increase profitability and sustainability. Besides, by including legumes, it may reduce the N inputs dependency. However, its management with flood irrigation can be challenging. The was the evaluation of the impact of two double-cropping and different nitrogen (N) rates on productivity and N dynamics under flood irrigation. Two double-cropping (barley-maize; pea-maize) and three N rates (unfertilized, 0N; medium: MN; high rate, HN) were evaluated in a field experiment located in NE Spain during two years. In barley-maize, N rates were 0, 125 and 250 kg N ha−1, and 0, 200 and 400 kg N ha−1 for barley and maize phases, respectively. In pea-maize, pea did not receive N, and the MN and HN rates in the maize were reduced (150 and 350 kg N ha−1, respectively).Crop productivity and N uptake were evaluated. The economic return and N use efficiency (NUE) were calculated. Soil inorganic N (Nmin) was measured after harvest.The pea-maize double-cropping allowed the saving of N fertilizer without yield penalties. Besides, a pre-crop effect of pea in the maize yield was observed. Regarding the cropping system, pea-maize obtained a higher economic return the first year. Besides, the economic return was higher the first year, due to crop penalties. In general, NUE was greater in 0N, and no differences were observed between fertilized treatments. Soil Nmin after pea/barley was higher the first year, coincident with a higher productivity. After maize harvest, the barley-maize led to larger residual Nmin.Therefore, in this study, pea-maize allowed a reduction in the N rate, showed greater potential to increase the economic return and reduced the N leaching risk. However, crop yield penalties associated with flood-irrigation, indicate that farmers should be aware of facing a more challenging management or consider other irrigation method to ensure profitability.

One-time application of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has the potential to solve the difficulty of top-dressing fertilizer in the cultivation of rice and reduce the cost of CRN fertilizer application. However, its effects on rice dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation and translocation, yield and N-use efficiency (NUE) remain uncertain. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (Mingguang, Chaohu, and Guichi) in the Yangtze River Delta in China to compare the effects of the conventional split applications of urea and the blended CRN and on post-anthesis dry matter and N accumulation and translocation, yield, and NUE in rice at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha-1. The results showed that at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%, mainly due to increase the number of spikelets per panicle. The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha-1, with an NUE of 45.9%. Moreover, in comparison to the conventional N fertilizer, the blended CRN treatment increased pre-anthesis N translocation (Pre-NT) by 1.0-19.8%, and the contribution of pre-NT to grain N by 0.2-8.7%, and NUE by 3.2-28.4%. Meanwhile, the blended CRN treatment reduced labor costs by 1800 Yuan ha-1 and enhanced the economic gains by 21.5-68.8%. Therefore, one-time application of blended CRN ≤ 200 kg N ha-1 application rate improved rice yield, NUE, and economic profit compared to equivalent rates of split applied conventional N fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: With the purpose of exploring the development of new quality productive forces in Guangdong, the present study hypothesized that reducing energy and carbon inputs was beneficial for increasing Guangdong's multi-cropping agricultural energy output and economic returns. Methods: The energy use efficiency of crop production and the corresponding carbon input and agricultural benefit trends from 2011 to 2021 were examined by linear regression analysis for Guangdong Province, China. The corresponding development trends were also predicted using a grey model. Results: The results indicated that the total energy output increased by 12.50%, wherein the energy productivity levels of peanuts, vegetables, mulberry, and fruits increased greatly (51.27–106.17%), while the total energy input and the total carbon input decreased by 12.17% and 6.37%, respectively. Moreover, the energy input per carbon input decreased by 6.19%, while the energy output per carbon input increased by 20.15%. Both energy-related indicators and economic-related indicators all had substantially increased (28.08–44.97% and 83.86–120.91%, respectively). Grey model predictions show that the agricultural output value increased steadily under the current agricultural policy of reducing fossil energy input. Conclusions: The current low-carbon and high-output agricultural model is beneficial for increasing Guangdong's multi-cropping agricultural economic returns and mitigating greenhouse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the relationship between public research and development (R&D) investment and agricultural productivity growth in Chile during the 1964–2017 period. To achieve this objective, we used a combined approach based on accounting and econometric measures. The results indicated that agricultural productivity grew at an annual average rate of 2.11%. Additionally, the empirical findings show a positive and significant relationship between public R&D investment and agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the cost–benefit analysis reveals a high return (15%–21%) to public R&D resources, which may