Search

Renewable power generation is the key to decarbonizing the electricity system. Wind power is the fastest-growing renewable source of electricity in the United States. However, expanding wind capacity often faces local opposition, partly due to a perceived visual disamenity from large wind turbines. Here, we provide a US-wide assessment of the externality costs of wind power generation through the visibility impact on property values. To this end, we create a database on wind turbine visibility, combining information on the site and height of each utility-scale turbine having fed power into the U.S. grid, with a high-resolution elevation map to account for the underlying topography of the landscape. Building on hedonic valuation theory, we statistically estimate the impact of wind turbine visibility on home values, informed by data from the majority of home sales in the United States since 1997. We find that on average, wind turbine visibility negatively affects home values in an economically and statistically significant way in close proximity ([Formula: see text]5 miles/8 km). However, the effect diminishes over time and in distance and is indistinguishable from zero for larger distances and toward the end of our sample.

While policy interest and research on recreational ecosystem services (RES) has increased substantially, insights into the actual flows of benefits to people have remained scarce, especially at levels beyond local communities. This paper aims to model RES Flows and Benefits for Germany in monetary and non-monetary terms. We use Germany as a case study due its diversity of landscapes and availability of relevant spatial and empirical data. We develop and apply an assessment approach that considers RES Demand and Supply based on user preferences. Our results show distinct demand–supply matches and mismatches, for example in southwest Germany, and highest flows near population centres. Monetary benefits are highest in counties with high RES Supply that are close to densely populated areas. Our results can usefully inform planning and decision-making, for example to improve and further justify destination management, landscape development, and investments in RES at local, regional, and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural wetlands or wetland agroecosystems are crucial for sustainable farming practices, particularly in developing countries. These wetlands provide a range of economic and environmental benefits by enhancing the resilience of agricultural systems and conserving natural ecosystems. This study focuses on the economic valuation of ecosystem services in wetland agroecosystems within developing countries. We conducted a systematic review and meta-regression analysis based on 38 selected studies across developing countries to unveil the key factors influencing the economic value of these ecosystem services. The findings indicate that the size of the wetland has a positive correlation with its ecosystem service value, while coastal wetlands hold less economic value compared to inland wetlands. The study also identified other significant factors that impact the value of these services, such as higher food production, climate, disturbance regulation, and existence and bequest values. The analysis suggests that wetland values derived from revealed preference methods were higher than those from stated preference methods. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of population density, urban settings, and Ramsar status in shaping the economic value of ecosystem services in wetland agroecosystems. The results of this study can inform policymakers and conservation practitioners and emphasise the need for additional site-specific valuation studies to enhance understanding and guide effective management practices in wetland agroecosystems of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the vast regions of the world, natural resources have been part of the development of communities. However, there is an inertia of deterioration in their ecosystems, affecting the different existing forms of life. This work analyzes the theory and facts related to the economic valuation of forest resources in some countries, including Mexico. The payments for ecosystem services (PSE) model has been implemented for decades in several countries and since then interest has grown in studying aspects such as preservation management, practices, as well as their various economic, social and political implications. The hypothesis is that the development agenda requires aspects associated with sustainability in production and consumption decisions, as well as in the public management of natural resources. The work it has approached from a qualitative perspective and the study variables have to do with aspects related to the economic implications of the PSE scheme. The support schemes for communities with forest resources in Mexico are also reviewed which are the National Forestry Program 2020-2024 of the National Forestry Council (Conafor) and Sembrando Vida (SV). As a finding of this research, the role of regulation regarding natural resources between countries, as well as support schemes must be recognized. This work concludes the need to evaluate the effectiveness of these schemes in order to achieve sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifaceted threats to global freshwater ecosystems, especially in urban environments, impact hydrological cycles, flora and fauna, habitats and ecosystem processes. While these ecosystems can potentially offer important services to the urban populations by providing natural areas inside cities, the constraints imposed