119 results on '"Economic capacity"'
Search Results
2. Can cultural capital, cognitive ability, and economic capacity help rural older adults bridge the digital divide? Evidence from an empirical study
- Author
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Yupeng Cui, Youshi He, Xinglong Xu, Lulin Zhou, and Jonathan Aseye Nutakor
- Subjects
cultural capital ,digital divide ,rural older adults ,cognitive ability ,economic capacity ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundThe digital divide is the difference between individuals who use the Internet and those who do not. Under the triple social environment of urban–rural dichotomy, population aging, and the digital era in China, the existence of digital divide among rural older adults has seriously affected their access to health information through the Internet, so it is urgent to bridge the digital divide problem they face.MethodsBased on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Stress Coping Theory, the impact of cultural capital on the digital divide among rural older adults was systematically analyzed using hierarchical regression and Chained Mediation Effect Tests using data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS).ResultsCultural capital has a significant positive effect on the digital divide among rural older adults (β = 0.178, p
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. Out-of-pocket expenditure on community healthcare services at end-of-life among decedents from cardiovascular disease in six European countries and Israel
- Author
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Aviad Tur-Sinai and Netta Bentur
- Subjects
Cardiovascular disease ,Out-of-pocket ,Economic capacity ,Welfare regime ,SHARE ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Most people who develop chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), live in their homes in the community in their last year of life. Since cost-sharing is common in most countries, including those with universal health insurance, these people incur out of pocket expenditure (OOPE). The study aims to identify the prevalence and measure the size of OOPE among CVD decedents at end-of-life (EOL) explore differences among countries in OOPE, and examine whether the decedents’ characteristics or their countries’ health policy affects OOPE more. Methods SHARE data among people aged 50 + from seven European countries (including Israel) who died from CVD are analyzed. Decedents’ family members are interviewed to learn about OOPE on their relatives’ account. Results We identified 1,335 individuals who had died from CVD (average age 80.8 years, 54% men). More than half of CVD-decedent people spend OOPE on community services at EOL and their expenditure varies widely among countries. About one-third of people in France and Spain had OOPE, rising to around two-thirds in Israel and Italy and almost all in Greece. The average OOPE is 391.9 PPT, with wide variance across countries. Significant odds of OOPE exist in the country variable only, and significant differences exist in the amount of OOPE among countries and duration of illness preceding death. Conclusions Since improving CVD care efficiency and effectiveness are key aims, healthcare policymakers should broaden the investigation into expanding public funding for community services in order to mitigate OOPE, alleviate the economic burden on households, mitigate forgoing of community services due to price, and reduce rehospitalization.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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4. The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
- Author
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G.M. Fedorov
- Subjects
baltic macroregion ,russia ,st. petersburg ,leningrad region ,kaliningrad region ,economic capacity ,international trade turnover ,economic development ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The article explores the challenges encountered during the formation of the Baltic macro-region comprising Russia and eight EU countries (Germany, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) in the context of the ongoing geopolitical and geo-economic changes. The article aims to assess the dynamics, level, structure and pace of economic development of three Russian regions located on the Baltic Sea (St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions) and analyse the intensity of their trade relations with countries of the macro-region. Russian Baltic regions have higher development rates compared to the national average. However, they experience difficulties in their economic development resulting from negative external factors. The article describes possible ways of overcoming these difficulties by improving the sectoral structure of the economy and diversifying international ties. In this context, the development of inter-regional cooperation and the formation of a spatially distributed territorial socio-economic system, including the three Russian Baltic regions, will be particularly beneficial. The period covered by the article is 1996—2021, with a special focus on 2014—2021. The study is based on the economic and statistical analysis of official data of Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service on the sectoral structure and dynamics of the gross regional product (GRP), volume and changes in foreign trade, and its commodity and geographical structure.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Out-of-pocket expenditure on community healthcare services at end-of-life among decedents from cardiovascular disease in six European countries and Israel.
- Author
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Tur-Sinai, Aviad and Bentur, Netta
- Subjects
MEDICAL care costs ,COMMUNITY services ,NATIONAL health insurance ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Objectives: Most people who develop chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), live in their homes in the community in their last year of life. Since cost-sharing is common in most countries, including those with universal health insurance, these people incur out of pocket expenditure (OOPE). The study aims to identify the prevalence and measure the size of OOPE among CVD decedents at end-of-life (EOL) explore differences among countries in OOPE, and examine whether the decedents' characteristics or their countries' health policy affects OOPE more. Methods: SHARE data among people aged 50 + from seven European countries (including Israel) who died from CVD are analyzed. Decedents' family members are interviewed to learn about OOPE on their relatives' account. Results: We identified 1,335 individuals who had died from CVD (average age 80.8 years, 54% men). More than half of CVD-decedent people spend OOPE on community services at EOL and their expenditure varies widely among countries. About one-third of people in France and Spain had OOPE, rising to around two-thirds in Israel and Italy and almost all in Greece. The average OOPE is 391.9 PPT, with wide variance across countries. Significant odds of OOPE exist in the country variable only, and significant differences exist in the amount of OOPE among countries and duration of illness preceding death. Conclusions: Since improving CVD care efficiency and effectiveness are key aims, healthcare policymakers should broaden the investigation into expanding public funding for community services in order to mitigate OOPE, alleviate the economic burden on households, mitigate forgoing of community services due to price, and reduce rehospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
6. INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS ON ROMANIA’S ECONOMIC CAPACITY ASSESSED THROUGH FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION INDICATORS
- Author
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Monica Laura ZLATI, Costinela FORTEA, and Svetlana MIHAILA
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economic capacity ,economic model ,economic resilience ,accounting policies ,value added tax ,crisis. ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Economic capacity is a key element in shaping public policies, with a key role both in forecasting the elements of accounting, fiscal and monetary policy and in carrying out macroand micro-economic strategies. We aim to analyse the benchmarks on economic capacity through the predictable characteristics of economic and financial impact indicators and to determine the size of economic capacity sensitive to uncertainty through an economic model and evolution clusters for VAT and gross value added in relation to the elements of the structure of the economy at a given time. The results are useful for economic decision- makers to assess the necessary changes in accounting, fiscal and monetary policy in order to stabilize economic capacity at an optimally representative level for the current stage of economic development.