have contributed to enhancing the productivity performance of Chile's agricultural sector. In this regard, our findings suggest that agricultural R&D spending has been profitable in recent decades and that a higher allocation of R&D resources is justifiable. [EconLit Citations: C22, Q14, Q16]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out in Sers El-Layan Research, Station at Menoufia Governorate, Egypt during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons to study the effect of three sowing dates and plant density of lupine intercropped with sugar beet on productivity of sugar beet and lupine. The experiment consisted of three sowing dates of lupine (D1: at the same time with sugar beet, D2 and D3: 21 and 42 days after sowing sugar beet, respectively) and three lupine plant densities 12.5, 25 and 37.5% of its pure stand, respectively + 100% sugar beet. A split-plot design with three replicates was used. The results obtained showed that all studied characters of sugar beet recorded their highest values when lupine intercropped with sugar beet at D3 in both seasons. On the other hand, lupine characters gave the highest values at D2 in both seasons. Treatment of (100% sugar beet +12.5% lupine) gave the highest values for sugar beet characters under study, except TSS% and sucrose% in both seasons. Lupine characters behaved the same trend of sugar beet characters in both seasons, except lupine seed yield was showed with P3 (100% sugar beet +37.5% lupine) in both seasons. Sugar beet yield and chemical characters as well as lupine seed yield were significantly affected by the interaction in both seasons. Treatment of D2xP3 recorded the highest values for LEC increased by 39 and 37% in the first and second seasons, respectively. Increases in economic return were 14870 and 18598 LE. compared with sugar beet alone in the first and second seasons, respectively. It can be concluded that, under Menoufia Government conditions, the maximum land equivalent ratio and economic return were achieved by intercropping of 100% sugar beet + 37.5% lupine after 21 days of planting sugar beet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the long-term association between the productivity of public expenditure and sources of deficit financing using panel data covering five CEMAC member countries for the period 1980 to 2018. Addressing issues of cross-sectional correlation and panel heterogeneity associated with panel data analysis alongside panel cointegration, the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares were employed. The findings reveal that each unit of external debt inflow increases the productivity of government recurrent spending but reduces that of government spending on investment although the effect of loans from domestic banking system is salutary. Debts raised via other sources such as special, excess reserves and privatization renders government investments productive. Thus, borrowings from domestic banking system can be more sustainable and consequently the study suggests that both external donors, policy makers and internal stakeholders, instead of dishing out more credit to CEMAC governments, should focus efforts on improving on the monitoring of such loans that are granted to ensure judicious use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To attract more patients and improve the quality of health services, online health communities (OHCs) have launched a bundling feature that provides patients with a package of two or more existing health services for a discounted price. Existing bundling research has mostly focused on traditional industries, whereas bundled services in the field of professional health and their effects are usually neglected. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of bundling strategy on doctors' online returns in OHCs. We focus on the effects of the launch of bundled services on separate components (doctors' economic return) and online reputation (social return) and study the moderating effects of doctors' characteristics on these returns. Based on analyses using a difference-in-difference model, we find that the launch of bundled services can positively affect doctors' online reputation and part of separate components. A doctor's tenure also moderates the effects of bundled services on doctors' returns. Our study provides several theoretical implications for researchers and practical contributions for OHCs administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of audit regulation has seen an accelerating dynamic in recent years, with the issue of auditor independence increasingly highlighted in the regulations. In Romania, at the level of public institutions, there are, according to the latest reports, vulnerabilities in terms of transparency and the level of cooperation with auditors, manifested by the issuance of qualified audit reports on the basis of events such as the lack of inventory or transparency in the provision of information for audit (failure to issue the audit report). In this context, we proposed to carry out an impact study on the behavior of the statutory auditor in the context of specific regulations and to develop an auditor independence model. The used methods used consist of literature review, econometric modelling and critical impact analysis. The results of the study will highlight the vulnerabilities induced by the level of auditor turnover on the economic performance of public institutions and are useful to decision makers in order to optimize audit practices.