by urbanisation and a high population density may result in the loss of those benefits. Thus, it is important to adopt a quantitative approach to assess the value of urban freshwater ecosystem services in order to enable strategic urban planning that balances urban development with the protection of these ecosystems. We have therefore performed a systematic review of Scopus database publications from 2006 to 2022 that focused on provisioning, regulating and maintenance, as well as cultural services, provided by urban river ecosystems. The screening identified 118 papers, 43% of which focused on urban stream ecosystems (stream and/or riparian area). For provisioning services, indicators were related to water and food supply, while regulation indicators were linked to water quality and flood mitigation; cultural services were mainly related to physical interactions with the ecosystems, education and aesthetic experiences. The economic valuation of urban river ecosystem services is the subject of study in 19% of the identified articles, mainly in relation to potential river restoration. Finally, 18% of articles incorporated public opinions of stakeholders and citizens, underlining the significant role of their input in understanding and managing urban river ecosystems. More studies on urban streams are needed, and standardising indicators and promoting greater citizen involvement in the evaluation of ecosystem services are challenges that remain to be overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Between 1967 and 1971, the Chilean government nationalized its large-scale copper mining industry. While this process is widely considered successful given the demonstrated long-term state capacity to profitably operate the assets, the discussion on its net financial convenience has usually been disregarded. Aiming to improve the understanding of this case of resource nationalism, this paper follows two complementary approaches. First, we provide a systematic review of the historical background, development, and short-term impact of the Chilean nationalization, consolidating at the same time the available financial data on fiscal inflows and outflows as part of this process. Secondly, we perform an ex-post NPV assessment using a 10% discount rate over the annual cash flows that the government has perceived from the nationalized mining operations from 1967 to 2022 and compare it with a hypothetical counterfactual scenario in which these mines would have remained privately owned. This yields a higher NPV of the Nationalization compared to the counterfactual. Considering that discount rates above 11.1% or operational cost reductions by 4.5% indicate a net financial loss, the results suggest that, purely from a financial perspective, the nationalization process was marginally positive for the government. We expect that this analysis provides support for a thoughtful mineral policy that contributes to sustainable human and economic development in resource-rich countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is extensively cultivated in South Asia mostly under puddled transplanted conditions which are highly energy and water-intensive with low income and degraded soil properties. Off-late, alternative crop establishment practices such as direct seeded rice, system of rice intensification, and zero-till rice have gained importance as viable options for resilient farming. However, the valuation of these different rice systems in terms of ecosystem services is not systematically carried out. The research objective was to evaluate the ecosystem services of different rice establishment systems to determine their potential and importance as ecological assets and strive to find out the most productive establishment method while minimizing its effects on the natural resources, environment, and human health. A novel valuation approach was developed using an experimental and bottom-up method to assess the value of rice systems based on three aspects: provisioning, regulation and maintenance, and cultural services. To evaluate the ecosystem services of different rice establishment methods, 11 indicators were selected. The seven rice establishment methods evaluated were random-puddled transplanted rice, line- puddled transplanted rice, conventional till-machine transplanted rice, zero till-machine transplanted rice, system of rice intensification, conventional till, and zero till- direct seeded rice. The results revealed that the value of rice ecosystem services across establishment practices averaged US$ 9092 ha-1 yr-1. Direct seeded rice (zero till/conventional till) provided the highest ecosystem services at US$ 9491 ha-1year-1 and random puddled transplanted rice was lowest at US$ 8767 ha-1 year-1. Provisioning, regulation-maintenance, and cultural ecosystem services contributed 20.3,79.4, and 0.3% to the total ecosystem services value. The research emphasizes the favorable environmental attributes of direct seeded rice, which may be integrated into the policy framework for better decision making to guarantee the sustainability of the agri-food system in the mid-Indo-Gangetic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIGHLIGHTS Socioeconomic factors such as income and education influence community Willingness to Pay (WTP) for forest conservation. Contingent valuation and choice experiments are the primary economic valuation methods applied, reflecting public preferences and support for conservation initiatives. Tropical forests in developing countries exhibit higher WTP values than other regions, underscoring their critical ecological and socioeconomic roles in global conservation