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Background: Cultural variations in pregnancy and childbirth experiences can influence the causes and contributing factors of postpartum depression (PPD). However, research on this issue remains scarce in Arab countries, especially in Lebanon. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PPD and explore socio-contextual factors affecting it in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also sought to validate the psychometric reliability of the Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) among Lebanese women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2022 and July 2022, with 402 Lebanese adult postpartum women (mean age 31.46 ± 4.88 years) enrolled from the maternity ward at CHU-Notre Dame des Secours Hospital in Byblos, Lebanon by responding to an online survey after obtaining informed concent. Along with the EPDS, the following measures were administered to participants: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Lebanese Anxiety Scale-10. Results: Our findings demonstrated appropriate psychometric properties of the Arabic one-factor, 10-item EPDS in our sample of Lebanese women. The scale yielded good composite reliability (ω = 0.97), and appropriate patterns of correlations with anxiety and social support measures, thus attesting for its convergent validity. A total of 239 women (59.5%) had potential postpartum depression. Multivariate analysis showed that perceived childbirth experience (as "normal" (Beta= -2.57), "good" (Beta= -3.45) and "very good" (Beta= -4.14)), with worries that the newborn will get hurt/die during labor ("rarely" (Beta = 1.43) and "never" (Beta = 1.24)), a lower financial burden (Beta = − 0.19) and a higher social support (Beta = − 0.02) were significantly associated with lower rates of PPD; while higher levels of anxiety (Beta = 0.32) were associated with increased symptoms of PPD. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant burden of PPD among Lebanese women, with an alarmingly high prevalence. Key factors associated with PPD—such as anxiety, childbirth experience, and social support—are largely preventable and modifiable. Nonetheless, there is an imperative need for future longitudinal and qualitative research, to better understand obstetrical experiences, address PPD and confirm causality of the associations found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a new comprehensive dataset containing information on 93,722 amendments, this article explores the circumstances under which Spanish legislators propose amendments to executive bills. Our results show that legislators respond to variations in both governmental factors and bargaining dynamics. In single-party minority governments, ad hoc legislature agreements translate into more amendments. However, legislators do not introduce significantly fewer amendments under absolute majority governments, when the chances of their proposals being accepted fall. After controlling for many confounders, the results show that amending activity reacts to attention allocation dynamics – mediatised bills receive more amendments – but not to variations in contextual factors – the number of amendments does not significantly increase when the economic situation deteriorates. Finally, bills associated with a greater number of committee appearances from interest groups, experts and public officials are more often the target of amendments, signalling that an informational logic is also at play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of electricity price bubbles and identify the factors that contribute to their formation by conducting a comparative analysis between a developed country, Germany, and an emerging country, Romania. We employ the generalized sup ADF test, utilizing bi-annual data spanning from 2007 to 2022. Our findings reveal the presence of 2 distinct electricity price bubbles in both Germany and Romania. In Germany, the first bubble emerged in the second half of 2008, coinciding with the onset of the global economic crisis. Conversely, Romania did not experience a bubble as a result of the economic crisis during this period. The second electricity price bubble in both countries was primarily driven by Russia's decision to halt gas supplies to Europe. Additionally, the surge in energy consumption following the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role. This research contributes to the broader discourse on energy economics by elucidating the mechanisms behind electricity price fluctuations in different economic contexts. The comparative approach underscores the importance of tailored policy responses that consider country-specific factors while addressing global challenges. As energy markets continue to evolve, such studies will be instrumental in guiding strategic decisions and fostering sustainable economic growth. JEL Classification : Q41, E31 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine the longitudinal development of economy-over-environment policy priorities in Finland during a period marked by several significant adverse societal events. In addition, we explore the influence of political trust on these priorities over time. We utilize a five-round panel dataset comprising 2155 observations (N = 431) to examine both within-individual and between-individual variations from late 2017 to early 2023. Our findings reveal a significant increase in the prioritization of the economy in each observation period following the COVID-19 outbreak. However, this trend is not observed among individuals with high levels of political trust. The within-individual analysis indicates that high political trust moderates, rather than causes, higher economy-over-environment prioritization. Our study highlights the significance of political trust as a preventing factor against the deprioritization of