The southern zone of the department of Córdoba Colombia, for more than two decades has been promoting the cultivation of cocoa as a productive alternative in the replacement of illicit crops. There is no evidence of a study documenting the technical and economic characterization of the cocoa production system. The objective of this work was to analyze the production system from a technical and economic point of view. The sample is made up of 158 farmers selected at random. The information included aspects related to this production system in the municipalities of Montelíbano, Puerto Libertador, Tierralta and Valencia. The economic returns were obtained by the technique of the concession with producers with experience. The producers with an average age of 57 years of which 77% are male and 23% are women, about the educational level, basic primary predominates with 54% and 20% not having access to any level of schooling. The production model is that of family farming, average yields are 570 k/ha-1. The average income per year is 5,687,500 $/ha-1 the costs are 5,041,015 COP. per hectare which allows the generation of surpluses. The internal rate of return is 36% higher than the capital opportunity cost. It is concluded that with the local technology the costs are recovered, and generate surpluses for the producer of 1658,984 COP per hectare per year.

IntroductionAfter the crisis caused by Covid-19, among other socioeconomic problems, the fragility of the organizations that make up the Spanish Long-Term Care System was revealed. These events prompted the Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP). The aim of this study is to estimate the socioeconomic impact on Long-Term Care (LTC) of the investment delivered by the RRP. In addition, to fulfil our main aim, a secondary and necessary aim was to calculate the most current social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish economy.MethodsWe analyse the components of the demand linked to the RRP investment allocated to LTC, and subsequently, based on Input–Output methodology, we calculate a social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish economy to estimate the overall economic return.ResultsThe results obtained using the SAM model proposed herein evidence the multiplier effect of the RRP invested in LTC. Every euro allocated to the RRP generates 4 euros in income for Households, Firms and the External Sector, 3.4 euros in industrial output, and returns 0.6 euros in taxes and social contributions to the Government. This also entails creating 26,410 direct and indirect jobs as well as 10,059 induced ones.DiscussionGiven the severe recession scenario triggered by the consequences of COVID-19, the results of this study highlight the significant multiplier effect that RRP investment may generate to alleviate the downturn in the Spanish economy and, more specifically, in the Spanish LTC System.

Two of the most significant issues confronting arid and semi-arid countries are soil degradation and the need to reclaim sandy soils and improve their properties to enhance the agricultural area and ensure food security. Many attempts to improve sandy soil properties have been attempted using soil amendments, but further research is needed to explore the combined impact of cost-effective amendments. To that purpose, we investigated the impact of various soil amendments, including single and combination applications of synthetic Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP), compost, and biochar, on sandy soil physiochemical characteristics and bean (Vicia faba L.) production and quality throughout three growing seasons. In a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment, different treatments such as control (without application), lower dose of SAP (SAP1), higher dose of SAP (SAP2), biochar, compost, SAP1 plus biochar, SAP1 plus compost, SAP2 plus biochar, SAP2 plus compost, and biochar plus compost were used. The combined treatments, such as SAP2 plus biochar (T8), SAP2 plus compost (T9), and biochar plus compost (T10), improved soil physiochemical characteristics and crop production significantly. Application of T10 decreased soil bulk density by 15%, 17%, and 13% while increasing soil available water by 10%, 6%, and 3% over the first, second, and third growing seasons, respectively, compared to untreated soil (T1). The application of treatment (T9) surpassed other treatments in terms of yield, quality, and economic return, significantly increasing the seed yield by 24%, 26%, and 27% for the first, second, and