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- 2022
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7. Perceived deterioration in health status among older adults in Europe and Israel following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author
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Tur-Sinai, Aviad, Bentur, Netta, and Lamura, Giovanni
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,CHRONIC diseases ,HEALTH status indicators ,PUBLIC health ,SURVEYS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ECONOMIC aspects of diseases ,POLICY sciences ,ODDS ratio ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges in providing medical care for people with health conditions other than COVID-19. The study aims to assess the prevalence of older adults' reportage of decline in health relative to pre-pandemic and to identify its determinants. The study is based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data collected during the pandemic. It comprised 51,778 people in twenty-seven European countries and Israel. Participants were asked about changes in their health status relative to pre-pandemic. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with worsening of health. Nine percent of people (average age 70 years) reported a worsening of health relative to pre-pandemic. A logistic regression revealed a significant relation of the probability of a downturn in health to forgoing, postponing, or being denied an appointment for medical care. Multiple chronic illnesses, developing COVID-19, having at least one form of psychosocial distress, higher age, and lower economic capacity were also found significantly related to the probability of a decline in health. Older adults' comprehensive health needs must be addressed even when healthcare services are under strain due to pandemic outbreaks. Policymakers should attend to the healthcare needs of people whose vulnerability to the pandemic is amplified by chronic health conditions and low socioeconomic status. Public healthcare systems may experience a massive rebound of demand for health care, a challenge that should be mitigated by delivery of healthcare services and the provision of the financial resources that they need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Analysis of Sustainable Capacity of Rural Economy System (Case Study: Central District of Urmia City).
- Author
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soltani, Leila and Taqhilou, Ali Akbar
- Abstract
Population growth, information technology changes, climate change, quantitative and qualitative changes in water and economic developments of the 21st century have greatly affected the rural economy. Therefore managing the rural economy against these changes and shocks requires recognizing the dynamic capacity of its constituents. The research method is based on the purpose of the user and the type is descriptive and analytical. This research was conducted in 1398 with the aim of researching the sustainability of the rural economy of the central district of Urmia and since the present study is descriptive- analytical research, the method of collecting documentary and field information has been used. The statistical population of the study was 9305 households from which 385 people were selected as a sample through Cochran's formula. The sampling method was simple random. Data collection tool was a questionnaire based on variables (agricultural economy, services and industry) in Likert scale. The results show that services and industry activities have contributed to the dynamics of the rural economy that have been somehow dependent on agriculture. Tourism and nature tourism in the services, handicrafts and leather and furniture industries are heavily dependent on farming and livestock activities, which, in the eyes of the people, drive the economy of the village. In these activities, production, cost and production diversification have made a major contribution to the sustainability of the rural economy, ensuring that the rural economy in the region is sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Comprehensive spatial differentiation of territorial communities: case of Zhytomyr region
- Author
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Maria Ilina and Yulia Shpyliova
- Subjects
power reform ,decentralization ,territory ,spatial differentiation ,consolidated territorial community ,economic capacity ,methodology ,algorithm ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Goal of the research. In 2014 in Ukraine the massive decentralization reform has been initiated. It aimed to transform many single administrative units into much larger territorial communities. Spatial differentiation of the newly consolidated communities by values of their proximity to large cities and urban areas within the case of Zhytomyr region is the goal of the article. Methods of the research. Zhytomyr region is one of the most successful in Ukraine on implementation of the administrative reform, decentralization and best practices of the communities’ integration. The region had been selected for the in-depth study taking into account its central location, economic situation and the environment. Data of the State statistics agency of Ukraine, governmental and non-governmental institutions and Google Maps was applied to conduct the research and identify the territories’ groups. The research results. Aiming to perform spatial typology of the newly consolidated territorial communities we differentiated them depending on their proximity to cities and other urban centers firstly. Consequently three types of the communities have been defined: neighboring, relatively remote, and faraway. Distance of the communities to urban centers relates with their area and people size: the closer a territorial unit is located to the city, the smaller is its area and population. Other words, the proximity of a community to the city determines its economic capacity much more than its population and area. Statistical relations between duration of the communities’ consolidation and their spatial types prove the faraway and relatively remote communities have been united earlier than the neighboring. Taking into account the average number of settlements belonging to the one consolidated community it is revealed the closer to the regional center communities include less number of settlements. Two-dimensional classification of the communities by their proximity to regional and rayon centers confirms communities located close to cities and towns have better opportunities for the development. Novelty of the research results. The presented methodological approach to comprehensive differentiation of the territorial communities can be applied to identify their challenges, threats and prospects. For this purpose, the algorithm is proposed which combines indicators of spatial differentiation of rural areas, their economic status, social infrastructure, and the environment. Practical significance. The proposed methodological approach to spatial differentiation of rural territories is aimed assisting representatives of the communities, local self-government bodies and state authorities to develop and refine local strategies and programs, update coherent plans and identify target communities for certain projects.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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10. The impact of paid employment on women's empowerment: A case study of female garment workers in Bangladesh
- Author
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Md Abdullah Al Mamun and Md Mahmudul Hoque
- Subjects
Paid employment ,Women's empowerment ,Garment workers ,Economic capacity ,Freedom ,Self-esteem ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The role of the Ready-made Garment (RMG) sector in transforming the lives of working women in Bangladesh has been controversial. This study examines the impact of paid employment in the RMG sector on the empowerment of its female workers. The fieldwork includes semi-structured interviews with female garment workers to explore their lived experiences and views. The primary qualitative data analysis draws principally on Kabeer's (1999) three inter-related dimensions (resources, agency, and achievements) of empowerment. The main findings of the research are that women with access to employment opportunities in this sector have become economically empowered and independent. The higher economic capacity gives them greater autonomy and makes them confident to make some household and strategic life choices. Increased access to public spaces and consciousness about their right to make life choices have boosted their self-esteem. The study concludes that paid employment in the RMG sector has a significant positive impact on the economic, social, and psychological empowerment of female workers in the readymade garments sector. However, some critical constraints in the sector continue to limit their potential for being further empowered. The findings offer valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers.
