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The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. An economic simulation was carried out over 183 milk-producing countries to estimate the global economic impacts of 12 dairy cattle diseases and health conditions: mastitis (subclinical and clinical), lameness, paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), displaced abomasum, dystocia, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, retained placenta, and ketosis (subclinical and clinical). Estimates of disease impacts on milk yield, fertility, and culling were collected from the literature, standardized, meta-analyzed using a variety of methods ranging from simple averaging to random-effects models, and adjusted for comorbidities to prevent overestimation. These comorbidity-adjusted disease impacts were then combined with a set of country-level estimates for lactational incidence or prevalence or both, herd characteristics, and price estimates within a series of Monte Carlo simulations that estimated and valued the economic losses due to these diseases. It was estimated that total annual global losses are US$65 billion (B). Subclinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, and subclinical mastitis were the costliest diseases modeled, resulting in mean annual global losses of approximately US$18B, US$13B, and US$9B, respectively. Estimated global annual losses due to clinical ketosis, displaced abomasum, dystocia, lameness, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, paratuberculosis, and retained placenta were estimated to be US$0.2B, US$0.6B, US$0.6B, US$6B, US$5B, US$0.6B, US$4B, US$4B, and US$3B, respectively. Without adjustment for comorbidities, when statistical associations between diseases were disregarded, mean aggregate global losses would have been overestimated by 45%. Although annual losses were greatest in India (US$12B), the United States (US$8B), and China (US$5B), depending on the measure of losses used (losses as a percentage of gross domestic product, losses per capita, losses as a percentage of gross milk revenue), the relative economic burden of these dairy cattle diseases across countries varied markedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Podoconiosis is a progressive and debilitating form of tropical lymphoedema endemic to Rwanda. Although the physical and psychological consequences are well known, few studies have evaluated the financial burden of podoconiosis. Methods This cross-sectional, quantitative study aimed to characterize direct treatment costs and impacts on annual earnings among individuals living with podoconiosis. Participants from two highly endemic districts were invited to complete a survey focused on health-seeking history, insurance status, out-of-pocket costs and income changes. Direct treatment costs included medical expenditures (consultation, diagnostics, medication) and non-medical expenditures (food, transportation, accommodation). Results Overall, 226 adults (≥18 y of age) diagnosed with podoconiosis participated. Most had access to community-based health insurance (91.6%) but were unable to work (71.7%). Respondents sought care from health centres/posts (61.9%), hospitals (25.1%), traditional healers (5.8%) and/or community health workers (4.0%). On average, study participants paid US$32.50 (range US$0–779.23) annually, or 11.7% of their household salary, on podoconiosis treatments. Conclusions This study demonstrates the significant financial burden of podoconiosis on individuals and their communities. Increased attention on integrating podoconiosis management into primary care systems and testing cost-effective solutions is needed to protect those who are most vulnerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were identified as requiring additional support and protection. This multi-method qualitative study shifts this narrative by asking: how did older people contribute to the COVID-19 public health response? We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of responses from 870 letter-writers and 44 interviewees who were older people living in Aotearoa, New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older people made substantial contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic through: 1) volunteering; 2) nurturing; and 3) advocacy/activism. We argue that policy makers should take seriously the ways older people were providers of help and support in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Breastfeeding is a protective measure against childhood overweight and obesity. However, many children are not breastfed the recommended duration, with those from disadvantaged backgrounds more likely to cease breastfeeding early.Investigate the association between duration of any breastfeeding and body mass index (BMI) and estimate the health, economic and equity impacts of increasing breastfeeding duration to at least 6 months.We modelled the association between any breastfeeding duration and BMI at age 6/7 years, using a nationally representative cohort of 3935 Australian children (survey weighted to 221 103 children). We then used a simulation model to predict the impact of increasing breastfeeding duration to at least 6 months in all children on prevalence of overweight (including obesity) and associated healthcare costs to age 16/17 years.Achieving breastfeeding duration of at least 6 months could prevent 2933 cases of overweight at age 16/17 years, translating to healthcare cost‐savings of AUD $4.29 million. Although most cases (68%) would come from low socio‐economic backgrounds this would make only a minor difference in reducing inequalities.Efforts to support increased breastfeeding duration could result in reduced prevalence of overweight and obesity and save healthcare costs, however, additional action would be required to improve equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy waste from power plants, typically emitted into the atmosphere, contributes to climate change and resource depletion. Integrating heat recovery systems into power plants can improve overall efficiency. This study focused on utilizing waste heat from a 500-MWe coal-based supercritical standalone plant through the organic Rankine cycle. The power plant uses Indian coal as a fuel input, and five distinct working fluids, R245fa, methanol, acetone, ethanol, and benzene, are considered working fluids for the ORC system. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the standalone plant exhibits energy and exergy efficiencies of 27.33% and 25.01%, respectively. Following the integration of ORC, an overall efficiency improvement is observed. The increment in efficiency is because of the waste heat utilization, where the ORC generates additional electricity generation with outputs of 9.91 MWe for R245fa, 13.71 MWe for methanol, 13.97 MWe for acetone, 14.04 MWe for ethanol, and 14.11 MWe for benzene. Additionally, the study reveals a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions compared to the coal-based power plant with the same production of power, amounting to approximately 216.43 tons for R245fa, 299.43 tons for methanol, 305.10 tons for acetone, 306.63 tons for ethanol, and 308.16 tons for benzene. The thermodynamic investigation identifies the superior performance of the benzene-based ORC among the chosen fluids, and the economic study concludes that the ethanol-based ORC stands out as the most favorable option among the considered alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background With coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward. Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine. Results For an 18–49 year old, getting vaccinated at its current price ($60) can save the individual on average $ 30–$603 if the individual is uninsured and $4–$437 if the individual has private insurance, as long as the starting vaccine efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is ≥50% and the weekly risk of getting infected is ≥0.2%, corresponding to an individual interacting with 9 other people in a day under Winter 2023–2024 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant conditions with an average infection prevalence of 10%. For a 50–64 year old, these cost-savings increase to $111–$1278 and $119–$1706 for someone without and with insurance, respectively. The risk threshold increases to ≥0.4% (interacting with 19 people/day), when the individual has 13.4% preexisting protection against infection (eg, vaccinated 9 months earlier). Conclusions There is both clinical and economic incentive for the individual to continue to get vaccinated against COVID-19 each year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early studies on sustainability establish social, economic, and environmental improvement as the ultimate goal worldwide. This is true for nations or companies with significant economic and technological resources that apply indicators, data, and methodologies to manage harmonious, sustainable development; however, little is known about the management, integration, and measurement of unified social, economic, and environmental dimensions to achieve sustainable actions for agriculture. Therefore, under a qualitative-quantitative approach combining the knowledge management paradigm, sustainability criteria, and the log-linear statistical test, this paper investigates actions for sustainability around planting–harvesting–first disposal of the coffee circuit based on the tacit-explicit traditional knowledge of 55 members of its productive ecosystem from Guerrero, Mexico. The results show a statistical integration between environmental, economic, and social data with 0.000 (p < 0.05); a partial association on its effects with 0.209, 0.068, and 0.000, respectively (p > 0.05); the creation of on-site banks, training and assistance, and a state network for exchanging experiences as the conjectural actions that can show effects with 0.002, while the remaining were over >0.05 (p > 0.05). Governments, organizations, and researchers could extrapolate the model for sustainable agriculture management in the coffee-growing regions and for other crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early duration pigeonpea genotypes a boon as the crop needs a very little amount of inputs, survives well even under available water conditions because of its Bio-tillage in nature. There are many causes of low productivity of pigeonpea, using long duration genotypes, using convention varieties, non monitored input like sowing date and management practice and short duration genotypes play a very important role in productivity as well as production in Rajasthan. Methods: A two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar Rajasthan, during the Kharif season of the year 2018 and 2019. The experiment is laidout with a split plot design with thrice replication, in the main plot four dates of sowing allotted viz: D1 : 25th May, D2 : 10th June, D3 : 25th June and D4 : 10th July and in subplot five genotypes allotted viz: V1 : UPAS-120, V2 : ASJ-105, V3 : Pant-291, V4 : PUSA-992, V5 : ICPL-88039. Result: Field experiments resulted, the Sowing date D2 : 10th June (1451 kg ha-1), is best suitable as compared to others in terms of yields, its attributes and B:C ratio both the years. In the short duration varieties V4 : PUSA-992 (1586 kg ha-1) superior to others. In respect of different sowings dates the energy budgeting viz: energy use efficiency varies from D1 : 25th May (9.80) and (5.99) to D4 : 10th July (8.14) and (4.95), energy productivity (kg MJ-1) varies from D1 : 25th May (0.164) and (0.104) to D4 : 10th July (0.126) and (0.078) in both the years. In respective of genotypes the higher energy use efficiency found in V4 : PUSA-992 (10.34), (6.56), energy productivity in V4 : PUSA-992 (0.171 kg MJ-¹), (0.111 kg MJ-1) which was superior