Search

Globally, cardiovascular disease kills more than 500000 people every year, thus becoming the primary reason for death. Nevertheless, cardiovascular health monitoring is essential for accurate analysis and therapy of heart disease. In this work, a novel deep learning-based StrIppeD NAS-Network (SID-NASNet) for arrhythmia categorization into octa-classes with electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is presented. First, the ECG signals are recorded in real time using 12-lead electrodes. Then, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to denoise the signals to reduce repetition and increase resilience. The noise-free ECG signals are fed into a K-means clustering algorithm to group ECG signal segments into a set number of clusters to identify patterns that may indicate heart abnormalities. Subsequently, the deep learning-based NASNet with Stripped convolutional layers is used to detect ECG irregularities of arrhythmia. Each sample point is examined for its local fractal dimension before extracting the heartbeat waveforms within a predetermined window length. A bio-inspired Dingo Optimization (DO) algorithm is used in the SID-NASNet to normalize the parameters to improve the efficiency of the network with low network complexity. The efficiency of the proposed SID-NASNet is assessed with specificity, accuracy, precision, F1 score and recall based on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset. From the test results, the proposed SID-NASNet achieves an accuracy of 98.22% for effective categorization of ECG signals. The proposed SID-NASNet improves the overall accuracy of 1.24%, 3.76%, 1.87%, and 0.22% better than ECG-NET, Deep Learning (DL)-based GAN, 1D-CNN, and GAN-Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remaining a leading cause of mortality, wearable devices for monitoring cardiac activity have gained significant, renewed interest among the medical community. This paper introduces an innovative ECG monitoring system based on a single-lead ECG machine, enhanced using machine learning methods. The system only processes and analyzes ECG data, but it can also be used to predict potential heart disease at an early stage. The wearable device was built on the ADS1298 and a microcontroller STM32L151xD. A server module based on the architecture style of the REST API was designed to facilitate interaction with the web-based segment of the system. The module is responsible for receiving data in real time from the microcontroller and delivering this data to the web-based segment of the module. Algorithms for analyzing ECG signals have been developed, including band filter artifact removal, K-means clustering for signal segmentation, and PQRST analysis. Machine learning methods, such as isolation forests, have been employed for ECG anomaly detection. Moreover, a comparative analysis with various machine learning methods, including logistic regression, random forest, SVM, XGBoost, decision forest, and CNNs, was conducted to predict the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Convoluted neural networks (CNN) showed an accuracy of 0.926, proving their high effectiveness for ECG data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress and driving are a dangerous combination which can lead to crashes, as evidenced by the large number of road traffic crashes that involve stress. Therefore, it is essential to build a practical system that can classify driver stress level with high accuracy. However, the performance of such a system depends on hyperparameter optimization choices such as data segmentation (windowing hyperparameters). The configuration setting of hyperparameters, which has an enormous impact on the system performance, are typically hand-tuned while evaluating the algorithm. This tuning process is time consuming and there are also no generic optimal values for hyperparameters values. In this work, we propose a meta-heuristic approach to support automated hyperparameter optimization and provide a real-time driver stress detection system. This is the first systematic study of optimizing windowing hyperparameters based on Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal in the domain of driving safety. Our approach is to propose a framework based on Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) to select an optimal/near optimal windowing hyperparameters values. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated on two datasets: a public dataset (DRIVEDB dataset) and our collected dataset using an advanced simulator. DRIVEDB dataset was collected in a real-time driving scenario and our dataset was collected using an advanced driving simulator in the control environment. We demonstrate that optimizing the windowing hyperparameters yields significant improvement in terms of accuracy. The most accurate built model applied to the public dataset and our dataset, based on the selected windowing hyperparameters, achieved 92.12% and 77.78% accuracy, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure, a state marked by the heart's inefficiency in pumping blood adequately., can lead to serious health complications and reduced quality of life. Detecting heart failure early is crucial as it allows for timely intervention and management strategies to prevent progression and improve patient outcomes. The effectiveness of integrating ECG and AI for heart failure detection stems from AI's capacity to meticulously analyze extensive ECG datasets, facilitating the early identification of nuanced cardiac irregularities and enhancing diagnostic precision. While the current research lacks sufficient accuracy and is burdened by complexity issues. To overcome this issue, we proposed a novel Densely Connected Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Dense-BiGRU) model for accurate heart failure detection. In this work, we enhanced collected ECG signal in terms of performing multiple data pre-treatment including as denoising, powerline interference and normalization utilizing Collaborative Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEMD) algorithm, Adaptive Least Mean Square (Adaptive LMS) and min-max normalization method, respectively. Here, we utilized the LiteStream_Net layer for extracting appropriate feature from pre-processed signal. Finally, based on extracted features heart failure detection is implemented through introducing Dense-BiGRU algorithm. The proposed research is implemented using MATLAB simulation tools, and its validation is conducted through various simulation metrics including accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and AUC. The results of the implementation demonstrate that the proposed research surpasses existing state-of-the-art methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are very important for heart disease diagnosis. In this paper, a novel early prediction method based on Nested Long Short-Term Memory (Nested LSTM) is developed for sudden cardiac death risk detection. First, wavelet denoising and normalization techniques are utilized for reliable reconstruction of ECG signals from extreme noise conditions. Then, a nested LSTM structure is adopted, which can guide the memory forgetting and memory selection of ECG signals, so as to improve the data processing ability and prediction accuracy of ECG signals. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, four different models with different signal prediction techniques are used for comparison. The extensive experimental results show that this method can realize an accurate prediction of the cardiac beat’s starting point and track the trend of ECG signals effectively. This study holds significant value for timely intervention for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death.