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- 2022
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11. Can cultural capital, cognitive ability, and economic capacity help rural older adults bridge the digital divide? Evidence from an empirical study.
- Author
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Cui Y, He Y, Xu X, Zhou L, and Nutakor JA
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Male, China, Female, Middle Aged, Empirical Research, Social Capital, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Digital Divide, Cognition
- Abstract
Background: The digital divide is the difference between individuals who use the Internet and those who do not. Under the triple social environment of urban-rural dichotomy, population aging, and the digital era in China, the existence of digital divide among rural older adults has seriously affected their access to health information through the Internet, so it is urgent to bridge the digital divide problem they face., Methods: Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Stress Coping Theory, the impact of cultural capital on the digital divide among rural older adults was systematically analyzed using hierarchical regression and Chained Mediation Effect Tests using data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS)., Results: Cultural capital has a significant positive effect on the digital divide among rural older adults ( β = 0.178, p < 0.01). Cognitive ability and economic capacity both play independent intermediary effects between cultural capital and digital divide among rural older adults, and the intermediary chain formed by the two plays a chain intermediary effect. The increase in the cultural capital of rural older adults has led to an increase in their cognitive ability and economic capacity, which ultimately has a favorable effect on the bridging of the digital divide. Heterogeneity results suggest that cultural capital is more effective in bridging the digital divide among male rural older adults aged 60-69., Conclusion: Cultural capital is able to bridge the digital divide faced by rural older adults and is age and gender heterogeneous. At the same time, improved cognitive ability and economic capacity can also help rural older adults bridge the digital divide. Therefore, it is proposed that we increase the construction of public cultural service infrastructure in rural areas, liaise with community neighborhood committees and village committees to do a good job of publicity, improve training measures for key groups, and maintain the enthusiasm of rural older adults for learning, so as to provide references for the rural older adults in China and developing countries in general to bridge the digital divide., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cui, He, Xu, Zhou and Nutakor.)
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The implications of fiscal decentralization and budget governance on economic capacity and community welfare
- Author
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Purbadharmaja, Ida Bagus Putu, Maryunani, Ananda, Candra Fajri, and Santoso, Dwi Budi
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Comprehensive spatial differentiation of territorial communities: case of Zhytomyr region.
- Author
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Ilina, Maria V. and Shpyliova, Yulia B.
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *INNER cities , *ALGORITHMS , *METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Goal of the research. In 2014 in Ukraine the massive decentralization reform has been initiated. It aimed to transform many single administrative units into much larger territorial communities. Spatial differentiation of the newly consolidated communities by values of their proximity to large cities and urban areas within the case of Zhytomyr region is the goal of the article. Methods of the research. Zhytomyr region is one of the most successful in Ukraine on implementation of the administrative reform, decentralization and best practices of the communities’ integration. The region had been selected for the in-depth study taking into account its central location, economic situation and the environment. Data of the State statistics agency of Ukraine, governmental and non-governmental institutions and Google Maps was applied to conduct the research and identify the territories’ groups. The research results. Aiming to perform spatial typology of the newly consolidated territorial communities we differentiated them depending on their proximity to cities and other urban centers firstly. Consequently three types of the communities have been defined: neighboring, relatively remote, and faraway. Distance of the communities to urban centers relates with their area and people size: the closer a territorial unit is located to the city, the smaller is its area and population. Other words, the proximity of a community to the city determines its economic capacity much more than its population and area. Statistical relations between duration of the communities’ consolidation and their spatial types prove the faraway and relatively remote communities have been united earlier than the neighboring. Taking into account the average number of settlements belonging to the one consolidated community it is revealed the closer to the regional center communities include less number of settlements. Two-dimensional classification of the communities by their proximity to regional and rayon centers confirms communities located close to cities and towns have better opportunities for the development. Novelty of the research results. The presented methodological approach to comprehensive differentiation of the territorial communities can be applied to identify their challenges, threats and prospects. For this purpose, the algorithm is proposed which combines indicators of spatial differentiation of rural areas, their economic status, social infrastructure, and the environment. Practical significance. The proposed methodological approach to spatial differentiation of rural territories is aimed assisting representatives of the communities, local self-government bodies and state authorities to develop and refine local strategies and programs, update coherent plans and identify target communities for certain projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Impact of economic capabilities and population agglomeration on PM2.5 emission: empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries.
- Author
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Malik, Summaira, Iqbal, Asim, Imran, Asma, Usman, Muhammad, Nadeem, Muhammad, Asif, Saira, and Bokhari, Awais
- Subjects
ECONOMIES of agglomeration ,ECONOMIC impact ,CITY dwellers ,PARTICULATE matter ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
The utilization of economic capabilities to raise production in the economy enhances the industrial activities and use of transportation. These activities deteriorate the quality of the environment and raise the level of particulate matter (PM
2.5 ). The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of economic capabilities and population agglomeration on PM2.5 emissions for the sample of 23 sub-Saharan African countries—a highly polluted region of the world. The study used panel regression from 2007 to 2015 and found that production capabilities are highly significant and directly effecting PM2.5 emissions. The Kuznets hypothesis does not hold in this region, and the concentration of population in urban areas is also significant. To avoid the problem of possible endogeneity in the empirical model and for robustness check, the study also utilized system GMM and found consistent results. The findings of the study are highly valuable to reduce PM2.5 and propose that the policymakers in Sub-Saharan African countries should opt for industrial specialization rather than economic complexity and ensure that the proper measures are taken to control PM2.5 . Moreover, population concentrations should not be taken place in a few main urban cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. LA PRESCRIPCIÓN TRIBUTARIA COMO INSTITUCIÓN EXTINTIVA DE FUNDAMENTO MÚLTIPLE.
