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Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research analyzes the intelligence strategies employed by the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) in Indonesia to combat the evolving landscape of smuggling in the era of Industry 4.0. The study aims to identify and analyze current intelligence practices and subsequently formulate effective strategies for early detection, prevention, and suppression of smuggling activities. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study utilizes NVivo 14 software to analyze data gathered from relevant sources. The findings reveal a significant increase in the complexity of smuggling operations, characterized by the involvement of transnational organized crime syndicates, sophisticated trade-based money laundering schemes, and the exploitation of electronic commerce (ecommerce) platforms. Despite these challenges, the research indicates that customs intelligence has not been fully maximized as a tool for economic security. Therefore, this study proposes the adoption of a dynamic and adaptive customs intelligence strategy. This strategy encompasses crucial aspects such as strengthening legal frameworks, optimizing organizational structure, enhancing human resource capabilities, and modernizing intelligence facilities and infrastructure. With implementing these recommendations, the DGCE can optimize the role of customs intelligence in safeguarding national economic security and effectively enforcing customs and excise laws in the face of increasingly sophisticated smuggling threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines how economic intelligence is used to fight organised crime and tax fraud and its potential to aid counterterrorism. The aim is to demonstrate the vital role that economic intelligence plays in counterterrorism operations. This study focuses on locating and dismantling financial networks that support terrorism through economic intelligence techniques, namely the examination of commercial front organisations. It also evaluates the effectiveness of economic intelligence tactics employed against tax fraud and organised crime and their relevance to counterterrorism through comparative research and case studies. Recent regulatory developments aimed at limiting the funding of terrorism through cultural artefacts highlight the importance of this research for NATO. By detecting and disrupting terrorist networks that take advantage of cultural heritage, economic intelligence could improve NATO's counterterrorism efforts. It looks at front organisations' more significant effects on aiding terrorist acts, including information about their funding and operational techniques. Findings imply that economic intelligence offers essential instruments for anticipating shifts, controlling risks, and creating effective counterterrorism plans. To handle the changing picture of terrorist financing, this article highlights the need for sophisticated analytical approaches and suggests expanding the role of economic intelligence within counterterrorism frameworks. To effectively attack the financial underpinnings of terrorist actions, the report concludes by advocating for an integrated approach to counterterrorism that combines economic intelligence and encourages policymakers and law enforcement agencies to adopt and enhance these tactics. This study lays the groundwork for future efforts to impede terrorist organisations' financial activities while supporting NATO's objectives of safeguarding cultural heritage and enhancing global security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moroccan soft power in sub-Saharan Africa stands out after an absence that lasted three decades. Today, this soft power is only the extension of South-South solidarity and win-win cooperation with the aim of strengthening economic, diplomatic and social relations giving Moroccan companies access to a market of 1.2 billion people. Individually the countries of sub-Saharan Africa are small, these countries must work together to be more visible on the international scene. In this article, we are going to try to highlight the different aspects of Moroccan economic diplomacy in sub-Saharan Africa, going through the study of the Moroccan Sahara file and finally by studying a concrete example of the OCP as a leader on the African continent.