third season compared with untreated soil. The higher rate of polymer combined with compost could be considered a cost-effective soil amendment to improve sandy soil productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objectives were to determine the appropriate level of dried cassava top (DCT) in total mixed ration (TMR) based on production performance and carcass characteristics of fattening Charolais crossbred steers. Materials and Methods: Fifteen fattening Charolais crossbred steers were randomly assigned to a randomized complete block design with initial body weight to receive three treatments, including without DCT, 15% DCT, and 30% DCT in TMR, on a dry matter (DM) basis. The production trial lasted 120 days; then, the fattened steers were slaughtered to study the carcass characteristics. Results: The in vitro gas production from the immediately soluble fraction of TMR containing 30% DCT was higher than the others (p < 0.05). However, in vitro DM and organic matter degradability were not significantly different among treatments. Feed intake, final weight, feed cost per gain, and carcass characteristics such as warm carcass percentage, marbling score, and loin eye area of feedlot steers were not affected by the inclusion of DCT in TMR. Although steers fed TMR containing 15% DCT had body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio lower than the control (p < 0.05); however, the use of DCT at 30% DM in TMR reduced the feed cost of feedlot beef production (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Using local ingredients such as cassava tops can increase profit margins for farmers without sacrificing product quality, but they must closely look at growth performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to make and compare the effects and economic viability of lick stones based on local feedstuffs and imported ones. Materials and Methods: Two-lick stones (minerals and multi-nutritional) based on local feedstuffs were made. An imported lick stone (ILS) was purchased at a local market. Four dietary treatments (the three different lick stones and a control group) were established, with six dwarf sheep receiving each treatment. The experiment was carried out over 90 days. Growth and economic parameters were calculated and compared. Results: The feed intake of sheep in the multi-nutritional lick stone group was better than that of the other groups. The feed conversion ratio was best for the lick stones made with local feedstuffs. The economic return (economic feed efficiency) was best for the mineral lick stone. For a unit of money invested in the feed supplements, the sheep fed with lick stone based on local feedstuffs have been allowed to gain 100.21 basic monetary unit of some West African countries more than the ones fed with imported feeds (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is not desirable to use ILS because the economic and growth performance of sheep fed with the ILS was even lower than that of the non-supplemented sheep. [Vet. Res. Notes 2023; 3(4.000): 22-28]

Background: With the purpose of exploring the development of new quality productive forces in Guangdong, the present study hypothesized that reducing energy and carbon inputs was beneficial for increasing Guangdong’s multi-cropping agricultural energy output and economic returns. Methods: The energy use efficiency of crop production and the corresponding carbon input and agricultural benefit trends from 2011 to 2021 were examined by linear regression analysis for Guangdong Province, China. The corresponding development trends were also predicted using a grey model. Results: The results indicated that the total energy output increased by 12.50%, wherein the energy productivity levels of peanuts, vegetables, mulberry, and fruits increased greatly (51.27–106.17%), while the total energy input and the total carbon input decreased by 12.17% and 6.37%, respectively. Moreover, the energy input per carbon input decreased by 6.19%, while the energy output per carbon input increased by 20.15%. Both energy-related indicators and economic-related indicators all had substantially increased (28.08–44.97% and 83.86–120.91%, respectively). Grey model predictions show that the agricultural output value increased steadily under the current agricultural policy of reducing fossil energy input. Conclusions: The current low-carbon and high-output agricultural model is beneficial for increasing Guangdong’s multi-cropping agricultural economic returns and mitigating greenhouse effects.