efforts. Integrating remote sensing data and ecosystem service modelling has enhanced valuation accuracy. However, disparities in valuation approaches and data limitations persist, indicating a need for standardized methodologies and better data integration. Economic valuation of forest conservation is crucial for informed decision-making and effective policy design. SUMMARY Forest conservation is vital for biodiversity, climate regulation and livelihoods. However, valuing its economic benefits is challenging. This review assesses and synthesizes current methodologies and findings on the economic valuation of forest conservation, focusing on non-market benefits and diverse valuation approaches. The study was reviewed from 2018 to 2023 using Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and EconBiz, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Analyzing 37 articles, three themes were identified: Community and Socioeconomic Aspects (15 articles), Economic Valuation Techniques (16 articles), and Policy Implications (6 articles). Contingent valuation and choice modelling were found to be predominant, especially in tropical forests of developing countries, where higher WTP values than other regions highlight their importance in supporting conservation efforts. Though challenges such as data disparities and limitations persist, recent advancements, such as the use of remote sensing and ecosystem service modelling, have improved the precision of forest conservation valuations. Standardized methodologies and better data integration are required to improve the accuracy and comparability of economic valuations, ensuring more reliable data for policy-making and resource allocation in forest conservation. This review aids researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in enhancing forest conservation strategies through robust economic valuation. La conservation forestière est vitale pour la biodiversité, la régulation du climat et les revenus. Évaluer ses bénéfices économiques est toutefois un défi. Cette étude examine et synthétise les méthodologies et les découvertes actuelles dans l'évaluation économique de la conservation forestière, en se concentrant sur les bénéfices hors-marché et sur les diverses approches évaluatives. L'étude a été conduite de 2018 à 2023, en utilisant Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) et EconBiz, dans le cadre des Éléments de rapport préférés pour les examens systématiques et les méta-analyses (PRISMA). Trois thèmes ont été identifiés lors de l'analyse de 37 articles: aspects communautaires et socioéconomiques (15 articles), techniques d'évaluation économique (16 articles), et implications des politiques (6 articles). L'évaluation contingente et la modélisation de choix se sont trouvées être les prédominantes, particulièrement dans les forêts tropicales des pays en voie de développement, où les valeurs WTP plus élevées que dans d'autres régions soulignent leur importance dans le soutien des efforts de conservation. Bien que les défis comme la disparité des données et les limitations persistent, des avancées récentes, telles que l'utilisation des senseurs à distance et la modélisation du service d'écosystème, ont amélioré la précision de l'évaluation de la conservation forestière. Des méthodologies standardisées et une meilleure intégration des données sont nécessaires pour une amélioration de la précision et de la compatibilité des évaluations économiques, assurant des données plus fiables pour la création de politiques et pour l'allocation des ressources dans la conservation forestière. Cette étude aide les chercheurs, les créateurs de politiques et le personnel sur le terrain à fortifier les stratégies de conservation forestière grâce à une évaluation économique robuste. La conservación de los bosques es vital para la biodiversidad, la regulación del clima y los medios de vida. Sin embargo, valorar sus beneficios económicos es todo un reto. Esta revisión evalúa y sintetiza las metodologías y conclusiones actuales sobre la valoración económica de la conservación de los bosques, centrándose en los beneficios no comerciales y en los diversos enfoques de valoración. El estudio se revisó de 2018 a 2023 utilizando Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) y EconBiz, siguiendo el marco de los Elementos Preferidos para Preparación de Informes de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (PRISMA, por sus siglas en inglés). Después de analizar 37 artículos se identificaron tres temas: Aspectos comunitarios y socioeconómicos (15 artículos), Técnicas de valoración económica (16 artículos) e Implicaciones políticas (6 artículos). La valoración contingente y los modelos de elección resultaron predominantes, especialmente en los bosques tropicales de los países en desarrollo, donde los valores de la disposición a pagar (WTP, por sus siglas en inglés), más elevados que en otras regiones, ponen de relieve su importancia para apoyar los esfuerzos de conservación. Aunque persisten problemas como las disparidades y limitaciones de los datos, los avances recientes, como el uso de la teledetección y la modelización de los servicios ecosistémicos, han mejorado la precisión de las valoraciones de la conservación forestal. Se necesitan metodologías estandarizadas y una mejor integración de datos para mejorar la precisión y comparabilidad de las valoraciones económicas, lo que garantizaría datos más fiables para la formulación de políticas y la asignación de recursos en la conservación de los bosques. Esta revisión ayuda a investigadores, responsables políticos y profesionales a mejorar las estrategias de conservación de los bosques mediante