environmental policies, particularly when societies confront significant and intersecting adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach to prognosing European economic crises through the development of an economic–financial risk sensitivity model. The model integrates key macroeconomic indicators such as government deficit (NETGDP), GINI coefficient, social protection expenditure (ExSocP), unemployment rate (UNE), research and development spending (RDGDP), and tax structures (TXSwoSC), assessing their role in predicting economic vulnerability across European countries. By applying the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test on data from 324 observations across multiple countries, significant differences were identified in the distribution of these variables. The results show that government policies related to social protection, R&D, and taxation play an important role in a country's resilience to economic shocks. On the other hand, indicators such as income inequality and unemployment exhibit less variation, reflecting global economic conditions. The model provides a comprehensive risk assessment framework, allowing for the early detection of potential economic crises and guiding policy adjustments to mitigate risks. This methodology offers valuable insights into the sensitivity of European economies to financial disruptions, emphasizing the importance of fiscal policies and social expenditure in maintaining economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic crises significantly shape residents' perceptions of tourism, impacting their pro- or anti-tourism behaviours. This study integrates social exchange theory and Weber's theory to explore how perceived economic crisis (PEC) influences residents' prioritization of economic and non-economic values in tourism. Using multigroup analysis (MGA) in two historical Iranian destinations (Isfahan and Shiraz), we find that higher PEC levels correlate with more positive attitudes towards tourism and support for its growth. More importantly, the structural relationships among economic benefit, psychological empowerment, social empowerment, resident perception, and pro-tourism behaviour, differed across residents due to varying levels of PEC. These findings shed light on the nuanced interplay between PEC, residents' perceptions, and pro-tourism behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human development and family planning programs since the 1970s have led to a fast‐rising prevalence of modern contraceptive means at the global level. However, countries with rising but still low levels of contraceptive use experienced an increasing number of societal upheavals, including armed conflicts, sudden and high‐intensity natural disasters, as well as dramatic effects of health epidemics. This may challenge the continued diffusion of modern means of birth regulation as well as their adherent use. To better understand the role of societal upheavals in the contraceptive transition, we provide a narrative literature review of their multidimensional pathways of influence in the contraceptive decision‐making process. The review suggests four main findings. First, well‐known contemporary barriers to contraceptive use become more salient during societal upheavals. Second, historical barriers reemerge predominantly. Third, societal upheavals exert specific effects on the contraceptive transition, such as through birth replacement, the repopulation of communities, and the sexual vulnerability of girls and young women. Fourth, there are more pathways leading to a reduced (rather than a heightened) contraceptive prevalence. The conclusion discusses the implications of those insights for the contraceptive transition, provides a critical perspective of the literature, and draws avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite long-standing evidence linking higher unemployment rates to increased suicide rates, a puzzling trend emerged in the United States after the Great Recession: suicide rates continued to rise even as unemployment rates declined. Drawing on theories of social networks and reference groups, we advance the concept of "sameness"—in this case, the extent to which an individual's employment status aligns with the fate of others in one's community—to clarify how unemployment rates influence suicide. Constructing a multilevel dataset of U.S. suicide deaths from 2005 to 2017, we find that while unemployed individuals face a higher risk of suicide compared to the employed, this gap diminishes in communities with high local unemployment rates. Moreover, the "sameness" effect extends beyond geographic contexts to temporal ones, as national unemployment spikes reduce suicide risk among the unemployed and diminish the importance of local sameness. Together, these findings suggest a mechanism of "situational awareness," whereby local and national economic contexts shape the meaning of unemployment, shifting its interpretation from personal failure to system failure and reducing its stigma. Our article offers a novel framework for examining the effects of cross-level interactions in suicide research, highlighting the crucial role of culture as deeply intertwined with social network mechanisms in shaping contextual influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Solidarity outpatient clinics" (SOCs) emerged in Greece as a novel community-based health care resource during the global economic crisis that started in 2008. They have provided crucial social support to diverse vulnerable populations. Solidarity is a critical organizational principle underlying SOCs' operation. It is juxtaposed to charity to emphasize, among other things, building symmetrical relationships between providers and patients. Employing a case study approach and a multilevel, multimethod research design, we analyzed qualitative data collected