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496 results on '"Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI)"'

1. Cysteine: A multifaceted amino acid involved in signaling, plant resistance and antifungal development

Author: Mireille Faucher, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, Gabriel Roblin, Pierrette Fleurat-Lessard, Stéphane Octave, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), PhyMoTS, Transport des assimilats ( TA ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physiologie Moléculaire du Transport du Sucre chez les Végétaux ( PhyMoTS ), and Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Mimosa, Physiology, Protonophore, Cassia, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Ascomycota, Genetics, Spore germination, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Secretion, Pulvinus, Vitis, Cysteine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, chemistry.chemical_classification, Endoplasmic reticulum, [ SDV.BV.PEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Golgi apparatus, Amino acid, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Plant Leaves, Microscopy, Electron, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, symbols, 010606 plant biology & botany, Signal Transduction
Abstract: International audience; Early effects induced by cysteine were monitored using the model of Mimosa pudica pulvinar cells. Rapid dose-dependent membrane depolarization (within seconds) and modification of proton secretion (within minutes) were triggered at cysteine concentrations higher than 0.1 mM. These effects did not result from a modification of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity nor from a protonophore effect as shown by assays on plasma membrane vesicles isolated from pulvinar tissues. In a 0.5–10 mM range, cysteine inhibited the ion-driven turgor-mediated seismonastic reaction of Mimosa pudica primary pulvini and the dark-induced movement of Cassia fasciculata leaflets. At concentrations higher than 1 mM, it induced a long-lasting leaflet necrosis dependent on the concentration and treatment duration. Electron microscopy showed that cysteine induced important damage in the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of the M. pudica motor cell. Cysteine inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, from 0.5 to 20 mM, both the mycelial growth and the spore germination of the fungal pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum implicated in esca disease of grapevines. Using [35S] cysteine, we showed that the amino acid was absorbed following leaf spraying, translocated from leaves to other parts of grapevine cuttings and accumulated within trunks and roots. Therefore, cysteine showed relevant properties to be a candidate able to control fungal diseases either by acting as an early signal directing plant host reaction or/and by acting directly on fungal development.
Published: 2018

2. The complete mitochondrial genome of Gammarus roeselii (Crustacea, Amphipoda): insights into mitogenome plasticity and evolution

Author: Maria Teresa Teixeira, Rémi Wattier, Alexandre Cormier, Richard Cordaux, Thierry Rigaud, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose ( EES ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Whole genome sequencing, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogenetic tree, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haplotype, Aquatic Science, Biology, Genome, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Phylogenetics, Indel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: This study presents the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence, annotation and analysis of the amphipod Gammarus roeselii, a crustacean species widespread in European continental freshwaters. The circular mt genome has a total length of 16,073 bp and possesses the 37 canonical mt genes of bilaterians. Particularly noticeable is an unusual case of duplication of the full control region (CR). This duplication was confirmed experimentally in G. roeselii individuals caught in the wild, as it was found in all tested individuals from two distinct populations. Furthermore, comparing multiple mt haplotypes from closely related individuals from the western-most part of the distribution range of G. roeselii allowed us to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels that may constitute valuable markers for phylogeographic analyses of G. roeselii. Finally, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that helped understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the CR.
Published: 2018

3. Freshwater acidification: an example of an endangered crayfish species sensitive to pH

Author: Yann Sellier, Gilles Luquet, David Beaune, Frédéric Grandjean, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Réserve Naturelle Nationale du Pinail, GEREPI, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Biomineralization, 0106 biological sciences, Limiting factor, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Endangered species, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Molting, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Austropotamobius pallipes, Calcification, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Acidification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Freshwater, Decapoda, 14. Life underwater, Ponds, Global change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Nature reserve, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Crayfish, 6. Clean water, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, nervous system, Environmental chemistry, Carbon dioxide
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; Carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere and dissolved in water leads to acidification. Relatively few studies have focused on fresh waters, where biocalcifying species are more readily impacted by changes in pH. Sensitivity to pH of an endangered calcium-demanding organism, the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, was investigated in the Pinail nature reserve, a natural system with 3000 permanent ponds, some inhabited by the crayfish and others not, originally due to human introduction. From the 14 chemical parameters measured in this study, the main limiting factor preventing crayfish establishment appears to be water acidity (pH < 6.8), which affects calcification, molting, growth and reproduction. We predict that 20% of the Pinail populations will disappear by 2060 due to freshwater acidification with the present level of fossil fuel consumption. Ongoing and future restoration projects for conservation of this heritage crustacean must select hard water with the highest water pH (> 7).
Published: 2018

4. Sucrose is an early modulator of the key hormonal mechanisms controlling bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida

Author: Marion Lecerf, Thomas Péron, François Barbier, Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey, Jessica Bertheloot, Benoit Porcheron, Sylvie Citerne, Hanaé Roman, Soulaiman Sakr, Quentin Barrière, Jakub Rolčík, Rémi Lemoine, José Gentilhomme-Le Gourrierec, Nathalie Leduc, Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de catalyse en chimie organique (LACCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), SFR QUASAV 4207, Lab Biol & Pathol Vegetales, PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain, Universidad de Salamanca, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratory of Growth Regulators [Univ Palacký] (LGR), Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc-Palacky University Olomouc-Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux ( LEPSE ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences ( IRHS ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin ( IJPB ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Sucrose, sugar signaling, Physiology, Mutant, Flowers, strigolactones, Plant Science, Biology, Rosa, Rosa sp, Bud burst, Pisum, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plant Growth Regulators, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Auxin, shoot branching, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Arabidopsis thaliana, Sugar, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Indoleacetic Acids, fungi, food and beverages, Biological Transport, sugar signalling, biology.organism_classification, Hedgehog signaling pathway, cytokinins, chemistry, Biochemistry, sugar, Cytokinin, auxin, Research Paper, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Highlight Recent research shows that sugar availability triggers bud outgrowth. This paper further demonstrates that the effect of sucrose involves changes in the hormonal network related to bud outgrowth, and identifies potential hormones involved in sugar control., Sugar has only recently been identified as a key player in triggering bud outgrowth, while hormonal control of bud outgrowth is already well established. To get a better understanding of sugar control, the present study investigated how sugar availability modulates the hormonal network during bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida. Other plant models, for which mutants are available, were used when necessary. Buds were grown in vitro to manipulate available sugars. The temporal patterns of the hormonal regulatory network were assessed in parallel with bud outgrowth dynamics. Sucrose determined bud entrance into sustained growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Sustained growth was accompanied by sustained auxin production in buds, and sustained auxin export in a DR5::GUS-expressing pea line. Several events occurred ahead of sucrose-stimulated bud outgrowth. Sucrose upregulated early auxin synthesis genes (RhTAR1, RhYUC1) and the auxin efflux carrier gene RhPIN1, and promoted PIN1 abundance at the plasma membrane in a pPIN1::PIN1-GFP-expressing tomato line. Sucrose downregulated both RwMAX2, involved in the strigolactone-transduction pathway, and RhBRC1, a repressor of branching, at an early stage. The presence of sucrose also increased stem cytokinin content, but sucrose-promoted bud outgrowth was not related to that pathway. In these processes, several non-metabolizable sucrose analogues induced sustained bud outgrowth in R. hybrida, Pisum sativum, and Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that sucrose was involved in a signalling pathway. In conclusion, we identified potential hormonal candidates for bud outgrowth control by sugar. They are central to future investigations aimed at disentangling the processes that underlie regulation of bud outgrowth by sugar.
Published: 2015

5. Rapid evolution of aphid pests in agricultural environments

Author: Jean Peccoud, Jean-Christophe Simon, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Plant Health and Environment Department of INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes ( IGEPP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose ( EES )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Crops, Agricultural, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adaptation, Biological, Biology, Alkenes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Insect Control, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Polyphenism, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pyrans, 2. Zero hunger, Mode of reproduction, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Phenotypic plasticity, Aphid, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, business.industry, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Phenotype, Agriculture, Insect Science, Aphids, PEST analysis, Adaptation, business
Abstract: International audience; Aphids constitute a major group of crop pests that inflict serious damages to plants, both directly by ingesting phloem and indirectly as vectors of numerous diseases. In response to intense and repeated human-induced pressures, such as insecticide treatments, the use of resistant plants and biological agents, aphids have developed a series of evolutionary responses relying on adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In this review, we highlight some remarkable evolutionary responses to anthropogenic pressures in agroecosystems and discuss the mechanisms underlying the ecological and evolutionary success of aphids. We outline the peculiar mode of reproduction, the polyphenism for biologically important traits and the diverse and flexible associations with microbial symbionts as key determinants of adaptive potential and pest status of aphids.
Published: 2017

6. Is real-time PCR-based diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? Evaluation of a new commercial multiplex PCR assay and literature review

Author: Estelle Cateau, M. Leterrier, Frédéric Dalle, Adrien Laude, Nicolas Argy, P. Le Pape, Céline Nourrisson, Y. Le Govic, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Marie Machouart, Françoise Botterel, Nathalie Bourgeois, Florent Morio, Stéphane Valot, Christelle Pomares, Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans ( LEO ), Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Tours, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ), Relations Hôte-Environnement ( RHEM ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes, Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IICiMed - EA 1155, Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR Sciences et Techniques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon (CHD Vendée), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L’UNAM Université, Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA 3142, CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Statistique, Analyse et Modélisation Multidisciplinaire (SAmos-Marin Mersenne) (SAMM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, parasitic diseases, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, stool, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cryptosporidium parvum, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, DNA extraction, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, multiplex real-time PCR, microscopy, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium hominis, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; Microscopy is the reference standard for routine laboratory diagnosis in faecal parasitology but there is growing interest in alternative methods to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination, which is time-consuming and highly dependent on an operator's skills and expertise. Compared with microscopy, DNA detection by PCR is simple and can offer a better turnaround time. However, PCR performances remain difficult to assess as most studies have been conducted on a limited number of positive clinical samples and used in-house PCR methods. Our aim was to evaluate a new multiplex PCR assay (G-DiaParaTrio; Diagenode Diagnostics), targeting Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica. To minimize the turnaround time, PCR was coupled with automated DNA extraction (QiaSymphony; Qiagen). The PCR assay was evaluated using a reference panel of 185 samples established by routine microscopic examination using a standardized protocol including Ziehl-Neelsen staining and adhesin detection by ELISA (E. histolytica II; TechLab). This panel, collected from 12 French parasitology laboratories, included 135 positive samples for G. intestinalis (n = 38), C. parvum/C. hominis (n = 26), E. histolytica (n = 5), 21 other gastrointestinal parasites, together with 50 negative samples. In all, the G-DiaParaTrio multiplex PCR assay identified 38 G. intestinalis, 25 C. parvum/C. hominis and five E. histolytica leading to sensitivity/specificity of 92%/100%, 96%/100% and 100%/100% for G. intestinalis, C. parvum/C. hominis and E. histolytica, respectively. This new multiplex PCR assay offers fast and reliable results, similar to microscopy-driven diagnosis for the detection of these gastrointestinal protozoa, allowing its implementation in routine clinical practice.
Published: 2015

7. Online data sharing with virtual social interactions favor scientific and educational successes in a biodiversity citizen science project

Author: Ana-Cristina Torres, Baptiste Bedessem, Nicolas Deguines, Colin Fontaine, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE23-0015,HEADWORK,Processus massivement participatifs d'acquisition de données et de connaissances(2016)
Subjects: public engagement, science learning, Information Systems and Management, environmental commitment, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Management of Technology and Innovation, Strategy and Management, Citizen science, conservation science, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; Given the diversity of biodiversity citizen science projects' design and objectives, a major challenge is to better understand the factors influencing their successes. We study an online communication space where participants to a participative biodiversity monitoring program share their data and freely interact. A quantitative analysis of the comments' distribution among participants reveals the multiplicity of epistemic and social roles they endorse: helping collective identification of plants and insects, moderating the respect of the scientific protocol, or maintaining community's life. By building a typology of these comments, we show how this space of discussion favors exchanges and reflections about esthetical, interpersonal, biological and methodological aspects. We argue that the existence of such spaces favors all together the production of high-quality data, science learning, and individual commitment towards environmental issues. Maybe more importantly, they allow citizens to build and strengthen collective epistemic and affective relationships with science
Published: 2022

8. Deleterious effects of thermal and water stresses on life history and physiology: a case study on woodlouse

Author: Charlotte Depeux, Angèle Branger, Théo Moulignier, Jérôme Moreau, Jean-François Lemaître, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Tiffany Laverre, Hélène Pauhlac, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Sophie Beltran-Bech, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie Évolutive [UMR 6282 Biogéosciences] ( Équipe ECO/EVO), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: We tested independently the influences of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture on life history and physiological traits in the arthropodArmadillidium vulgare. Both increasing temperature and decreasing moisture led reproductive success to decrease. While the density of immune cells decreased and the β-galactosidase activity increased with increasing temperature and decreasing moisture, which suggests a negative impact of these stressors on individual performance, increased temperature and decreased moisture affected differently the other biomarkers conjuring different underlying mechanisms depending on the stress applied. Our findings demonstrate overall a negative impact of high temperature and low moisture on woodlouse welfare. Changing temperature or moisture had slightly different effects, illustrating the need to test further the respective role of each of these key components of climate change on organisms to predict more reliably the future of our ecosystems.
Published: 2023

9. A synthesis of biological invasion hypotheses associated with the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum

Author: Ella Z. Daly, Olivier Chabrerie, Francois Massol, Benoit Facon, Manon C.M. Hess, Aurélie Tasiemski, Frédéric Grandjean, Matthieu Chauvat, Frédérique Viard, Estelle Forey, Laurent Folcher, Elise Buisson, Thomas Boivin, Sylvie Baltora‐Rosset, Romain Ulmer, Patricia Gibert, Gabrielle Thiébaut, Jelena H. Pantel, Tina Heger, David M. Richardson, David Renault, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, CHU Lille, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de Nématologie (LSV Rennes), Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Stellenbosch University, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), The authors were supported by InEE-CNRS via a funded network dedicated to Biological Invasions (Groupement de Recherche Invasions Biologiques, InvaBio, 2014–2022, CNRS 3647). The research was funded by the ASICS project (ANR-20-EBI5-0004, BiodivERsA, BiodivClim call 2019–2020), and the French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor (Project 136 ‘SubAntEco', French Polar Institute). DMR acknowledges support from Mobility 2020 project no. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0017850 (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic) and long-term research development project RVO 67985939 (Czech Academy of Sciences). TH received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project number HE 5893/8-1., ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020), RIOU, Christine, ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS - - ASICS2020 - ANR-20-EBI5-0004 - BiodivERsA - VALID, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and University of Duisburg-Essen
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, niche, invasion ecology, invasiveness, alien populations, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, hypothesis, dispersal, geographic expansion, Biologie, phenotypic plasticity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, invasibility
Abstract: International audience; With the advent of the Anthropocene, biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level, and the number of species introductions is still increasing in an ever-changing world. Despite major advances in invasion science, significant debate and lack of clarity remain surrounding the determinants of success of introduced species, the magnitude and dimensions of their impact, and the mechanisms sustaining successful invasions. Empirical studies show divergent impacts of alien populations on ecosystems and contrasting effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the dynamics of alien populations, which hinders the creation of a unified theory of biological invasions. Compounding these issues is the plethora of hypotheses that aim to explain invasion success, which can be unclear and contradictory. We propose a synthesis that categorizes hypotheses along a timeline of invasion. We sorted invasion hypotheses along the invasion timeline, and considered population, community and ecosystem levels. This temporal sorting of invasion concepts shows that each is relevant at a specific stage of the invasion. Although concepts and empirical findings on alien species may appear contradictory, when mapped onto an invasion timeline, they may be combined in a complementary way. An overall scheme is proposed to summarise the theoretical dynamics of ecosystems subjected to invasions. For any given case study, this framework provides a guide through the maze of theories and should help choose the appropriate concepts according to the stage of invasion.
Published: 2023

10. Phenol-soluble modulins α are major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus secretome promoting inflammatory response in human epidermis

Author: Alexia Damour, Gerard Lina, Luc Deroche, Franck Marie Leclère, Julien Verdon, Brandon Robin, Julie Cremniter, Nicolas Bellin, Nicolas Lévêque, Magali Garcia, Charles Bodet, Lauranne Broutin, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), staphylococcus aureus, Virulence Factors, Immunology, Bacterial Toxins, Virulence, Human skin, keratinocyte, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Microbiology, epidermis, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Secretome, Inflammation, Epidermis (botany), atopic dermatitis, toxins, inflammatory response, Staphylococcal Infections, phenol soluble modulins, medicine.disease, CXCL2, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Staphylococcus aureus, CXCL5, Cytokines, Parasitology, Chemokines, Inflammation Mediators, Keratinocyte, psm α3, Dysbiosis, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, Research Article, Research Paper
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a skin commensal microorganism commonly colonizing healthy humans. Nevertheless, S. aureus can also be responsible for cutaneous infections and contribute to flare-up of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is characterized by dysbiosis of the skin microbiota with S. aureus as the predominant species. However, the role of major virulence factors of this pathogen such as phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) toxins in epidermal inflammation remains poorly understood. Stimulation of primary human keratinocytes with sublytic concentrations of synthetic and purified PSM α3 resulted in upregulation of a large panel of pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine gene expression, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL8, CCL20, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-36γ and TNF-α, while inducing the release of CXCL8, CCL20, TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, using S. aureus culture supernatant from mutants deleted from genes encoding either α-type PSMs or all PSM production, PSMs were shown to be the main factors of S. aureus secretome responsible for pro-inflammatory mediator induction in human keratinocytes. On the other hand, α-type PSM-containing supernatant triggered an intense induction of pro-inflammatory mediator expression and secretion during both topical and basal layer stimulation of an ex vivo model of human skin explants, a physiologically relevant model of pluristratified epidermis. Taken together, the results of this study show that PSMs and more specifically α-type PSMs are major virulence factors of S. aureus inducing a potent inflammatory response during infection of the human epidermis and could thereby contribute to AD flare-up through exacerbation of skin inflammation.
Published: 2021

11. Gradient concentration strip–specific epidemiological cut-off values of antifungal drugs in various yeast species and five prevalent Aspergillus species complexes

Author: Victor Mercier, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Laurence Delhaes, Francoise Botterel, Danièle Maubon, Frédéric Dalle, Alexandre Alanio, Sandrine Houzé, Eric Dannaoui, Carole Cassagne, Sophie Cassaing, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Arnaud Fekkar, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Julie Bonhomme, Damien Dupont, Damien Costa, Boualem Sendid, Taieb Chouaki, Nathalie Bourgeois, Antoine Huguenin, Sophie Brun, Caroline Mahinc, Lilia Hasseine, Solène Le Gal, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Eric Bailly, Florent Morio, Céline Nourrisson, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Estelle Perraud-Cateau, Anne Debourgogne, Hélène Yéra, Laurence Lachaud, Milène Sasso, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques - Fungal Biology and Pathogenicity (BPF), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Limoges, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Département de microbiologie [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Infection Inflammation et Interaction Hôtes Pathogènes [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (3IHP ), Direction de la recherche clinique et de l’innovation [CHU Clermont-Ferrand] (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Gradient concentration strip–specific, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, Epidemiological cut-off values, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Antifungal susceptibility, Candida
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To determine the epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) of ten antifungal agents in a wide range of yeasts and Aspergillus spp. using gradient concentration strips.Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations for amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, determined with gradient concentration strips at 35 French microbiology laboratories between 2002 and 2020, were retrospectively collected. Then, the ECVs were calculated using the iterative method and a cut-off value of 97.5%.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations were available for 17 653 clinical isolates. In total, 48 ECVs (including 32 new ECVs) were determined: 29 ECVs for frequent yeast species (e.g. Candida albicans and itraconazole/flucytosine, and Candida glabrata species complex [SC] and flucytosine) and rare yeast species (e.g. Candida dubliniensis, Candida inconspicua, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cryptococcus neoformans) and 19 ECVs for Aspergillusflavus SC, Aspergillusfumigatus SC, Aspergillusnidulans SC, Aspergillusniger SC, and Aspergillusterreus SC.Conclusions: These ECVs can be added to the already available gradient concentration strip-specific ECVs to facilitate minimum inhibitory concentration interpretation and streamline the identification of nonwild type isolates.
Published: 2022

12. Phylogenetic evidence for a clade of tick-associated trypanosomes

Author: Koual, Rachid, Buysse, Marie, Grillet, Justine, Binetruy, Florian, Ouass, Sofian, Sprong, Hein, Duhayon, Maxime, Boulanger, Nathalie, Jourdain, Frédéric, Alafaci, Aurélien, Verdonck, Julien, Verheyden, Hélène, Rispe, Claude, Plantard, Olivier, Duron, Olivier, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), UR 7290 VBP, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER ZA PYRenees GARonne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010)
Subjects: Mammals, Trypanosoma, Ixodes, Placenta, Trypanosoma pestanai, Trypanosome specificity, Infectious Diseases, Amblyomma, Pregnancy, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Vertebrates, Animals, Parasitology, Female, Phylogeny
Abstract: Background Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites of vertebrates that are of medical and veterinary concern. A variety of blood-feeding invertebrates have been identified as vectors, but the role of ticks in trypanosome transmission remains unclear. Methods In this study, we undertook extensive molecular screening for the presence and genetic diversity of trypanosomes in field ticks. Results Examination of 1089 specimens belonging to 28 tick species from Europe and South America led to the identification of two new trypanosome strains. The prevalence may be as high as 4% in tick species such as the castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus, but we found no evidence of transovarial transmission. Further phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA, EF1-α, hsp60 and hsp85 gene sequences revealed that different tick species, originating from different continents, often harbour phylogenetically related trypanosome strains and species. Most tick-associated trypanosomes cluster in a monophyletic clade, the Trypanosoma pestanai clade, distinct from clades of trypanosomes associated with transmission by other blood-feeding invertebrates. Conclusions These observations suggest that ticks may be specific arthropod hosts for trypanosomes of the T. pestanai clade. Phylogenetic analyses provide further evidence that ticks may transmit these trypanosomes to a diversity of mammal species (including placental and marsupial species) on most continents. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2022

13. A common framework for developing robust soil fauna classifications

Author: Mickael Hedde, Olivier Blight, Maria J.I. Briones, Jonathan Bonfanti, Alain Brauman, Margot Brondani, Irene Calderón Sanou, Julia Clause, Erminia Conti, Jérôme Cortet, Thibaud Decaëns, Amandine Erktan, Sylvain Gérard, Arnaud Goulpeau, Maeva Iannelli, Sophie Joimel-Boulanger, Pascal Jouquet, Nicolas Le Guillarme, Claire Marsden, Camille Martinez Almoyna, Christian Mulder, William Perrin, Julien Pétillon, Benjamin Pey, Anton M. Potapov, Sara Si-moussi, Wilfried Thuiller, Jean Trap, Alan Vergnes, Andrey Zaitsev, Yvan Capowiez, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Vigo, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), EUdaphobase COST Action (CA18237), PhD thesis is funded by a grant from the Fondation de France (00117720), PhD thesis is funded by a grant from the French Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI), PhD is funded by GAIA Doctoral School (Univ. Montpellier)., ANR-16-CE02-0009,GlobNets,Biogéographie globale des réseaux écologiques des forêts du monde(2016), ANR-21-CE32-0004,O-NEMATO-P,Les traits fonctionnels des nématodes des sols: leur rôle pour optimiser l'accès de la plante au phosphore(2021), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Soil invertebrates, Functional groups, Ecological groups, Trait-based approach, Soil Science, Guilds, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trait -based approach
Abstract: International audience; Classifying organisms has a wide use and a long history in ecology. However, the meaning of a ‘group of organisms’ and how to group organisms is still the subject of much theoretical and empirical work. Achieving this long quest requires simplifying the complexity of species niches for which relevant morphological, behavioural, biochemical or life-history traits are often used as relevant proxies. Soil fauna is highly diverse and many classifications have been proposed to synthesize both the response of soil organisms to their environment and their effect on soil functioning. Here, we provide a critical overview of the characteristics and limitations of the existing classifications in soil ecology, and propose clarifications and alternatives to current practices. We summarise the similarities and differences in how classifications have been created and used in soil ecology. We propose a harmonization of the current concepts by properly defining ‘guilds’, ‘functional groups’ and ‘trophic groups’ as subcategories of ‘ecological groups’, with different purposes and distinguishing criteria. Finally, based on these concepts, we suggest a common framework to define classifications based on functional traits that allows a better and unified understanding of changes in soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2022

14. Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Author: Stéphanie Robin, N. Prunier-Leterme, Jean Peccoud, Gautier Richard, Julie Jaquiéry, Fabrice Legeai, Hélène Boulain, G. Le Trionnaire, Sylvie Tanguy, J-C Simon, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Plateforme bioinformatique GenOuest [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Plateforme Génomique Santé Biogenouest®-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), and Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique
Subjects: Sexual conflict, Genetics, Autosome, Gene duplication, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Phenotypic trait, Allele, Biology, Genome, Gene, X chromosome
Abstract: Males and females share essentially the same genome but differ in their optimal values for many phenotypic traits, which can result in intra-locus conflict between the sexes. Aphids display XX/X0 sex chromosomes and combine unusual X chromosome inheritance with cyclical parthenogenesis. Theoretical and empirical works support the hypothesis that the large excess of male-biased genes observed on the aphid X chromosome compared to autosomes has evolved in response to sexual conflicts, by restricting the product of a sexually antagonistic allele to the sex it benefits. However, whether such masculinization of the X affects all tissues (as expected if it evolved in response to sexual conflicts) or reflects tissue specificities (which would contradict the sexual conflict hypothesis) remains an open question. To address it, we measured gene expression in different somatic and gonadic tissues of males, sexual females and parthenogenetic females of the pea aphid. We observed a masculinization of the X at the tissue-level, with male-biased genes being 2.5 to 3.5 more frequent on the X than expected. We also tested the hypothesis that gene duplication can facilitate the attenuation of conflicts by allowing gene copies to neo- or sub-functionalize and reach sex-specific optima. As predicted, X-linked copies of duplicated genes having their other copies on autosomes were more frequently male-biased (40.5% of the genes) than duplicated autosomal genes (6.6%) or X-linked single-copy genes (32.5%). These results highlight a peculiar pattern of expression of X-linked genes in aphids at the tissue level and provides further support for sex-biased expression as a mechanism to attenuate intra-locus sexual conflicts.
Published: 2022

15. Occurrence of interactions between individual Sr2+- and Ca2+-effects on maize root and shoot growth and Sr2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents, and membrane potential: Consequences on predicting Sr2+-impact

Author: Gabriel Roblin, Christelle Moyen, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, inorganic chemicals, Zea mays growth, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ion, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Botany, Metal contaminant, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Membrane potential, Chemistry, Plant physiology, Depolarization, Pollution, Zea mays, Strontium/calcium interactions, Membrane, Ion uptake and translocation, Shoot, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, Ion content, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Occurrence of functional interactions between Sr2+ and Ca2+ were investigated on maize plants grown under hydroponic conditions in presence of various mixtures of SrCl2 [0-0.01-1-10 mM] and CaCl2 [0-0.2-2-20 mM]. External [Ca2+] modulated the effect of Sr2+ on the plant dry weight, and on the Sr2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents of roots and shoots. An intermediary functional step between external [Sr2+] and [Ca2+], and organ ion content, occurred at the plasma membrane of cortical root cells where Sr2+ and Ca2+ could influence ion uptake by acting on membrane potential. The decrease of the Sr2+-evoked membrane depolarization induced by Ca2+ could not solely be attributed to the Ca2+-effect on the resting membrane potential. Most of the time the individual effects of Sr2+ and Ca2+ were not additive, as these two ions clearly interacted with each other to jointly affect the plant physiology. In spite of these interactions, both [Sr2+]ext or [Sr2+]ext/[Ca2+]ext ratio values seemed to enable a correct prediction of the Sr2+-effects on the plant. However using the [Sr2+]ext/[Ca2+]ext ratio improved significantly the adequacy of prediction compared to the use of [Sr2+]ext alone, as it increased up to 25% the proportion of variability accounted for by the model.
Published: 2013