Heart diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, highlighting the need for early detection. The electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart’s electrical activity using electrodes. Our research focuses on the ECG data to diagnose heart disorders, particularly arrhythmias. We utilized the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset for comparative analysis of various machine learning techniques, including random forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree, along with deep learning algorithms like Long short-term memory and Convolutional Neural Networks. This required employing various preprocessing methods like filtering and normalization and feature selection techniques such as chi-square and sequential feature selectors to improve the performance of heart disease prediction. Therefore, hybrid machine and deep learning models are proposed, and the results reveal that hybrid models perform better than conventional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrocardiograph (ECG) signals are an important source of data on human heart health and are widely used to detect different types of arrhythmias. With the development of deep learning, end-to-end ECG classification models based on neural networks have emerged, but most of the existing models are only for small datasets, and there is a problem of poor generalization ability. In order to solve the above two problems, we present a novel deep learning architecture, DRNet, which integrates DenseNet with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) to form the Dense (D) Recurrent (R) Network with BiLSTM serving as the recurrent structure. The DenseNet layer is used to extract the deep features of the ECG signal; and the BiLSTM layer can aggregate the extracted features in time, which is more sensitive to the timing status of the ECG. These deep features enrich the temporal background and serve as the foundation for subsequent classification tasks. In the classification stage, the model categorizes ECG signals into one of four types: "normal," "AF" (atrial fibrillation), "other rhythms," and "noisy." In addition, in order to solve the problem of misclassification caused by imbalanced ECG signal samples, an improved cross-entropy loss function, a multiclass concentration loss function, is proposed in this paper, and the partial derivative solution process is given. Finally, in the prediction of ECG signals, the existing simple voting is improved to a weighted voting method. The comparison experiment with the ordinary dense neural network on the published larger ECG dataset proves that this method not only simplifies feature extraction but also greatly enhances the generalization ability of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In telemedicine-based healthcare system, such as cardiac health monitoring system, large amount of data needs to be stored and transferred. This requires stupendous bandwidth and affects the channel efficiency. The main objective is to develop an efficient compression technique for solving such problems in healthcare systems. In this work, the coalition of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and tunable quality wavelet transform (TQWT) scheme has been proposed for ECG signal compression with a suitable decomposition level. Thus, the maximum energy is packed for fewer coefficients which have a significant contribution to the original signal. The dynamic thresholding and dead-zone quantization are evaluated, to discard the wavelet coefficients with a small value near zero. Subsequently, a run-length encoding (RLE) lossless compression scheme is employed to encode the wavelet coefficients. The presented technique was evaluated on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MITDB) arrhythmias dataset which contain regular and irregular heart rhythm. The compression ratio (CR%), percent root-mean-square error (PRD%), normalized PRD (NPRD%), quality score (QS), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 33.11, 4.35, 8.21, 7.59, and 51.09 have been achieved, after implementing on 48 ECG records with 30-min duration. The presented method was also implemented for normal and abnormal heartbeat classification for validation. The random forest algorithm (RFA) is employed for the classification of cardiac rhythm. The results show minimal distortion with an improved reconstruction of a signal after the compression and show a better performance than the state-of-art technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are vital for diagnosing cardiac abnormalities, but they are corrupted by powerline interference noise, which can obscure critical features and compromise diagnostic accuracy. This paper investigates various filtration techniques aimed at effectively removing powerline interference noise from ECG signals. Different approaches, including average filters and moving average filters, are explored and compared to determine their efficacy in noise reduction while preserving important signal characteristics. Experimental evaluations are conducted using synthetic ECG signals contaminated with simulated powerline interference noise and real-world ECG recordings corrupted by actual powerline interference. The performance of each filtration technique is assessed based on metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Percentage Root Mean Square Difference (PRD). The trade-offs between noise reduction effectiveness and preservation of ECG signal fidelity are