- Author
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González Aparicio, Marta
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LIMITATION of actions ,TAXATION ,PUBLIC finance ,TAX laws ,ADMINISTRATIVE law - Abstract
Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. LA IMPUGNACIÓN DEL VALOR DE REFERENCIA.
- Author
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Marín-Barnuevo Fabo, Diego and Manuel Herrero, Juan
- Subjects
TAX laws ,INHERITANCE & succession ,INHERITANCE & transfer tax ,REAL property ,CERTAINTY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Técnica Tributaria is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Asesores Fiscales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. INCIDENCIA DE LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL 59/2017, DE 11 DE MAYO, EN LA TRIBUTACIÓN EN EL IRPF DE PÉRDIDAS PATRIMONIALES RESULTANTES DE LA TRANSMISIÓN DE PARTICIPACIONES EN SOCIEDADES DE RESPONSABILIDAD LIMITADA.
- Author
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Carrasco Forcada, Moisés
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Técnica Tributaria is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Asesores Fiscales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Measuring financial knowledge: a macroeconomic perspective.
- Author
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Oliver-Márquez, Francisco J., Guarnido-Rueda, Almudena, and Amate-Fortes, Ignacio
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CONSUMER preferences ,GENDER ,STOCK exchanges ,RETIREMENT planning ,PENSIONS ,INCOME inequality - Abstract
Building an indicator which measures countries' financial knowledge allowing comparisons between them and throughout time is the objective of this paper. Currently, this is a lack in this research field, whose previous works were oriented to microeconomic analysis using survey that not only covered interviewees' financial knowledge but also some of their individual characteristics (e.g. race, ethnic, gender, age, among others). Perhaps that is why there is empirical evidence about the effect of this knowledge on matters such as saving and retirement planning, stock market participation, product and services choice, or over-indebtedness, for example. But its effects on economic variables like development and inequality (among others) have hardly been explored. Therefore, the longitudinal design of our Financial Knowledge Index might contribute to turn definitively towards the macroeconomic perspective in this incipient research field. Our results are consistent with previous works and reveal those countries which have more robust and more mature financial system (some of them have financial matters in their school curricula) register better positions respect with the rest of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Increasing Economic Capacity of Rural Community Through The Use Of Local Ecological Potency Based
- Author
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Ansori Ansori and Tita Rosita
- Subjects
economic capacity ,local ecology ,community learning center. ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 - Abstract
Capacity-building is a series of efforts undertaken to provide maximum capacity or output improvement. In this research, the economic capacity of rural communities is enhanced through the ecological potential in the cultural context. Therefore, this research has much to do with various forms of community life to develop all the potential environmental, potential and cultural potential of human beings there. The method used in this research is qualitative method and using triangulation approach, where the existence of research process involving three parties as source of validation of information obtained. The subjects of this research are PKBM Geger Sunten, PKBM Kinanti, and PKBM Bina Terampil Mandiri which are all located in West Bandung Regency. The results of this study after the counseling through PKBM related to the utilization of ecological potential in cultural context, the surrounding community increasingly aware of the importance of ecological potential. It is seen that the community understanding around PKBM area has increased, ie PKBM Geger sunten from 33% to 75%, PKBM Kinanti from 37% to 72%, PKBM Bina skilled self-reliant from 25% to 70% and creativity began to emerge in the community in developing the potential to serve improve the economic capacity of the community
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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20. Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesinin İktisadi Kapasitesi ve Çin Tarafından Uygulanan Borç Diplomasisi.
- Author
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YILMAZ, SERDAR
- Subjects
- *
BELT & Road Initiative , *CHINESE people , *INFRASTRUCTURE funds , *DEVELOPMENT banks , *BANK investments , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
With the One Belt One Road (OBOR) project, the most expensive project in the world planned to be completed in 2049 and is expected to spend 100 trillion dollars in total, China would like to connect Asia, Europe and Africa continents by sea and land. Thus, China provides large amounts of grants and loans using many national and international institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank, the Silk Road Fund, the China Development Bank and the New Development Bank. Debt diplomacy starts at this point. The lack of rigorous intervention by the Chinese government on how to spend high amounts of loans pushes the borrowing states to borrow more from China who earns a political intervention over debtor countries. In other words, bilateral relations, which started with economic motives, turn into political pressure through debt diplomacy. With this strategy, the Chinese state consolidates her global domination by increasing the number of dependent states to China. This study makes an important claim. OBOR project will both provide opportunities and advantages for the countries involved in the project and it will create an opportunity for political intervention for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
21. Endogenous growth and economic capacity: Theory and empirical evidence for the NAFTA countries
- Author
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Ignacio Perrotini-Hernàndez and Juan Alberto Vàzquez-Munoz
- Subjects
endogenous growth ,empirical studies of economic growth ,economic capacity ,Political science ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
he paper sheds light on the relevance of economic capacity utilisation, capital accumulation and effective demand for the endogeneity of the natural growth rate with respect to normal, depressive and expansive growth regimes. Apart from contributing to fill this theoretical gap, a new model is developed for estimating the elasticity of the natural growth rate, with a specific focus on Canada, Mexico and the United States, throughout the pre-NAFTA and post-NAFTA periods. It is shown that growth regimes are related to the utilisation of economic capacity, while the elasticities of the expansive and depressive natural rates of growth vis-à-vis the normal rate are related to effective demand. It is also found that the normal, depressive and expansive natural rates of growth decreased since the inception of NAFTA, due to the concomitant decline in the growth rate of economic capacity. JEL Classification: O47, O51, O54
- Published
- 2017
22. Use of Freed-Up Shares as Payment Method Influences the Economic Capacity of Minority Shareholders
- Author
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Torre Padilla, Abdias Armando
- Subjects