with others in all aspect in both the years respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the extensive amount of evidence in the literature regarding the benefits of agroforestry systems including carbon sequestration, soil erosion reduction, climate change resilience, biodiversity conservation and other ecosystem services, the adoption of agroforestry practices presents several barriers for farmers and other stakeholders, thus requiring comprehensive examination from the scientific community. We performed a systematic literature review following the methodology described in the PRISMA framework, to provide a novel comprehensive and systematic overview of what is present in the literature regarding the obstacles stakeholders perceive with regards to agroforestry adoption, gathered through participatory research methods, which are methodologies that engage stakeholders in the research process. In this work, we highlighted and categorized 31 obstacles that stakeholders around the globe perceive according to the examined literature (n = 90) with regards to agroforestry adoption, pertaining to i) technical-agronomic, ii) socio-economic and iii) policy-legislative aspects. We produced a consultable database of the examined literature presenting the extracted and categorized data including 1) Region of interest; 2) Investigated agroforestry system; 3) Methodologies utilized in the papers; 4) Number, gender ratio and type of stakeholders; 5) Main relevant obstacles found in the paper. We highlighted the five most frequently encountered issues i) the availability or quality of knowledge or experience on technical and agronomic matters, or knowledge diffusion necessary to implement or maintain agroforestry systems ii) the perceived socio-economic issue related to the market, marketing of agroforestry products, supply chain or jobs in agroforestry; iii) issues related to the amount of labor or time necessary to implement or maintain agroforestry systems; iv) issues related to the upfront economic investment necessary to establish an agroforestry system and availability of capital; and v) issues related to the availability of technical support necessary to implement or maintain agroforestry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a replacement for fish meal on growth performance and economy of production of broiler chickens. Black soldier fly larvae were processed, dried and milled. 250 Cobb 500 breed day-old chicks were randomly allotted at 50 chicks per treatment (five) in a Completely Randomized Design. The BSFLM was used to replace fish meal at graded levels 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and designated diets I, II, III, IV and V, and diets and water were fed to the chickens ad libitum. The result showed that the feed intake was significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the dietary treatments. The highest feed intake (5069.10 ± 43.42 g/bird) was recorded in bird-fed Diet I, while the lowest feed intake (4855.93 ± 130.69 g/bird) was recorded in bird-fed Diet IV. The highest final weight (2000.00 ± 50.00 g) and best feed conversion ratio (2.52 ± 0.13) were recorded in birds fed diets I and III, respectively. The highest dressed and eviscerated weights (91.19 ± 23.85 and 76.51 ± 10.59%) were recorded in birds fed Diet IV and III, respectively. The highest net profit/bird (N3208.48) was recorded in bird-fed Diet V. The percentage of net profit/bird increased as the level of BSLM inclusion increased. It is concluded within the limit of this study that replacing FM with BSLM will reduce the high cost of finished feed, thereby increasing farmers' profit and making animal protein available to the populace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability can positively affect quality of life by reducing environmental degradation and increasing access to natural resources, while economic sustainability initiatives can have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life, depending on the context. Social sustainability initiatives can also have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life, particularly for marginalized communities and low-income populations. The investigation draws on a comprehensive national survey in Spain encompassing 2,270 responses, ensuring representative profiles in terms of gender, residence, income, age, and economic sector. Considering the aforementioned factors, this research aims to underscore the necessity of recognizing the interconnections between sustainability and quality of life in policy and decision-making processes towards social happiness. To achieve this, an analysis of variance is presented, enabling the examination of significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of Spanish citizens across the three dimensions defining sustainability. Specifically, income, age and population size are key in determining the relationship between sustainability and social happiness. Furthermore, an econometric analysis has demonstrated a positive relationship between sustainability and quality of life in Spain. The key factors are safety, trust, income, and accessibility. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights to inform policy decisions aimed at promoting sustainability and enhancing the overall quality of life. The interlinked integration of smart cities and smart rural areas constitutes the quality of life zone that influences sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-economic development of a region has been considered as a process of human progress that improves the quality of life of people. In this context, the present study tried to disclose the spatial inequality of social and economic indicators throughout the districts of Bihar. It also highlights inter-district variations in the level of socio-economic development in the study area by using a composite index e.g., Socio-Economic Development Index (SEDI). A total of twenty indicators from both social and economic spheres have been used to construct SEDI. Considerable spatial disparity throughout the social and economic indicators reported in the study. Findings also show that the composite score of overall socio-economic development ranged between 0.262 to 0.525 with the district Patna ranked first and Darbhanga district ranked last. Patna, Aurangabad, Jamui, Kaimur, and Rohtas are the top most developed districts in SEDI of Bihar; while Darbhanga, Sitamarhi, Purba Champaran, Madhubani, and Sheohar are the least developed districts, respectively. The wide inter-district disparity in SEDI of Bihar has resulted. Thus, it is important to take appropriate and effective action to eradicate inequality at its root cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, sustainability has become increasingly relevant in different areas of industry. However, from the point of view of the software companies, the concept of software sustainability is still underdeveloped, as software emissions are not as easily observable as in other sectors, such as the power generation. A starting point for software development companies to tackle software sustainability is the inclusion of actions focused on improving software sustainability within their corporate social responsibility (CSR). For this reason, in this work, a set of specific software sustainability actions aligned with ISO 26000 corporate social responsibility standard is proposed. By including these actions in the CSR of software companies, they can improve sustainability aspects associated with software. In addition, the proposal was applied to six leading companies in the software sector in order to check its suitability and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The medication regimen for critically ill patients is complex and dynamic, leading to a high incidence of drug-related problems. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and economic efficiency of pharmaceutical care for these patients. Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital, adult patients were assigned either to a clinical pharmaceutical care group or a control group based on existing clinical grouping rules. Health outcomes and economic indicators were collected, followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis. Results: The acceptance rate for clinical pharmacist interventions was 89.31%. The pharmaceutical care group exhibited significant reductions in the rate of medication errors (40.65% vs. 61.69%, P < 0.001) and adverse drug events (44.52% vs. 56.45%, P = 0.020). The usage rates for special-grade antibiotics (85.16% vs. 91.13%, P = 0.009) and proton pump inhibitors (77.42% vs. 88.71%, P = 0.002) were also lower in the pharmaceutical care group. Secondary outcomes did not show significant differences in total hospital stay (21 days vs. 22 days, P = 0.092). However, ICU stay was significantly shorter (9 days vs. 11 days, P = 0.003) in the pharmaceutical care group. Cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that each 1% reduction in adverse drug events associated with ICU pharmaceutical care saved $226.75 in ICU hospitalization costs and $203.42 in total ICU drug costs. A 1% reduction in the medication error rate saved $128.57 in ICU hospitalization costs and $115.34 in total ICU drug costs. Conclusions: Pharmaceutical care significantly reduces adverse drug events and medication errors, promotes rational use of medications, decreases the length of ICU stay, and lowers treatment costs in critically ill patients, establishing a definitive advantage in terms of cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalisation of production has a positive impact on manufacturing processes in terms of resource efficiency and environmental impact, particularly in the form of increased efficiency as well as cost and resource savings. However, the use of digitalisation technologies is also associated with efforts such as costs, CO2 emissions, and raw material consumption. When planning or deciding on the digitalisation of manufacturing systems, it is therefore necessary to assess whether these technologies pay off in terms of sustainability over their life cycle. This literature review (based on the PRISMA guidelines) analyses the relevance of sustainability assessment and its methods for the digitalisation of production in research. The review reveals that research focuses on the benefits of digitalisation technologies in manufacturing, while the assessment of efforts and their benefits is in its infancy. There is a need for further research on holistic assessment methods for digitalisation technologies. In particular, there is a lack of assessment methods that consistently link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability, and there is also a lack of guidance for the application of assessment methods in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of energy generation is crucial for the functioning of every country. Currently, the EU policy is moving towards becoming independent of fossil energy sources, which can be replaced with sources that are not exhaustible, for example, energy from the sun. Public awareness of renewable energy is increasing. People are willing to invest in natural solutions. However, planning large photovoltaic farm projects is difficult due to complex location requirements. The study aimed to analyse the interferences/barriers to be considered when searching for a suitable location to install a photovoltaic farm. The analysis was conducted for the territory of Poland. The study used a literature and local legislation query and the Delphi method. The Delphi method identified the most important interferences from the investor's perspective. Eleven interferences have been identified, classified into legal, spatial, technical, social, and financial groups. Several are locally determined and only exist in selected