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This book turns to the intellectual discourses that have emerged from India and Latin America, two outposts of the Global South, on the themes of imperialism, sovereignty, development, and socio-economic, racial and caste inequalities.It recovers the elided reflective traditions of thinkers, writers and activists from these peripheries and highlights the distinctive ideas, alliances and parallelisms in their works, as well as the manner in which they articulate liberatory paradigms which continue to have contemporary relevance. The book maps the innovative epistemic engagements of thinkers from India and Latin America, highlighting the manner in which they have disrupted and challenged the hierarchies of global knowledge production. It argues that political, spatial and historical distinctions notwithstanding, the experiences of peripheralization, their common traditions of resistance to oppression and their deeply entangled histories have forged a shared intellectual identity and a rich alternative set of emancipatory epistemologies grounded in the realities and histories of Southern nations. The book recovers this body of work as mass movements the world over seek civilizational alternatives to capitalist modernity.The book will be of interest to students and researchers of development studies, history, political science, sociology, political economy, South Asian studies, Latin American studies and Global South studies.

This book reflects on the continuing expansion of extractive forms of capitalist development into new territories in Latin America, and the resistance movements that are trying to combat the ecological and social destruction that follows.Latin American development models continue to prioritise extractivism: the intensive exploitation and exportation of nature in its primary commodity form. This constant expansion of the extractive frontier into new territories leads to forms of place-based resistance, negotiation and struggle in which competing territorial projects and claims are at stake. This book uncovers the underlying trends and dynamics of these ‘territorialities in dispute', and the socio- ecological resistance movements that are emerging as marginalized communities struggle to reclaim their territorial rights and defend and protect their right of access to the global commons. A focus on territorialities in dispute renders visible the unsustainable expansion of extractivist territories and opens up new horizons to learn from these processes and to consider post-extractivist/post-development imaginings of another world and alternate futures – as well as the challenges to their realisation.This book will be of interest to both students and researchers in the fields of international development, political ecology, critical geography, social anthropology as well as to activists engaged in socio-ecological/eco-territorial movements.

¿Por qué el desarrollo es el futuro de América Latina? Porque supone pasar de la pobreza a la generación de riqueza, de la informalidad a la formalidad y de una realidad de desempleo a una de creación de trabajo. Gerónimo Frigerio explica cómo en un libro realista y esperanzador. La ambición de este libro es servir de inspiración a hombres y mujeres de América Latina para que nos convirtamos en actores del desarrollo y, por lo tanto, en protagonistas de un futuro mejor en nuestros países y en la región. El proceso de desarrollo no solo implica pasar del estancamiento al crecimiento, de la pobreza a la generación de riqueza, de la informalidad a la formalidad, o de una realidad de desempleo a una de creación de trabajo; supone también convertir las trabas en oportunidades, la parálisis en acción, el desánimo en esperanza. Con la claridad y contundencia con que lo hizo en Simple. Una idea para transformar el futuro de América Latina, Gerónimo Frigerio combina visión individual, nacional y regional en un marco de reflexión realista, práctico y constructivo, y presenta un mensaje optimista: América Latina puede dejar de ser un conjunto de países sin rumbo para transformarse en un conjunto de sociedades que planifican su futuro.

Business in Latin America provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the business environment of this dynamic and challenging region. The book begins with an overview of the most important macroenvironments shaping the region's opportunities and risks, while the second part focuses on the business strategies that respond to those opportunities and risks. Capturing the dynamism of this region, this new edition provides a thorough and nuanced understanding of the commonalities and differences within the multifaceted business environments of Latin America.The second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include: The sources of economic, political, and natural risks, including the impact of COVID-19 The endemic role of corruption in institutions, the economy, and society The region's cultural and social diversity and resilience The role of technology and digitalization on corporate and marketing strategies The challenges of managing local and regional supply chains The book includes examples and cases from across the region on corporate strategies, marketing, entrepreneurship, leadership, human resource management, and social and environmental sustainability. An ideal resource for anyone considering a business venture in the region, the book will especially appeal to practitioners and students who have a particular interest in Latin America.

Los procesos de globalización e internacionalización de los mercados y las econo-mías de los países han hecho que la sociedad global internacional comprenda que el mundo del siglo xxi está conformado por países ricos y pobres, esto es países desarrollados y países en desarrollo. La marcada diferencia entre los dos bloques económicos fue la pregunta que se hicieron los unos y los otros. La respuesta a la pregunta se mostró más allá de la lectura literal de los textos, en la lectura abduc-tiva de la dinámica de los contextos históricos globales del desarrollo económico, educativo, institucional, cultural, del capital social, como también de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (ct&i) en cada país y región. Por una parte, estuvieron las realidades empíricas vividas de cada país, las cuales, mediante las experiencias económicas, sociales, culturales, tecnológicas e institucionales de las personas, quienes expresaron las vivencias en cada espacio y en cada época. Por otro lado, está la ciencia que, igualmente a través del tiempo, ha estado mostrando con el conocimiento y las evidencias científicas, las realidades de las diferencias entre países en desarrollo y países desarrollados. Ciertamente, la humanidad en los últimos dos siglos y medio ha tenido una dinámica tecnológica y de generación de conocimientos, sin precedentes en la historia. Dinámica propiciada por los saltos cuánticos de las últimas tres revoluciones industriales, en las cuales la pro-ducción de conocimiento favorecido por los niveles de educación de las personas ha generado volúmenes hipergeométrica de este. Hecho que ha llevado a un ace-leramiento dinámico de las innovaciones tecnológicas, no pronosticado antes. El libro, en su conjunto, tomó como propósito realizar un análisis teórico, estadís-tico y econométrico de lo denominado en las últimas cuatro décadas por los paí-ses desarrollados como las nuevas fuentes de productividad en América Latina, en relación con la productividad y la competitividad. Las bases bibliográficas digitales de Scopus facilitaron la búsqueda de la literatura internacional, nacional y las bases de datos del Foro Económico Mundial, el Banco Mundial y Transparencia Internacional fueron la fuente de la información estadística. Los resultados pre-sentaron el estado real de América Latina en las variables de capital humano, tec-nologías de la información y la comunicación (tic), innovación e instituciones, como también el avance de la región en el tema de gestión del conocimiento. El libro concluyó mostrando los fuertes rezagos de América Latina en cuanto a la calidad en educación (capital humano), tic, innovación, con fallas de calidad en las instituciones extractivas y no inclusivas que pueden estar afectando la productividad y la competitividad de la región.