Nowadays, information has become a critical value-added resource for all companies that want to maintain their stability and sustainability for as long as possible, because the environment in which they evaluate is increasingly characterized by a constantly increasing and intensifying complexity and competitiveness. As a result, companies must explore innovative techniques for gathering relevant information; that facilitates their management while also enabling them to support and implement their strategic orientations. The current study intends to investigate the relationships between two crucial concepts for contemporary companies: economic intelligence as a strategy for information acquisition and diversification as an approach to strategic planning. As an empirical field, we performed our research using industrial companies in the Algerian pharmaceutical sector. The findings indicate the presence of effects between the adoption of diversification and economic intelligence practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Economic intelligence, is an attitude about the ability to learn and use money that is essential to survival and success in 21st-century life. Economic intelligence leads to increased problem-solving and critique, adaptability, information analysis and entrepreneurship, while a vacuum lead to financial problems and economic pressures, confusion, frustration and depression, and socio-economic problems. Although the phenomenological discovery and understanding and the lived experience of experts lead to the identification of potential factors, but there is a research gap in the field of application of this method in the target society. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of the living experience of experts in economic intelligence in the form of a phenomenological study. The study population of the present study included all professors of industrial psychology, financial management, economics and educational psychology and psychometrics in free and public universities with more than 5 years of teaching experience as well as some of the top entrepreneurs. 17 people (10 professors and 7 top entrepreneurs) were selected based on the principle of saturation and using purposive sampling method (theoretical sampling) and according to the inclusion criteria And Colouzi method was used to analyze the interview data. Methods: The method of the present study is descriptive phenomenological in terms of the basic purpose and the nature of the qualitative data. The study population of the present study included all professors of industrial psychology, financial management, economics and educational psychology and psychometrics in free and public universities with more than 5 years of teaching experience as well as some of the top entrepreneurs. 17 people (10 professors and 7 top entrepreneurs) were selected based on the principle of saturation and using purposive sampling method (theoretical sampling) and according to the inclusion criteria. The participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the interview data, thematic analysis method was used. Results: After thematic extraction and classification, the findings included 5 main themes (entrepreneurial spirit, positive attitude, appropriate financial behavior, empiricism, role modeling) and 21 sub-themes. The relationship between these main and secondary topics is given in the main article. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be said that items such as self-confidence, knowledge acquisition, positive thinking, entrepreneurial thinking, punctuality, prudent investment, creativity, time management, strategic planning, gaining experience and paying attention to opportunities for progress and interaction with entrepreneurs are components. These are important aspects of economic intelligence, and people's awareness of these components can contribute to their economic success and progress.