through semistructured interviews (N = 20) with patients, staff, and other local stakeholders and content of monthly informational bulletins (N = 26) and weekly radio shows (N = 48) produced by a prominent SOC in Greece's capital. Findings provide insight into structural and functional dimensions of social support exchanges at SOCs and extend our understanding of different types of social support and the organizational contexts through which they are secured, particularly during financial crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the phenomenon of economic crises, analyzing various economic schools of thought and financial crisis models. t reviews Classical, Keynesian, Marxist, and Monetarist perspectives on crises and evaluates newer approaches such as Fourth Generation Crises and Behavioral Economics. Classical and neoclassical theories regard crises as temporary market imbalances, while Keynesian theories focus on long-term recessions due to insufficient demand and uncertainty. Monetarists argue that crises arise from imbalances in the money supply. Additionally, third-generation models emphasize the structural weaknesses of the banking sector and excessive debt, as seen in crises like the 1990s Asian Crisis. The 2008 Global Financial Crisis revealed that macroeconomic imbalances alone do not explain crises; irrational behavior also plays a significant role. This led to the growing importance of Behavioral Economics and fourth-generation models, which explore how psychological factors, such as herd behavior and investor biases, fuel speculative bubbles and market collapses. The article concludes that understanding and managing crises effectively requires integrating economic theories and behavioral insights, as they provide a more comprehensive view of the causes and dynamics of economic crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global economic order, including Indonesia, exacerbating the economic crises faced by many families. This situation poses a challenge for Indonesian families, particularly in dealing with economic uncertainty in the post-pandemic era. This study aims to examine various family resilience strategies in addressing the global economic crisis following the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia using a literature review method. Identified family resilience strategies encompass dimensions of belief systems, family organizational patterns, and family communication patterns. These dimensions are further implemented through specific strategies such as income diversification, prudent family financial management, social support, and lifestyle adaptations to global economic changes, which can strengthen family resilience and support national resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the research area of value relevance (VR), the impact of macroeconomic changes is usually analysed. The influence of economic crises, such as the Asian financial crisis, global financial crisis, and COVID-19, on VR was, however, inconclusive. Moreover, it differs between individual markets. The aim of the paper was to analyse the impact of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine on the value relevance with the example of Polish listed companies. VR of earnings, book values, and cash flows was taken into account in this regard. Panel data models (fixed effects) were used. The focus was especially on interactions between earnings per share (EPS), book values per share (BVPS), cash flows per share (CFO), and binary variables referring to periods of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. VR of earnings, book values, and cash flows noted the positive impact of COVID-19. However, the war affected book values and cash flows negatively. The results obtained highlight the specificity of different crises and various markets, with the findings being only partially in line with the results of previous studies. So far, the impact of the war in Ukraine on VR has not been analysed. Moreover, the influence of COVID-19 on VR on the Polish market has also not been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The conflict in Ukraine escalated in 2022 and the West’s radical political, military and economic response to it was but the coup de grâce of a decadent post-World War II western-centric order. However, the escalation of geopolitical tensions around the world in the wake its violent crackup is symptomatic of something more fundamental: the epochal crisis of global capitalism. The crisis is multidimensional, and its varied dimensions are interconnected. It is a structural crisis of overaccumulation, a political crisis of state legitimacy and capitalist hegemony, a social crisis of global social reproduction, a geopolitical crisis of escalating international conflict, and an environmental crisis that threatens the collapse of the planetary ecosystem. Unlike earlier crises of world capitalism (four crises are traditionally distinguished), we are reaching the historical exhaustion of the conditions for capitalist renewal. Capitalist reactivation may be possible in the coming years through redistributive and regulatory policies and through the application of new digital technologies, but such reactivation could not in the long run resolve the underlying contradictions of a decadent global capitalism. The author concludes that modern society is very far from a revolution against global capitalism, due to the underdevelopment of subjective and organizational conditions. The paper applies a comprehensive approach to the processes and phenomena under consideration, using the principles of comparative data analysis and critical assessment of information. The relevance of the topic of research is due to both the increase in political instability in the world, and the noticeable growth of rivalry and confrontation in global economic processes.