This book studies the economic history of India and traces the Indian path of development from a Latin American framework and perspective. Despite sharing many historical and geological similarities, dialogue between the young democracies of Latin America and the Indian subcontinent is still extremely scarce.The volume builds a common research agenda for the economic development of the Global South. It offers Latin American insights and highlights novelties and commonalities the region shares with India's economic development. It pays special attention to the (geo)political, technological, financial, and institutional aspects related to the specific geographical and demographical features of the Indian subcontinent.A step towards strengthening the dialogue on economic development in the Global South, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of heterodox economics, Indian economy, comparative economics, macroeconomics, political economy, economic history, development studies, Latin American studies, and South Asian studies.

Shallow capital markets are a key bottleneck for private sector development in Latin America. Still, there is not a large literature on capital markets and corporate governance, or on the politics of regulatory reform and business associations, focused on this region. To help address this gap, this new book introduces private equity into the financial development debate through a Latin American lens. The author looks at the cases of Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina. And proposes a shift in the financial development discussion from institutional explanations focused only on rules to an actor-based argument centered on the role of institutional investors, in particular pension funds.

This book explores the potential for renewable energy development and the adoption of sustainable production processes in Latin America and the Caribbean. By examining the energy transition process, the impact of environmental degradation, and the relationship between renewable energy sources and economic growth, the effects of increased globalisation and liberalisation in this part of the world are analysed. Particular attention is given to renewable energy investment, the energy-economics growth nexus, the impact of trade openness, and the mitigation of carbon emissions. This book aims to highlight econometric techniques that can be used to tackle issues relating to globalisation, the energy transition, and environmental degradation. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in energy and environmental economics.

China's growing economic involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America has been a source of major controversy. The official Chinese position maintains that the growth of bilateral relations is of mutual benefit and provides a good example of South-South cooperation. Critics on the other hand see the economic relations between China and other developing countries as highly unequal with most of the benefits accruing to China and a few local elites. They also point to negative socio-economic, political, and environmental consequences. How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin-America throws more light on these controversies through a comparative study of China's impact on the two regions. It looks not just at bilateral relations between China and the two regions but also analyses the changes in the global economy brought about as a result of the shift in economic activity from North America and Western Europe to Asia. This book looks at the factors which led to rapid economic growth in China and the way in which this has affected global manufacturing, commodity markets, the international presence of Chinese companies, and financial glows. It examines the different forms of Chinese economic involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, the main drivers, and economic, social, political, and environmental consequences. It ends with a comparison of the two regions that highlights the importance of different histories and political and institutional contexts in determining the impacts of China. Since the first edition of How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin-America, China's role in the global economy has continued to expand and the Chinese government's foreign policy has become more assertive. The global presence of China has been marked by the expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative to almost 150 countries and the trade-war between the US and China, as well as increased Western concerns over the activities of major Chinese companies such as Huawei. This new edition documents these changes and their implications for SSA and LAC.

Ideasaudaces para unaregiónmásrica,másjusta, másintegradaenelmundo einfinitamentemásfeliz. América Latina es un enigma. Mientras los medios publican titulares sobre protestas, crimen, desigualdad, populismo y deuda, quienes viven y trabajan en esta región de setecientos millones de personas afrontan una realidad infinitamente más compleja, asombrosa y -en muchas ocasiones- alentadora. Pocas figuras comprenden esta dualidad más íntimamente que Luis Alberto Moreno. Después de más de tres décadas en el centro de la actividad política, diplomática y empresarial del hemisferio sur, Moreno ofrece un valioso recorrido por unos países cuya acelerada transformación se resiste a las interpretaciones convencionales. A través de su amistad con jóvenes, alcaldesas, académicos, ejecutivos, artistas, gastrónomos, jefes de Estado y pequeños empresarios, Moreno ilumina las paradojas de un continente donde la frustración convive con la creatividad, el patriotismo, la solidaridad y la esperanza.

Un análisis científico para explicar qué pasó con el arribo de la gobernanza y el capital social, y un enfoque cuantitativo para estudiar sus relaciones y determinar los impactos en el desarrollo económico de 17 países latinoamericanos de 1996 a 2015.

Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist class?In Rooted Globalism, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of ethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America's urban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term'rooted globalism,'Funk captures the emergence of classed intersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global. Focusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations (between Latin America and the Arab world), Rooted Globalism provides detailed analysis of the identities, worldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals that rather than obliterating national identities, global capitalism relies on them.

Este libro busca contribuir a la formación de profesionales en estudios del futuro y prospectiva, en el contexto de América Latina y el Caribe. Se trata de una reflexión acerca del desarrollo de las capacidades prospectivas que requiere la región sobre anticipación, pensamiento estratégico, innovación y solución de problemas complejos, con miras a fortalecer un Estado activo y una sociedad responsable. Este conocimiento es esencial para la adopción de decisiones estratégicas y la aceleración de respuestas innovadoras y oportunas, con miras al cierre de las crecientes brechas propias de la revolución industrial 4.0 y las sociedades del conocimiento y el aprendizaje. El autor posee 30 años de experiencia en este campo y una constante interacción con públicos estratégicos en la región, tales como organismos nacionales de planificación, los organismos nacionales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación; decisores y actores del desarrollo empresarial, sectorial y territorial (CEPAL, ILPES, CYTED, OEA y ESAP).