analyzed to identify the most suitable approach for clinical applications. This paper provides valuable insights into the selection and implementation of filtration techniques for mitigating powerline interference noise in ECG signals. The findings contribute to the development of robust signal processing methods for improving the reliability and accuracy of ECG-based diagnostic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ECG (Electrocardiogram) waves have a significant role in identifying the nature of heart diseases and monitoring the heart situation of patients who suffer from different cardiovascular diseases. In this research, a model that implements a binary classification in the light of the 1D-CNN algorithm is proposed for the ECG signal environment. The main objective of this study is to detect and separate regular and irregular heartbeat signals. The model has been trained and tested on the MIT-BIH dataset and classifies the signal into "normal" and "abnormal" samples using various activation functions for different epochs. Test results indicated that, according to the confusion matrix, an improvement of 99.8%, 99.9%, and 99.7% was achieved for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively. These results are better than other related works that have been recently published for the classification of ECG signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common non-invasive diagnostic model is the Electrocardiogram (ECG), which records the heart's electrical activity over time and is used to diagnose various heart conditions. Due to the requirements of a typical eHealth system, it is necessary to compress ECG signals for long-term data recording and remote transmission. Moreover, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been considered the most long-lasting disorders in recent years. The transmission of information from the patient to the distant hospital is necessary because rapid analysis and treatment are essential for the condition to be cured. Also, the data must be in the form of lossless and high-predictability data. So, the goal of this study was to create a two-stage lossless Integer Adaptive Predictor (IAP) compressor that could be implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) without introducing any data loss during the compression process. Before compression, the ECG signals are denoised using a Fast Normalized Least Mean Square (FNLMS) algorithm-based adaptive filter, which removes the undesirable noise presented in the signal. Here, the adaptive filter is designed based on the hybrid systolic folding structure and compressor-based multiplier architecture to minimize the power, delay and area consumption of the filter while performing the signal-denoising process. Xilinx and MATLAB are used to run simulations using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia and PTB diagnostic databases. Several performance parameters are used to assess the proposed design's efficacy, and the results are compared to those of similar current designs. Consequently, the proposed compressor achieves a 45.23% compression ratio (CR) on MIT-BIH and a 10.87% average CR on the PTB diagnostic database, which demonstrates that the compression proficiency of the proposed design is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are very important for heart disease diagnosis. In this paper, a novel early prediction method based on Nested Long Short-Term Memory (Nested LSTM) is developed for sudden cardiac death risk detection. First, wavelet denoising and normalization techniques are utilized for reliable reconstruction of ECG signals from extreme noise conditions. Then, a nested LSTM structure is adopted, which can guide the memory forgetting and memory selection of ECG signals, so as to improve the data processing ability and prediction accuracy of ECG signals. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, four different models with different signal prediction techniques are used for comparison. The extensive experimental results show that this method can realize an accurate prediction of the cardiac beat's starting point and track the trend of ECG signals effectively. This study holds significant value for timely intervention for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a simple and safe tool for detecting heart conditions. Despite the diaspora of existing heartbeat classifiers, improvements such as real-time heartbeat identification and patient-independent classification persist. Reservoir computing (RC) based heartbeat classifiers are an emerging computational efficiency solution that is potentially recommended for real-time concerns. However, multiclass patient-independent heartbeat classification using RC-based classifiers has not been considered and constitutes a challenge. This study investigates patient-independent heartbeat classification by leveraging traditional RC and next-generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) solely or in a cascade. Three RCs were investigated for classification tasks: a linear RC featuring linear internal nodes, a nonlinear RC with a nonlinear internal node, and an NG-RC. Each of these has been evaluated independently using either linear ridge regression or multilayer perceptron (MLP) as readout models. Only three classes were considered for classification: the N, V, and S categories. Techniques to deal with the imbalanced nature of the data, such as the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and oversampling by