una rigurosa valoración económica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the economic benefits of meteorological information services (MISs) provided by the Central Weather Administration (CWA) in Taiwan, specifically for Taiwan's capture fishery industry. Using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and conducting in-person interviews, we collected questionnaires from capture fishery practitioners nationwide to gather their subjective evaluations of the meteorological information services provided by the CWA. Based on these evaluations, we further investigated the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for the CWA's meteorological information services. An empirical analysis of the bid function was conducted to identify the key factors influencing the respondents' bidding behavior. The empirical findings indicate that the primary factors affecting bids include subjective perceptions (such as forecast accuracy ratings and the ratings of the impacts on fishing production), working location, fishing vessel tonnage, and fishing methods. The median WTP for Taiwanese capture fishery practitioners is Taiwan dollar (TWD) 2111.12 per person per year. Based on the number of capture fishery practitioners in Taiwan in 2019, the total annual economic value of applying MIS in coastal and offshore fisheries is estimated to be between TWD 376 million and TWD 496 million per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative analysis of LULC changes and their effects on carbon stock and sequestration is important for mitigating climate change. Therefore, this study examines carbon stock and sequestration in relation to LULC changes using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) and Ecosystem Services Modeler (ESM) in tropical dry deciduous forests of West Bengal, India. The LULC for 2006, 2014, and 2021 were classified using Google Earth Engine (GEE), while LULC changes and predictions were analyzed using LCM. Carbon stock and sequestration for present and future scenarios were estimated using ESM. The highest carbon was stored in forest land (124.167 Mg/ha), and storage outside the forest declined to 13.541 Mg/ha for agricultural land and 0–8.123 Mg/ha for other lands. Carbon stock and economic value decreased from 2006 to 2021, and are likely to decrease further in the future. Forest land is likely to contribute to 94% of future carbon loss in the study region, primarily due to its conversion into agricultural land. The implementation of multiple-species plantations, securing tenure rights, proper management practices, and the strengthening of forest-related policies can enhance carbon stock and sequestration. These spatial-temporal insights will aid in management strategies, and the methodology can be applied to broader contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coral reefs face a critical crisis worldwide because of rising ocean temperature, excessive use of resources and soil erosion. As reefs have great recreational and tourism value, the degradation of their quality may have a significant effect on tourism. This study employs a contingent behaviour approach to estimate the effect of reef extinction on the recreational demand for Kume Island, Okinawa, Japan. We propose a Poisson‐inverse Gaussian (PIG) model with correction for on‐site sampling issues to derive a more accurate estimate of consumer surplus (CS). The results show that the annual CS per‐person trip is 5898 yen (US$ 49.15 in 2015 currency) according to the random‐effects PIG model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, consumer concern about the origin, process and environmental impact of food and beverages has increased significantly, due to sustainability and food safety issues. However, studies of consumers' willingness to pay for these types of attributes in traditional agave distillates are scarce. In this article, a discrete choice experiment was carried out on a sample of Mexican Raicilla consumers (n = 300) to estimate their willingness to pay for attributes such as ecolabels, protections of origin and the production process; the analysis was performed using a mixed logit model. The results showed that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for a Raicilla that contains on the label the region of origin, the production process (ancestral or artisanal), that has some legal-economic protection, such as geographical indication or designation of origin, and certifications in water management and organic production. The methodology of discrete choice experiments made it possible to jointly evaluate the extrinsic attributes in the willingness to pay for a traditional agave distillate, allowing its influence on the decision to purchase to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mangrove ecosystem in Bintan Regency provides many benefits, both directly and indirectly, for the people around it. Mangrove ecosystem services also vary and play a role in adaptation and mitigation processes in the face of climate change. Oil pollution that occurs every year in Bintan Regency has a negative impact both ecologically and economically. This research aims to estimate the value of mangrove ecosystem services in the East and North Coastal Areas of Bintan Island, which can be used as a basis for the management of the Area. The data collection method used was a survey using a questionnaire on fishermen, tourists, tourism managers, and the surrounding community. In addition, it also collects some secondary data to support data analysis. The results of the study state that the estimated economic value of mangrove ecosystem services is IDR. 