Since the 1970s, neoliberalism has evolved from ideology to political programme, from political programme to public policy, and from public policy to constitutional rule. This process of change has been made possible through the endorsement of an uncritical, a-historical, and apolitical economic theory that legitimized technocratic despotism, financial deregulation, precarious labour, and constitutional-political emptying. This book examines critical perspectives in mainstream neoliberal development analysis. It examines the neoliberal experiment as a global historical construct through the cases of Africa, Latin America, and Europe. The analysis begins in 1980 with the Structural Adjustment Plans in Latin America and Africa, followed in 1990 by Maastricht in the case of Europe and the euphoric shift that took place, typified by the Africa Rising narrative, which attempts to promote the idea of an economically emerging continent. It also considers the weakness of the state resulting from neo-liberal austerity and fiscal stabilization policies, which have amplified the inability to collectively deal with the social, economic, and political impact of the COVID-19 crisis. One of the key features of the book is the extensive comparative analysis between regions, using case studies, including examples from African countries. The authors connect the different regional perspectives, included in the book, in a clear and coherent way, such that it will appeal to students and scholars interested in the social, economic, and political outcomes of globalization and will also be of interest to official development agencies and third sector organizations in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe.

This book explores the achievements and obstacles confronting China and major Latin American countries in developing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of new changes in “The Belt and Road” Initiative. In the first three chapters, the Chinese authors elaborate on the relationship between “The Belt and Road” Initiative and globalization, as well as strategies towards forming an increasingly close bond between China and Latin America. The book ends with chapters dedicated to analyzing the BRI conditions and effects on SMEs of Latin-American countries. These country specific chapters will show the specific opportunities and challenges the countries conditions, be they political, geological, etc. may have on the development of SMEs under the BRI. The book will be useful not only to industry leaders looking to better understand how they can potentially benefit from the BRI but also by the general public, as the book will explain what this new era of globalization, andmore specifically the BRI, will mean for the world's industries and society.

While Latin America accounts for approximately 7 percent of the world economy, easily accessible information on the economies of the region is not always easy to find. The existing literature on Latin American economics usually assumes some previous familiarity with the region and is focused on government policy choices. The Economies of Latin America is a book for the general reader needing a quick introduction to the economics of the region. The book is composed of three parts: the first explains Latin America's economic history and a description of the central economic challenges of the region. The second offers country-specific details. The final part deals with the economic future of the region where the authors put forth a Latin American version of success. This book is a useful, in-depth introduction for students of Latin American economics as well as the general reader.

This book addresses the problems of Latin America, through two of the most important features of the post-Bretton Woods economic order, large corporations and weak financial markets. In turn, it shows that their impact on economic growth and development is feeble and short-lived. This resulted in income concentration and an extremely unequal distribution of wealth in the region. As a result, large corporations and financial markets became central institutions in developing economies. In this context, Latin American countries globalized their economies, modifying their productive and financial structures and strengthening large corporation and non- financial structures.This economic order was a failure, as it was unable to achieve development in Latin America; large capital corporations either re-primarized their productive activity or developed an organization based on assembly manufacture, and, as such, financial markets remained underdeveloped because large corporations did not operate through domestic financial markets.In this book, the effects of these trends are analyzed in regional and country studies, while the impact of the 2008 Great Financial Crisis on Latin American economies are also considered.Researchers and students, especially those interested in a Post-Keynesian or heterodox view of the region, will find these studies illuminating.

This edited volume studies the relationship between big business and the Latin American dictatorial regimes during the Cold War. The first section provides a general background about the contemporary history of business corporations and dictatorships in the twentieth century at the international level. The second section comprises chapters that analyze five national cases (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Peru), as well as a comparative analysis of the banking sector in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay). The third section presents six case studies of large companies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Central America. This book is crucial reading because it provides the first comprehensive analysis of a key yet understudied topic in Cold War history in Latin America.

This volume explores several notable themes related to the economy in Latin America and offers insightful historical perspectives to understand national, regional, and global issues in the continent since the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. The collected essays focus on economic crises, the relationship of growth models to society and politics, the fluctuations of local economies, and regional protests. Other aspects of consideration in this area include the evolution of integrated regional trading blocs, the informal economy, and the destruction of the productive potential that has had a serious social, cultural, and environmental impact. The volume refuses to impose a traditional and uncritical linear historical narrative onto the reader and instead proposes an alternative interpretation of the past and its relation to the present.

Este libro retoma el tema del desarrollo en América Latina. Enriquece el debate desatado desde fines de los años 40, y en especial recoge las recientes y crecientes críticas al desarrollo con discurso ideológico de dominación del capitalismo. Los fracasos, aprendizajes y reflexiones colectivas acumuladas, que impulsaron y siguen impulsando vigorosas movilizaciones sociales, abren la puerta para nuevos enfoques. Es hora de recuperar las importantes experiencias centenarias de los pueblos originarios sobre el bien común o buen vivir, la reciprocidad y la relación armónica entre la sociedad y la naturaleza. En el contexto de tantas pandemias desatadas por la lógica de acumulación capitalista, este libro -con textos profundos y provocadores- presenta varios enfoques pertinentes por la coyuntura actual, por su aporte para mirar el futuro del mudo, por sus visiones sobre las potencialidades y contradicciones de esta construcción colectiva, y por sus potentes elementos destinados a construir otros futuros orientados por horizontes de vida digna para los seres humanos y los seres no humanos.