This paper aims to bring Romanian research on public debt into the international spotlight, contextualizing it within the rising global debt levels caused by recent economic crises, such as the global financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. The main goal is to highlight the importance of local research, often overlooked, while analyzing public debt through both global and local lenses. The first part of the paper analyzes the intensifying effects of globalization, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, and the shift in how public debt is perceived, with a growing focus on investments and budget deficits. It also examines the challenges faced by decision-makers in managing debt sustainability, particularly the tension between political priorities and fiscal realities. The second part provides an empirical analysis of recent studies on the rise of global public debt, political economy factors, and credit cycles. The third section outlines the difficulties in governing public debt in the European Union due to the absence of a fiscal union and explores the concept of an optimal monetary zone. One of the central political issues raised is the tendency of politicians, especially in advanced economies, to exploit public debt for short-term electoral gains.

Economic crises do not affect all households in the same way; therefore, it is crucial to analyze the differences in their impact based on household income. The last economic crisis, the financial crisis of 2008, lasted until 2013 in Spain; however, economic recovery was not considered to have been effectively achieved until 2016, when economic performance exceeded the pre-crisis level. Economic recovery was not reflected in households in the same way because of household income inequalities. This study identified the different effects of an economic crisis on households and economic sectors through a multisectoral model by analyzing the consumption behaviors of households according to monthly income after the crisis. A simulation was carried out based on consumption data for 2015, which identified the production sectors that suffered the greatest losses because of a crisis-induced decrease in household consumption spending. The results reveal that the decrease in low-income household consumption mainly affected accommodation and food services, manufactured products, wholesale and retail trade services, and activity generated by households as employers of domestic workers.

Abstract Background This study investigates the impact of financial insecurity on the mental well-being and stress levels of parents in Lebanon amid the country’s severe economic crisis. The context of Lebanon’s economic collapse, coupled with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Beirut port explosion, has exacerbated financial and psychological distress among the population. This research aims to understand the correlation between financial instability and parental stress, identifying key factors contributing to mental health challenges in this demographic. Methods Employing a quantitative research approach, data was collected through an online survey from 785 parents from different backgrounds in Lebanon. The survey incorporated sociodemographic questions, the InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being Scale (IFDFW), and the Arabic version of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Results Findings showed significant correlations between high levels of parental stress and factors such as age (r = 0.071, p = 0.047) and lower education levels. Notably, refugees residing in Lebanon exhibited higher stress levels compared to Lebanese parents (mean stress score: 51.73 vs. 45.71, p

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political situation in the European Union, focusing on changes in support for left-wing parties in the context of global challenges. Transformations in the electoral preferences of EU citizens caused by economic and political turmoil and international conflicts are considered. The main focus is on the growing popularity of radical left populist parties. The analysis shows that traditional left-wing parties are losing support due to insufficiently radical proposals, which leads to fragmentation of their electorate. Radicalization of political sentiment is seen as a serious challenge, as radical movements are less predictable and can create political instability in the region. In this regard, analysts are faced with the question of possible changes in the political landscape, which is especially important in the context of tense international relations and sanctions pressure on Russia. The author emphasizes the need to understand political changes and forecast their consequences in order to develop effective electoral forecasts. The article considers the main results of the 2024 European Parliament elections, their impact on electoral preferences and changes in the EU political landscape. The theoretical approaches and empirical studies of leading domestic and foreign scholars in the field of studying party systems are analyzed, which allows us to assess current and future trends in European politics. The work also touches upon the issues of uniting left-wing forces in opposition to right-wing parties, as well as possible scenarios for the development of the political situation in the European Parliament and its impact on international relations and interstate interaction.

The economic crisis of recent years has had a significant impact on the well-being of employees at work. The coronavirus that appeared in 2019 and the economic crisis have become one of the most powerful influencing factors in terms of workplace well-being. The actuality of the topic is given by the fact that the effects caused by the coronavirus crisis have still left a noticeable impact in many areas of working life. The primary goal of the study was to analyse the workplace well-being in Slovakian small and medium-sized enterprises. The methodology of the research was a questionnaire survey, interviewing a total of 772 employees in 2023. According to the research hypothesis, a significant correlation can be shown between workplace anxiety, nervousness, and sadness (negative emotions) and the achievement of workplace well-being. The obtained results support the correctness of the hypothesis that there is a significant correlation between the prevalence of negative emotions and the achievement of well-being at work. The results also showed how the order of the elements of the negative emotional factor affects the achievement of well-being at work: first of all, sadness at work, then anxiety at work, and finally nervousness at work, had an impact on the development of job satisfaction.