16. Multi-infections of feminizing Wolbachia strains in natural populations of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare

Author: Victorien Valette, Winka Le Clec’h, Frédéric Grandjean, Paul-Yannick Bitome Essono, Nicolas Bech, Monique Johnson, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Rickettsiaceae Infections, lcsh:Medicine, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, lcsh:Science, Gene, Genotyping, Polymerase chain reaction, reproductive and urinary physiology, 030304 developmental biology, Armadillidium vulgare, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Host (biology), Strain (biology), lcsh:R, Reproducibility of Results, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, bacteria, Female, lcsh:Q, Wolbachia, France, Isopoda, Research Article, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 7 pages; International audience; Maternally inherited Wolbachia (α-Proteobacteria) are widespread parasitic reproductive manipulators. A growing number of studies have described the presence of different Wolbachia strains within a same host. To date, no naturally occurring multiple infections have been recorded in terrestrial isopods. This is true for Armadillidium vulgare which is known to harbor non simultaneously three Wolbachia strains. Traditionally, such Wolbachia are detected by PCR amplification of the wsp gene and strains are characterized by sequencing. The presence of nucleotide deletions or insertions within the wsp gene, among these three different strains, provides the opportunity to test a novel genotyping method. Herein, we designed a new primer pair able to amplify products whose lengths are specific to each Wolbachia strain so as to detect the presence of multi-infections in A. vulgare. Experimental injections of Wolbachia strains in Wolbachia-free females were used to validate the methodology. We re-investigated, using this novel method, the infection status of 40 females sampled in 2003 and previously described as mono-infected based on the classical sequencing method. Among these females, 29 were identified as bi-infected. It is the first time that naturally occuring multiple infections of Wolbachia are detected within an individual A. vulgare host. Additionally, we resampled 6 of these populations in 2010 to check the infection status of females.
Published: 2013

17. Protein farnesylation is involved in nitrogen starvation adaptation in Arabidopsis

Author: Léo Bellenger, Eric Ducos, Muriel Feinard-Duranceau, Cécile Vincent-Barbaroux, Arnaud Lanoue, Marianne Unlubayir, Cécile Abdallah, Nathalie Pourtau, Benoit Porcheron, Anne Marmagne, Alexandra Launay-Avon, Christine Paysant Le Roux, Louis-Valentin Méteignier, Olivier Pichon, Christelle Dutilleul, Biomolécules et biotechnologies végétales (BBV EA 2106), Université de Tours (UT), Équipe de Recherche Contextes et Acteurs de l'Éducation (ERCAE), Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), 'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation' French Ministry, Region Centre-Val de Loire (PHD), and ANR-17-EURE-0007,SPS-GSR,Ecole Universitaire de Recherche de Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay(2017)
Subjects: Protein farnesylation, ERA1, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Primary metabolism, Nutritional stress, Plant Science, Nitrogen deprivation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Nitrogen is an important element that controls plant growth and yield. Recently we showed that protein farnesylation is involved in nitrate-driven root architecture organization in Arabidopsis. In this study, we aimed to deeper investigate the role of this post-translational maturation in plant responses to nitrogen, by studying the metabolic and phenotypic adaptations of the era1.8 mutant (enhanced response to abscisic acid 1; i.e. lacking protein farnesylation activity) to various NH4NO3 supplies. WT and era1.8 plants were grown on low-nitrogen substrate supplemented with 0, 2 or 10 mM NH4NO3, and were analyzed for biomass production and carbonand nitrogen-related metabolites. Our results showed that compared to WT, era1.8 developed exacerbated responses to N starvation, i.e. a higher root/shoot ratio, a higher anthocyanins content and a higher carbon/nitrogen ratio. Moreover, transcriptomic analyzes revealed an over-expression of several genes related to nitrogen starvation adaptation in era1.8 and pointed out two genes encoding uncharacterized farnesylated proteins. At 2 and 10 mM NH4NO3, although the era1.8 mutant displayed a higher biomass, its metabolism and gene expression are comparable to that of WT. Overall, our results show that era1.8 develops exacerbated responses to nitrogen starvation with specific metabolic balances, highlighting that protein farnesylation participates to plant adaptation to nitrogen nutritional stress.
Published: 2023

18. Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Author: Nicolas Sauvion, Jean Peccoud, Christine Meynard, David Ouvrard, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This data paper was conceived within the stimulating framework of the KIM RIVE (Key Initiative Montpellier: Infectious Risks and Vectors, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/key-initiatives-muse/rive), supported by MUSE (Montpellier University of Excellence, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/en/muse-i-site) and the RIVOC key challenge (https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/2021/04/19/appel-a-projets-rivoc), supported by the Occitanie Region (France). Part of this work benefitted from a postdoctoral grant to NS funded by an INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species Complexes).. Field and molecular work for this study were supported by several projects during 15 years:- ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by 'Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation', France, SEE-ERANET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EUFramework Programme for Research and Development (ERA-CT-2004-515805), SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH, Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation., European Project, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes)2005-07: ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by le Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation-France, 2007-08: SEE-ERA.NET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EU Frame-work Programme for Research and Development (contract number ERACT- 2004-515805)2009-11: SDIPS 'Mechanisms of Speciation & Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes' founded by INRA-France, 2010-12: SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, 2010-12: PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH⁄2009⁄01, 2010-12: Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', 2011-13: PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), and 2015-2018: E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation.
Subjects: Asia, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cacopsylla pruni, QH301-705.5, Biodiversity & Conservation, Cacopsylla, Evolutionary biology, Horticulture, European stone fruit yellows, vector-borne plant pathogen, Hemiptera, Data analysis & Modelling, Sternorrhyncha, Systematics, Agricultural ecology, Ecology & Environmental sciences, Animalia, phytoplasma, Biology (General), 'Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', Data Paper (Biosciences), Diseases & Pests, Biota, Psylloidea, psyllid, Europe, ' Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Psyllidae, Biogeography, Zoology & Animal Biology, Africa, species distribution, epidemiology, vecto, Americas, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Cacopsylla pruniisa psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic, and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries. Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species, which can be differentiated bymolecular markers. A literature review on the distribution of C. pruni was published in 2012, but it only provided presence or absence information at the country level and without distinction between the two cryptic species. Since 2012, numerous new records of the vector in several European countries have been published. We ourselves have acquired a large amountof data from sampling in France and other European countries. We have also carried out a thorough systematic literature review to find additional records, including all the original sources mentioningC. pruni (or its synonyms) since the first description by Scopoli in 1763. Our aim was to create an exhaustive georeferenced occurrence catalog, in particular in countries that are occasionnaly mentioned in the literature with little detail. Finally, for countries that seem suitable for the proliferation of C. pruni (USA, Canada, Japan, China, etc.), we digged deeper into the literature and reliablesources (e.g. checklist)to better subtanciateits current absence from those regions. Information on the distribution ranges of these vector psyllids is of crucial interest in order to best predict the vulnerability of stone fruit producing countries to the ESFY threat in the foreseeable future. We give free access to a unique file of 1975 records of all occurrence data in our possession concerning C. pruni, which we have gathered through more than twenty years of sampling efforts in Europe or through intensive text mining. We have made every effort to retrieve the source information for the records extracted from litterature (1201 records). Thus, we always give the title of the original reference, together with the page(s) citing C. pruni and, if possible, the year of sampling. To makethe results of this survey publicly available, we give a URL to access the literature sources. In most cases, this link allows to freely download a PDFfile. We also give access to information extracted from GBIF (162 exploitable data points on 245 occurrences found in the database), which we thoroughly checked and often supplemented to make the information more easily exploitable. We give access to our own unpublished georeferenced and genotyped record from 612samples taken over the last 20 years in several European countries (Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, etc.). Theseinclude two countries (Portugal and North Macedonia) for which the presence of C. pruni had notbeen reported before.Asour specimens have been genotyped (74 sites with species A solely, 202 with species B solely, and 310 with species A+B), our new data enable a better view of the geographical distribution of the two species at the Palaearctic scale.
Published: 2021

19. The relationship between bite force, morphology, and diet in southern African agamids

Author: Tan, W.C., Measey, J., Vanhooydonck, Beatrijs, Herrel, Anthony, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stellenbosch University, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Antwerp (UA)
Subjects: Ecology, Evolution, Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Performance, Lizards, Bite Force, Diet, Chemistry, Habitat, Agama, Lizard, QH359-425, Animals, Human medicine, Morphometrics, Biology, Head, Ecosystem, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Background: Many animals display morphological and behavioural adaptations to the habitats in which they live and the resources they exploit. Bite force is an important whole-organism performance trait that allows an increase in dietary breadth, the inclusion of novel prey in the diet, territory and predatory defence, and is important during mating in many lizards. Methods: Here, we study six species of southern African agamid lizards from three habitat types (ground-dwelling, rock-dwelling, and arboreal) to investigate whether habitat use constrains head morphology and bite performance. We further tested whether bite force and head morphology evolve as adaptations to diet by analysing a subset of these species for which diet data were available. Results: Overall, both jaw length and its out-lever are excellent predictors of bite performance across all six species. Rock-dwelling species have a flatter head relative to their size than other species, possibly as an adaptation for crevice use. However, even when correcting for jaw length and jaw out-lever length, rock-dwelling species bite harder than ground-dwelling species. Diet analyses demonstrate that body and head size are not directly related to diet, although greater in-levers for jaw closing (positively related to bite force) are associated to an increase of hard prey in the diet. Ground-dwelling species consume more ants than other species. Conclusions: Our results illustrate the role of head morphology in driving bite force and demonstrate how habitat use impacts head morphology but not bite force in these agamids. Although diet is associated with variation in head morphology it is only partially responsible for the observed differences in morphology and performance.
Published: 2021

20. Topoisomerase VI participates in an insulator-like function that prevents H3K9me2 spreading

Author: Louis-Valentin Méteignier, Cécile Lecampion, Florent Velay, Cécile Vriet, Laura Dimnet, Martin Rougée, Christian Breuer, Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat, Keiko Sugimoto, Fredy Barneche, Christophe Laloi, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Luminy Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science [Yokohama] (RIKEN CSRS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Velux Stiftung (Switzerland)., L.D. was supported by the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives and Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. F.V. is a recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation., Mass spectrometry analysis was performed at the IMM platform supported by a grant from the Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique (GIS) Infrastrutures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBiSA)., ANR-14-CE02-0010,SLOSAM,Signalisation du stress photooxydant dans les mécanismes d'acclimatation des plantes aux changements climatiques(2014), ANR-10-LABX-0054,MEMOLIFE,Memory in living systems: an integrated approach(2010), ANR-18-CE13-0004,ChromaLight,Functional links between nuclear architecture and epigenome reprogramming during plant adaptive responses to light(2018), ANR-17-CE12-0026,RiboStress,Interconnections génétiques, épigénétiques et protéiques au cours de la réorganisation fonctionnelle du nucléole et des réponses aux stress(2017), ANR-10-LABX-0040,SPS,Saclay Plant Sciences(2010), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-10-JCJC-1205,CHROS,CHromatine et ROS : Rôle du facteur de remodelage de la chromatine topoisomérase VI dans la réponse transcriptionnelle des plantes à l'oxygène singulet et autres formes actives de l'oxygène lors de conditions de stress abiotique.(2010), BARNECHE, Fredy, Appel à projets générique - Signalisation du stress photooxydant dans les mécanismes d'acclimatation des plantes aux changements climatiques - - SLOSAM2014 - ANR-14-CE02-0010 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Memory in living systems: an integrated approach - - MEMOLIFE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0054 - LABX - VALID, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Functional links between nuclear architecture and epigenome reprogramming during plant adaptive responses to light - - ChromaLight2018 - ANR-18-CE13-0004 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Interconnections génétiques, épigénétiques et protéiques au cours de la réorganisation fonctionnelle du nucléole et des réponses aux stress - - RiboStress2017 - ANR-17-CE12-0026 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Saclay Plant Sciences - - SPS2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0040 - LABX - VALID, Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique - - France-Génomique2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - CHromatine et ROS : Rôle du facteur de remodelage de la chromatine topoisomérase VI dans la réponse transcriptionnelle des plantes à l'oxygène singulet et autres formes actives de l'oxygène lors de conditions de stress abiotique. - - CHROS2010 - ANR-10-JCJC-1205 - JCJC - VALID, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Topoisomerase, Multidisciplinary, Arabidopsis Proteins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Methionine Adenosyltransferase, Chromatin, Heterochromatin spreading, Euchromatin, Histones, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Topoisomerase VI, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Epigenome, DNA Topoisomerases, Type II, Heterochromatin, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.GEN.GPL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Euchromatin islands, DNA Transposable Elements, Insulator
Abstract: The organization of the genome into transcriptionally active and inactive chromatin domains requires well-delineated chromatin boundaries and insulator functions in order to maintain the identity of adjacent genomic loci with antagonistic chromatin marks and functionality. In plants that lack known chromatin insulators, the mechanisms that prevent heterochromatin spreading into euchromatin remain to be identified. Here, we show that DNA Topoisomerase VI participates in a chromatin boundary function that safeguards the expression of genes in euchromatin islands within silenced heterochromatin regions. While some transposable elements are reactivated in mutants of the Topoisomerase VI complex, genes insulated in euchromatin islands within heterochromatic regions of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are specifically down-regulated. H3K9me2 levels consistently increase at euchromatin island loci and decrease at some transposable element loci. We further show that Topoisomerase VI physically interacts with S-adenosylmethionine synthase methionine adenosyl transferase 3 (MAT3), which is required for H3K9me2. A Topoisomerase VI defect affects MAT3 occupancy on heterochromatic elements and its exclusion from euchromatic islands, thereby providing a possible mechanistic explanation to the essential role of Topoisomerase VI in the delimitation of chromatin domains.
Published: 2022