Information Technologies and Economic Development in Latin America provides a collection of rigorous empirical studies that contributes to a better understanding of the role and impact of old and new information technologies on Latin American economic development. It provides evidence using randomized and quasi-experimental designed studies for different information and communication technologies interventions. In evaluating their development impact a critical concern has been to contribute to the little existing evidence. In fact, whereas many ICT projects in the developing world have been promoted by multilateral organizations, bilateral aid agencies and nongovernmental organizations in recent years, the extent to which these interventions and policies actually contribute to the development of the region is unclear. The book provides evidence on what works and what does not.

Gerónimo Frigerio presenta una propuesta para que emprender, desarrollar negocios y trabajar fuera de la informalidad sea cada vez más fácil y económico en América Latina. Un conjunto de medidas orientado a que la región gane competitividad, genere empleo y deje atrás de una vez por todas su histórica pobreza. Hoy más que nunca la prioridad de América Latina debe ser enfrentar el desafío de abrazar la senda del progreso dejando atrás su enorme pobreza. Reducirla depende necesariamente de crear empleo, para lo cual es preciso que emprender y trabajar en la región sea fácil y económico. Se trata de formular (pocas) reglas claras orientadas a favorecer la multiplicación de negocios, disminuir la informalidad y ganar competitividad. El planteo de este libro no es utópico, es práctico; su propósito no es explicar por qué en los últimos doscientos años nos fue mal, sino contribuir a que nos vaya bien en los próximos doscientos. ¿Cómo? Cambiando las reglas para que cualquier actividad productiva en nuestros países sea más sencilla y menos costosa que en otros lugares del mundo. Gerónimo Frigerio presenta aquí un conjunto acotado y preciso de medidas para facilitar la vida de todos, poniendo foco en el desarrollo del sector privado en la región. Porque generar las soluciones de América Latina depende de los latinoamericanos, he aquí una propuesta concreta, transparente, clara; en definitiva, simple.

This book conceptualizes the economic relations between China and Latin America in different national cases from the perspectives of international political economy–based structuralism theory, the core-periphery model and the world system theory. It contributes to the interpretation of the consequences of the interaction between China's successful modernization and Latin America's failed development model.

Este libro busca contribuir a la formación de profesionales en estudios del futuro y prospectiva, en el contexto de América Latina y el Caribe. Se trata de una reflexión acerca del desarrollo de las capacidades prospectivas que requiere la región sobre anticipación, pensamiento estratégico, innovación y solución de problemas complejos, con miras a fortalecer un Estado Activo y una sociedad responsable capaz de enfrentar los grandes desafíos del entorno mundial en el horizonte temporal 2030-2050. Este conocimiento es esencial para la adopción de decisiones estratégicas y la aceleración de respuestas innovadoras y oportunas, con miras al cierre de las crecientes brechas propias de la revolución industrial 4.0 y las sociedades del conocimiento y el aprendizaje. El autor posee 30 años de experiencia en este campo y una constante interacción con públicos estratégicos en la región, tales como los organismos nacionales de planificación, los organismos nacionales de ciencia, tecnología e innovación; decisores y actores del desarrollo empresarial, sectorial y territorial. En particular, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), el Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica y Social (ILPES), el Programa de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo de la Cooperación Iberoamericana (CYTED), la Comisión de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA), la Comisión Europea y el Programa de Alto Gobierno de la Escuela Superior de Administración Pública de Colombia (ESAP).

This book explores the process of economic liberalisation in Latin America and revises the transition from the import substitution industrialisation model to market-oriented reforms. It explains the theoretical foundations of the neoliberal paradigm and the implications of the policies that were labelled as the Washington Consensus. The book also incorporates an assessment on the socio-political norms added to the orthodox prescription, the so-called Post-Washington Consensus. The study comprises a general analysis on the subcontinent and on different economic liberalisation paths, and looks at four country case studies: Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, from the 1980s to recent years. From this approach, the reader can analyse weaknesses and strengths, the socioeconomic performance, and the difficulties that Latin America has presented through the turbulent process of economic liberalisation, both at an early stage and over the long run, by means of country case studies encompassing the most diverse and representative styles of economic openness in the subcontinent. This allows them to identify the challenges the country faces and the appropriate policies they can follow to cope with sustained economic growth, poverty reduction, and income distribution within an economically open environment. The study is carried out by analysing and contrasting theoretical and empirical perspectives, allowing a broader understanding of the topics.The book is complementary reading for textbooks, due to the objectivity with which it addresses important and quotidian issues in the region, associating empirical and theoretical topics, and facilitating the understanding of the international political economy of Latin America. It is also suitable for practitioners and researchers, because of the depth in which it covers specific topics and the useful analysis it conducts to incorporate policy implications and suggestions for achieving equitable growth in a context of liberal markets.