locations (e.g., technical determinants of the power grid condition, etc.). In contrast, others are unitary (e.g., concerns about the impact of PV on human health, etc.). The decision-makers are aware of the existing interferences/barriers, and the proposed administrative, legal, and technical solutions marginally mitigate barriers. System solutions are recommended, allowing an easier way to find a suitable location for a PV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rapid developments in society and population, climate change, and environmental challenges are crucial factors impacting business operations and sustainability. To adapt to these changes effectively, businesses need to understand these factors from the dimensions of society, the environment, and the economy. Method: This research investigates these factors by deploying a questionnaire to gather data from 400 participants and employing confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equation modeling to identify the relationships among these factors. Results: This study confirms the significant role of policy and strategy in sustainable supply chain management for operations in the public sector and institutions. This new perspective allows stakeholders to respond to changes more effectively with sustainable supply chain management while maintaining flexibility in application. Additionally, this study identifies the dimension of institution and policy as another key factor. Conclusions: These findings provide in-depth insights into the key factors of sustainable supply chain management for business operations. These insights can aid in developing strategies and setting targets aligned with sustainable development goals, responding to changes in society, the environment, the economy, as well as in institutions and policy, leading to long-term sustainable business operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teaching financial and economic justice content is an important feature of social work education. Such content helps students effectively address financial challenges with their clients, transform communities, and advocate for appropriate economic policies. Despite initial efforts by CSWE and others, many social work educators still do not teach financial and economic justice content in their courses. Using the diffusion of innovation theory, this paper assesses what sociodemographic, personal, and education related factors impact the odds of teaching financial and economic justice content. The study used original survey data (n = 163) from social work educators and binary logistic regression modeling techniques. Results suggest that the social work educator's highest achieved education level, as well as the type of course taught, play a meaningful role in determining the odds of teaching the content. Furthermore, perceived relevance has a strong, positive association with the odds of teaching the content. These findings suggest that those seeking to increase the prevalence of financial and economic justice content in social work education can target their efforts on a few key intervention points, and that policy measures supporting the integration of the content have yet to be implemented by educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the potential of Muslim heritage tourism in Sofronio Española, Palawan, as a driver of economic growth and cultural exchange. The study investigates residents' perceived attributes towards this tourism development, focusing on socio-cultural, economic, and environmental aspects. A descriptive correlational design was employed, surveying 381 residents across nine barangays using stratified random sampling. The findings indicate a high level of agreement among residents on the positive socio-cultural impact of preserving Muslim heritage sites, the economic benefits of tourismrelated income and job creation, and the necessity of sustainable environmental practices. The demographic profile revealed a predominance of females (61.2%), a youthful population with 60% aged 18-27, and a high level of educational attainment, with 48.6% having attended college. Despite these insights, statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between demographic factors (age, length of residency, educational attainment) and perceived attributes, suggesting widespread support for tourism development across different demographic segments. The study concludes that while demographic factors do not significantly influence perceptions, the overall positive outlook on Muslim heritage tourism highlights its potential for fostering sustainable development. Recommendations include enhancing community engagement, supporting local entrepreneurship, implementing sustainable tourism practices, and developing a comprehensive tourism action plan. These strategies aim to capitalize on the rich cultural and natural assets of Sofronio Española, promoting it as a premier destination for Muslim heritage tourism. This research provides a foundational understanding that can guide policymakers and stakeholders in creating effective tourism development initiatives that benefit both residents and visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The "Socialization of Economic and Islamic Financial Sustainability for Student Entrepreneurs" was a collaborative event between Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) and Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) on June 25, 2024. It aimed to enhance student entrepreneurs' understanding of Islamic finance and Sharia law. Using the service-learning method, Dr. Dg. Safrina Ag. Budin presented on "Diversification of Islamic Banking Products in Malaysia," and Dr. Ridwan Nurdin discussed "The Uniqueness of Sharia in Aceh." Results showed significant improvement in participants' knowledge and engagement. This activity effectively contributed to promoting sustainable economic and financial practices among student entrepreneurs, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