The conduct of a field trial in the 2021-2022 cropping season assessed the economic feasibility and effect of using locally produced microbial biofertilizers on the growth and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The manures of Providencia vermicola, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Raoultella planticola served as sample treatments in the study. The research was in a randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Experiment and Research Station (31°20'19"N 45°17'20"E), College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. Microbial fertilizers were the first factor, with the second factor comprising two levels of mineral fertilizers, i.e., a) no chemical fertilizer and b) using half of the recommended chemical fertilizer, addressing the interactions between biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, having a two-factor experiment. Field results showed that triple biofertilization consisting of A. faecalis, R. planticola, and P. vermicola proved superior based on grain yield and biomass using half of the recommended fertilizer (P7) (8.038 t ha-1 and 24.938 t ha-1). In turn, the economic analysis results were consistent with the technical outcomes, as treatment P7 recorded the highest profit amounting to USD 483.625 ha-1. In addition to recording the highest revenue per ha at the rate of 6.2477, treatment P7 for the level of fertilization F1 recorded the maximum level, amounting to about USD 144.284, 165,298.65, and 48,362.5 ha-1 for the criteria of the invested USD return, productive profitability, and added value, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

URING the 2018 and 2019 seasons, field trials were conducted at Farmer's Field in EL-Borulls district, Kafr Elsheikh Governorate, Egypt. to investigate and evaluate the impact of three irrigation regimes—irrigating tomato plants at 100% (I1), 85% (I2), and 70% (I3) of ETc—as well as three organo-mineral noitrzrlitref treatments—F1 (100% RNPK + 33% of recommended poultry manure (R.P.M.)), F2 (75% RNPK + 50% of R.P.M.), and F3 (50% RNPK + 60% of R.P.M) – on tomato fruit yields, quality, some water relations and economic return. Results revealed that both I2 and F2 treatments in both seasons produced the most fruit of tomato and its components. When comparing the two seasons as a whole, irrigation with (I2) increased fruit output by (4.12%) compared to irrigation with (I1), while the comparable value with (F2) increased fruit yield by (10.21%) compared to that with (F1). The combination of (I3F3) produced the highest levels of TSS, %, vitamin C, and acidity, % during both seasons. Furthermore, maximum productivity of irrigation water and water savings, % were discovered with (I3) during both seasons. The combination of (I2F2) produced the highest levels of economic efficiency and net return, whereas the combination of (I3F2) in the two seasons, achieved the highest net return from a water unit. It is possible to conclude that the most effective method for increasing the economic fruit output and quality of tomatoes while conserving both water and mineral fertilizers is the combination of (I2F2) or (I2F3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry direct seeding (DDS) is a water saving rice cultivation technology. The sowing of dry direct seeded rice in boro season is generally delayed when grown under the T. aman rice - Rabi crops - DDS boro rice pattern. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of sowing date and irrigation schedule on growth and yield of DDS boro rice. The experiment used two sets of treatments (a) two sowing dates viz. 22 February and 13 March; and (b) six irrigation regimes viz. no irrigation, one irrigation at 25% Field Capacity (FC), two irrigations at 25% FC and 1 week after (WA) 25% FC, three irrigations at 25% FC, 1WA 25% FC and 2 WA 25% FC, four irrigations at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC and one irrigation at 3 weeks after 25% FC and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications allocating sowing dates into the main plot and irrigation schedule into the subplots. BRRI dhan58 was used as test crop. The result showed that grain yield of the crop did not differ significantly for sowing on 13 March and 22 February. The study revealed that BRRI dhan58 sown on 13 March with four irrigations applied at 25% FC, 1 WA 25% FC, 2 WA 25% FC and 3 WA 25% FC produced the highest economic return and hence it is concluded that the sowing date of boro rice could be delayed up to 13 March with four irrigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to gravity flow systems, pressurized drip irrigation provides more efficient control of the amount of water applied, better irrigation uniformity, and a higher initial capital and operation costs. Hence, an economic analysis is required to determine its profitability over a projected time period. Field experiments were conducted in Afaka (Kaduna, Nigeria), during two dry seasons of 2018 and 2019 to determine the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the yield, crop water productivity, and projected economic returns of UC 82B tomatoes under pressurized drip irrigation. The economic returns were evaluated using the benefit-cost ratio, net present values, and payback period analyses. The highest fresh fruit yield (19.0 t/ha) was obtained in the full irrigation treatment (T1), while the highest crop water productivity (4.94 kg/m3 ) was obtained in the deficit treatment with full irrigation at the vegetative and flowering stages followed by 60% of reference evapotranspiration at maturity (T7). The project was found to be profitable over the projected years, with benefit-cost ratios of 1.90 and 1.69; payback periods of 2.7 and 3.2 years for T1 and T7, respectively. The full irrigation of tomatoes was therefore found to be more economical than deficit irrigation in the area, with water not being considered as a limiting factor in terms of costs. Gravity drip irrigation was recommended to reduce the pumping cost of irrigation and thereby increase the profit margin.