The company's choice of specific marketing tools and their combination depends on the goals set, the target audience's characteristics, the type of product being promoted, and the size of the budget. However, in crisis conditions caused by war, pandemic or natural disaster, the effectiveness of marketing communications is influenced by many more factors. The detailed analysis of such factors allows the company to adapt its marketing strategy to the realities of today. The article aims to reveal and systematize the factors affecting marketing communications in wartime conditions. It was found that the war changed companies' advertising policy, branding, and consumers' perceptions of goods and services. Therefore, to stay afloat, companies must study changes in the social climate on time and adapt their marketing strategies accordingly. Changing the nature and forms of communication with consumers plays a vital role in adapting marketing strategies. A consumer's attitude to specific brands and goods, based on the personal perception of the parties to the military conflict, is a sensitive factor in war conditions. Despite the general negative trend for business, the war opens up new opportunities for specific industries. In particular, using military themes in advertising can motivate the consumer to buy the company's products. However, one should be careful when using military symbols in advertising because the emotional perception of consumers can be different. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the negative consequences of war and understand how new opportunities can be used. The article systematizes the factors affecting marketing communications in wartime conditions and defines the measures that are an important component of business response to changes in market demand. The study results show that regardless of how effective the company's marketing strategy is in normal conditions, during the war, it needs to adapt to changes in the mood and habits of consumers and environmental factors.

How policy elites occupy positions within broader governance architectures is important in understanding how crisis management regimes are produced to respond to macroeconomic woes. We examine the crisis management regime forged to address Europe’s recent economic crisis and the policy elites holding top management positions in the supranational economic governance bodies constituting this European crisis management regime: the European Central Bank, European Fund for Strategic Investments, the European Investment Bank, and the European Stability Mechanism. The career and educational characteristics of elites embroiled in this ‘command situation’ are examined, as is their location in elite policy networks. In contrast to many studies of contemporary elites wielding political and economic power, we find that below the very top tier Europe’s policy elites have conventional careers with little public–private mobility or high-end educational prestige. Furthermore, these elites have ‘fidelity’ in staying with public organizations. Coherence in the European crisis management regime reflects these characteristics, which then combined with regional power asymmetries. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature in comparative field analysis in international financial institutions and suggest that studies of elites must carefully consider regional characteristics so as to not over-generalize elites as Ivy League-educated transnational pragmatists who float between private and public realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Aim Methods Results Conclusion Rare coagulation disorders (RCDs) constitute an important health risk. Data on epidemiology, quality of life (QoL), access to care, and impact of the ongoing economic crisis on RCDs in Lebanon is limited.We aimed to address these gaps by evaluating effect of the crisis on the management of RCDs.We performed a retrospective chart review of RCD pediatric patients in a tertiary hospital between 2003 and 2023. Patients with deficiencies of fibrinogen, factor (F)II, FV, combined FV and FVIII, FVII, FXI, FXII, FXIII, and congenital deficiency of vitamin K‐dependent factors (VKCFDs) underwent a qualitative assessment of the impact of the economic crisis on care and quality of life by an interview aimed at investigating obstacles to diagnosis, disparities in access to treatment, impact of the crisis on QoL and disease management, and opinion on governmental efforts to solve the health crisis.46 patients were included. The response rate for the interview was 63%. Among the cohort, 21 (72.4%) reported difficulty accessing treatment since the start of the crisis and 18 (62%) reported “lack of healthcare coverage for necessary treatments” as the main issue. Most participants reported that the Lebanese government did not adequately address their needs during the crisis.Our study showcased that management of RCD patients in Lebanon has been severely affected by the economic crisis. Combined efforts by public and private sectors are needed to appropriately address this issue. Lessons can be learned from the Lebanese experience to appropriately screen for actionable factors in vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, where social processes are becoming more and more complex and unpredictable, the search for new methods and their research becomes especially relevant. One of these approaches is synergetics - the science of self-organization of complex systems. Synergetics makes it possible to reveal regularities in social processes, which at first glance seem chaotic, disorderly. Of particular importance is the study of the organic laws of society, which regulate its development and stability. The relationship between chaotic and ordered elements of social systems can be understood only through synergistic principles, which makes their knowledge especially important in the context of modern global challenges. Modern researchers continue to develop synergistic approaches in the social sciences, applying them to the analysis of global social