21. Active Surveillance Program to Increase Awareness on Invasive Fungal Diseases: the French RESSIF Network (2012 to 2018)

Author: Bretagne, Stéphane, Sitbon, Karine, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Letscher-Bru, Valérie, Cassaing, Sophie, Millon, Laurence, Morio, Florent, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Hasseine, Lilia, Favennec, Loïc, Cateau, Estelle, Bailly, Eric, Moniot, Maxime, Bonhomme, Julie, Desbois-Nogard, Nicole, Chouaki, Taieb, Paugam, André, Bouteille, Bernard, Pihet, Marc, Dalle, Frédéric, Eloy, Odile, Sasso, Milène, Demar, Magalie, Mariani-Kurkdjian, Patricia, Robert, Vincent, Lortholary, Olivier, Dromer, Françoise, French Mycoses Study Group, The, Damiani, Céline, Dupont, Hervé, Maizel, Julien, Totet, Anne, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Bellanger, Anne Pauline, Berceanu, Ana, Navellou, Jean Christophe, Scherer, Emeline, Abboud, Philippe, Aznar, Christine, Blanchet, Denis, Djossou, Félix, Cayot, Sophie, Garrouste, Cyril, Lesens, Olivier, Moluçon, Cécile, Nourrisson, Céline, Poirier, Philippe, Bailly, Éloïse, Basmaciyan, Louise, Belaid, Bouhemad, Blot, Mathieu, Caillot, Denis, Charles, Pierre-Emmanuel, Quenot, Jean Pierre, Amazan, Emmanuelle, Baubion, Emilie, Cabie, André, Chabartier, Cyrille, Deligny, Christophe, Emal, Violaine, Flechelle, Olivier, Hatchuel, Yves, Le Govic, Yohann, Merle, Harold, Miossec, Charline, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Valentino, Ruddy, Durieux, Marie-Fleur, Turlure, Pascal, Mercier, Victor, Gari-Toussaint, Martine, Risso, Karine, Simon, Loïc, Bretonnière, Cedric, Boutoille, David, Gastinne, Thomas, Lakhal, Karim, Launay, Elise, Lepoivre, Thierry, Peterlin, Pierre, Rialland, Fanny, Le Pape, Patrice, Canoui, Etienne, Dahane, Naima, Kerneis, Solène, Angebault, Cécile, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabethh, Guennouni, Nadia, Lanternier, Fanny, Neven, Bennedicte, Oualha, Mehdi, Scemla, Anne, Sitterlé, Emilie, Suarez, Felipe, Toubiana, Julie, Bonacorci, Stéphane, Alanio, Alexandre, Bergeron, Anne, Denis, Blandine, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Hamane, Samia, Touratier, Sophie, Chaumeil, Christine, Merabet, Lilia, Claudéon, Joelle, Curlier, Elodie, Galantine, Valérie, Gallois, Jean Claude, Markowicz, Samuel, Nicolas, Muriel, Musson, Pascal, Schepers, Kinda, Minoza, Alida, Kauffmann-Lacroix, Catherine, Guégan, Hélène, Costa, Damien, Dehais, Marion, Gargala, Gilles, Bajolet, Odile, Banisadr, Firouze, Cousson, Joel, Himberlin, Chantal, Huguenin, Antoine, Toubas, Dominique, Flori, Pierre, Mahinc, Caroline, Raberin, Hélène, Denis, Julie, Herbrecht, Raoul, Mertes, Paul-Michel, Meziani, Fehrat, Sabou, Marcela, Schneider, Francis, Bertozzi, Anne-Isabelle, Chauvin, Pamela, Charpentier, Elena, Cointault, Olivier, Cottrel, Claire, Delavigne, Karen, Faguer, Stanislas, Fillaux, Judith, Guemas, Emilie, Iriart, Xavier, Lelièvre, Lucie, Ruiz, Jean, Bastides, Frédéric, Chesnay, Adélaïde, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, Therby, Audrey, Chachaty, Elisabeth, Gachot, Bertrand, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Software and Databasing, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], CHU Limoges, SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute [Utrecht] (WI), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Simplification des soins chez les patients complexes - UR UPJV 7518 (SSPC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications vasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by recurrent financial support from Santé Publique France and Institut Pasteur. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or the decision to submit the work for publication., We thank Didier Che (Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé Publique France) for his continuous support and interest in invasive fungal infections and Etienne Sevin (EpiConcept, Paris, France) for his contribution in the development of the RESSIF website using the VOOZANOO platform. We are thankful for the technical help of Catherine Blanc, Anne Boullié, Cécile Gautier, Virginie Geolier, and Damien Hoinard (Institut Pasteur) for the characterization of the isolates received at the NRCMA., The French Mycoses Study Group includes collaborators who contributed to these data by their involvement in the management of patients, expertise in diagnostic tools, and/or characterization of fungal isolates. They are listed in alphabetical order of a city in France and for each center, in alphabetical order of the last names: in Amiens, Céline Damiani, Hervé Dupont, Julien Maizel, and Anne Totet, in Angers, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, in Besançon, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Ana Berceanu, Jean Christophe Navellou, and Emeline Scherer, in Cayenne, Philippe Abboud, Christine Aznar, Denis Blanchet, and Félix Djossou, in Clermont-Ferrand, Sophie Cayot, Cyril Garrouste, Olivier Lesens, Cécile Moluçon, Céline Nourrisson, and Philippe Poirier, in Dijon, Éloïse Bailly, Louise Basmaciyan, Bouhemad Belaid, Mathieu Blot, Denis Caillot, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, and Jean Pierre Quenot, in Fort de France, Emmanuelle Amazan, Emilie Baubion, André Cabie, Cyrille Chabartier, Christophe Deligny, Violaine Emal, Olivier Flechelle, Yves Hatchuel, Yohann Le Govic, Harold Merle, Charline Miossec, Jean-Marie Turmel, and Ruddy Valentino, in Limoges, Marie-Fleur Durieux and Pascal Turlure, in Nîmes, Victor Mercier, in Nice, Martine Gari-Toussaint, Karine Risso, and Loïc Simon, in Nantes, Cedric Bretonnière, David Boutoille, Thomas Gastinne, Karim Lakhal, Elise Launay, Thierry Lepoivre, Pierre Peterlin, Fanny Rialland, and Patrice Le Pape, in Paris, in Hôpital Cochin, Etienne Canoui, Naima Dahane, and Solène Kerneis, in Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Cécile Angebault, Marie-Elisabethh Bougnoux, Nadia Guennouni, Fanny Lanternier, Bennedicte Neven, Mehdi Oualha, Anne Scemla, Emilie Sitterlé, Felipe Suarez, and Julie Toubiana, in Hôpital Robert-Debré, Stéphane Bonacorci, in Hôpital Saint-Louis, Alexandre Alanio, Anne Bergeron, Blandine Denis, Maud Gits-Muselli, Samia Hamane, and Sophie Touratier, in hôpital des XV-XX, Christine Chaumeil and Lilia Merabet, in Pointe-à-Pitre, Joelle Claudéon, Elodie Curlier, Valérie Galantine, Jean Claude Gallois, Samuel Markowicz, Muriel Nicolas, Pascal Musson, and Kinda Schepers, in Poitiers, Alida Minoza and Catherine Kauffmann-Lacroix, in Rennes, Hélène Guégan, in Rouen, Damien Costa, Marion Dehais, and Gilles Gargala, in Reims, Odile Bajolet, Firouze Banisadr, Joel Cousson, Chantal Himberlin, Antoine Huguenin, and Dominique Toubas, in Saint Etienne, Pierre Flori, Caroline Mahinc, and Hélène Raberin, in Strabourg, Julie Denis, Raoul Herbrecht, Paul-Michel Mertes, Fehrat Meziani, Marcela Sabou, and Francis Schneider, in Toulouse, Anne-Isabelle Bertozzi, Pamela Chauvin, Elena Charpentier, Olivier Cointault, Claire Cottrel, Karen Delavigne, Stanislas Faguer, Judith Fillaux, Emilie Guemas, Xavier Iriart, Lucie Lelièvre, and Jean Ruiz, in Tours, Frédéric Bastides, Adélaïde Chesnay, and Guillaume Desoubeaux, in Versailles, Audrey Therby, and in Villejuif, Elisabeth Chachaty and Bertrand Gachot., and CLEMENT, Nathalie
Subjects: Antifungal Agents, pneumocytosis, invasive fungal infections, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], candidemia, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, mucormycosis, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Virology, Humans, aspergillosis, epidemiology, Watchful Waiting, Fungemia, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged
Abstract: International audience; The French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals leads an active and sustained nationwide surveillance program on probable and proven invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) to determine their epidemiology in France. Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 10,886 IFDs were recorded. The incidence increased slightly over time (2.16 to 2.36/10,000 hospitalization days, P = 0.0562) in relation with an increase of fungemia incidence (1.03 to 1.19/10,000, P = 0.0023), while that of other IFDs remained stable. The proportion of ≥65-year-old patients increased from 38.4% to 45.3% (P < 0.0001). Yeast fungemia (n = 5,444) was due mainly to Candida albicans (55.6%) with stable proportions of species over time. Echinocandins became the main drug prescribed (46.7% to 61.8%), but global mortality rate remained unchanged (36.3% at 1 month). Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (n = 2,106) was diagnosed mostly in HIV-negative patients (80.7%) with a significantly higher mortality than in HIV-positive patients (21.9% versus 5.4% at 1 month, P < 0.0001). Invasive aspergillosis (n = 1,661) and mucormycosis (n = 314) were diagnosed mostly in hematology (>60% of the cases) with a global mortality rate of 42.5% and 59.3%, respectively, at 3 months and significant changes in diagnosis procedure over time. More concurrent infections were also diagnosed over time (from 5.4% to 9.4% for mold IFDs, P = 0.0115). In conclusion, we observed an aging of patients with IFD with a significant increase in incidence only for yeast fungemia, a trend toward more concurrent infections, which raises diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Overall, global survival associated with IFDs has not improved despite updated guidelines and new diagnostic tools.IMPORTANCE The epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is hard to delineate given the difficulties in ascertaining the diagnosis that is often based on the confrontation of clinical and microbiological criteria. The present report underlines the interest of active surveillance involving mycologists and clinicians to describe the global incidence and that of the main IFDs. Globally, although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis remained stable over the study period (2012 to 2018), that of yeast fungemia increased slightly. We also show here that IFDs seem to affect older people more frequently. The most worrisome observation is the lack of improvement in the global survival rate associated with IFDs despite the increasing use of more sensitive diagnostic tools, the availability of new antifungal drugs very active in clinical trials, and a still low/marginal rate of acquired in vitro resistance in France. Therefore, other tracks of improvement should be investigated actively.
Published: 2022

22. Prebiotic Isomaltooligosaccharide Provides an Advantageous Fitness to the Probiotic Bacillus subtilis CU1

Author: Romain Villéger, Emilie Pinault, Karine Vuillier-Devillers, Karine Grenier, Cornelia Landolt, David Ropartz, Vincent Sol, Maria C. Urdaci, Philippe Bressollier, Tan-Sothéa Ouk, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Intégrative Santé Chimie Environnement (BISCEm), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale (UMR GMA), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), OmégaHealth (ΩHealth), PEIRENE (PEIRENE), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro [Gradignan], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), The Région Limousin (Fr)., GIBOT LECLERC, Léa, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PEIRENE (EA 7500)
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, bile tolerance, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Computer Science Applications, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, proteomics, probiotics, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, General Materials Science, prebiotics, Instrumentation, Bacillus subtilis
Abstract: Bacillus subtilis CU1 is a probiotic strain with beneficial effects on immune health in elderly subjects and diarrhea. Commercialized under spore form, new strategies to improve the germination, fitness and beneficial effects of the probiotic once in the gut have to be explored. For this purpose, functional food ingredients, such as isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOSs), could improve the fitness of Bacillus probiotics. IMOSs are composed of α(1 → 6)- and α(1 → 4)-linked oligosaccharides and are partially indigestible. Dietary IMOSs stimulate beneficial members of intestinal microbiota, but the effect of a combination of IMOSs with probiotics, such as B. subtilis CU1, is unknown. In this study, we evaluate the potential effect of IMOSs in B. subtilis CU1 and identify the metabolic pathways involved. The biochemical analysis of the commercial IMOSs highlights a degree of polymerization (DP) comprised between 1 and 29. The metabolism of IMOSs in CU1 was attributed to an α-glucosidase, secreted in the extracellular compartment one hundred times more than with glucose, and which seems to hydrolyze high DP IMOSs into shorter oligosaccharides (DP1, DP2 and DP3) in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of CU1 after growth on IMOSs showed a reshaping of B. subtilis CU1 metabolism and functions, associated with a decreased production of lactic acid and acetic acid by two times. Moreover, we show for the first time that IMOSs could improve the germination of a Bacillus probiotic in the presence of bile salts in vitro, with an 8 h reduced lag-time when compared to a glucose substrate. Moreover, bacterial concentration (CFU/mL) was increased by about 1 log in IMOS liquid cultures after 48 h when compared to glucose. In conclusion, the use of IMOSs in association with probiotic B. subtilis CU1 in a synbiotic product could improve the fitness and benefits of the probiotic.
Published: 2022
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23. Pathogenicity of animal and plant parasitic Aphanomyces spp and their economic impact on aquaculture and agriculture