dividendos ,minority shareholders ,economic capacity ,dividends ,capacidad económica ,Accionistas minoritarios - Abstract
This study examines how the payment of dividends through freed-up shares by companies listed on the Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL) during the period 2009-2016 has negatively affected the economic capacity of minority shareholders. The dividend policy adopted by these companies has caused economic harm due to the distribution of freed-up shares instead of cash dividends. The shareholders’ concern is justified as they expect a cash return on their investment, as dividends are considered their natural source of income. This provides them with immediate access to cash when needed, whereas receiving freed-up shares does not. To avoid further damage to the economic capacity of minority shareholders, the solution is to shift the dividend policy model from distributing freed-up shares to paying dividends in cash. The evidence gathered in this study provides information on the distribution of freed-up shares to shareholders, and the analysis conducted through indicators can be used as a model. Ultimately, the study concludes that the payment of dividends through freed-up shares has a negative impact on the economic capacity of minority shareholders., La presente investigación analiza cómo el pago de dividendos mediante acciones liberadas por parte de las empresas en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima (BVL) afecta negativamente la capacidad económica de los accionistas minoritarios durante el período 2009-2016, política de dividendos adoptada por las empresas que les han perjudicado económicamente, situación ocasionada por la distribución de acciones liberadas y no de dividendos en efectivo. Tal preocupación se justifica porque los accionistas esperaban un retorno en efectivo de su inversión, ya que ven a los dividendos como su fuente natural de ingresos, lo que implica tener fondos en efectivo que estarían disponibles cuando los necesitaran y lo que sucedió fue que les entregaron acciones liberadas y no recibieron efectivo. La solución pasa por reorientar el modelo de política de dividendos, el pago de dividendos mediante acciones liberadas al pago de dividendos en efectivo para así evitar que se siga afectando a su capacidad económica. La evidencia obtenida brinda información sobre las acciones liberadas que se entregan a los accionistas e incluso el análisis realizado a través de indicadores puede servir de modelo. Finalmente, se comprobó que el pago de dividendos mediante acciones liberadas influye negativamente sobre la capacidad económica de los accionistas minoritarios.
- Published
- 2023
23. ACUMULACIÓN DE CAPITAL Y LA ENDOGENEIDAD DE LA TASA NATURAL DE CRECIMIENTO: UNA APLICACIÓN PARA LA ECONOMÍA MEXICANA Y SUS ESTADOS.
- Author
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Vázquez Muñoz, Juan Alberto, Chávez Palma, Alejandro Adán, and Zavaleta González, Josué
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SAVINGS ,GROWTH rate ,AUTUMN - Abstract
Copyright of Economía Coyuntural, Revista de Temas de Coyuntura y Perspectivas is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas y Sociales Jose Ortiz Mercado (IIES-JOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
24. Methodological Tools for the Assessment of Ecological and Socio-Economic Environment in the Region within the Limits of the Sustainability of Biosphere
- Author
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Aleksey Yuryevich Davankov, Dmitry Yuryevich Dvinin, and Yevgeniy Anatolyevich Postnikov
- Subjects
ecological and socio-economic environment in the region ,economic capacity ,sustainability ,material and energy flows ,stability of the biosphere ,natural-economic system ,bearing capacity ,resource intensity ,stability indicator ,labour productivity ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of ecological and socio-economic environment as well as the development of effective methodological tool for the assessment of its stability. This tool allows to ascertain the level of economic activity of the regions within the limits of the sustainability of biosphere. In the article, the regional system is considered as the total of industrial enterprises, social infrastructure and natural environment creating a specific territorial ecological and socio-economic environment, whose stability depends on the level of economic activity measured by the capacity of territorial ecosystem. The use of a technique for the comparative assessment of the energy indicators of economic activity creating a specific ecological and socio-economic environment of the region as well as of the indicator of the ecological capacity of the territory is proved. The ecological capacity of the territory enables to better estimate the level of the sustainability of the region within the limits of sustainability of biosphere. This method allows to forecast the development of the studied territory by the measurement of general energy flow on the basis of closed material and energy flows. The research revealed an indicator of the sustainability of ecological and socio-economic environment of Ural Federal District. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is the most stable, the Chelyabinsk region is the least stable, which is associated with both natural conditions and the specificities of economic structure. The labour productivity indicator, expressed in energy units, has revealed regions with rich natural resources. It was found that in these regions, there are significant material flows in the electricity industry that leads to a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The assessment of the demographic capacity fully correlates with the calculations of the stability indicator of the regional system and the analysis of labour productivity in the region. In the future, these methodological tools will allow to develop a model of the management of a sustainable ecological and socio-economic environment of the region, taking into account the environmental capacity of biosphere
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Economic effects of capital cities
- Author
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Petar Filipić
- Subjects
capital city ,economic capacity ,income related effects ,fiscal effects ,moving ,polycentrism ,Law - Abstract
Using theory and case study, this paper investigates the economic benefits a city has when it is the country's capital city and pursuant to this what that city would lose if the word „capital“ was removed from it. That it is not about a scientific art for art’s sake situation, speaks the fact that over the last one hundred years in over two hundred counties world wide a completely new or shifted existing capital city has been built. With the help of a series of multipliers, the fiscal and income related effects of „capital “are identified in the existing capital city as are the influences on employment and population numbers of the capital city. In the study of the suggested cases the methodology applied to Zagreb, the capital city of Croatia is suggested. Finally, the scenario of shifting the potential „capital“ to other locations within the country is suggested, whether it be (a) a place where there is no population or applicable infrastructure or (b) another existing town. A third scenario is proposed which disintegrates „capital” and some of its functions and institutions shift to a number of various places within the country. In opposition to political decisions which historically have dominantly determined the location of the capital city, this paper primarily emphasises economic criteria which should ultimately lead to even (polycentric) development of the country as a whole.