En la historia de América Latina hay un lugar común compartido por todos los análisis, con independencia de la ideología desde la que operan, y es que la responsabilidad del subdesarrollo del continente proviene de la época colonial y su protagonista, el malvado Imperio español. Pero en historia y geopolítica no hay ni imperios malvados ni benevolentes, solo imperios que ejercen el imperialismo. Este interesado relato, más que historia, es un mito inventado por las oligarquías para perpetuarse en el poder y que les sirve de pretexto para esconder su culpabilidad en todos los horrores que han provocado desde el momento mismo en que tomaron el poder. Un mito exitoso, debe admitirse, pues fue asumido de forma acrítica por las izquierdas, que, de esa forma, se convirtieron en justificadores de las barbaridades de las oligarquías latinoamericanas, desde el siglo xix hasta el presente. De ese modo, las oligarquías han podido mantener inalterable el statu quo nacido de la independencia, es decir, el modelo neocolonial, que facilita el expolio de sus países por la potencia de turno a cambio de apoyarlas en el control de los países y en la salvaguarda de su obscena acumulación de riqueza. De esos mitos y de sus consecuencias trata este Malditos libertadores que, analizando, desde los extremos hasta el centro, la labor de libertadores como Simón Bolívar, pasando por dictadores como Pinochet, hasta dirigentes políticos como Jair Bolsonaro, nos invita a mirar al pasado para desenmascarar la'versión oficial'y pensar el futuro del continente latinoamericano. Augusto Zamora R. reivindica el derecho de la memoria que se le ha negado al pueblo latinoamericano para que este pueda marcar un nuevo rumbo que ayude a corregir esta situación

Community Capacity and Resilience in Latin America addresses the role of communities in building their capacity to increase resiliency and carry out rural development strategies in Latin America. Resiliency in a community sense is associated with an ability to address stress and respond to shock while obtaining participatory engagement in community assessment, planning and outcome. Although the political contexts for community development have changed dramatically in a number of Latin American countries in recent years, there are growing opportunities and examples of communities working together to address common problems and improve collective quality of life.This book links scholarship that highlights community development praxis using new frameworks to understand the potential for community capacity and resiliency. By rejecting old linear models of development, based on technology transfer and diffusion of technology, many communities in Latin America have built capacity of their capital assets to become more resilient and adapt positively to change. This book is an essential resource for academics and practitioners of rural development, demonstrating that there is much we can learn from the skills of self-diagnosis and building on existing assets to enhance community capitals.Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

An exploration of the factors behind neoliberalism's resilience in developing economies and what this could mean for democracy's futureSince the 1980s, neoliberalism has withstood repeated economic shocks and financial crises to become the hegemonic economic policy worldwide. Why has neoliberalism remained so resilient? What is the relationship between this resiliency and the backsliding of Western democracy? Can democracy survive an increasingly authoritarian neoliberal capitalism? Neoliberal Resilience answers these questions by bringing the developing world's recent history to the forefront of our thinking about democratic capitalism's future.Looking at four decades of change in four countries once considered to be leading examples of effective neoliberal policy in Latin America and Eastern Europe—Argentina, Chile, Estonia, and Poland—Aldo Madariaga examines the domestic actors and institutions responsible for defending neoliberalism. Delving into neoliberalism's political power, Madariaga demonstrates that it is strongest in countries where traditional democratic principles have been slowly and purposefully weakened. He identifies three mechanisms through which coalitions of political, institutional, and financial forces have propagated neoliberalism's success: the privatization of state companies to create a supporting business class, the use of political institutions to block the representation of alternatives in congress, and the constitutionalization of key economic policies to shield them from partisan influence. Madariaga reflects on today's most pressing issues, including the influence of increasing austerity measures and the rise of populism.A comparative exploration of political economics at the peripheries of global capitalism, Neoliberal Resilience investigates the tensions between neoliberalism's longevity and democracy's gradual decline.

Financial capital continues to dominate Western economic organisations, despite major financial and economic crises. While these have not affected Latin American countries in the same way, other economic problems emerged after the reversion of loose monetary policies that debilitated the export-led growth model. This book discusses the issue of the financialised globalisation model in Latin America, looking at the region's relationship with the international market.This edited collection is divided into three main sections. The first section discusses regional trends highlighting issues of trade and payments in financialised economies, the impact on deindustrialisation, its effect on inequality, external capital movements and monetary policies. The second section analyses the failure of comparative advantages of the export-led model in Colombia, Argentina and Mexico. Finally, the last section deals with the growth of financial balance sheets in small and developing economies such as Chile; how growth, investment and big corporation evolution were affected in Brazil and Mexico; and the effects of foreign exchange activity in Mexico. Through these discussions, this book aims to deepen the understanding of the crisis of financialisation and the export-led model, raising the question of whether it is possible for this model to continue or if it requires major readjustments to unfold economic growth.This book provides a distinctive analysis of the financialisation mechanisms in developing countries in order to emphasise affinities and differences between the countries of the region in productive and financial terms. It will be of great interest to economic and social science scholars and students, to journalists specialising on economic and development issues, and, more importantly, to policy makers.

The Routledge Handbook of Latin American Development seeks to engage with comprehensive, contemporary, and critical theoretical debates on Latin American development. The volume draws on contributions from across the humanities and social sciences and, unlike earlier volumes of this kind, explicitly highlights the disruptions to the field being brought by a range of anti-capitalist, decolonial, feminist, and ontological intellectual contributions.The chapters consider in depth the harms and suffering caused by various oppressive forces, as well as the creative and often revolutionary ways in which ordinary Latin Americans resist, fight back, and work to construct development defined broadly as the struggle for a better and more dignified life. The book covers many key themes including development policy and practice; neoliberalism and its aftermath; the role played by social movements in cities and rural areas; the politics of water, oil, and other environmental resources; indigenous and Afro-descendant rights; and the struggles for gender equality.With contributions from authors working in Latin America, the US and Canada, Europe, and New Zealand at a range of universities and other organizations, the handbook is an invaluable resource for students and teachers in development studies, Latin American studies, cultural studies, human geography, anthropology, sociology, political science, and economics, as well as for activists and development practitioners.