Author: Thomas Becking, David Street-Jones, Andrei Kiselev, Elodie Gaulin, Frédéric Grandjean, Valentina Rossi, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Maribohilleshög Research AB (DLF Beet Seed R&D), DLF Beet Seed, University of Aberdeen, Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Office Français de la Bio-diversitée (AFB) No 150656, European Project: 766048,MSCA-ITN-2017,PROTECTA, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovationprogramme No 766048
Subjects: Crayfish plague, Root rot, Zoology, Aphanomyces, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Aquaculture, Epizootic ulcerative syndrome, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Colonization, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Host (biology), [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Pea, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Crayfish, Fish, Sugarbeet, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Sugar beet, business
Abstract: International audience; Parasitic Aphanomyces species are a global threat to agri- and aquaculture, causing multimillion USD damage every year. Via the global trade, Aphanomyces has spread across all continents with exception of South America and Antarctica, and has become a major problem in pea, sugar beet, fish and crayfish production. The widespread A. euteiches and A. cochlioides induce root rot diseases in leguminous species and sugar beet respectively. The fish pathogen A. invadans is the causative agent of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in various fish species whilst A. astaci infects crayfishes causing crayfish plague. Aphanomyces have developed an efficient transmission and infection mechanism which allows a rapid colonization and disruption of the host's infected tissues. This review presents an overview on the current research on Aphanomyces genus. We summarise the latest research efforts on four pathogenic Aphanomyces species, shedding light on the biology of these microorganisms, the pathogenicity factors of these parasites, the diseases which they cause, their distribution and finally the strategies to control the diseases.
Published: 2022

24. Avis de l'Anses relatif à l’évaluation des risques liés à la consommation de compléments alimentaires contenant du curcuma

Author: Nesslany, Fabrice, Boutefnouchet, Sabrina, Champy, Pierre, Dufat, Hanh, Girardot, Marion, Hennebelle, Thierry, Lacaille-Dubois, Marie-Aleth, Michalet, Serge, Rivière, Céline, Souard, Florence, Vuitton, Dominique Angèle, Weniger, Bernard, Huret, Fanny, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté de médecine (UP11 UFR Médecine), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine - Département de Maïeutique (UGA UFRMDM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Retraité, Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Anses
Subjects: Compléments alimentaires, curcumine, plantes, plant extracts, plants, Food supplements, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], turmeric, préparation de plantes, curcumin, curcuma
Abstract: Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022) Avis de l’Anses relatif à l’évaluation des risques liés à la consommation de compléments alimentairescontenant du curcuma (autosaisine 2019-SA-0111). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 178 p; L’utilisation de plantes dans les compléments alimentaires est encadrée par le décret n°2006-352 du 20 mars 2006 et par l’arrêté du 24 juin 2014 ci-après dénommé « arrêté plantes ».De nombreux compléments alimentaires contenant du curcuma ou sa substance active, la curcumine, sont disponibles sur le marché français, notamment pour leurs potentielles propriétés digestives, antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires. Entre mai 2016 et mars 2021, plus de 1600 produitscontenant du curcuma ou de la curcumine ont été déclarés à la DGCCRF par Téléicare. Cette plante ne figure pas dans l’annexe I de l’arrêté du 24 juin 2014 établissant la liste des plantes, autres que les champignons, autorisées dans les compléments alimentaires et leurs conditions d’emploi Cette liste a été consolidée et publiée par la DGCCRF en janvier 20195, trois espèces de curcuma y sont présentes : Curcuma longa L., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. et Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe mais aucune recommandation sanitaire n’est attachée à ces trois espèces.À ce jour, une demande d’allégation pour la curcumine entrant dans la composition de denrées alimentaires a été déposée et évaluée par l’autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (Efsa), qui a estimé qu’une relation de cause à effet n’était pas établie entre la consommation de cettesubstance et la « contribution au fonctionnement normal des articulations ». Ainsi, aucune allégation n’a été autorisée par la Commission européenne (règlement (UE) n° 432/2012).Une dose journalière admissible (DJA) de 3 mg/kg pc/j, fondée sur l’observation d’une diminution de la croissance pondérale de la seconde génération de rats exposés à la plus forte dose lors d’une étude de toxicité développementale, a été fixée pour la curcumine, qui est largement utilisée commecolorant (E100) dans l’alimentation (Jecfa 2004). La consommation actuelle de certains compléments alimentaires contenant de la curcumine, notamment ceux dans lesquels sa biodisponibilité est augmentée par l’association à d’autres ingrédients tels que la pipérine ou par l’utilisation de nouvelles formulations, peut entraîner un dépassement de cette DJA.Par ailleurs, depuis la mise en place du dispositif de nutrivigilance en 2009, 120 signalements d’effets indésirables susceptibles d’être liés à la consommation de compléments alimentaires contenant du curcuma ou de la curcumine ont été portés à la connaissance de l’Anses. Parmi ces120 déclarations, 67 ont fait l’objet d’une analyse d’imputabilité par le groupe de travail de nutrivigilance. Les effets indésirables les plus fréquemment rapportés sont notamment d’ordre hépatique avec 15 signalements analysables. Par ailleurs, l’Italie a recensé entre novembre 2018 etjuin 2019 une vingtaine de cas spontanés d’hépatite impliquant le curcuma (seul ou en association avec d’autres ingrédients) (Menniti-Ippolito et al. 2020).Dans ce contexte, l’Anses a décidé de s’autosaisir afin de mener un état des lieux des connaissances sur cette plante, d’estimer l’exposition de la population française à la curcumine présente dans l’alimentation et, le cas échéant, de protéger les populations sensibles et les plus exposées par la formulation de recommandations.
Published: 2022

25. BioWorkFlow: Web Services toolkit and workflow applications evaluation to deploy a confidence network

Author: Marc Wessner, Martin Senger, Franck Samson, Philippe Picouet, François Moreews, Hervé Ménager, Véronique Martin, Sébastien Letort, Catherine Letondal, Mark HOEBEKE, Jerome Gouzy, Jean-François Gibrat, Erwan Corre, Olivier Collin, Sébastien Carrere, Christophe Caron, Pierre Tufféry, Bertrand Néron, Unité de Biologie du développement et biotechnologies (JOUY BIOLOG DEVELOP BIOTECHNOL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie Moléculaire du Transport des Sucres chez les Végétaux (PhyMoTS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome (MIG), Département Logique des Usages, Sciences sociales et Sciences de l'Information (LUSSI), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Lab-STICC_TB_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biological systems and models, bioinformatics and sequences (SYMBIOSE), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire Statistique et Génome (SG), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Végétaux marins et biomolécules, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioinformatique génomique et moléculaire ((U 726)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Modélisation mathématique et statistique en biologie et médecine, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mathématique, Informatique et Génome (MIG), Unité de Biologie du développement et biotechnologies ( JOUY BIOLOG DEVELOP BIOTECHNOL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome ( MIG ), Département Logique des Usages, Sciences sociales et Sciences de l'Information ( LUSSI ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biological systems and models, bioinformatics and sequences ( SYMBIOSE ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Toulouse] ( INRA Toulouse ), Laboratoire Statistique et Génome ( SG ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes ( LIPMO ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mathématique, Informatique et Génome ( MIG ), Végétaux marins et biomolécules ( UMR7139 ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -GOEMAR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bioinformatique génomique et moléculaire, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: [ INFO.INFO-BI ] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2008

26. First record of a marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) population in France

Author: Magali Uriarte, Marion Rousset, Frédéric Grandjean, Marc Collas, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Marbled meat, Population, Zoology, Biology, Crayfish, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Procambarus virginalis, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

27. TFIIFα interacts with the Topoisomerase VI complex and selectively controls the expression of genes encoding PPR proteins involved in organellar RNA editing in Arabidopsis

Author: Laura Dimnet, Cécile Vriet, Dorine Achard, Cécile Lecampion, Christian Breuer, Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat, Keiko Sugimoto, Etienne Delannoy, Christophe Laloi, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Luminy Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science [Yokohama] (RIKEN CSRS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Communication between organelles and the nucleus is referred to as anterograde (nucleus to organelle) and retrograde (organelle to nucleus) signalling. In plants, the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins represent a large family of nuclear-encoded proteins that are required for post-transcriptional control of chloroplast and mitochondria gene expression, and hence play a central role in the nuclear anterograde control of organelle genome expression. How PPR gene expression is controlled and regulated by retrograde signals is, however, still unknown. Here, we report a significant role for the general transcription factor TFIIF α-subunit (TFIIFα) in controlling PPR gene expression in Arabidopsis. First, we found that TFIIFα interacts with the BIN4 subunit of the Topoisomerase VI (Topo VI). Transcriptome analysis of TFIIF and Topo VI mutant lines then revealed that many PLS-type PPR genes involved in RNA editing are reciprocally controlled by TFIIF and Topo VI. The misexpression of CLB19 and DYW1 genes in two allelic tfIIfα mutants was associated with editing impairments in their plastid target RNAs rpoA and ndhD, respectively. Interestingly, we also detected a change in NDH activity in tfIIfα plants. We also show that TFIIFα and Topo VI coordinate the expression of NDH subunits encoded by the nuclear and plastid genomes. These results reveal the crucial role of the nuclear TFIIFα and Topo VI complexes in controlling plastid genome expression at multiple levels of regulation, including the particular regulation of PPR gene expression.
Published: 2022

28. Characterization of a new case of XMLV (Bxv1) contamination in the human cell line Hep2 (clone 2B)

Author: Richard Cordaux, Nicolas Lévêque, Isabelle Giraud, Vincent Loiseau, Clément Gilbert, Agnès Beby-Defaux, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), and Université de Poitiers
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Bioinformatics, Sequence analysis, lcsh:Medicine, Genome, Article, HeLa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Cell Line, Tumor, Murine leukemia virus, Sequencing, Humans, Cellular microbiology, lcsh:Science, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Human papillomavirus 18, biology, lcsh:R, Intron, Computational Biology, Reproducibility of Results, DNA, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA Contamination, Provirus, biology.organism_classification, Clone Cells, 3. Good health, Leukemia Virus, Murine, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, lcsh:Q, HeLa Cells
Abstract: The use of misidentified cell lines contaminated by other cell lines and/or microorganisms has generated much confusion in the scientific literature. Detailed characterization of such contaminations is therefore crucial to avoid misinterpretation and ensure robustness and reproducibility of research. Here we use DNA-seq data produced in our lab to first confirm that the Hep2 (clone 2B) cell line (Sigma-Aldrich catalog number: 85011412-1VL) is indistinguishable from the HeLa cell line by mapping integrations of the human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) at their expected loci on chromosome 8. We then show that the cell line is also contaminated by a xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMLV) that is nearly identical to the mouse Bxv1 provirus and we characterize one Bxv1 provirus, located in the second intron of the pseudouridylate synthase 1 (PUS1) gene. Using an RNA-seq dataset, we confirm the high expression of the E6 and E7 HPV18 oncogenes, show that the entire Bxv1 genome is moderately expressed, and retrieve a Bxv1 splicing event favouring expression of the env gene. Hep2 (clone 2B) is the fourth human cell line so far known to be contaminated by the Bxv1 XMLV. This contamination has to be taken into account when using the cell line in future experiments.
Published: 2020

29. Physiological and histopathological responses of <scp> Porcellio laevis </scp> (Isopoda, Crustacea) as indicators of metal trace element contamination

Author: Chedliya Ghemari, Karima Nasri-Ammar, Francis Douay, Hajer Khemaissia, Raja Jelassi, Christophe Waterlot, Catherine Souty-Grosset, Maryline Raimond, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Histology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hepatopancreas, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Zinc, Quercus, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Biomonitoring, Animals, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Porcellio laevis, Cadmium, biology, Chemistry, Trace element, 030206 dentistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Bioaccumulation, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Medical Laboratory Technology, Metals, 13. Climate action, Ultrastructure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Anatomy, 0210 nano-technology, Biological Monitoring, Isopoda
Abstract: This study was designed to assess the impact of the mixture of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) on the bioaccumulation and the ultrastructural changes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio laevis (Latreille, 1804) after 4 weeks of exposure to contaminated Quercus leaves under laboratory conditions. For each metal, four concentrations were used with four replicates for each concentration. Metal concentrations in the hepatopancreas and the rest of the body were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. From the first week until the end of the experiment, a weight gain in P. laevis was observed particularly between the first and the end of exposure from 93.3 ± 18.22 mg fw to 105.22 ± 16.16 mg fw and from 106.4 ± 22.67 mg fw to 125.9 ± 23.9 mg fw for Mix1 and Mix4, respectively. Additionally, the determined metal trace elements (MTE) concentrations in the hepatopancreas were considerably higher compared to those in the rest of the body and seem to be dose-dependent. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), some alterations were highlighted in the hepatopancreas. The main observed alterations were (a) the destruction of the microvilli border in a considerable portion of cells, (b) the increase of the lipid droplets with different shapes and sizes, (c) the increase in the number of the mitochondria, and (d) the appearance of TE in the form of B-type granules. The obtained results confirmed the ability of P. laevis to deal with high amounts of MTE, suggesting its possible use in future soil's biomonitoring programs.
Published: 2020