135,663,899,478.30/year from a mangrove area of 4354.11 ha. The economic value consists of providing services by 61%, regulatory services by 21%, supporting services by 2%, and cultural services by 16%. The economic value of the mangrove ecosystem services in the coastal area of Bintan Island, Indonesia, has significant implications for policy-making related to mangrove conservation, social welfare, and environmental damage claims. The research provides evidence of the economic value of mangroves, which can be used to support policies and claims aimed at protecting these crucial ecosystems and the benefits they provide to local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increased call to demonstrate the benefits of EU Member States' river basin management plans, whose implementation has been delayed largely due to insufficient funding. This paper applies a contingent valuation study to investigate the benefit value of improved ecological status in river basins and the discrepancy between the quality of waters as perceived by river basin residents and as monitored under the Water Framework Directive. Respondents often reported worse quality for their focal water body than the monitored status indicated, a tendency established in a GIS analysis. The likelihood of such divergence increased most with degree of perceived deterioration of surface waters. Observed deterioration in waters, official status of one's focal water body and divergence between two quality measures had implications for welfare estimates. Describing water quality according to ecological criteria and as uniformly as possible would facilitate the use of valuation results in future benefit transfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses methods and tools for assessing uncertainty and risk factors affecting the level of investment in the development of innovative industrial products for military and dual-use manufactured by enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC). The views of domestic and foreign scientists on the account of uncertainties and risks in decision-making through the management of enterprises are presented. The economic essence of the twelve methods of uncertainty and risk analysis is presented. Their use enables the solution the optimization problem when making decisions about development of high-tech and knowledge-intensive products of the MIC. In addition, mathematical models of risk assessment of the investment portfolio formed by enterprises and corporations are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this paper is to address how to handle uncertainty when performing an economic valuation of a medical innovation R&D project in orphan diseases from the perspective of the investor. Methods: We describe the specific uncertainty related to cash flows and the cost of capital for innovation in orphan diseases. The uncertainty in cash flows relates to sales, manufacturing and R&D costs, and probabilities of failure for each phase in the clinical trial program. We consider different net present values (NPVs) and higher standard deviations for orphan drugs compared to non-orphan drugs. Results: Numerical case base examples showed the differences in trade-off by an investor for R&D projects with differences in NPV and level of uncertainty. The investor will transfer the additional uncertainty in cash flows in a higher cost of capital. An alternative approach is the application of an "acceptability curve" based on a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, which displays the cumulative probabilities at a range of different values for the NPV. Finally, we consider uncertainty in the cost of capital itself by applying the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Conclusions: In this paper, we described various types of uncertainty and explored various approaches to how to handle uncertainty in the economic valuation of medical innovation in orphan diseases. The bridging of health economics with economic valuation theory in the healthcare market is to our knowledge a novel approach for the valuation of medical innovation by investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Economic & Social Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing adoption of the ecosystem approach as integral to sustainable development policies, the economic valuation of marine and coastal ecosystem services (ESs) has become relevant for informing decision-making processes. Through an integrated approach encompassing bibliometric, network, and content analyses, this review is aimed at analyzing the evolution trend, the main research clusters, and the research gaps of the scientific literature in the field of economic valuation of marine and coastal ESs. The bibliometric results showed that the research field is experiencing an evolving positive trend and represents a challenging research topic. From the network and overlay visualization of keyword co-occurrences, it emerged that the research clusters comprehensively address the key policy-relevant issues. In the content analysis, an examination of the estimated ESs and the economic valuation methods used by studies with the highest impact on scientific research was conducted. The findings suggest that while studies provide valuable data and insights, their practical applicability in policymaking is limited, due to contextual relevance and bias issues. Overall, the review underscores the need for a paradigm shift to better inform real-world policy decisions, identifying the Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) process as a key framework for bridging these gaps in future research and policy implementation.