Much of our understanding of local economic development is based on large urban agglomerations as nodes of innovation and competitive advantage, connecting territories to global value chains. However, this framework cannot so easily be applied to peripheral regions and secondary cities in either the Global South or the North.This book proposes an alternative way of looking at local economic development based on the idea of fragile governance and three variables: associations and networks; learning processes; and leadership and conflict management in six Latin American peripheral regions. The case studies illustrate the challenges of governance in small and intermediate cities in Latin America, and showcase strategies that are being used to achieve a more resilient and territorial vision of local economic development.This book will be of interest to students and researchers of local economic development, urban and regional studies, and political economy in Latin America as well as to policy-makers and practitioners interested in local and regional economic development policy.

Em A Economia Política do Patenteamento... não buscamos apenas confirmar o poder dos mais influentes e a dependência dos mais fracos. Ao contrário, esperamos que, ao estudar esse viés de poder/dominação e o processo de produção e apropriação de novos conhecimentos, sejamos capazes de encontrar e, até mesmo, criar'brechas'pelas quais possamos sugerir o rompimento do subdesenvolvimento perverso e pensar novos designs para regimes de proteção à propriedade intelectual em países em desenvolvimento que possam igualmente estimular a difusão e a transferência de novos conhecimentos e premiar os inventores.

This book explores the dynamics of the recent ‘progressive cycle'in Latin American politics, associated with a red and pink tide of regime change. With this cycle of centre-left regimes oriented towards an alternative post-neoliberal form of development now coming to an end, coinciding with the end of a ‘primary commodities boom'(the demand for natural resources exported in primary form on the world market), the authors seek to explore the dynamics of the transition from a progressive cycle of regimes oriented towards the search for a more inclusive form of development towards what appears to be another swing in the pendulum of electoral politics towards the far right and a return to neoliberal orthodoxy.Within the vortex of forces of change pushing towards both the Left and the Right, Latin America lies at the centre of ongoing heated theoretical and political debates as to how to bring about a more inclusive and sustainable form of post-neoliberal and post-capitalist development. Latin America in the Vortex of Social Change crucially aims to cut through these debates and explore the dynamics of the forces of change at work in the current conjuncture of capitalist development. With reference to a theoretical framework based on the interaction of three different forms of capitalism (capitalism as usual, extractive capitalism, narco-capitalism), the authors proceed to an analysis of the development and resistance dynamics of the development process that is unfolding on the Latin American political landscape. The book will appeal to scholars of political sociology and political theory with an interest in the political economy of development and Latin American affairs.

La corrupción devasta América Latina cual ciclón: Todos los gobiernos latinoamericanos, progresistas y neoliberales, son arrasados por crecientes denuncias que llegan hasta el más alto poder político. Sin embargo, pese a la creciente difusión de estas noticias, pocos son los análisis profundos de este fenómeno político. La sociedad necesita conocer más sobre esta cuestión, sus entretelones, causas y orígenes. Por eso es importante abrir debates serios y profundos, como los que propone, con mucha lucidez, Eduardo Gudynas en este libro. El autor encuentra y desmenuza explicaciones estructurales y de fondo a la corrupción, estrechamente atadas a los extractivismos: minero, petrolero, agrario y forestal. Tanto, que si pudiéramos escribir una historia de los extractivismos, iría a la par con la historia de la corrupción. Y la lógica de estos siameses se caracteriza por el autoritarismo y la violencia, rasgos perniciosos para los pueblos y la Naturaleza. Tanto la violencia como la corrupción son condiciones necesarias de los extractivismos y no solo consecuencias de los mismos. Existen fuertes y perversos vínculos de retroalimentación entre todos estos procesos. Y esto quizás porque extractivismo y corrupción sirven a un mismo amo: la acumulación capitalista periférica.

This edited volume discusses the development theory advanced by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in the 1940s, and its transformations through the second half of the twentieth century. In this time frame, the authors identify two approaches: structuralism (1950-1980) and neo-structuralism (1980-onwards). The contributors describe the transition in terms of economic theory and policy; the conceptualization of the State; and the consideration of space on regional and global scales. They argue that structuralism is still relevant for understanding the current problems of development if a careful and appropriate recovery and update of its main ideas and concepts is made in relation to the current context of globalization and internationalization of production and finance.

China's growing economic involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America has been a source of major controversy. The official Chinese position maintains that the growth of bilateral relations is of mutual benefit and provides a good example of South-South cooperation. Critics on the other hand see the economic relations between China and other developing countries as highly unequal with most of the benefits accruing to China and a few local elites. They also point to negative socio-economic, political, and environmental consequences. How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin-America throws more light on these controversies through a comparative study of China's impact on the two regions. It looks not just at bilateral relations between China and the two regions but also analyses the changes in the global economy brought about as a result of the shift in economic activity from North America and Western Europe to Asia. How China is Reshaping the Global Economy looks at the factors which led to rapid economic growth in China and the way in which this has affected global manufacturing, commodity markets, the international presence of Chinese companies, and financial glows. It examines the different forms of Chinese economic involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, the main drivers, and economic, social, political, and environmental consequences. It ends with a comparison of the two regions that highlights the importance of different histories and political and institutional contexts in determining the impacts of China.

Muchos de los estudios sobre desarrollo económico local se basan en la experiencia de grandes aglomeraciones urbanas como nodos de innovación y ventajas competitivas que conectan a los territorios con cadenas de valor globales. Esta manera de entender el desarrollo local no solo resulta en un desmedido énfasis en las grandes ciudades del Norte global, sino que también falla en caracterizar los retos actuales de desarrollo en ciudades pequeñas e intermedias y regiones periféricas de América Latina. Este libro propone una manera alternativa de mirar el desarrollo económico a través del concepto de gobernanza frágil y una serie de variables relacionadas: redes, aprendizajes y liderazgo.