30. In vitro and intracellular activities of frog skin temporins against Legionella pneumophila and its eukaryotic hosts

Author: Florine Ecale, Ali Ladram, Alexandre Crépin, Jean-François Jégou, Sonia André, Anne Cantereau, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, Anastasia Croitoru, Julien Verdon, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus épithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), Université de Poitiers, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biosynthèse des Signaux Peptidiques [IBPS] (IBPS-BIOSIPE), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cantereau Becq, Anne, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by the French Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), the University of Poitiers and the EBI laboratory. A part of this work was also supported by funds from Sorbonne University., and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nucleolus, Legionella, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Intracellular Space, lcsh:Medicine, Vacuole, Legionella pneumophila, Permeability, Article, Cell Line, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, Animals, Humans, Amastigote, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Skin, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Microscopy, Multidisciplinary, biology, Antimicrobials, Chemistry, Macrophages, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Subcellular localization, Bacterial host response, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, lcsh:Q, Anura, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Microbiology techniques, Intracellular, Bacteria, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract: Temporin-SHa (SHa) is a small cationic host defence peptide (HDP) produced in skin secretions of the Sahara frog Pelophylax saharicus. This peptide has a broad-spectrum activity, efficiently targeting bacteria, parasites and viruses. Noticeably, SHa has demonstrated an ability to kill Leishmania infantum parasites (amastigotes) within macrophages. Recently, an analog of SHa with an increased net positive charge, named [K3]SHa, has been designed to improve those activities. SHa and [K3]SHa were both shown to exhibit leishmanicidal activity mainly by permeabilization of cell membranes but could also induce apoptotis-like death. Temporins are usually poorly active against Gram-negative bacteria whereas many of these species are of public health interest. Among them, Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of Legionnaire’s disease, is of major concern. Indeed, this bacterium adopts an intracellular lifestyle and replicate inside alveolar macrophages likewise inside its numerous protozoan hosts. Despite several authors have studied the antimicrobial activity of many compounds on L. pneumophila released from host cells, nothing is known about activity on intracellular L. pneumophila within their hosts, and subsequently mechanisms of action that could be involved. Here, we showed for the first time that SHa and [K3]SHa were active towards several species of Legionella. Both peptides displayed bactericidal activity and caused a loss of the bacterial envelope integrity leading to a rapid drop in cell viability. Regarding amoebae and THP-1-derived macrophages, SHa was less toxic than [K3]SHa and exhibited low half maximal lethal concentrations (LC50). When used at non-toxic concentration (6.25 µM), SHa killed more than 90% L. pneumophila within amoebae and around 50% within macrophages. Using SHa labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5, we showed an evenly diffusion within cells except in vacuoles. Moreover, SHa was able to enter the nucleus of amoebae and accumulate in the nucleolus. This subcellular localization seemed specific as macrophages nucleoli remained unlabeled. Finally, no modifications in the expression of cytokines and HDPs were recorded when macrophages were treated with 6.25 µM SHa. By combining all data, we showed that temporin-SHa decreases the intracellular L. pneumophila load within amoebae and macrophages without being toxic for eukaryotic cells. This peptide was also able to reach the nucleolus of amoebae but was not capable to penetrate inside vacuoles. These data are in favor of an indirect action of SHa towards intracellular Legionella and make this peptide a promising template for further developments.
Published: 2020

31. Horizontal transfer and evolution of transposable elements in vertebrates

Author: Clément Gilbert, Xiao-Gu Zhang, Hua-Hao Zhang, Min-Rui-Xuan Xu, Jean Peccoud, Jiujiang University [China], Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE02-0021,TranspHorizon,Transferts horizontaux d'éléments transposables: les clés d'une invasion réussie(2018)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Transposable element, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Retroelements, Bioinformatics, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Retrotransposon, Biology, Genome, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Evolutionary genetics, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Negative selection, 0302 clinical medicine, Mutation Rate, Molecular evolution, biology.animal, Animals, lcsh:Science, Mammals, Multidisciplinary, Human evolutionary genetics, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], food and beverages, Vertebrate, Computational Biology, Eukaryota, General Chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Horizontal gene transfer, Vertebrates, DNA Transposable Elements, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (HTT) is an important process shaping eukaryote genomes, yet very few studies have quantified this phenomenon on a large scale or have evaluated the selective constraints acting on transposable elements (TEs) during vertical and horizontal transmission. Here we screen 307 vertebrate genomes and infer a minimum of 975 independent HTT events between lineages that diverged more than 120 million years ago. HTT distribution greatly differs from null expectations, with 93.7% of these transfers involving ray-finned fishes and less than 3% involving mammals and birds. HTT incurs purifying selection (conserved protein evolution) on all TEs, confirming that producing functional transposition proteins is required for a TE to invade new genomes. In the absence of HTT, DNA transposons appear to evolve neutrally within genomes, unlike most retrotransposons, which evolve under purifying selection. This selection regime indicates that proteins of most retrotransposon families tend to process their own encoding RNA (cis-preference), which helps retrotransposons to persist within host lineages over long time periods., Horizontal transfer (HT) and evolution of transposable elements (TEs) has rarely been quantified on a large scale. Here, the authors screen 307 vertebrate genomes and infer 975 HT events (93% in ray-finned fishes); all TEs involved in HT evolve within genomes under purifying selection, as do most retrotransposons.
Published: 2020

32. A time-resolved multi-omics atlas of Acanthamoeba castellanii encystment

Author: Clément Bernard, Marie Locard-Paulet, Cyril Noël, Magalie Duchateau, Quentin Giai Gianetto, Bouziane Moumen, Thomas Rattei, Yann Hechard, Lars Juhl Jensen, Mariette Matondo, Ascel Samba-Louaka, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie – Mass Spectrometry for Biology (UTechS MSBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universität Wien, Université de Poitiers - Faculté de Sciences fondamentales et appliquées, Université de Poitiers, and ANR-17-CE13-0001,AmoCyst,Démêler les voies de signalisation impliquées dans l'enkystement des amibes pathogènes(2017)
Subjects: Proteomics, enrichment, autophagy, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, Virulence, growth, General Physics and Astronomy, differentiation, General Chemistry, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, annotation, regulator, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], expression, identification, encystation, protein, Amoeba
Abstract: Encystment is a common stress response of most protists, including free-living amoebae. Cyst formation protects the amoebae from eradication and can increase virulence of the bacteria they harbor. Here, we mapped the global molecular changes that occur in the facultatively pathogenic amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii during the early steps of the poorly understood process of encystment. By performing transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic experiments during encystment, we identified more than 150,000 previously undescribed transcripts and thousands of protein sequences absent from the reference genome. These results provide molecular details to the regulation of expected biological processes, such as cell proliferation shutdown, and reveal new insights such as a rapid phospho-regulation of sites involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and translation regulation. This work constitutes the first time-resolved molecular atlas of an encysting organism and a useful resource for further investigation of amoebae encystment to allow for a better control of pathogenic amoebae.
Published: 2022

33. Climate change would prevail over land use change in shaping the future distribution of Triturus marmoratus in France

Author: Romain Bertrand, Francis Isselin-Nondedeu, Yann Sellier, Clémentine Préau, Frédéric Grandjean, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réserve Naturelle Nationale du Pinail, GEREPI, Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, biology, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Triturus marmoratus, Distribution (economics), 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Land use, land-use change and forestry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change are two major global change factors driving shifts in the location of suitable areas for many species. Here, we assessed if a low-vagility newt, Triturus marmoratus, can track displacement of suitable areas by 2100, and tested whether climate or LULC changes are primary drivers of the species’ future distribution. We combined niche modelling with the process-based model simRShift to improve biological relevance and simulate species dispersal by 2100 under scenarios of climate and LULC changes at high spatial resolution. Our results show that T. marmoratus could lose a significant part of its current French range in the coming decades, and that the range loss will primarily be driven by climate change, with LULC change playing a secondary role. The species seems unlikely to be able to track the northern shift of its suitable habitat as rapidly as required given the rate of climate warming during the 21st century. This is due to insufficient dispersal ability, which is compounded by the magnitude of habitat fragmentation in the human-dominated landscape. We highlight the need to assess vulnerability and anticipate threats arising from global change even for species that are not currently considered endangered. We identified areas where the species is most likely to occur and be extinct in the future, which can serve as a guide for population monitoring. Our framework can support conservation strategy development by defining ecological corridors that would assist species to track their required habitats in the face of global change.
Published: 2022

34. Growth and root-knot nematode infection of tomato are influenced by mycorrhizal fungi and earthworms in an intercropping cultivation system with leeks

Author: Caroline Djian-Caporalino, Jeremy Detrey, Laurence Maurousset, Julia Clause, Nathalie Pourtau, Nathalie Marteu, Didier Bouchon, Joan Doidy, Valentin Cognard, Cécile Vriet, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rhizophagus irregularis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Meloidogyne incognita, Gall, Root-knot nematode, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Horticulture, Nematode infection, Shoot, Monoculture, Solanum, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the influence of leek (Allium porrum) intercropping, mycorrhizal fungi and earthworms on the root-knot nematode infection by Meloidogyne incognita (RKN) and the growth and development of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Tomato plants were grown in pots, intercropped with leeks or in monoculture, and earthworms and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were introduced. The effects of these two treatments on root-knot nematode infection and tomato plant growth and development were assessed i) by counting the galls induced by the nematodes and the number of egg masses on their roots, and ii) by measuring their height increase, shoot and root dry biomasses and flowering time. Tomato growth was increased with leek compared to the monoculture (e.g., +82% shoot biomass), probably due to a lower plant-plant competition, although a facilitation effect cannot be excluded. The presence of leeks did not reduce the number of galls (per g of root). The presence of AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) increased the overall infection of M. incognita (e.g., +36% egg masses) and induced more galls with multiple egg masses in the leek-tomato association (+71%) but did not increase plant biomass. On the other hand, it increased plant height in presence of the compost earthworms (Eisenia andrei) compared to earthworms alone with RKN (+2%). It also delayed the flowering compared to RKN alone (+7.6 days in average). Competition between the two tomato plants in monoculture probably strongly impacted plant growth, flowering time and thereby the RKN infection, but leek-tomato interactions should be further examined. The overall increased number of multiple egg masses per gall in presence of AMF is contrary to its protective effect reported in the litterature.
Published: 2022

35. Climate change threatens unique genetic diversity within the Balkan biodiversity hotspot – The case of the endangered stone crayfish

Author: Leona Lovrenčić, Martina Temunović, Lena Bonassin, Frederic Grandjean, Christopher M. Austin, Ivana Maguire, Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology [Zagreb], Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics [Frankfurt, Germany] (LOEWE-TBG), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Deakin University [Burwood]
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Pacifastacus leniusculus, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Austropotamobius torrentium, Population genetics, Species distribution modelling, Ecological niche, Conservation, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; The stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium is globally endangered due to anthropogenic pressure on its habitats, climate change and the invasive crayfish species, particularly the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Aiming to guide A. torrentium conservation within the hotspot of its genetic diversity in the western Balkan Peninsula, we combined population genetics and species distribution models (SDMs) to reveal the impact of climate change and the invasive P. leniusculus on A. torrentium diversity. Population genetic analyses based on newly developed microsatellites revealed moderate within-population genetic diversity and high differentiation among populations, reflecting isolated populations with limited gene flow. Alongside strong genetic structuring, we discovered high level of inbreeding coefficient indicating homozygote excess within the majority of populations. The SDMs results predicted substantial reductions of suitable habitats for A. torrentium by 2070; 80 % of its currently suitable habitat is predicted to be lost under high‐warming climate change scenario. Obtained results indicated that 44 % of populations with high and/or unique genetic diversity, including three highly divergent and geographically restricted evolutionary lineages, are located in the areas predicted to become unsuitable in the future, highlighting their vulnerability to extinction. Further, SDMs revealed considerable decrease of future habitat suitability for P. leniusculus, suggesting that climate change represents greater threat to A. torrentium. Our study highlights the importance of conserving remnant A. torrentium populations, among other, through assisted migration and population mixing that could help populations overcome the risks of inbreeding and maladaptation, and thus enabling A. torrentium to withstand the ongoing climate change.
Published: 2022

36. Towards Ecological Management and Sustainable Urban Planning in Seoul, South Korea: Mapping Wild Pollinator Habitat Preferences and Corridors Using Citizen Science Data

Author: Hortense Serret, Desiree Andersen, Nicolas Deguines, Céline Clauzel, Wan-Hyeok Park, Yikweon Jang, EWHA Womans University (EWHA), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Forest Resources, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea, and European Project: BiodivERsA3-2015-104,BIOVEINS
Subjects: General Veterinary, citizen science, pollinators, multi-family habitats, ecological corridors, urban landscapes, conservation, species distribution modeling, graph modeling, Animal Science and Zoology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The preservation and restoration of habitats and ecological connectivity inside cities is crucial to ensure wildlife can find suitable areas to forage, rest and reproduce, as well as to disperse, thereby allowing metapopulation functioning. In this study, we used data collected by a citizen science program between 2016 and 2018 to determine which families of pollinators were the most frequently observed in Seoul and with which habitats pollinators had the highest affinities. Using species distribution modeling and landscape graph approaches, we located the main habitats and corridors to reinforce connectivity for six pollinator families. Finally, we identified habitats and corridors where conservation actions should be prioritized. In total, 178 species belonging to 128 genera and 60 families were observed. Hymenopterans were the most recorded, followed by dipterans and lepidopterans. The most suitable habitats for pollinators were constituted of public parks, university campuses, and Cultural Heritage sites. In a dense city like Seoul, most of the conservation corridors are located in built-up areas. Innovative urban planning and architecture are therefore required as well as the setting-up of ecological management practices to lead to a more sustainable urbanism for pollinators and wildlife in general.
Published: 2022

37. Variability of the response of human vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus to 17β-estradiol

Author: Sylvie Chevalier, Maximilien Clabaut, Magalie Barreau, Gérard Redziniak, Madina Karsybayeva, Marc G. J. Feuilloley, Julie Hardouin, Agathe Le Tirant, Amine M. Boukerb, Cécile Duclairoir-Poc, Olivier Maillot, Amandine Suet, Amine Ben Mlouka, Julien Verdon, Pascal Cosette, Chantal Pichon, Coralie Kremser, Ali Tahrioui, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Membrane dynamics, Humans, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Lactobacillus crispatus, Multidisciplinary, Strain (chemistry), biology, Estradiol, Chemistry, Vaginal mucosa, Adhesion, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Vagina, Medicine, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, S-layer
Abstract: We previously showed that the physiological concentration of 17β-estradiol in the vaginal environment is sufficient to affect the membrane dynamics and adhesion phenotype of the Lactobacillus crispatus strain CIP104459. However, L. crispatus is a heterogeneous species. Here, we investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on the recently isolated L. crispatus vaginal strain V4, related to a cluster distant from CIP104459 and at the limit of being a different subspecies. Grown in the same medium, the two strains expressed a highly similar pool of proteins. However, in contrast to CIP104459, L. crispatus V4 showed high aggregation potential and 17β-estradiol promoted this phenotype. This effect was associated with large changes in cell-surface polarity and Lewis acid/base properties. In addition, we observed no effect on the membrane dynamics, contrary to CIP104459. These results can be explained by differences in the properties and organization of the S layer between the two strains. However, as for CIP104459, 17β-estradiol increased biosurfactant production of L. crispatus V4 and their adhesion to vaginal cells. This suggests that 17β-estradiol agonists would be valuable tools to favor a stable re-implantation of L. crispatus in the vaginal mucosa.
Published: 2021