toll roads, socio, economic. The purpose of this research is to identify the influence of policy implementation on the construction of the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road on the socio-economic conditions of the people of Bukit Kapur District, Dumai City. This research was carried out using a qualitative descriptive research method approach because this research explored the impact of toll road construction on the communities around the toll road, namely in Bukit Kapur District, where the construction of the Pekanbaru - Dumai Toll Road passes. Types and Sources of Data in this research are primary data and secondary data which include observation, non-participants, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the negative impact of the construction of toll roads is the use of very extensive land which will directly impact the land layout of agriculture as a whole, opening new residential and industrial areas which will directly reduce the area of agricultural land, road construction can also kill small businesses such as restaurants, grocery stores, cell phone counters and others along the Dumai - Pekanbaru highway which is now no longer the main route so they are no longer visited and the construction of toll roads hastened the demise of Pinang Kampai Dumai airport because land travel via toll roads is more efficient so now there are no more flights, while the positive impact of the construction of this toll road. The existence of toll roads will provide various conveniences, starting from cutting travel time between cities and facilitating the delivery of goods and logistics. The presence of economic opportunities for communities around the route and toll road gates so that the regional economy will grow higher so that welfare will also increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The enlargement of the European Union (EU) towards the Western Balkans contains challenges. Although the EU's goal is its enlargement, some EU countries present skepticism. The Western Balkans have not yet reached the appropriate stage of economic development. The rule of law has been among the main barriers that have hindered their EU integration advancement. This paper is based on the work of Osmani et al. (2022a), Leka et al. (2022), and Qorraj and Jusufi (2018). The aim and objective of this paper are to analyze the enlargement policy of the EU towards the countries of the Western Balkans, focusing on Kosovo. Historical research methods were used to collect facts and chronological data. The main finding of this paper is that the rule of law is the main factor that positively affects the integration of the countries of the Western Balkans into the EU, as well as the increase in the level of economic development. Therefore, as a conclusion, it can be affirmed that integration in the EU is essential for the existence of this region. The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that it deals with an important topic from the field of European integration for small countries like Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article conceptualizes and operationalizes the right to protection and assistance to the family (Article 10 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) in relation to child protection services in England and the removal of children from birth families that are deemed to pose a risk to them. It identifies the differences between the social right to protection and assistance to the family and the more commonly known civil right to private and family life. The article merges doctrinal analysis of international human rights law with a peer-led methodology of socio-legal research reliant on issue prioritization and observations from social workers, families in poverty—primarily mothers—and young people who have experience of the care system. The process aims to respect all different forms of knowledge and to challenge the epistemic injustices that result from the systematic silencing of people in poverty. Besides this epistemic value, lived experience can illuminate the academic and practitioner understanding of the main problems facing people in poverty. In particular, in relation to the right to protection and assistance to the family, lived experience can shed light on the human impact of prejudice and the lack of adequate material support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on optimizing the solar distiller and provides a foundation for future research and development in solar distillation technologies. This paper does an exergoeconomic analysis of a multi-section solar distiller (MS-SS) system that is combined with a solar air heater (SAH). Therefore, its objective is to determine the most effective operational and design parameters while taking into account the system's lifespan and interest rate. This will offer significant knowledge for improving the MS-SS. Key parameters examined in the study include exergoeconomic indicators, exergy production factor (EPF), exergy-based loss rate, exergy efficiency, and water cost. Variations in exergy loss rate across different seasons were observed, with implications for system efficiency. The exergoeconomic analysis demonstrates the impact of interest rates on the system's economic viability, with corresponding effects on water costs. The key findings suggest varying daily output and exergy efficiency, with the lowest values recorded in winter and the highest in summer. Summer demonstrates superior output exergy, averaging of 145 × 10³ Wh per month. In the normal case of output salinity between 0 and 500 ppm, the cost was reduced by 96.7 %, and by 96.3 % in the case of four interior sections. Water cost reduction is also observable at the same output salinity, with 54.1 % at 0 ppm and 62.4 % at 200 ppm between number of interior sections = 0 and 