Since the year 2000 Latin America has been at the forefront of a series of diverse experiments with alternative forms, pathways and models of economic development and at the cutting edge of the international theoretical and political debates that surround these experiments. Reframing Latin American Development brings together leading scholars from Latin America and elsewhere to debate and discuss the current practice and futures of the Latin American experience with alternative forms of development over the last period and particularly since the end of neoliberal dominance. The models discussed range from the neo developmentalism approach of growth with equity, to the Buen Vivir (How to Live Well) philosophy advanced by the indigenous communities of the Andean highlands and implemented in the national development plans of the governments of Bolivia and Ecuador. Other models of alternative development include the so-called socialism of the twenty-first century and diverse proposals for constructing a social and solidarity economy and other models of local development based on the agency of community-based grassroots organizations and social movements. Reframing Latin American Development will be of particular interest to researchers, teachers and students in the fields of international development, Latin American studies and the economics, politics and sociology of development.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book examines the links between economic growth, changing employment conditions, and the reduction of poverty in Latin America in the 2000s. Our analysis answers the following broad questions: Has economic growth resulted in gains in standards of living and reductions in poverty via improved labour market conditions in Latin America in the 2000s, and have these improvements halted or been reversed since the international crisis of 2008? How do the rate and character of economic growth, changes in the various employment and earnings indicators, and changes in poverty and inequality indicators relate to each other? Our contribution is an in-depth study of the multi-pronged growth-employment-poverty nexus based on a large number of labour market indicators (twelve employment and earnings indicators and four poverty and inequality indicators) for a large number of Latin American countries (sixteen of them). The book presents a positive and hopeful set of findings for the period 2000 to 2012/13. Economic growth took place and brought about improvements in almost all labour market indicators and consequent reductions in poverty rates. But not all improvements were equal in size or caused by the same things. Some macroeconomic factors were associated with changes in labour market conditions, some of them always in the welfare-improving direction and some others always in the welfare-reducing direction. Most countries in the region suffered a deterioration in at least some labour market indicators as a consequence of the international crisis of 2008, but the negative effects were reversed very quickly in most countries.

Does the growing economic might of regional superpowers like Brazil mean that dependency theory of the 1960s was all wrong? The answer to this and many other enigmas of development is found in Sub-Imperialism Revisited, a theoretically rigorous study by the brilliant Mexican analyst Adrián Sotelo Valencia. In analysing the 21st Century conditions of Latin America, Sotelo systematically explores the concept of'sub-imperialism'as advanced in the pioneering work of Ruy Mauro Marini. Himself a former student of Marini, Sotelo elucidates the explanatory power of a fully Marxist conception of imperialism and underdevelopment while providing considerable insight into opposing conceptions of dependency. This timely book ultimately enables readers to appreciate why radical dependency theory remains more relevant today than ever.

This book proposes a renewal of'Open Regionalism'in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) aimed at achieving the region's goals of high growth with stability. The LAC region experienced a growth spurt with equity during the first decade of the 21st Century. It is well understood that an unsustainable demand boom fueled by terms-of-trade improvements drove this growth acceleration episode, especially in South America. Unfortunately, terms of trade are no longer fueling growth, and the region's policymakers are in search of new sources of growth with stability. With the experience of East Asia and the Pacific in mind, many policymakers in LAC are looking to international economic ties as a potential source of stable growth.The challenge highlighted in this book lies in designing an integration agenda comprising trade and factor market integration that is conducive to region-wide efficiency gains, which can help LAC enhance its global competitiveness. The forces of geography imply that pro-growth global integration cannot be achieved without building a strong neighborhood. Thus, this volume argues that LAC's regional economic integration agenda needs to go well beyond the current spaghetti bowl of preferential trading arrangements.

This paper studies the impact of natural resource extraction in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from a number of angles. First, we exploit a novel dataset on the universe of giant oil and gas discoveries in the region to trace out the cyclical response of macroeconomic variables to discoveries over the short- and medium-run. Second, we use non-stationary panel data techniques to look at the long-run (trend) relationship between GDP per capita and the value of oil and gas production—our results imply that the recent fall in prices could depress GDP per capita by several percentage points. Last, we use Bolivia, which discovered huge gas reserves in the late 1990s, as a case study to apply the cross-country results and to study the impact of discoveries at the subnational level.

This 9th volume of International Development Policy looks at recent paradigmatic innovations and related development trajectories in Latin America, with a particular focus on the Andean region. It examines the diverse development narratives and experiences in countries such as Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru during a period of high commodity prices associated with robust growth, poverty alleviation and inequality reduction. Highlighting propositions such as buen vivir, this thematic volume questions whether competing ideologies and discourses have translated into different outcomes, be it with regard to environmental sustainability, social progress, primary commodity dependence, or the rights of indigenous peoples. This collection of articles aims to enrich our understanding of recent development debates and processes in Latin America, and what the rest of the world can learn from them. Contributors include: Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Alberto Acosta, Ana Elizabeth Bastida, Luis Bustos, Humberto Campodónico, Gilles Carbonnier, Ana Patricia Cubillo-Guevara, Fernando Eguren, Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva, Eduardo García, Javier Herrera, Antonio Luis Hidalgo-Capitán, Robert Muggah, Gianandrea Nelli Feroci, José Antonio Ocampo, Camilo Andrés Peña Galeano, Guillermo Perry, Darío Indalecio Restrepo Botero, Sergio Tezanos Vázquez, and Frédérique Weyer.

This book examines how the beliefs and practices of each of the major world religions, as well as other belief systems, affect the variables that influence growth and development in the Global South. Evidence suggests that as countries develop, the influence of religion on all aspects of society declines. In stark contrast to the developed world, in the Global South, the role of religion is highly pervasive – the distinctive conclusion of this book is therefore that a lessening of religiosity is a sine qua non for growth and development, including secular laws and constitutions. Offering a ground-breaking study in an area little explored in the English language, this book will satisfy an important gap in the literature on the political economy of development, sociology of religion, law, and anthropology.