38. Science learning in biodiversity citizen science: Inputs from the analysis of online social interactions within a contributory project for pollinators' monitoring

Author: Baptiste Bedessem, Ana-Cristina Torres, Colin Fontaine, Nicolas Deguines, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE23-0015,HEADWORK,Processus massivement participatifs d'acquisition de données et de connaissances(2016)
Subjects: Procedural skills, Science learning, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Biodiversity, Citizen science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Seasonal cycles, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Biodiversity citizen science projects are both valued for their contribution to scientific research and for their impact on participants' science learning and engagement towards the environment. In this paper, we assess the impact of participation in a biodiversity citizen science project (the Spipoll, dedicated to pollinators' monitoring) through the analysis of online interactions within the program's data sharing platform. By drawing on a previous qualitative analysis of the comments exchanged by the participants within this platform, we focus on those comments which share items on aspects of biology and ecology related to the Spipoll program. This sample gathers 2279 comments from 2010 to 2018. We first classified the different constitutive elements from these comments into seven categories following the topics they deal with. We then studied the temporal change in occurrence of each of these topics from 2010 to 2018. We show that long-term participation is associated with the growing expression of scientific procedural skills: formulation of hypothesis and explanation, proposition of new research questions. To our knowledge, our study is the first one that detects the acquisition of such procedural skills in biodiversity citizen science. We also show that long-term participation is associated with the growing attention to natural seasonal cycles. This study finally illustrates the value of the online traces of citizen scientists' activities to analyze participants' outcomes of citizen science. Consequently, it should encourage the development of such online communication spaces within contributory projects, without restricting them to online citizen science.
Published: 2022

39. Chromosome-level genome assembly reveals homologous chromosomes and recombination in asexual rotifer Adineta vaga

Author: Karine Van Doninck, Richard Cordaux, Thomas Lenormand, Clément Gilbert, Karine Labadie, Lyam Baudry, Julie Virgo, Boris Hespeels, Djampa K. L. Kozlowski, Jitendra Narayan, Alessandro Derzelle, Marie Cariou, Antoine Limasset, Florence Gaudray, Bernard Hallet, Martial Marbouty, Etienne Danchin, Antoine Houtain, Rohan Arora, Matthieu Terwagne, Corinne Cruaud, Nadège Guiglielmoni, Jean-François Flot, Romain Koszul, Paul Simion, Emilien Nicolas, Marc Llirós, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Régulation spatiale des Génomes - Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta - Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), This project received funding from the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under European Research Council (ERC) grant agreement 725998 (RHEA) and from BELSPO PRODEX for the ESA selected ILSRA-2014-0106 Project to K.V.D., from the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles via an 'Action de Recherche Concertée' (ARC) grant to K.V.D. and B.Ha., from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 764840 to J.-F.F. (ITN IGNITE), from the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles via an Action de Recherche Concertée (ARC) grant to J.-F.F., from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Program (ERC grant agreement 260822) and JPI-EC-AMR STARCS ANR-16-JPEC-0003-05 grant to R.K., and through funding by the French Government 'Investissement d’Avenir' program FRANCE GENOMIQUE (ANR-10-INBS-09). E.N. obtained an FSR UNamur fund. A.H., A.D., and R.A. are Research Fellows of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique—FNRS., ANR-16-JPEC-0003,STARCS,Selection and Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in Complex Systems(2016), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), European Project: 764840,IGNITE, European Project: 260822,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091118,DICIG(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sequence assembly, Rotifer, Evolution des espèces, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Homologous chromosome, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Océanographie biologique, Clade, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Biologie moléculaire, Chromosome, Adineta vaga, Genome, LOH, Adineta vaga, bdelloid rotifer, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, chemistry, Génétique, cytogénétique, Systématique des espèces [zoologie], DNA, Recombination
Abstract: Bdelloid rotifers are notorious as a speciose ancient clade comprising only asexual lineages. Thanks to their ability to repair highly fragmented DNA, most bdelloid species also withstand complete desiccation and ionizing radiation. Producing a well-assembled reference genome is a critical step to developing an understanding of the effects of long-term asexuality and DNA breakage on genome evolution. To this end, we present the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for the bdelloid Adineta vaga, composed of six pairs of homologous (diploid) chromosomes with a footprint of paleotetraploidy. The observed large-scale losses of heterozygosity are signatures of recombination between homologous chromosomes, either during mitotic DNA double-strand break repair or when resolving programmed DNA breaks during a modified meiosis. Dynamic subtelomeric regions harbor more structural diversity (e.g. chromosome rearrangements, transposable elements, and haplotypic divergence). Our results trigger the reappraisal of potential meiotic processes in bdelloid rotifers and help unravel the factors underlying their long-term asexual evolutionary success., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021

40. Assessing the Impact of a Viral Infection on the Expression of Transposable Elements in the Cabbage Looper Moth (Trichoplusia ni)

Author: Sandra Guillier, Clément Gilbert, Héloïse Muller, Richard Cordaux, Vincent Loiseau, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-18-CE02-0021,TranspHorizon,Transferts horizontaux d'éléments transposables: les clés d'une invasion réussie(2018)
Subjects: AcademicSubjects/SCI01140, Transposable element, Insecta, mobile elements, Brassica, Moths, Genome, Cabbage looper, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Trichoplusia, Animals, Humans, horizontal transfer, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, fungi, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, Midgut, AcMNPV, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, dsDNA virus, Lepidoptera, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Virus Diseases, Cell culture, Horizontal gene transfer, DNA Transposable Elements, Mobile genetic elements, Research Article
Abstract: Most studies of stress-induced transposable element (TE) expression have so far focused on abiotic sources of stress. Here, we analyzed the impact of an infection by the AcMNPV baculovirus on TE expression in a cell line (Tnms42) and midgut tissues of the cabbage looper moth (Trichoplusia ni). We find that a large fraction of TE families (576/636 in Tnms42 cells and 503/612 in midgut) is lowly expressed or not expressed at all [≤ 4 transcripts per million (TPM)] in the uninfected condition (median TPM of 0.37 in Tnms42 and 0.46 in midgut cells). In the infected condition, a total of 62 and 187 TE families were differentially expressed (DE) in midgut and Tnms42 cells, respectively, with more up- (46) than downregulated (16) TE families in the former and as many up- (91) as downregulated (96) TE families in the latter. Expression log2 fold changes of DE TE families varied from −4.95 to 9.11 in Tnms42 cells and from −4.28 to 7.66 in midgut. Large variations in expression profiles of DE TEs were observed depending on the type of cells and on time after infection. Overall, the impact of AcMNPV on TE expression in T. ni is moderate but potentially sufficient to affect TE activity and genome architecture. Interestingly, one host-derived TE integrated into AcMNPV genomes is highly expressed in infected Tnms42 cells. This result shows that virus-borne TEs can be expressed, further suggesting that they may be able to transpose and that viruses may act as vectors of horizontal transfer of TEs in insects.
Published: 2021

41. How wild bees find a way in European cities: Pollen metabarcoding unravels multiple feeding strategies and their effects on distribution patterns in four wild bee species

Author: Pedro Pinho, Nicolas Deguines, Stefanie Müller, Loïc Pellissier, Marta Alós Ortí, Anskje Van Mensel, Piotr Tryjanowski, Roeland Samson, Alexander Keller, François Chiron, Tiit Hallikma, Cristiana Aleixo, Joan Casanelles-Abella, Marco Moretti, Lauri Laanisto, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (IAES), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), and ANR-16-EBI3-0012,BIOVEINS,Connectivity of green and blue infrastructures: living veins for biodiverse and healthy cities(2016)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Distribution (economics), urbanization, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, urban biodiversity, 03 medical and health sciences, remote sensing, feeding behaviour, trap-nests, Urbanization, Pollen, medicine, species distribution models, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, business.industry, fungi, cavity-nesting bees, food and beverages, Remote sensing (archaeology), business
Abstract: 1. Urban ecosystems can sustain populations of wild bees, partly because of their rich native and exotic floral resources. A better understanding of the urban bee diet, particularly at the larval stage, is necessary to understand biotic interactions and feeding behaviour in urban ecosystems, and to promote bees by improving the management of urban floral resources. 2. We investigated the larval diet and distribution patterns of four solitary wild bee species with different diet specialization (i.e. Chelostoma florisomne, Osmia bicornis, Osmia cornuta and Hylaeus communis) along urban intensity gradients in five European cities (Antwerp, Paris, Poznan, Tartu and Zurich) using two complementary analyses. Specifically, using trap-nests and pollen metabarcoding techniques, we characterized the species' larval diet, assessed diet consistency across cities and modelled the distribution of wild bees using species distribution models (SDMs). 3. Our results demonstrate that urban wild bees display different successful strategies to exploit existing urban floral resources: not only broad generalism (i.e. H. communis) but also intermediate generalism, with some degree of diet conservatism at the plant family or genus level (i.e. O. cornuta and O. bicornis), or even strict specialization on widely available urban pollen hosts (i.e. C. florisomne). Furthermore, we detected important diet variation in H. communis, with a switch from an herbaceous pollen diet to a tree pollen diet with increasing urban intensity. 4. Species distribution modelling indicated that wild bee distribution ranges inside urban ecosystems ultimately depend on their degree of specialization, and that broader diets result in less sensitivity to urban intensity. 5. Policy implications. Satisfying larval dietary requirements is critical to preserving and enhancing wild bee distributions within urban gradients. For high to intermediate levels of feeding specialization, we found considerable consistency in the preferred plant families or genera across the studied cities, which could be generalized to other cities where these bees occur. Identifying larval floral preferences (e.g. using pollen metabarcoding) could be helpful for identifying key plant taxa and traits for bee survival and for improving strategies to develop bee-friendly cities., Journal of Applied Ecology, 59 (2), ISSN:0021-8901, ISSN:1365-2664
Published: 2021

42. Overview about Candida auris: What's up 12 years after its first description?

Author: Guillaume Desoubeaux, Alix T. Coste, Christine Imbert, Christophe Hennequin, Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: resistance, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Antifungal Agents, Virulence, diagnosis, epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, genetic, Candida auris, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Candida, Disease Outbreaks
Abstract: International audience; Candida auris has been described as an emerging yeast species during the last decade. As many as 25% of its strains may naturally exhibit multi-drug resistance to the currently available antifungal drugs. Probably due to its ability to survive more than two weeks on inert surfaces, several large outbreaks have been reported, primarily due to nosocomial transmissions. In addition, due to a rapid worldwide spreading, C. auris is now considered as a major public health threat. This review aims at describing the current knowledge about C. auris, with specific focuses on its global epidemiology, virulence features, most reliable diagnostic approaches, and the current and future therapeutic options.
Published: 2021

43. Bacterial Long-Range Warfare: Aerial Killing of Legionella pneumophila by Pseudomonas fluorescens

Author: Christophe Ginevra, Mathilde Bouteiller, Laettitia Grac, David Giron, Annabelle Merieau, Meg Rouxel, Ségolène Depayras, Anne Mercier, Marie-Hélène Corre, Mathias Gallique, Julien Verdon, Jean-Marc Berjeaud, S. Jarraud, Alix Khalil, Charly Dupont, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Physiology, Legionella, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SPME, Antibiotics, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Microbiology, Legionella pneumophila, 03 medical and health sciences, 1-undecene, antibacterial activity, Pseudomonas, Genetics, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], 030304 developmental biology, Volatile Organic Compounds, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Cell Biology, Antimicrobial, biology.organism_classification, QR1-502, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Legionnaires' Disease, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Legionellaceae, Bacteria, Research Article
Abstract: Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease, is mostly found in man-made water systems and is one of the most closely monitored waterborne pathogens. With the aim of finding natural ways to control waterborne pathogens and thus further reduce the impact of disinfection by-products on human health, some studies have demonstrated the ability of bacteria to kill Legionella through the production of secondary metabolites or antimicrobial compounds. Here, we describe an unexpected growth inhibition of L. pneumophila when exposed to a physically separated strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, designated as MFE01. Most of the members of the Legionellaceae family are sensitive to the volatile substances emitted by MFE01, unlike other bacteria tested. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS strategy, a volatilome comparison revealed that emission of 1-undecene, 2-undecanone, and 2-tridecanone were mainly reduced in a Tn5-transposon mutant unable to inhibit at distance the growth of L. pneumophila strain Lens. We showed that 1-undecene was mainly responsible for the inhibition at distance in vitro, and led to cell lysis in small amounts, as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Collectively, our results provide new insights into the mode of action of bacterial volatiles and highlight them as potent anti-Legionella agents to focus research on novel strategies to fight legionellosis. IMPORTANCE Microbial volatile compounds are molecules whose activities are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. Indeed, they can act as key compounds in long-distance intrakingdom and interkingdom communication, but also as antimicrobials in competition and predation. In fact, most studies to date have focused on their antifungal activities and only a few have reported on their antibacterial properties. Here, we describe that 1-undecene, naturally produced by P. fluorescens, is a volatile with potent activity against bacteria of the genus Legionella. In small amounts, it is capable of inducing cell lysis even when the producing strain is physically separated from the target. This is the first time that such activity is described. This molecule could therefore constitute an efficient compound to counter bacterial pathogens whose treatment may fail, particularly in pulmonary diseases. Indeed, inhalation of these volatiles should be considered as a possible route of therapy in addition to antibiotic treatment.
Published: 2021

44. Monitoring Insect Transposable Elements in Large Double-Stranded DNA Viruses Reveals Host-to-Virus and Virus-to-Virus Transposition