Micronutrient deficiency (manganese, copper, zinc, iron and boron) appears to have become more prevalent in crops in recent years. A field experiment was carried out to examine the response of application of foliar commercial micro-nutrients mixture Uni Micropower? (zinc 4.7%, iron 2%, manganese 2%, boron 1.0% and copper 0.3%) on wheat in 2015-16. Treatments included, control and Uni Micropower spray at tillering, jointing, booting, milking, tillering + jointing, tillering + booting, tillering + milking, jointing + booting, jointing + milking, booting + milking, tillering + jointing + booting, tillering + jointing + milking, tillering + booting + milking and tillering + jointing + booting + milking stage. The results indicated that treatments significantly enhanced plant height, grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain protein and carbohydrate contents. The maximum grain yield, quality and economic return were recorded when Uni Micropower sprays were applied at tillering, jointing, booting and milking stage. In conclusion, Uni Micropower foliar spray is helpful to improve the quality and production of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining land productivity is a major problem constraining banana (Musa spp.) production in Tanzania. Banana fruit yield consequently reaches only 15% of the potential, primarily due to inadequate soil nutrient replenishment. Improving farmers' soil nutrient replenishment strategy in banana home gardens, which relies on applications of cattle manure only, by mixing with inorganic fertilizer resources can increase land productivity and can improve the overall profitability of banana production in the country. Experiments were conducted at Tarakea, Lyamungo, and Tengeru to determine the effects of organic fertilizer resources (animal manure and crop residue) and their combination with inorganic fertilizer resources on the productivity and profitability of Mchare banana production. Banana fruit yield differed significantly among the experimental sites, with drier areas of Tengeru recording, on average, 19.6 t ha−1 year−1, while the more humid areas of Lyamungo recorded, on average, 39.3 ha−1 year−1. Mchare banana plants grown under sole inorganic fertilizer produced significantly low yields (33.0 t ha−1 year−1) compared with those fertilized with cattle manure only, which lifted the yields to 38.8 t ha−1 year−1, but the latter required more labor input. Soil nitrogen (N) fertilization via cattle manure + mineral fertilizer gave the highest average banana fruit yield (43.0 t ha−1 year−1) across the sites, and reduced fertilization costs by 32%. Subsequently, this integrated fertilization technique generated the highest average net benefits in all sites and both cropping cycles. Thus, the findings of this study form a basis to improve land productivity and profitability in banana-based home gardens in the study area by directing more labor input to good soil N management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the impact of corn residue-derived biochar on soil organic matter (SOM), soil nutrients, corn yield and partial factor productivity of synthetic fertilizer in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia of China. Three rates of biochar, 15 (B15), 30 (B30) and 45 (B45) t ha−1, and a non-biochar control (B0) were applied to a corn field one time at the first crop growing season under film-mulched with drip-irrigation. Relative to B0, the B30 led to a significant increase in SOM at top 30 cm soil layer (15.3%) and partial factor productivity of fertilizers (12.8%) as averaged across 3 years. Amendment in B30 also increased the available nutrients in the soil (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), corn yield and economic benefit. In contrast, the first year showed the largest improvements for corn yield and economic benefit for B30, followed by the second year and the third year. The corn grain yield has potentially increased when the SOM and the available phosphorus were increased when compared to the available nitrogen and potassium. A single biochar amendment at the rate of 30 t ha−1 can be adequate for the corn production in 3 years under dry climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the impact of education as the most important human capital endowment in the context of migration, religion, gender and ethnic identity from a demographic perspective. It presents research-based evidence to address such key research questions as whether and how significantly women's education provides equal benefit in the labour market for individuals, based on their migration status, religion, and ethnic identity. The field of this study is the multi-ethnic and multicultural context of Australia with a wide range of ethnic and religious groups of migrants from throughout the world. Preliminary results show that labour market achievement is positively and significantly associated with the educational attainment of individuals, irrespective of their migration status, religious affiliation and ethnicity. However, more comprehensive analysis from comparative perspectives reveals that the positive economic return of education is higher for natives (compared