Valuing nature is an ongoing interdisciplinary debate between ecologists and socio-economists, centred on the trade-offs between long-term marine conservation outcomes and short-term economic returns. By using Marine Protected Areas (MPA) as an analytical framework, researchers can address these challenges and reach conclusions that satisfy both ecological and economic perspectives. This research serves as a good case study, employing an ecology-based monetary valuation method to link ecological empirical evidence with economic values, demonstrating the monetary contribution of Marine Reserves (MR) to communities and beyond. The spillover and recruitment effects of MR are estimated to provide a significant boost to the commercial fishery, with an annual catch landing value of NZ$ 1.49 million. The average gross output, including contributions from the MR's recruitment effect, amounts to NZ$4.89 million, with value added (GDP) of NZ$1.86 million, indirectly supporting 16 full-time equivalent employees (FTEs). The direct value contributed to snapper recreational fishing is NZ$3.21 million per annum, while indirect value from fishing equipment spending is NZ$3.30 million per annum. This research represents the first estimation of the monetary value of spillover and recruitment effects from a well-established, no-take MPA (MR), illustrating the contribution of marine conservation to society.

Background: The purpose of this paper is to address how to handle uncertainty when performing an economic valuation of a medical innovation R&D project in orphan diseases from the perspective of the investor. Methods: We describe the specific uncertainty related to cash flows and the cost of capital for innovation in orphan diseases. The uncertainty in cash flows relates to sales, manufacturing and R&D costs, and probabilities of failure for each phase in the clinical trial program. We consider different net present values (NPVs) and higher standard deviations for orphan drugs compared to non-orphan drugs. Results: Numerical case base examples showed the differences in trade-off by an investor for R&D projects with differences in NPV and level of uncertainty. The investor will transfer the additional uncertainty in cash flows in a higher cost of capital. An alternative approach is the application of an “acceptability curve” based on a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, which displays the cumulative probabilities at a range of different values for the NPV. Finally, we consider uncertainty in the cost of capital itself by applying the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Conclusions: In this paper, we described various types of uncertainty and explored various approaches to how to handle uncertainty in the economic valuation of medical innovation in orphan diseases. The bridging of health economics with economic valuation theory in the healthcare market is to our knowledge a novel approach for the valuation of medical innovation by investors.