transformations, economic crises, the evolution of technology, as well as to study the impact of globalization on local social processes. Synergetics helps explain how small changes in one part of a social system can have profound consequences for the entire society. It should be emphasized that the synergistic laws of society are the fundamental principles by which the social system functions as a whole organism. These laws determine the rules and mechanisms of interaction between various elements of society, ensuring its stability and development. Like biological organisms, society is subject to certain laws that determine its ability to adapt in response to external and internal challenges. The ideas of synergetics began to permeate the social sciences in the 1970s through the work of scientists such as Ilya Prigozhin and Herman Hacken, who applied physical principles to social systems. Prigozhin studied thermodynamic systems far from equilibrium and discovered that such systems can self-organize into stable structures. This discovery became the basis for understanding social systems as dynamic and unstable formations that can independently form new mechanisms of order. Traditional approaches are often based on the assumption of linear development of society, where all changes occur gradually and predictably. However, reality shows that social changes are chaotic and can be abrupt and unpredictable. It is the synergistic approach that allows us to analyze these chaotic processes, understanding them as part of a complex mechanism of selforganization that leads to the emergence of new social structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking from the perspective of the importance of beekeeping production for agriculture, and its impact on production sustainability, biodiversity and food security, research on food self-sufficiency in the honey market is important. The aim of this article was to assess food self-sufficiency in the honey market in Poland in terms of the sustainability of production. The research covered the years 2002–2023. The research material consisted of secondary sources of information from the FAOSTAT 2024 database, reports of the Institute of Horticulture, Department of Beekeeping in Puławy, and market reports of IERiGŻ-PIB. The research used dynamic indicators, Pearson's correlation coefficient, self-sufficiency ratios (SSR) and intra-industry trade (IIT) indicators. The analysis showed that Poland is not food self-sufficient in honey production. Environmental issues and related food security will be important for a change in the model of beekeeping in Poland, as this sector plays an important role in maintaining sustainability and biodiversity; hence, the assessment of food self-sufficiency in honey production should be treated broadly, including the benefits for agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the impact of financial insecurity on the mental well-being and stress levels of parents in Lebanon amid the country’s severe economic crisis. The context of Lebanon’s economic collapse, coupled with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Beirut port explosion, has exacerbated financial and psychological distress among the population. This research aims to understand the correlation between financial instability and parental stress, identifying key factors contributing to mental health challenges in this demographic. Methods: Employing a quantitative research approach, data was collected through an online survey from 785 parents from different backgrounds in Lebanon. The survey incorporated sociodemographic questions, the InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being Scale (IFDFW), and the Arabic version of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: Findings showed significant correlations between high levels of parental stress and factors such as age (r = 0.071, p = 0.047) and lower education levels. Notably, refugees residing in Lebanon exhibited higher stress levels compared to Lebanese parents (mean stress score: 51.73 vs. 45.71, p < 0.001). Similarly, employed participants exhibited higher stress levels compared to the nonworking (mean stress score: 46.75 vs. 44.60, p = 0.003). A significant inverse association was found between financial well-being and parental stress (r=-0.216, p < 0.001), emphasizing the profound impact of economic instability on mental health. Conclusions: This study highlights the adverse effects of financial insecurity on parents’ mental health, primarily during a period of economic instability, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted support interventions. These findings contribute to the literature on economic crises and mental health, providing a basis for future research and policy development in similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine profiles of subjective well‐being (SWB) and their stability during the economic hardships associated with the long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Selected sociodemographic, personality, and context‐related variables were tested as covariates. Data were collected from 1755 participants (mean age 45.75 ± 15.99 years) in a nationwide panel over four waves (from November 2022 to June 2023; 34.3% dropout rate). SWB was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, while personality traits were assessed with the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory. Latent profile and transition analyses identified four SWB profiles (ambivalent, average, low, high) that remained stable over 8 months despite a significant drop in the inflation rate. Subjectively evaluated financial situation and the perceived impact of inflation on the household were significant covariates of profile membership, even after controlling for personality traits. The results of this study support the set‐point theory of SWB and suggest that SWB is stable under socially shared circumstances of economic hardships, which may be attributed to both individual‐level and country‐level processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]