with migrants), for ethnic migrants from developed regions of origin (compared with those from less developed regions of origin) and for non-Muslims (compared with Muslims). The article provides two plausible explanations for these patterns. The first refers to the lack of recognition of overseas qualifications and to the devaluation of foreign education that particularly applies to ethnic migrants from less developed regions. The second relates to disadvantage through structural discrimination against migrants, particularly when their cultural and religious identity, such as Islamic names and dress codes, are distinctively displayed. In sum, this analysis presents further research-based evidence to go beyond the human capital theory in order to explain more appropriately the economic return of women's education in the context of religion and migration from a demographic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment in family planning (FP) provides returns through a lifetime. Global evidence shows that FP is the second-best buy in terms of return on investment after liberalizing trade. In this study, we estimate the cumulative benefits of FP investments for India from 1991 to 2016 and project them up to 2061 with four scenarios of fertility levels. The findings suggest that India will have greater elasticity of FP investments to lifetime economic returns compared to the world average (cost–revenue ratio of 1:120). We have taken four scenarios for the goalpost, viz., 2.1, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.4. Although different scenarios of total fertility rate (TFR) levels at the goalpost (i.e., the year 2061) offer varied lifetime returns from FP, scenario TFR < 1.8 will be counterproductive and will reduce the potential benefits. With a comprehensive approach, if the country focuses more on improving the quality of FP services and on reducing the unmet need for FP to enhance reproductive health care and expand maximum opportunities for education and employment for both women and men, it can improve its potential to reap more benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associated gas is a viable source of fuel for industrial gas turbines. Flaring of this fuel resource has not only resulted in environmental pollution and deterioration but also huge energy and economic loss. TURBOMATCH, a Cranfield University performance simulation software was used in modeling a hypothetical but realistic 296MW reheat gas turbine engine.The study was carried out using one clean fleet and three degraded fleets – the optimistic, medium, and pessimistic. Optimization of the fleet compositions and thermal efficiencies were achieved using Genetic algorithm. Detailed operations and maintenance costs analysis for the various fleets were carried out. .Results from the optimization show the optimized fleet compositions, from the various fleets and their turbine entry temperatures for 20 years life span of the project. the result from the 11th to the 20th year of the project, only one unit of engine was left due to engine divestment. Results of the optimized efficiencies for all the fleets show a gradual reduction in optimized efficiencies over the years of the project. Similarly, for all the scenarios considered, from the 11th to the 20th year of the project, with only one unit of engine left, the optimized efficiency trend is observed to be Clean > Optimistic > Medium > Pessimistic.Results from the fleets operations and maintenance costs show that the clean, optimistic, medium, and pessimistic degraded fleets have total operations and maintenance costs to be 1.224, 1.242, 1.265, and 1.297 billion US dollars respectively. Engine degradation resulted to 1.4%, 3.3%, and 5.9% increase in the operations and maintenance costs of the optimistic, medium, and pessimistic degraded fleets respectively.The results, approach and methodology presented in this paper would be a very useful decision-making tool for investors and governments who would want to invest in the economic utilization of associated gas using gas turbines.

This study evaluates the existing situation of the water energy and food resource interaction using an indicator-based approach and optimizes the resource use in the Karnafuli River Basin. A water allocation model based on an optimization tool, LINDO 6.1, with an objective function to maximize the economic return, is developed to allocate water to different water use sectors (domestic, agriculture, energy, industry, and environment) in the basin. It is observed that 14.58 m3 of water is required to generate 1 kWh of energy in Kaptai hydropower plant, while 4500 m3 of water is consumed to produce 1 ton of crops in the basin. Due to improper management, around 12,500 ha of land under the Karnafuli Irrigation Project remains un-irrigated, which can be cultivated with high-yield Boro crop. Results show that by prioritizing the agriculture sector, a maximum economic return of US$ 30.3 million can be obtained; however, with this only 55% of the satisfaction level is achieved for the environment sector. Systematic and integrated management of the resources is required in Karnafuli Basin for socioeconomic and sustainable development.