replacement, were used. The MIT-BIH dataset was used to evaluate classification performance. The area under the curve (AUC) criterion was used as an evaluation metric. The NG-RC-based model improves classification performance and mitigates the overfitting issue. It has improved classification performance by 4.18% and 2.31% for the intra-patient and inter-patient paradigms, respectively. By cascading RC and NG-RC, the identification performance of the three heartbeat categories is further enhanced. AUCs of 97.80% and 92.09% were reported for intra- and inter-patient scenarios, respectively. These results suggest promising opportunities to leverage RC technology for multiclass, patient-independent heartbeat recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely utilized signal in the prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). ECG signals have the ability to detect the heart's unusual rhythmic patterns, which are generally referred to as arrhythmias. A comprehensive examination of ECG signals is crucial for the precise identification of patients' chronic heart conditions. This literature survey investigates some of the most recent studies in cardiac research where researchers embarked on the arduous task of creating an ECG signal image model to identify possible signals signifying the presence of heart disease. This survey covers algorithms for fusing ECG signal features with deep learning methods to develop deep neural networks for predicting heart disease using images obtained from recordings of ECG signals. Respectively, every study provides an aspect of understanding how complicated Deep Learning (DL) models can find undiscovered elements from ECG data that lead to earlier and correct diagnoses of cardiovascular disorders in this objective of the discussed project. Through this journey through these research findings, we will look closely at the methods used and draw conclusions on how DL models can be improved in the context of cardiac health. This paper endeavors to introduce novelty into this developing field and thus forms part of this extensive review of what is currently available in this area.

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. However, ECG recording is often subject to various noises, which can limit its clinical evaluation. To address this issue, we propose a novel Transformer-based convolutional neural network framework with adaptively parametric ReLU (APtrans-CNN) for ECG signal denoising. The proposed APtrans-CNN architecture combines the strengths of transformers in global feature learning and CNNs in local feature learning to address the inadequacy of learning with long sequence time-series features. By fully exploiting the global features of ECG signals, our framework can effectively extract critical information that is necessary for signal denoising. We also introduce an adaptively parametric ReLU that can assign a value to the negative information contained in the ECG signal, thereby overcoming the limitation of ReLU to retain negative information. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic feature aggregation module that enables automatic learning and retention of valuable features while discarding useless noise information. Results obtained from two datasets demonstrate that our proposed APtrans-CNN can accurately extract pure ECG signals from noisy datasets and is adaptable to various applications. Specifically, when the input consists of ECG signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -4 dB, APtrans-CNN successfully increases the SNR to more than 6 dB, resulting in the diagnostic model's accuracy exceeding 96%.

Interpreting machine learning models is facilitated by the widely employed locally interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME) technique. However, when extending LIME to signal data, its credibility falters due to perturbation techniques used to generate local datasets. These techniques disrupt temporal dependencies among features, leading to unrealistic data points and potentially misleading explanations. Additionally, LIME faces instability and local fidelity issues, limiting its suitability for real-world applications. The absence of a dedicated LIME package tailored for interpreting signal data further diminishes comprehensibility, especially when applied to models trained on such data. In this paper, we introduce Signal-based LIME (Sig-LIME) to address these limitations. Sig-LIME leverages a novel data generation technique that captures temporal dependence among features, enhancing credibility and stability. It combines a random forest model and heatmaps to provide illuminating explanations for predictions drawn from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, improving model transparency. Empirical findings underscore the enhanced interpretability and comprehension of model predictions attained by Sig-LIME compared to baseline LIME. Our quantitative evaluation based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA) framework, reveals a notable improvement in stability with Sig-LIME, evidenced by an f-statistic of 0.0 and p-values of 1, indicating a complete absence of variation between multiple runs. Regarding local fidelity, Sig-LIME surpasses the baseline LIME, exhibiting a lower average Euclidean distance of 0.49 compared to 17.24. Sig-LIME excels in generating data more akin to the original, achieving remarkable stability and significantly enhancing credibility and local fidelity in the explanations it generates.