International agreements and European policies emphasise the necessity to reduce transport externalities, particularly by focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This reduction should align with improved accessibility to major urban areas, which is a goal explicitly associated with the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). However, the correlation between these two objectives is not necessarily straightforward, as an increase in travel demand may contribute to the growth in transport externalities. This study economically evaluates the transport externalities generated along the Italian segment of the Brenner axis, which is the central part of the TEN-T Scandinavian–Mediterranean corridor. The aim of the analysis is twofold: (i) to ascertain whether the evolution of travel demand over the last decade aligns with European objectives on transport externalities; (ii) to project the expected effects to 2030 and 2040 under alternative scenarios. Existing data fail to reveal a clear trend, owing to fluctuating travel demands in recent years. Instead of indicating a generalised reduction in externalities, the data reflect a redistribution of costs among categories, with less effects from local pollutants and higher congestion and accident costs. The anticipated increase in travel demand is likely to exacerbate these externalities, thus further increasing road congestion and accident costs. This increase is not expected to be fully offset by the reduction in air and GHG emissions despite the enhanced efficiency of the vehicular fleet. The modal shift from road to rail, as well as the ongoing digitalisation processes, are imperative for effective road traffic management and reducing costs along the corridor. • Long-distance road transport as a main source of transport externalities. • Quantification and evaluation for the Italian mountain stretch of the Brenner corridor. • Development of alternative transport and infrastructural scenarios. • Technological development alone not sufficient for the reduction of external costs. • Modal shift towards rail as essential policy to meet EU energy targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health economics research and economic evaluation have increasingly taken a societal perspective, accounting for the economic impacts of informal care. Projected economic costs of informal care help researchers and policymakers understand better the long-term consequences of policy reforms and health interventions. This study makes projections of the economic costs of informal care for older people in England. Methods: Data come from two national surveys: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N = 35,425) and the Health Survey for England (N = 17,292). We combine a Markov model with a macrosimulation model to make the projections. We explore a range of assumptions about future demographic and epidemiological trends to capture model uncertainty and take a Bayesian approach to capture parameter uncertainty. Results: We estimate that the economic costs of informal care were £54.2 billion in 2019, three times larger than the expenditure on formal long-term care. Those costs are projected to rise by 87% by 2039, faster than public expenditure but slower than private expenditure on formal long-term care. These results are sensitive to assumptions about future life expectancy, fertility rates, and progression of disabilities in the population. Conclusions: Prevention schemes aiming to promote healthy aging and independence will be important to alleviate the costs of informal care. The government should strengthen support for informal caregivers and care recipients to ensure the adequacy of care, protect the well-being of caregivers, and prevent the costs of informal care from spilling over to other sectors of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEconomic valuation studies of non-market goods in culture and tourism have a long and recognised track record. Many studies focus on evaluating well-defined examples such as monuments, institutions or events, leaving the valuation of cultural heritage tourism ecosystems as an important and less explored challenge. This work addresses the evaluation of a cultural tourist ensemble in which factors such as the natural landscape, elements of tangible historical heritage and intangible technological knowledge are integrated, all referring to a specific territorial demarcation, which acts as a driver of tourist appeal. Choice experiment methodology is applied to obtain the value allocated to different attributes of the ensemble by various groups of visitors, according to their origin or type of stay: first, local, national and foreign visitors; and second, the canonical distinction between excursionists and tourists. In general, locals report a greater contribution to preserve cultural expressions while nationals and foreigners do so for tourism services. Tourists report greater appreciation for cultural consumption while excursionists do so for drivers of cultural and territorial brand. Our approach and results can provide a better basis to implement strategies of management and preservation of cultural ecosystems as niches for tourism activity and economic impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Apuntes Contables is the property of Apuntes Contables and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ecosystem service values are divided into three categories: direct use values, indirect use values, and non-use values. In this research, the economic value of ecosystem services in canola (Brassica napus L.) fields was investigated during 2020–2021. These fields are located in Gorgan County (Sorkhankalateh region) north of Iran. We calculated the carbon sequestration by the carbon emission tax policy as shadow value of carbon, and to estimate some ecosystem services including the oxygen supply, grain yield and soil conservation, we applied the substitute cost methods, direct market method and replacement cost, respectively. Also, the value of pollination service was estimated along with the effect of pollinators on yield production, and the value of agrotourism estimated based on contingent valuation