Depleting of soil fertility, soil organic matter, macro-and micro-nutrients and crop nutrient imbalances are among the primary biophysical limitations that reduce the production of teff. The experiment was conducted to evaluate teff response to blended fertilizer types and rates in Debub Ari and Bena Tsemay districts. Control, Recommended NP, 3 dosages of NPS and NPSB blended fertilizer rates each were used that is laid out in RCBD following three replication. The full dose of blended and P fertilizers was applied at planting and urea was applied in two splits. The result was revealed that application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB + 127 kg ha-1 Urea resulted in the highest grain yield of 2299.5 kg ha-1 in Debub Ari and 200 kg ha-1 NPS + 117 kg ha-1 Urea gives 1809.2 kg ha-1 in Bena Tsemay, while the lowest grain yield was recorded from the nil in both districts. However, the highest economic return was obtained in response to the application of 64 kg ha-1 N + 20 kg ha-1 P in both districts. Application of 64 kg ha-1 N + 20 kg ha-1 P gives 57.24% and 14.42% yield increment in Debub Ari and Bena Tsemay, respectively; also 54.47% and 7.57% increment in economic return in Debub Ari and Bena Tsemay in the same order over the control. Application of 64 kg ha-1 N + 20 kg ha-1 P was recommended for the production of teff on the study area and similar agro-ecologies, as it was optimum for improving teff production. Further investigation should be done on plant nutrient uptake and using efficiency and grain quality.

Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The level of audit regulation has seen an accelerating dynamic in recent years, with the issue of auditor independence increasingly highlighted in the regulations. In Romania, at the level of public institutions, there are, according to the latest reports, vulnerabilities in terms of transparency and the level of cooperation with auditors, manifested by the issuance of qualified audit reports on the basis of events such as the lack of inventory or transparency in the provision of information for audit (failure to issue the audit report). In this context, we proposed to carry out an impact study on the behavior of the statutory auditor in the context of specific regulations and to develop an auditor independence model. The used methods used consist of literature review, econometric modelling and critical impact analysis. The results of the study will highlight the vulnerabilities induced by the level of auditor turnover on the economic performance of public institutions and are useful to decision makers in order to optimize audit practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic biodegradable wastes (DBW) pose a threat to environmental quality and human health. Bioconversion via black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermitia illucens L.) is an expedient way for converting 'waste to resource' (insect protein and biofertilizer). Although researches abounded in laboratory-reared experiments and bioconversion mechanisms were pertinent, the void of data from actual and full-scale operation restricts the intensification of BSFL technology and its global adoption. Hence, a full-scale BSFL bioconversion system lasting 4 years in Hangzhou (China) was investigated, and the feasibility and efficiency of 15 tonnes of DBW per day were studied. Through continuous technical optimization, the average production of fresh larvae was increased from 8.5% in 2017 to 15.3% in 2020, along with bioconversion rate of final vermicompost decreased from 35.4% to 14.5%. The total biomass reduction rate in 2020 was 68.7 ± 17.4 kg/(m3 d), equivalent to 0.735 ± 0.215 kg/(kg d) in the form of fresh larvae. Crude fat in fresh larvae accounted for 13.4%, and crude protein accounted for 16.2% in which the determined amino acid profile bore a strong resemblance to fish meal only except histidine and tyrosine. Its economic benefits proved the feasibility of this technology, and the profit reached up to 35.9 US$ per tonne of DBW in 2019. In conclusion, BSFL bioconversion system under current 'insect-farm' operation was a promising solution for DBW treatment with value-added waste recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]