- Published
- 2016
26. Impact of economic capabilities and population agglomeration on PM2.5 emission: empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries
- Author
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Malik, Summaira, Iqbal, Asim, Imran, Asma, Usman, Muhammad, Nadeem, Muhammad, Asif, Saira, and Bokhari, Awais
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Principio de la Capacidad Económica y sus Efectos en la Tributación Ambiental
- Author
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Olachica Vargas, Aderson Alirio and Romero Molina, César Augusto
- Subjects
Pollutants ,Capacidad económica ,Principio ,Economic capacity ,gestión ambiental ,Legislador ,Contaminantes ,Extrafiscal ,Tributo ambiental ,Environmental taxation ,Principle ,politica ambiental ,impuestos sobre la utilización de recursos naturales ,Legislator ,recursos ambientales - legislación - Abstract
El presente documento presenta una investigación respecto al principio de la capacidad económica y sus efectos en la tributación ambiental. Para tal fin, se realizará un análisis normativo, jurisprudencial y doctrinal que abordan la tributación ambiental que rige en Colombia. Además, se describirá la estructura tributaria ambiental en el país desde el punto de vista del principio de capacidad contributiva para compensar los impactos negativos ocasionados al medioambiente. De la misma forma, se identifica el marco legal, jurisprudencial y doctrinal de la tributación ambiental que rige en Colombia, al tiempo que se explica cómo aplica el principio de capacidad contributiva sobre los tributos medio ambientales en Colombia. Para lograr lo anterior, se implementó una metodología de tipo investigativo descriptivo-analítico, con un enfoque cualitativo y diseño de revisión documental; este último se utilizó mediante fuentes primarias y secundarias, como los documentos de las instituciones públicas, documentación tanto de la Corte Constitucional (jurisprudencia); de tal forma que permitió concluir que la fiscalidad ambiental tiene como objetivo proteger el medio ambiente, por el ejercicio del deber de contribuir, por lo tanto, todo aquel que tiene determinado nivel de capacidad económica debe contribuir, lo que obliga a clasificar como hechos imponibles todas las circunstancias indicativas de esta capacidad económica. This paper presents a research on the principle of economic capacity and its effects on environmental taxation. To this end, a normative, jurisprudential and doctrinal analysis of the environmental taxation in Colombia will be carried out. In addition, the environmental tax structure in the country will be described from the point of view of the principle of contributive capacity to compensate the negative impacts caused to the environment. Likewise, the legal, jurisprudential and doctrinal framework of environmental taxation in Colombia is identified, while explaining how the principle of contributive capacity applies to environmental taxes in Colombia. To achieve the above, a descriptive-analytical research methodology was implemented, with a qualitative approach and documentary review design; the latter was used through primary and secondary sources, such as documents of public institutions, documentation of the Constitutional Court (jurisprudence); in such a way that it allowed concluding that environmental taxation has the objective of protecting the environment, through the exercise of the duty to contribute, therefore, everyone who has a certain level of economic capacity must contribute, which makes it necessary to classify as taxable events all the circumstances indicative of this economic capacity. Magister en Derecho Tributario http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Maestría
- Published
- 2023
28. Girls in School: The 'Girls’ School' Genre at the New Frontier
- Author
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Goodman, Robin Truth and Goodman, Robin Truth
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Esperando por uma tributação ideal: o imperativo categórico da capacidade contributiva.
- Author
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Canuto Coelho, André Felipe and Estima Borba, Bruna
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. LA DETERMINACIÓN DE LA BASE IMPONIBLE EN EL IIVTNU Y LOS LÍMITES DE LA CAPACIDAD ECONÓMICA: COMENTARIO A LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL 59/2017, DE 11 DE MAYO DE 2017 (PLENO). CUESTIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD EN RELACIÓN CON DIVERSOS PRECEPTOS DEL REAL DECRETO LEGISLATIVO 2/2004, DE 5 DE MARZO.
- Author
-
Hernández Guijarro, Fernando
- Abstract
Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
31. IGUALDADE E CAPACIDADE CONTRIBUTIVA, LIMITAÇÕES AO PODER DE TRIBUTAR.
- Author
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Caetano Petuba, Claudia Aniceto
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. LUCES Y SOMBRAS DEL COPAGO EN EL SISTEMA PARA LA AUTONOMÍA Y ATENCIÓN A LA DEPENDENCIA.
- Author
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AYALA GONZÁLEZ, EDUARDO
- Subjects
- *
COPAYMENTS (Insurance) , *TAXATION , *TAX laws , *WELFARE state , *PUBLIC spending , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *DEPENDENTS , *LEGAL status of dependents - Abstract
Welfare services were traditionally funded by taxes. However, a new tax concept have risen in our country in the last years: co-payment. The welfare state crisis has provoked for a need for governments to look for new ways to balance the government budget with negative effects in those who are most vulnerable: dependent people. The aim of this paper is to study the legal problems created by the establishment of a co-payment in the System for Personal Autonomy and Care for Dependent People (SAAD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Methods for Evaluating Social Vulnerability to Drought
- Author
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Iglesias, Ana, Moneo, Marta, Quiroga, Sonia, Iglesias, Ana, editor, Cancelliere, Antonino, editor, Wilhite, Donald A., editor, Garrote, Luis, editor, and Cubillo, Francisco, editor
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. ¿Debe tenerse en cuenta la capacidad económica del sujeto obligado en la tipicidad del delito de omisión a la asistencia familiar?