The use of strategic intelligence has become critical, and the skills for its management and application are of great relevance in terms of defining management strategies and decisions, and complementary to the use of technology tools. Establishment of Strategic Human Intelligence Agency and exploiting it for the information superiority in the operations of business and corporate affairs is the latest pursuit of those seeking competitive advantages. In strategic essence, human intelligence is used for expeditions in corporate arenas though its existence remains seamless and concealed to the core team and the agency is always stringently controlled. Exploring Strategic Human Intelligence systematics seems to be a holy grail as the intelligence gatherings are fundamentally cognitive and highly valued in all domains of business. It is recognized as the crucial resource that contributes to overall leverage for any organization. Thus, making it a factor of strategic importance and its management is therefore far too important to be left to chance. Intelligence agency management is the explicit and systematic management of intelligence and associated processes i.e. establishing, gathering, extracting, organizing, distributing, applying, securing, and exploiting it. The concept of competitive intelligence, economic intelligence, business intelligence etc are all based on the core fundamentals of intelligence science and factually the corner stone in today's knowledge-based economies. This research initiative attempts to perform the viability analysis of Strategic Human Intelligence for competitive advantage in the corporate world. This research effort also tries to identify the decision parameters for ascertaining the need of establishing Strategic Human Intelligence agency within and outside corporate organizations for superiority in all strategic intends and preempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moroccan soft power in sub-Saharan Africa stands out after an absence that lasted three decades. Today, this soft power is only the extension of South-South solidarity and win-win cooperation with the aim of strengthening economic, diplomatic and social relations giving Moroccan companies access to a market of 1.2 billion people. Individually the countries of sub-Saharan Africa are small, these countries must work together to be more visible on the international scene. In this article, we are going to try to highlight the different aspects of Moroccan economic diplomacy in sub-Saharan Africa, going through the study of the Moroccan Sahara file and finally by studying a concrete example of the OCP as a leader on the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to identify the role of the economic intelligence strategy and attract Asian investment and focus on its role in stimulating and encouraging the attraction of Asian investment, as a means to promote various economic sectors and make them a source of added value outside the hydrocarbon sector, within the framework of Algeria's efforts to get out of the circle of a sustainable rentier economy, by relying on providing information to economic operators at the local and foreign levels. Arab Investment Guarantee and Export Guarantee Corporation and reports of the National Investment Development Agency This study found that the economic intelligence strategy is an important tool by monitoring a number of Asian investments distributed over various sectors of the country's economic activity, thus forming a link between local investors and Asian investors within the database that brings together their interests in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Economic intelligence, is an attitude about the ability to learn and use money that is essential to survival and success in 21st -century life. Economic intelligence leads to increased problem -solving and critique, adaptability, information analysis and entrepreneurship, while a vacuum lead to financial problems and economic pressures, confusion, frustration and depression, and socio -economic problems. Although the phenomenological discovery and understanding and the lived experience of experts lead to the identification of potential factors, but there is a research gap in the field of application of this method in the target society. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of the living experience of experts in economic intelligence in the form of a phenomenological study. The study population of the present study included all professors of industrial psychology, financial management, economics and educational psychology and psychometrics in free and public universities with more than 5 years of teaching experience as well as some of the top entrepreneurs. 17 people (10 professors and 7 top entrepreneurs) were selected based on the principle of saturation and using purposive sampling method (theoretical sampling) and according to the inclusion criteria And Colouzi method was used to analyze the interview data. Methods: The method of the present study is descriptive phenomenological in terms of the basic purpose and the nature of the qualitative data. The study population of the present study included all professors of industrial psychology, financial management, economics and educational psychology and psychometrics in free and public universities with more than 5 years of teaching experience as well as some of the top entrepreneurs. 17 people (10 professors and 7 top entrepreneurs) were selected based on the principle of saturation and using purposive sampling method (theoretical sampling) and according to the inclusion criteria. The participants were interviewed through a semi -structured interview. In order to analyze the interview data, thematic analysis method was used. Results: After thematic extraction and classification, the findings included 5 main themes (entrepreneurial spirit, positive attitude, appropriate financial behavior, empiricism, role modeling) and 21 sub -themes. The relationship between these main and secondary topics is given in the main article. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be said that items such as self-confidence, knowledge acquisition, positive thinking, entrepreneurial thinking, punctuality, prudent investment, creativity, time management, strategic planning, gaining experience and paying attention to opportunities for progress and interaction with entrepreneurs are components. These are important aspects of economic intelligence, and people's awareness of these components can contribute to their economic success and progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Managerial Researshes is the property of Faculty of Economic Sciences, Commercial & Managerial Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FORUM is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quality of decision-making depends on a set of ad hoc information; Economic intelligence recognizableas the use of information for strategic decision making. From this point of view, it can be considered as a process covering two scientific fields; information systems and decision-making. Theorganization is forced to look for the best ones which meet its needs. The control of information that allows anticipation and influence becomes a strategic issue, representing a source of competitive advantages. Obtaining such an advantage is not the result of an accumulation of information, however the ability of an economic intelligence system to acquire the right strategic information and make it available to the actors, at the right time, in order to make a high-quality decisions. Consequently Decision-makers need an appropriate approach qualified to protect pertinent strategic information in order to have a first-class position of their organizations in a competitive environment. The objective of this summary article is to propose a theoretical model through focusing on the point of view of the actors of organizations, which is part of the socioeconomic approach and which explains the process through which the economic intelligence systems contribute to the strategic decision-making process.