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: An economic simulation was carried out over 183 milk-producing countries to estimate the global economic impacts of 12 dairy cattle diseases and health conditions: mastitis (subclinical and clinical), lameness, paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), displaced abomasum, dystocia, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, retained placenta, and ketosis (subclinical and clinical). Estimates of disease impacts on milk yield, fertility, and culling were collected from the literature, standardized, meta-analyzed using a variety of methods ranging from simple averaging to random-effects models, and adjusted for comorbidities to prevent overestimation. These comorbidity-adjusted disease impacts were then combined with a set of country-level estimates for lactational incidence or prevalence or both, herd characteristics, and price estimates within a series of Monte Carlo simulations that estimated and valued the economic losses due to these diseases. It was estimated that total annual global losses are US$65 billion (B). Subclinical ketosis, clinical mastitis, and subclinical mastitis were the costliest diseases modeled, resulting in mean annual global losses of approximately US$18B, US$13B, and US$9B, respectively. Estimated global annual losses due to clinical ketosis, displaced abomasum, dystocia, lameness, metritis, milk fever, ovarian cysts, paratuberculosis, and retained placenta were estimated to be US$0.2B, US$0.6B, US$0.6B, US$6B, US$5B, US$0.6B, US$4B, US$4B, and US$3B, respectively. Without adjustment for comorbidities, when statistical associations between diseases were disregarded, mean aggregate global losses would have been overestimated by 45%. Although annual losses were greatest in India (US$12B), the United States (US$8B), and China (US$5B), depending on the measure of losses used (losses as a percentage of gross domestic product, losses per capita, losses as a percentage of gross milk revenue), the relative economic burden of these dairy cattle diseases across countries varied markedly.

The increasing demand for certified coffee has encouraged coffee exporters in Indonesia to try to help and certify coffee in their areas. Sustainable standards and certification can encourage coffee farmers to implement GAP rather than economically, socially and environmentally sustainable coffee production, the standard code coffee community (4C) certification used globally reaches 1,768,272 tons. The study aimed to determine whether farmers agreed to the implementation of 4C coffee certification in South OKU Regency. The sample was made of coffee farmers in South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency located in Pulau Beringin and Runjung Agung Districts, taken randomly and measured using a Likert scale. The study results showed that farmers agreed to implement 4C, which is in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Regarding environmental aspects, several important things are overlooked, especially restrictions on the use of pesticides, considering that farmers are currently accustomed to using insecticides and herbicides.

The article discusses the ubiquity of machines in human societies and whether machines will overcome humans. It notes that societies find order through systems of values, resource management and allocation, which are both social constructs and technological representations of their environment. Any society is inseparable from its technical systems for needs like transportation. The sustainability of current societies relies on developing knowledge across fields. Technology, economics, politics, and culture are just aspects of the same social reality. The present crises stem from the weakening of modernity, an intellectual movement that emerged in Europe in the 16th century. It overcame issues through civilizational and cultural responses. The invention of writing, printing, and now electronic digitization were major revolutions in communication. While machines substitute physical strength, human communication involves tacit knowledge, feelings and passions that algorithms cannot emulate. Therefore, the role of machines remains a problem as old as civilization.

Background: The Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY (ENJOY) Seniors Exercise Park program uses specialized outdoor equipment and a physical activity program to engage older people in physical activity, with multiple health benefits. We determined the cost-effectiveness of the ENJOY program. Methods: The economic evaluation compared health care utilization costs 6 months prior to and 6 months post ENJOY program participation. Incremental cost-utility analysis for the primary aim (quality of life) and incremental cost-effectiveness analysis for the secondary aim (falls) were used. Analyses took a societal perspective inclusive of Australian government-funded health care and pharmaceuticals in addition to hospitalizations, community-based nursing and allied health, and community services. Productivity costs were also calculated. Results: Fifty participants (average age 72.8 y [SD 7.4] and 78.0% [n = 39/50] women) were included. Participation in the ENJOY program reduced health care costs in the 6 months following the program: preintervention, $9764.49 (SD $26,033.35); postintervention, $5179.30 (SD $3826.64); observed postintervention reduction −$4.585.20 (95% confidence interval, −$12,113.99 to $2943.59; P =.227) without compromising quality of life (mean difference [MD] 0.011; 95% confidence interval, −0.034 to 0.056; P =.631) or increasing the likelihood of a fall (−0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.00 to −0.50; P =.160). The ENJOY intervention is likely cost-effective. Conclusions: Planning for shared community spaces should consider the benefits of a Seniors Exercise Park as part of the built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]