method. In this research, the logit model was used by the maximum likelihood method to investigate the influencing factors on people's willingness to pay. The required data for each of these variables were collected through field methods, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 117 visitors from the mentioned region. The results showed that the average total value of ecosystem services was equal to 3,685.91$ ha−1 yr−1. In this research, the value of the provisioning service was equal to 1,720.81$ ha−1. Also, the grain yield had the highest value among ecosystem services and accounted as 46.69 percent of all the ecosystem services. While, atmospheric services (oxygen production and carbon sequestration) included 1,155.12$ (31.34%), pollination 516.24$ (14.01%) and soil conservation 292.19$ (7.93%) of the total economic value. The share of agrotourism service from the total value of services was about 1.53$ (0.04%). In general, canola fields are more important in terms of provisioning services (grain yield) than regulating services such as oxygen production, carbon sequestration, soil conservation and pollination, as well as agrotourism services. Therefore, maintaining and enhancing market and non-market services in the canola fields of the study area is crucial for both the human and economic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to design an economic valuation model based on willingness to pay in sports. Methods: 170 people were selected as a statistical sample from experts aware of the issue of sports evaluation in a targeted and accessible way. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its content validity was confirmed by 11 experts and university professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (0.89). Data analysis was performed by structural equation method using Smart PLS 3 software. Results: The results showed that the determinants of value of the sports goal phenomenon have a significant effect on the value perception community (0.920), value capabilities (0.881) and valuation method (0.838), respectively. Also, value perception community (0.524) and value capabilities (0.317) have a significant effect on the economic value of the whole sports phenomenon, respectively. Finally, the valuation method with (0.662) and the total economic value with (0.261) have a significant effect on the willingness to pay for the sport phenomenon. Conclusion: According to the results of the willingness to pay stakeholders of a sports phenomenon for its economic valuation under the influence of five general factors including determining and influencing factors on the value of the phenomenon, value capabilities, value perception community, valuation method and total economic values resulting from There is a phenomenon that researchers and policymakers in the field of sports can use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental valuation studies in developing countries often focus on popular tourist destinations. However, their relevance to less visited sites must also be demonstrated to value and protect diverse natural habitats effectively. This article evaluates the economic value of mangrove tourism services in the Sinjai District of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected from local households and tourists. Although the annual value of mangrove tourism in the Sinjai District of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is approximately US$32,000, it significantly lags behind the direct yearly use value of mangrove extraction activities, which totals around US$720,000. These findings highlight the imperative to boost the economic contribution of mangrove tourism as a viable alternative income source to fishing and aquaculture. Enhancing the value of mangrove tourism fosters sustainable development and safeguards critical ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based tourism offers several positive effects, including bringing tourists closer to nature and increasing environmental awareness among them, creating new sources of employment, diversifying local and regional economies, promoting the conservation of local ecosystems, and protecting biodiversity. A pilot exercise based on choice experiments is presented to estimate the monetary value per year of nature-based tourism (NbT). The exercise was applied in the Jamapa watershed in Mexico, and the results showed that NbT would amount to USD 7.7 million, with tourism activities linked to agroforestry and USD 5.5 million around regenerative cattle ranching. These results provide input for decision makers in developing public policies to benefit society, nature, and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea-level rise (SLR) and flooding are among the climate change stressors challenging human society in the twenty-first century. Many coastal areas and cities are implementing innovative solutions to mitigate flood risks and enhance resilience. Venice has recently developed a system of storm surge mobile barriers, known as the MoSE (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico or Experimental Electromechanical Module). This study aims to investigate the economic viability of MoSE operations in light of the potential future evolution of SLR. To conduct a cost-benefit analysis, a system dynamics model is utilised to assess the impact of MoSE operations on economic and residential activities of Venice and its port. Simulations are conducted until the end of the century, considering two SLR scenarios. The results suggest that the economic benefits largely outweigh the combined costs of investment and foregone port revenues resulting from the MoSE closures. Nevertheless, the increasing number of closures due to SLR seriously challenges the viability of the infrastructure in the medium to long term. Even more importantly, very frequent closures will have serious impacts on the quality of the lagoon ecosystem. These findings suggest a revision and stronger integration of the city’s safeguarding strategies, including the increase of the MoSE closure level officially set at 110 cm, and other coordinated interventions, such as sewer system consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]