This book argues that Latin America must confront two main challenges: greater innovation to increase productivity, and greater inclusion to incorporate more of the population into the benefits of economic growth. These two tasks are interrelated, and both require greater institutional capacity to facilitate both innovation and inclusion. Most countries in Latin America are struggling to escape what economists label “the middle income trap.” While much if not all of the region has emerged from low income status, neither growth nor productivity has increased sufficiently to enable Latin America to narrow the gap separating it from the world's most developed economies. Although income inequality has diminished across much of the region in recent years, social vulnerability remains widespread and institutional weaknesses continue to plague efforts to achieve equitable development. This volume identifies lessons that can be learned and adapted from experiences within the region and inEast Asia, where the middle income trap has largely been avoided.This book is the result of a collaborative project undertaken by American University's Center for Latin American & Latino Studies (CLALS) and the Corporation for Latin American Studies (CIEPLAN) in Chile, with financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank's Office of Strategic Planning and Development Effectiveness.

Beyond Commodities shows that Latin America and the Caribbean's growth performance over the last decade cannot be reduced to the commodity boom: growth-promoting reforms that strengthened financial development, increased trade openness and improved infrastructure development also played a significant role and can continue doing so. Based on the econometric analysis of panel data from the 1970-2010 period for 126 countries, the study shows that, while the commodity boom facilitated growth in most of the region, it did not determine it. Domestic pro-growth policies and the maintenance of a sound macro-fiscal framework played a central role in explaining the region's good performance during last decade. It also shows that new growth “stars” such as Panama, Peru, Colombia and the Dominican Republic emerged during this period. In addition, a benchmarking exercise reveals which policy gaps will lead to the highest potential growth-payoffs for each country and helps identify potential trade-offs. Finally, with the worsening of external conditions, the authors conclude that the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have no choice but to turn their attention to domestic drivers to keep growth going, as the structural reforms agenda remains unfinished.

Investments in education across countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have transformed the lives of millions of girls and the prospects of their families and societies. Unleashing the full economic potential of women is nevertheless still a curtailed issue in the region: just about half of women are unable to participate in paid work. The majority of the population out of the labor market is women between the ages of 24 and 45. This is the largest share of the available pool of unused human capital countries have, and where mothers of young children are concentrated. This book argues that more and better childcare constitutes a fundamental policy option to improve female outcomes in the labor market, but countries need to pay particular attention to the design and features of such services. First-rate educational programs will be useless if children are not enrolled or do not attend formal education centers.Through an integrated framework applied to each country and an overview of the existing evidence, this book addresses the why and what questions about policy relevant instruments to achieve female labor participation. Moreover, this book tackles the how question contributing to the incipient evidence about factors affecting the take-up of programs and demand for childcare services and other informal care arrangements.

Since 1980, China has evolved from a poor and mostly rural society into one of the largest economies in the world. As it grew into a major industrial power, it demanded enormous amounts of steel for new factories and cities, copper for electronic wires, petroleum for cars and manufacturing plants, and soybeans and cattle to feed its workers. By the 1990s, many Latin American countries were riding China's coattails and beginning to prosper from the new demand. Ever since China entered the World Trade Organization at the turn of the century, Latin America supplied China with more and more of the primary commodities it needs and more. That in turn has produced one the most impressive periods of economic growth on the continent in fifty years. And it was more evenly spread too - a region infamous for its extreme inequality saw it decline by a couple of percentage points over the course of the era. In The China Triangle, Kevin P. Gallagher traces the development of the China-Latin America trade over time and covers how it has affected the centuries-old (and highly unequal) US-Latin American relationship. He argues that despite these opportunities Latin American nations have little to show for riding the coattails of the'China Boom'and now face significant challenges in the next decades as China's economy slows down and shifts more toward consumption and services. While the Latin American region saw significant economic growth due to China's rise over the past decades, Latin Americans saved very little of the windfall profits it earned even as the region saw a significant hollowing of its industrial base. What is more, commodity-led growth during the China boom reignited social and environmental conflicts across the region. Scholars and reporters have covered the Chinese expansion into East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australasia, Africa, the US, and Europe. Yet China's penetration Latin America is as little understood as it is significant-especially for America given its longstanding ties to the region. Gallagher provides a clear overview of China's growing economic ties with Latin America and points to ways that Latin American nations, China, and even the United States can act in order to make the next decades of China-Latin America economic activity more prosperous for all involved.

The book offers a comprehensive and integrated approach to the topic of tourism development and its contribution to the fight against poverty. Tourism development is credited to be a powerful source of regional development and improvement in developing countries, and the focus of the book is on the world's poorest areas and how tourism connects to

This book forges a new approach to historical and geographical change by asking how gender arrangements and dynamics influence the evolution of institutions and environments. This new theoretical approach is applied via mixed methods and a multi-scale framework to bring together unusually diverse phenomena. Regional trends demonstrated with quantitative data include the massive incorporation of women into paid work, demographic masculinization of the countryside and feminization of cities, rapidly increasing gaps that favor women over men in education and life expectancy, and extraordinarily high levels of violence against men. Case studies in Mexico, Chile and Bolivia explore changes influenced by gender practices and expectations that involve men in different ways than women; they also highlight dissimilarities and power relations between differently positioned masculine groups. Ethnographic studies of culturally diverse arrangements, together with particular attention to subordinate versus dominant masculinities, complicate the gender binaries that circumscribe so much research and policy. Drawing attention to imbalances and conflicts generated by inappropriate models and uneven developments, the book points to opportunities for experimenting with and adapting the sociocultural institutions that govern relations among humans and between humans and their environment.