Author: Jean Peccoud, Carine Meignin, Johannes A. Jehle, Sandra Guillier, Clément Gilbert, Gianpiero Gueli Alletti, Brian A. Federici, Elisabeth A. Herniou, Clémence Bouzar, Jiangbin Fan, Richard Cordaux, Jörg T. Wennmann, Vincent Loiseau, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE02-0021,TranspHorizon,Transferts horizontaux d'éléments transposables: les clés d'une invasion réussie(2018), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Transposable element, Insecta, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, virus, Biology, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, Genome, Deep sequencing, Virus, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fasttrack, Genetics, Animals, lepidopterans, insects, education, horizontal transfer, Molecular Biology, Arthropods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Host (biology), AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, food and beverages, transposable element, Viral replication, Horizontal gene transfer, Viruses, DNA Transposable Elements, Baculoviridae, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The mechanisms by which transposable elements (TEs) can be horizontally transferred between animals are unknown, but viruses are possible candidate vectors. Here, we surveyed the presence of host-derived TEs in viral genomes in 35 deep sequencing data sets produced from 11 host–virus systems, encompassing nine arthropod host species (five lepidopterans, two dipterans, and two crustaceans) and six different double-stranded (ds) DNA viruses (four baculoviruses and two iridoviruses). We found evidence of viral-borne TEs in 14 data sets, with frequencies of viral genomes carrying a TE ranging from 0.01% to 26.33% for baculoviruses and from 0.45% to 7.36% for iridoviruses. The analysis of viral populations separated by a single replication cycle revealed that viral-borne TEs originating from an initial host species can be retrieved after viral replication in another host species, sometimes at higher frequencies. Furthermore, we detected a strong increase in the number of integrations in a viral population for a TE absent from the hosts’ genomes, indicating that this TE has undergone intense transposition within the viral population. Finally, we provide evidence that many TEs found integrated in viral genomes (15/41) have been horizontally transferred in insects. Altogether, our results indicate that multiple large dsDNA viruses have the capacity to shuttle TEs in insects and they underline the potential of viruses to act as vectors of horizontal transfer of TEs. Furthermore, the finding that TEs can transpose between viral genomes of a viral species sets viruses as possible new niches in which TEs can persist and evolve.
Published: 2021

45. Early Response to Dehydration Six-Like Transporter Family: Early Origin in Streptophytes and Evolution in Land Plants

Author: Slawinski, Lucie, Israel, Abir, Paillot, Caroline, Thibault, Florence, Cordaux, Richard, Atanassova, Rossitza, Dédaldéchamp, Fabienne, Laloi, Maryse, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES)
Subjects: ESL, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], evolution, Arabidopsis, sugar transporters, gene duplication, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant culture, Plant Science, monosaccharides carriers, ERD6-like, Original Research, SB1-1110
Abstract: International audience; Carbon management by plants involves the activity of many sugar transporters, which play roles in sugar subcellular partitioning and reallocation at the whole organism scale. Among these transporters, the early response to dehydration six-like (ESL) monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) are still poorly characterized although they represent one of the largest sugar transporter subfamilies. In this study, we used an evolutionary genomic approach to infer the evolutionary history of this multigenic family. No ESL could be identified in the genomes of rhodophytes, chlorophytes, and the brown algae Ectocarpus siliculosus , whereas one ESL was identified in the genome of Klebsormidium nitens providing evidence for the early emergence of these transporters in Streptophytes. A phylogenetic analysis using the 519 putative ESL proteins identified in the genomes of 47 Embryophyta species and being representative of the plant kingdom has revealed that ESL protein sequences can be divided into three major groups. The first and second groups originated in the common ancestor of all spermaphytes [ζ: 340 million years ago (MYA)] and of angiosperms (ε: 170–235 MYA), respectively, and the third group originated before the divergence of rosids and asterids (γ/1R: 117 MYA). In some eudicots (Vitales, Malpighiales, Myrtales, Sapindales, Brassicales, Malvales, and Solanales), the ESL family presents remarkable expansions of gene copies associated with tandem duplications. The analysis of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions for the dN/dS ratio of the ESL copies of the genus Arabidopsis has revealed that ESL genes are evolved under a purifying selection even though the progressive increase of dN/dS ratios in the three groups suggests subdiversification phenomena. To further explore the possible acquisition of novel functions by ESL MSTs, we identified the gene structure and promoter cis -acting elements for Arabidopsis thaliana ESL genes. The expression profiling of Arabidopsis ESL unraveled some gene copies that are almost constitutively expressed, whereas other gene copies display organ-preferential expression patterns. This study provides an evolving framework to better understand the roles of ESL transporters in plant development and response to environmental constraints.
Published: 2021

46. A dataset of the flowering plants (Angiospermae) in urban green areas in five European cities

Author: Nicolas Deguines, Cristiana Aleixo, Stefanie Müller, Joan Casanelles-Abella, Lucía Villarroya-Villalba, Roeland Samson, Marta Alós Ortí, David Frey, Lauri Laanisto, Pedro Pinho, Marco Moretti, Ülo Niinemets, Tiit Hallikma, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-EBI3-0012,BIOVEINS,Connectivity of green and blue infrastructures: living veins for biodiverse and healthy cities(2016), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: Urban biodiversity, Urban green spaces, Urban flora, Plants, Gardening, Urban green infrastructure, Plant traits, Floral traits, Fragmentation, Science (General), Urban agglomeration, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Introduced species, Floristics, 03 medical and health sciences, Q1-390, 0302 clinical medicine, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Data Article, Fragmentation (reproduction), 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Sampling (statistics), Forestry, 15. Life on land, Shannon diversity, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plant species, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Global biodiversity
Abstract: This article summarizes the data of a survey of flowering plants in 80 sites in five European cities and urban agglomerations (Antwerp, Belgium; greater Paris, France; Poznan, Poland; Tartu, Estonia; and Zurich, Switzerland). Sampling sites were selected based on a double orthogonal gradient of size and connectivity and were urban green areas (e.g. parks, cemeteries). To characterize the flowering plants, two sampling methodologies were applied between April and July 2018. First, a floristic inventory of the occurrence of all flowering plants in the five cities. Second, flower counts in sampling plots of standardized size (1 m(2)) only in Zurich. We sampled 2146 plant species (contained in 824 genera and 137 families) and across the five cities. For each plant species, we provide its origin status (i.e. whether the plants are native from Europe or not) and 11 functional traits potentially important for plant-pollinator interactions. For each study site, we provide the number of species, genera, and families recorded, the Shannon diversity as well as the proportion of exotic species, herbs, shrubs and trees. In addition, we provide information on the patch size, connectivity, and urban intensity, using four remote sensing-based proxies measured at 100- and 800-m radii. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
Published: 2021

47. Characterization of a Sex-Determining Region and Its Genomic Context via Statistical Estimates of Haplotype Frequencies in Daughters and Sons Sequenced in Pools

Author: Isabelle Giraud, David Pleydell, Jean Peccoud, Richard Cordaux, Mohamed Amine Chebbi, Ecologie, Evolution, Symbiose (EES), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, AcademicSubjects/SCI01140, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SNP, Context (language use), Locus (genetics), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, pool-seq, Nuclear Family, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genotype, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Allele frequency, poolseq, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Mammals, Armadillidium vulgare, 0303 health sciences, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Genome, Autosome, Contig, sex chromosomes, Haplotype, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, gene duplication, Bayes Theorem, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Genomics, terrestrial isopods, Sex Determination Processes, biology.organism_classification, recombination, Genetic divergence, Haplotypes, Genetic distance, Evolutionary biology, Female, Research Article
Abstract: Sex chromosomes are generally derived from a pair of autosomes that have acquired a locus controlling sex. Sex chromosomes may evolve reduced recombination around this locus and undergo a long process of molecular divergence. At that point, the original loci controlling sex may be difficult to pinpoint. This difficulty has affected many model species from mammals to birds to flies, which present highly diverged sex chromosomes. Identifying sex-controlling loci is easier in species with molecularly similar sex chromosomes. Here we aimed at pinpointing the sex-determining region (SDR) of Armadillidium vulgare, a terrestrial isopod with female heterogamety (ZW females and ZZ males) and whose sex chromosomes appear to show low genetic divergence. To locate the SDR, we assessed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies in F1 daughters and sons sequenced in pools (pool-seq) in several families. We developed a Bayesian method that uses the SNP genotypes of individually sequenced parents and pool-seq data from F1 siblings to estimate the genetic distance between a given genomic region (contig) and the SDR. This allowed us to assign more than 43 Mb of contigs to sex chromosomes, and to demonstrate extensive recombination and very low divergence between these chromosomes. By taking advantage of multiple F1 families, we delineated a very short genomic region (∼65 kb) that presented no evidence of recombination with the SDR. In this short genomic region, the comparison of sequencing depths between sexes highlighted female-specific genes that have undergone recent duplication, and which may be involved in sex determination in A. vulgare.
Published: 2021

48. Responsiveness of Early Response to Dehydration Six-Like Transporter Genes to Water Deficit in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves

Author: Slawinski, Lucie, Israel, Abir, Artault, Caroline, Thibault, Florence, Atanassova, Rossitza, Laloi, Maryse, Dédaldéchamp, Fabienne, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques Chromatiniennes et Transitions Développementales (ChromDev), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement (SEVE), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ESL, fungi, sugar transporters, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, food and beverages, Plant culture, monosaccharides carriers, ERD6-like, arabidopsis leaves, water deficit, SB1-1110
Abstract: International audience; Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses, which affects plant growth, development, and crop yield. Plant response to drought implies carbon allocation to sink organs and sugar partitioning between different cell compartments, and thereby requires the involvement of sugar transporters (SUTs). Among them, the early response to dehydration six-like (ESL), with 19 members in Arabidopsis thaliana , form the largest subfamily of monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) still poorly characterized. A common feature of these genes is their involvement in plant response to abiotic stresses, including water deficit. In this context, we carried out morphological and physiological phenotyping of A. thaliana plants grown under well-watered (WW) and water-deprived (WD) conditions, together with the expression profiling of 17 AtESL genes in rosette leaves. The drought responsiveness of 12 ESL genes, 4 upregulated and 8 downregulated, was correlated to different water statuses of rosette leaves. The differential expression of each of the tandem duplicated AtESL genes in response to water stress is in favor of their plausible functional diversity. Furthermore, transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertional mutants for each of the four upregulated ESLs in response to water deprivation were identified and characterized under WW and WD conditions. To gain insights into global sugar exchanges between vacuole and cytosol under water deficit, the gene expression of other vacuolar SUTs and invertases ( AtTMT, AtSUC, AtSWEET , and At β FRUCT ) was analyzed and discussed.
Published: 2021

49. Exploring the Individual Bacterial Microbiota of Questing Ixodes ricinus Nymphs

Author: Aurélien Alafaci, Julien Verdon, Jean Marc Berjeaud, Vincent Delafont, Alexandre Crépin, Sabine Beaubert, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Ixodes ricinus, QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Zoology, questing ticks, Borreliella, Tick, Microbiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Lyme disease, Virology, Borrelia, parasitic diseases, medicine, microbiota, Ixodes, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Biology (General), Nymph, biology, Ricinus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Vector (epidemiology), metabarcoding, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Ixodes ricinus is the most common hard tick species in Europe and an important vector of pathogens of human and animal health concerns. The rise of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated the identification of many tick-borne pathogens and, more globally, of various microbiota members depending on the scale of concern. In this study, we aimed to assess the bacterial diversity of individual I. ricinus questing nymphs collected in France using high-throughput 16S gene metabarcoding. From 180 dragging-collected nymphs, we identified more than 700 bacterial genera, of which about 20 are abundantly represented (&gt, 1% of total reads). Together with 136 other genera assigned, they constitute a core internal microbiota in this study. We also identified 20 individuals carrying Borreliella. The most abundant species is B. afzelii, known to be one of the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease in Europe. Co-detection of up to four Borreliella genospecies within the same individual has also been retrieved. The detection and co-detection rate of Borreliella in I. ricinus nymphs is high and raises the question of interactions between these bacteria and the communities constituting the internal microbiota.
Published: 2021
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50. Evolutionary transition to XY sex chromosomes associated with Y-linked duplication of a male hormone gene in a terrestrial isopod

Author: Aubrie Russell, Isabelle Giraud, Joseph Laricchiuta, Rose Fontana, Jane Pascar, Christopher H. Chandler, Sevarin Borrelli, Richard Cordaux, Thomas Becking, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Evolution of sexual reproduction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], androgenic gland hormone, Oniscidea, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene duplication, Trachelipus, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, AGH, Gene, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Sexual differentiation, Sex Chromosomes, Cytogenetics, Chromosome, Sex reversal, Sex Determination Processes, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, Evolutionary biology, Y linkage, Wolbachia, Female, Isopoda
Abstract: Sex chromosomes are highly variable in some taxonomic groups, but the evolutionary mechanisms underlying this diversity are not well understood. In terrestrial isopod crustaceans, evolutionary turnovers in sex chromosomes are frequent, possibly caused by Wolbachia, a vertically-transmitted endosymbiont causing male-to-female sex reversal. Here, we use surgical manipulations and genetic crosses, plus genome sequencing, to examine sex chromosomes in the terrestrial isopod Trachelipus rathkei. Although an earlier cytogenetics study suggested a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in this species, we surprisingly find multiple lines of evidence that in our study population, sex is determined by an XX/XY system. Consistent with a recent evolutionary origin for this XX/XY system, the putative male-specific region of the genome is small. The genome shows evidence of Y-linked duplications of the gene encoding the androgenic gland hormone, a major component of male sexual differentiation in isopods. Our analyses also uncover sequences horizontally acquired from past Wolbachia infections, consistent with the hypothesis that Wolbachia may have interfered with the evolution of sex determination in T. rathkei. Overall, these results provide evidence for the co-occurrence of multiple sex chromosome systems within T. rathkei, further highlighting the relevance of terrestrial isopods as models for the study of sex chromosome evolution.
Published: 2021

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