- Author
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Vinelli Vereau, Renzo Antonio and Sifuentes Small, Aitana
- Subjects
CRIME analysis ,CIVIL law ,DEBTOR & creditor ,CRIME ,CRIMINAL law - Abstract
Copyright of IUS ET VERITAS is the property of Asociación IUS ET VERITAS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Ecological Limits of the Growth of Civilization
- Author
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Losev, Kim S. and Burdyuzha, Vladimir, editor
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Future Security in Southeast Asia: Preparing for a Changing of the Guard
- Author
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Bert, Wayne and Bert, Wayne
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Meanings of Things
- Author
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Staniforth, Mark, Arnold, J. Barto, III, editor, and Staniforth, Mark
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. PROGRESSIVIDADE DO IMPOSTO DE RENDA DA PESSOA FÍSICA NO BRASIL: REALIDADE OU MITO?
- Author
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Coelho, André Felipe Canuto and Borba, Bruna Estima
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Thesis Juris is the property of Revista Thesis Juris and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. EFECTOS DE LAS SENTENCIAS DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL QUE DECLARAN LA INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD DE DIVERSOS ARTÍCULOS DEL IMPUESTO SOBRE EL INCREMENTO DE VALOR DE LOS TERRENOS DE NATURALEZA URBANA.
- Author
-
Cantón, Manuel Alías
- Abstract
Copyright of Crónica Tributaria is the property of Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Ministerio de Hacienda y Funcion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
40. UNA REFLEXIÓN SOBRE LOS EFECTOS DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD DEL IMPUESTO MUNICIPAL SOBRE EL INCREMENTO DEL VALOR DE LOS TERRENOS DE NATURALEZA URBANA.
- Author
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CREMADES SCHULZ, MIGUEL and VÉLEZ FRAGA, MANUEL
- Subjects
- *
CONSTITUTIONAL courts , *URBAN land use , *PUBLIC administration , *TAXATION , *PUBLIC sector , *HISTORY - Abstract
The judgment of the Constitutional Court of 11 May 2017 ruled that the Tax on the increase in the value of urban land is against Spanish Constitution when there is not a real increase in the value of the land, considering the date of its acquisition and the date of its transfer. This work deals with the issues that remain open after the judgment: what is the situation of the proceedings initiated before the judgment in which the Tax was applied; what actions may be taken in accordance to tax regulation in order to recover the taxes already paid; and whether the regulation on the financial liability of State would be applicable, taking into account the currently in force Law 40/2015, of 1 October, on the regulation of public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
41. PERSONAL INCOME TAXATION IN BRAZIL: NOT REALLY THAT PROGRESSIVE.
- Author
-
Coelho, André Felipe Canuto and Borba, Bruna Estima
- Subjects
INCOME tax ,TAXATION - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional Econômico e Tributário (RDIET) is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional Economico e Tributario (RDIET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
42. Water as driver of economic capacity: Introducing a physical economic model.
- Author
-
O'Hara, Sabine and Kakovitch, Thomas S.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC models , *PROCESS capability , *ECOLOGICAL economics , *HYDROLOGIC cycle , *NITROGEN cycle - Abstract
Ecological economics has long affirmed that all economic activity takes place within a context of physical, ecological, and biological systems we commonly refer to as 'the environment'. As a subsystem of the environment, the economy cannot escape the rules and behaviors of the systems that form its context. This places constraints on the rate at which inputs can be extracted and transformed into outputs of useful goods and services, and on the rate at which the emission and waste by-products of economic activity can be processed and absorbed. Extracting resources and releasing emissions and waste in excess of the processing capacities of the environment will result in growing pressures on resourcing and sink capacities and ultimately impair the capacity of the economic subsystem itself. We examine the hydrological cycle as an empirical example of the constraints a physical/environmental context system places on the economic capacity of five countries with different economic characteristics: China, Germany, India, Russia, and the United States. By calculating the amount of energy available for freshwater evaporation and the allocation of freshwater to domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses, we replicate the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the five countries with our calculated GDP levels ranging from 93 to 99% of the reported levels. Our findings suggest four important lessons: (1) the hydrological cycle impacts the capacity of economies with different characteristics; (2) the processing capacity of nature is considerably more efficient than available technological substitutions; (3) the non-use of water, and possibly of other resources, is as valuable (or more) as its use; and (4) price policies can be effective in steering resource use and non-use in the right direction by incentivizing higher savings in available freshwater rather than incentivizing its efficient use. Our findings encourage further research on the capacity implications of other critical physical cycles (i.e. the carbon and nitrogen cycle) captured in the ecosystems category 'supporting ecosystem services'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. EL DESARROLLO DE LOS PRINCIPIOS CONSTITUCIONALES TRIBUTARIOS DE CARÁCTER MATERIAL EN LA JURISPRUDENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION OF MATERIAL NATURE IN THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT
- Author
-
Patricio Masbernat Muñoz
- Subjects
Tributación ,principios tributarios ,igualdad tributaria ,capacidad económica ,no confiscatoriedad ,Taxation ,taxation principles ,tax equity ,economic capacity ,not confiscatory ,Law - Abstract
El presente trabajo busca identificar las ideas ínsitas en la jurisprudencia constitucional chilena acerca de los principios materiales tributarios, particularmente, la igualdad tributaria y la no confiscatoriedad. Se añade al principio de capacidad económica, por necesidades del programa de investigación. Para lograr el objetivo, se utilizan algunos elementos propios del análisis del discurso. Pero, y es lo esencial, se busca aportar a la dogmatización de los principios materiales tributarios, esfuerzo hasta ahora desatendido en nuestro medio, y en tal perspectiva, el método usado para analizar la jurisprudencia necesariamente se diferenciará de otros estudios. El presente trabajo tampoco sigue el método tradicional en el sentido de vincular esta materia a la teoría constitucional del orden público económico. En la conclusión se estructuran los que son, a juicio del autor, los elementos centrales de la concepción jurisprudencial de los principios materiales tributarios.This paper seeks to identify the intrinsic ideas in the chilean constitutional jurisprudence about the material principles of taxation, particularly, equality and non-confiscatory tax. It is addded the principle of economic capacity, as a necessity of the research program. To achieve the goal, some elements of discourse analysis are used. But, essentially, to seek to contribute to the dogmatism of the material principles of taxation, an effort until now neglected in our country, and in this perspective, the method used to analyze the jurisprudence necessarily will differ from other studies. This work does not follow the traditional method, in the sense of linking this matter to the constitutional theory to the public economic order. In the conclusion, it is structured what according to the author are the central elements of the jurisprudential conception of the material principles of taxation.