The aim of the research is to explore the natural predisposition of the world's nations to implement an effective and efficient Economic Intelligence strategy, through the calculation of an index that measures the country's position in the network of international relations. Economic Intelligence is a new discipline introduced by scholars in order to support the national governments through new information bases designed to succeed in the complex economic environment following the development of globalization. Given that a central role in the international economic relations' network provides a privileged position for acquiring information useful for supporting the logical aspects of strategic planning, a country with such a role has a natural predisposition to develop a successful Economic Intelligence strategy. Thus, the subject of the research focuses on analysing that predisposition by measuring the significance of the position occupied by a country in the global trade network. For that purpose, the methodology of the Social Network Analysis is used. The assumption is that by calculating the Economic Intelligence Index, that is a weighted average of the main centrality indexes related to each country within the global trade network, it is possible to measure a national entity's inclination to developing a sound Economic Intelligence strategy. The basic conclusion of the article highlights that, notwithstanding the fact that a prominent role in the global trade network is occupied by the major countries in terms of commercial importing value, other countries characterized by a significant Economic Intelligence Index could be in a position to develop a successful Economic Intelligence strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of International Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the present article is to explore and investigate on the nature of the web of relations of the main Italian banks, on the basis of the evolution of the career paths of their relative members of the Board of Directors. The practical implications of the study is associated with the fact that there is a stronger attention by the national and international financial authorities, such as the European Central Bank (ECB) and the National Competent Authorities (NCAs), about the governance in the banks and the theoretical background and practical abilities of the senior management to assume a specific role in a financial institution. That condition determines a situation in which a member of the board of a European bank tends to have previous job experiences from other financial institutions, which can be used as informal liaisons to gathering information and disseminate knowledge, thus shaping the whole banking infrastructure. For that reason, due to the significant consequences of that bond of relations in shaping the entire financial system, the subject of the research consists in trying to measure the Economic Intelligence aptitudes of the most significant Italian banks, which derives from personal relationships constructed and developed by the senior management of the financial intermediaries in their previous job experiences. The novelty of the present article consists in conducting an Economic Intelligence analysis within the Italian banking system. Methodology. By calculating the main centrality indexes (among those offered by the Social Network Analysis discipline) related to each Italian bank within the global banking network constructed on the basis of personal relationships among the relative members of the Board of Directors, it is possible to measure a financial institution’s inclination to have a sort of “influence” in the system, and in the process, to adopt a potential sound and proper Economic Intelligence strategy. The basic result of the paper highlights that, notwithstanding the dimension of a financial institution in the network, a bank could be characterized by significant centrality indexes in a web of social relations, thus having the potential capability to have a certain influence and impact within the entire banking network. In other words, the size of the bank, expressed for example as number of branches, total assets or number of employees, is not the only element to express the capacity of a bank to play a pivotal role in the financial system.

Selection of managers for the health care organizations is an important issue that should be taken into consideration by health policy makers based on meritocracy. Managerial intelligence is one of the concepts considered in the selection of managers that has different dimensions such as intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and political intelligence. For many reasons such as limitation of the health system's budget and increase of costs, economic intelligence should be added to the introduced managerial intelligence model as a separate concept

The paper analyses the architecture of the national economic intelligence system of the French Republic, evaluating its degree of compliance in relation with a set of 12 specific characteristics for an efficient economic intelligence system. The analysis is made using the CODV tool of Six-Sigma. The study validates to what extent France's national security strategy sets out directions to strengthen economic security. At the same time, the article analyses if the architecture of the national economic intelligence system facilitates efforts correlation within the intelligence community and whether the cooperation between the national economic intelligence system's entities categories can be realised. Subsequently, it is analysed whether the economic intelligence system is an integrated component of the national intelligence system, whether it allows all sources analysis and whether it facilitates the use of new technologies through intelligence cycle stages. Following the above steps, it is finally determined with what efficiency the France's economic intelligence system can provide support information needed to increase the competitiveness of the national economy. Thus, analysing areas in which the French economic intelligence system performs, were identified some good practices that can be the basis for proposals to increase the efficiency of the national economic intelligence system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization of the economy is a trendy phenomenon that is transforming the micro and macro-economy, evolving at a record pace and directly impacting the performance and social entrepreneurship of organizations in various sectors around the world. Organizations must therefore face vast waves of data to follow the news and facilitate territorial intelligence. This world of data is defined by the collective name of data mining, the processing of which is usually carried out by artificial intelligence technology. Entrepreneurship creates spaces of solidarity, mutual aid and coalition between social groups suffering from poverty, precariousness and even precariousness, with the aim of ensuring equitable distribution for the benefit of all. In this context, Morocco has embarked on structural changes, strengthened its modern and competitive economy, facilitated the creation of growth and encouraged entrepreneurship, and has committed itself to national commitments to territorial development. To get a broader and clearer idea of the impact of data mining and economic intelligence on territorial intelligence and social entrepreneurship, we seek to answer the following questions: How does social entrepreneurship promote territorial dynamics through artificial intelligence, particularly in the Fez-Meknes region?

The article aims to outline the Algerian government's attempts to build and spread a culture of strategic vigilance by building directorates of economic intelligence and vigilance at the level of the Ministry of Industry and Small and Medium Enterprise and promoting investment and efforts of made by state institutions to build a system of vigilance and economic intelligence in Algeria [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an agricultural country, but imports rice, sugar, wheat flour, maize, milk powder, onions, garlic, soybeans, carrots, from abroad. In all countries of the world, agriculture is the most protected sector of the economy. Food security is important. If a country imports most of its food products from other countries to fulfill its need because the price is lower than domestic prices, then the country will become dependent in its food supply on other countries for the future. This will be dangerous. So that 21st century skills are needed towards economic intelligence in Indonesia who can be relied on in terms of national economic resilience. These skills include : Ecological: the business environtment, Psycho-sociological: internal actors of organisation, Reticulated: external human networks claimed and moblized around the project, Teleological: final purpose of the approach through strategy development, Technological: includes all the methods, tools and techniques used for the entire process of decision support through surveillance process, information protection, or benchmarking. Economic intelligence concerns the set of concepts, methods and tools which unify all the co-ordinated actions of research, acquisition, treatment, storage and diffusion of information, relevant to individual or clustered enterprises and organisations in the framework of a strategy.

In this article, we analyze some economic and social trends that influence our activity in the workplace. The development of information and economic technologies causes changes with reference to the appearance of new professions in the labor market. With the entry into the era of artificial intelligence, many jobs will be created, others will disappear, or they will undergo transformations. In order to cope with these tendencies, the person needs to have emotional, economic and social intelligence. The objective of the present paper is to highlight the need for change and the development of skills that are fundamentally essential in order to form future resources and possibilities.

The present article provides a complete and comprehensive analysis of the significance of the Economic Intelligence as an instrument to pursue the national interest and to guarantee the national security. The Wesfalian approach and its social-economic connotation to interpretation of the national interest have been analyzed. The economic aspect of national interest has been highlighted, as well as its gaining the momentum in the definition of national security has been underlined. For that to be done, by using the mathematical approach deriving from the graph theory, three different innovative models are presented. Those models are based on dissimilar economic levels of abstraction analysis, which represent a scientific logic description of the different Economic Intelligence approaches offered by the academic literature on the basis of the reference object. At a first level of abstraction analysis the economic intelligence has been simply defined as the set of information of a purely economic nature. It has been underlined that the second level of abstraction instead requires the definition of more fixed points, able to represent the different components of a new dynamic conceptual scheme aimed to extrapolate a more articulated representation of the Economic Intelligence concept. In the specific, according to the more complex and articulated third level of abstraction analysis, the Economic Intelligence could be described as a system (subject to geometrical variance) of entities, structures, scientific methods and instruments of analysis interconnected by means a common shared language, aimed to manage flows of data and diversified information, in order to generate the best possible understanding of the object of analysis, useful for supporting policies and decisions. It has been proved that shared information circulating within the system has an informative content, and therefore a value, potentially superior to the same information when it is collected and analyzed. The implications for it have a double important practical impact, as they demonstrate the generation of synergies to the benefit of the whole system as well as an absence of determination of evolution of information, but only estimation with a probabilistic approach.

Evolution of contemporary information technologies, focus on market mechanisms for interaction between organizations, business activity in conditions of high uncertainty lead to necessity of implementation of various economic intelligence methods. One of such economic intelligence methods is the usage of R-system which allows to identify risks of business projects, analyze business partners and competitors using data from open data sources. Significant growth of computing power, evolution of intelligent data processing algorithms and development of simulation modeling allow to use R-system methods in the most efficient way.