- Published
- 2012
44. Principles of an Ecological Fiscal Reform
- Author
-
Vallender, Klaus A., Jacobs, Reto, and Jeanrenaud, Claude, editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Sub-National Island Jurisdictions as Configurations of Jurisdictional Powers and Economic Capacity: Nordic Experiences from Åland, Faroes and Greenland
- Author
-
Agneta Karlsson
- Subjects
Åland ,economic capacity ,Faroes ,Greenland ,innovative capacity ,jurisdictional powers ,resourcefulness ,sub-national island jurisdictions ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 - Abstract
This paper is concerned with the relationship between jurisdictional powers and economic and innovative capacity in the context of sub-national island jurisdictions (SNIJs). The “jurisdictional powers thesis”, prominent in the present island studies debate, is confronted and discussed with reference to an empirical, comparative, study of the three Nordic SNIJs: the Åland Islands, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The paper takes as its point of departure an ideal-type SNIJ which is characterized by a good match between jurisdictional powers and economic capacity; it then analyzes the three cases in terms of this ideal-type. Three different types of configurations emerge, representing three types of “deviations” from the ideal-type SNIJ; these are discussed in terms of their development potentialities.
- Published
- 2009
46. La discapacidad en las estadísticas del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas.
- Author
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Carbajo Vasco, Domingo
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. 抗衡或扈從: 14 個歐亞國家對俄國外交 政策選擇的再檢視.
- Author
-
薛健吾
- Abstract
Copyright of Soochow Journal of Political Science is the property of Soochow Journal of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
48. What are Economic Sanctions?
- Author
-
Miyagawa, Makio and Miyagawa, Makio
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Can recycled water policy in China adapt to local conditions: A policy implementation perspective.
- Author
-
Zhang, Tingting and Shen, Dajun
- Subjects
- *
FISCAL capacity , *REGRESSION analysis , *DISCRETION - Abstract
In response to the water crisis, recycled water policy framework has been formulated by the central since 2000. Given the significant differences across China, local adaptive implementation under the central policy framework is allowed. Without consideration of the local performance, the previous studies less concerned on the impact from local performance and resulted in the biased evaluation on the implementation effectiveness. To fill the knowledge gap and support to mobilize adaptive implementation, this paper revisits the local implementation effectiveness according to the local adaptiveness. The paper examines the local implementation logics under top-down intervention and local conditions using text data from policy documents and the Cox Regression Model. The modified ambiguity-conflict theory was used to identify the local adaptiveness and the key constraints. The results suggest that local implementation is shaped by the dominant force of central intervention, the secondary influence of local capacity, and the minor effect of policy problems. Local adaptiveness varies across cities due to differences in local capacity. Cities with better fiscal capacity chose to innovative implementation in the face of weaker intervention, and remained adaptively implement polices with tightened central intervention. Cities with undeveloped economy preferred to perform as the central designed, with little regard for local specifics, while did not act even with enough discretion. To mobilize adaptive implementation, it is suggested that the intervention system should be divided into categories based on economic capacity. As a supplement to the target assessment system, a flexible performance assessment system should be designed. [Display omitted] • Implementation effectiveness is assessed by adaptiveness. • Central intervention plays a significant role and local policy problem not. • Economic-developed city responded slowly under stronger central intervention. • Mechanical implementation more likely emerged in undeveloped cities. • Classified interventions should be designed according to the economic capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The dynamics of China-Ethiopia trade relations: economic capacity, balance of trade & trade regimes.
- Author
-
Venkataraman, Manickam and Gofie, Solomon M
- Subjects
ETHIOPIAN economy, 1974- ,ETHIOPIAN politics & government, 1991- ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
China's trade with Ethiopia currently at 1.3 billion USD annually is expected to rise to US$3 billion by 2015. This not only informs the level of bilateral trade ties that Ethiopia has had with China as compared to any other country in the region but also signifies the highest and the closest level of bilateral relations that Ethiopia has built upwith China over the past decade since the new government under Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took over power in 1991. There have been extensive debates on China's role in Africa - whether it could be viewed as a constructive partner or otherwise. This essay puts forward the argument that while trade ties as one important channel of bilateral relations that China has embarked with the outside world and particularly with Africa is uneven and lop-sided. This is true of the Ethiopian context as well particularly when we look at the economic capacity, balance of trade and at the two countries relations with international trade regimes. While China is a full member of WTO for over a decade Ethiopia on the other hand has been aspiring to become a member for some time now and hence one of the important aspect of Ethio-China trade relations is the heavy reliance on bilateral/international trade regimes. Therefore, this research is aimed at unraveling the dynamics in Sino-Ethiopia trade relations with emphasis on the economic capacity of the two countries, balance of trade and explore whether Ethiopia's attempts to join WTO would lead to a more predictable trade relations between the two countries. In this attempt the research would largely rely on the analysis of relevant archival resources and literatures directly relating to the themes in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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