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyzing the environment of nanotechnology, and it uses in the Algerian economy, and determining strategies for developing nanotechnology in Algeria as a strategic option for economic diversification based on the results of this analysis. Results. The study showed that there is an overall growth in the market share of nanotechnology, while in Algeria there is dynamism in this industry, but it is slow. The results of the study analyzing the environment for the application of nanotechnology in the Algerian economy have proven that there are strengths specific to the economy of this country in terms of the existence of energy, agricultural, water and human resources. These strengths were accompanied by opportunities linked to the large size of the Algerian market, and to the strategic geographical location of Algeria with the availability of major infrastructures. On the other hand, the application environment of this technology has weaknesses, most of which are related to organizational and management problems and technological backwardness. Four strategies have been proposed for the successful application of nanotechnology in order to develop the Algerian economy on the medium and long horizon. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is the treatment and the study of the possibilities of development of the Algerian economy by approaching the theme of nanotechnology as a source of economic diversification in Algeria. A strategic diagnosis of the environment for the application of this technology in the development of the Algerian economy, giving strategic solutions based on the results of this diagnosis. Practical value. The SWOT analysis approach has become a modern strategic analysis approach to diagnosing the environment of any important subject. In our study, the SWOT approach allowed building a clear conception of the application environment of nanotechnology as a source of economic diversification. The proposed SWOT matrix strategies can be considered as mechanisms used by decision makers in order to achieve the success of the application of nanotechnology as a source of economic diversification in Algeria.

In the years since the end of the Cold War, the role and place of US intelligence community in shaping governmental decision-making process on the USSR and Communist Bloc affairs during the Cold War period have come into the centre of special historiographical trend in both the USA and Europe. Based on the CIA documents recently available to researchers, the article examines the analysis and forecast on the economic and foreign trade policy of the USSR in the COMECON, produced by the American intelligence since the early 1950s until the mid-60s. The author traces the evolution of the US economic intelligence, engaged in researches and submitting reports on the topic, and the views of CIA analysts on the nature, forms and methods of the USSR to maintain relations with her Eastern European allies within the COMECON. The paper defines several stages in the institutional and cognitive development of US economic intelligence on «intra-bloc» developments and the USSR - Eastern Bloc affairs.

In the last decade, we have witnessed a significant shift in the way local, regional, or global confrontations are performed with specific roles being attributed to the economic intelligence systems. By executing intelligence and counterintelligence operations, the economic intelligence systems are operating in confluence areas bringing together intelligence communities, governmental and diplomacy apparatus, and the business actors. Also, recently, revamped forms of warfare have illustrated how economic leverage is frequently used in combined and versatile hybrid interventions against democratic state stability and legitimacy. Despite this intense employment of economic advantage, economic intelligence represents one of the concepts that is still looking for conceptual clarity as it is frequently used in conjunction with other proxy terms (i.e., business intelligence, industrial espionage, competitive intelligence, economic security, and economic espionage), while its meaning ascribed in different contexts is rarely explicit. Starting from the premise that when lacking clarification, concepts become broad, ambiguous, and difficult to apply, the paper aims to bring forward conceptual clarifications by exploring and comparing various definitions existing in the literature while seeking to advance an operational definition for economic intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Moroccan Journal of Quantitative & Qualitative Research is the property of National Association for Applied Sciences - Academy of Researchers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evolution of contemporary information technologies, focus on market mechanisms for interaction between organizations, business activity in conditions of high uncertainty lead to necessity of implementation of various economic intelligence methods. One of such economic intelligence methods is the usage of R-system which allows to identify risks of business projects, analyze business partners and competitors using data from open data sources. Significant growth of computing power, evolution of intelligent data processing algorithms and development of simulation modeling allow to use R-system methods in the most efficient way.

This article brings into discussion the way in which globalization becomes increasingly complex and the economic competitiveness has reached a level never found in history, and why an adaptive reaction from the state is required. Achieving the state's economic security objectives is dependent on its ability to integrate into global and regional structures. The strategic process that allows it to adapt in the geo-economic space is the economic intelligence. History proves it fully. The great global powers have adapted, in their own particular way, the competitive intelligence, and their well-being and power are the fruit of the efficiency of the implementation of these processes. Competitive intelligence has helped Japan recover after World War II, it has also helped France become a great colonial power, while the United States maintains and extends its power globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies is the property of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)