Increased physical activity can help reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. However, cardiovascular disease during strenuous exercise also brings certain risks, so a convenient and effective method is needed to accurately identify heart rate. Due to the low amplitude characteristics of ECG signals, automatic classification of the imperceptibility and irregularities of ECG signals remains a great challenge. To address this issue, we propose an automatic heart rate detection method using a two-dimensional convolutional neural network. First, the ECG data is preprocessed to convert the multi-lead single-channel ECG data into dual-channel ECG data. Then, the ECG image is input into the convolutional neural network. To enhance the diagnostic accuracy of an abnormal heart rate diagnosis model, this study integrates a multi-scale pyramid module into the network to fully extract image contextual information. Experimental analysis utilizes MIT-BIH and Sudden Cardiac Death Holter public datasets for training and testing. The results show that the final classification accuracy reaches 99.12% and 98.40%, respectively. The method requires no manual pre-processing of converted ECG images, has high accuracy, can effectively monitor abnormal heart rate, and minimize sudden death caused by abnormal heart rate.

In the hours leading up to the onset time of sepsis, the autonomic nervous system presents sub-clinical indicators of disease that may not be observable to providers. The objective of this research is to create an interpretable sepsis prediction algorithm utilizing continuous electrocardiography (ECG) signals, with the aim of implementing it in patient monitoring systems for individuals in intensive care units (ICU). We develop an early sepsis detection algorithm utilizing two datasets; in particular, the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) Clinical Dataset and MIMIC-Waveform Database. We carry out a systematic approach to selecting ECG segments of superior quality that are recorded in highly dynamic intensive care unit environments. Later, we use the single-lead ECG waveform to investigate the potential of heart rate variability (HRV) for continuous monitoring. In this study, 715 patients were included, of whom 65 are sepsis patients labeled with recent sepsis definition on an hourly basis. The predictive potential of the critical features is visualized to assist the interpretation of the model in a clinical practice. Moreover, since we are framing the early sepsis prediction as a supervised time series classification task, we evaluate the model performance by implementing Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN). Performance analysis reported with varying prediction windows preceding sepsis onset time using area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). The deep learning model delivers promising results by leveraging time series with the use of temporal convolutions. Our findings reveal that the HRV characteristics of adults can be a valuable indicator for continuous sepsis monitoring in an ICU. Finally, this research work adds to the field of early sepsis detection by providing an annotated continuous waveform dataset from the MIMIC-Waveform Database, which is made accessible to the public.

Introduction: Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is a serious sleep disorder and early detection of sleep apnoea not only reduces treatment costs but also saves lives. Conventional polysomnography (PSG) is widely regarded as the gold standard diagnostic tool for sleep apnoea. However, this method is expensive, timeconsuming and inherently disruptive to sleep. Recent studies have pointed out that ECG analysis is a simple and effective diagnostic method for sleep apnea, which can effectively provide physicians with an aid to diagnosis and reduce patients' suffering. Methods: To this end, in this paper proposes a LightGBM hybrid model based on ECG signals for efficient detection of sleep apnea. Firstly, the improved Isolated Forest algorithm is introduced to remove abnormal data and solve the data sample imbalance problem. Secondly, the parameters of LightGBM algorithm are optimised by the improved TPE (Tree-structured Parzen Estimator) algorithm to determine the best parameter configuration of the model. Finally, the fusion model TPE_OptGBM is used to detect sleep apnoea. In the experimental phase, we validated the model based on the sleep apnoea ECG database provided by Phillips-University of Marburg, Germany. Results: The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper achieves an accuracy of 95.08%, a precision of 94.80%, a recall of 97.51%, and an F1 value of 96.14%. Discussion: All of these evaluation indicators are better than the current mainstream models, which is expected to assist the doctor's diagnostic process and provide a better medical experience for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the elderly population has increased, which requires more research on their health status. IoT has revolutionized device connectivity and remote access, making it an ideal solution for medical telemetry. Various plans have been presented to use the Internet of Things in the field of health. One of these plans is a fall detection system and notification to health centres and elderly families. One of the most critical requirements of fall detection algorithms is their accuracy. It is essential that the fall detection algorithm does not falsely send an alert to the elderly family, nurse or physician. Therefore, the accuracy of the fall detection algorithm should be increased by adding other techniques. In the proposed method of this research, this issue is solved by providing an intelligent framework based on clustering and ECG signal. The accuracy rate of the proposed detection algorithm is 97.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and more than half million people were died around the world. However, cardiovascular health monitoring is crucial for effective heart disease diagnosis and management. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based YOLO-ECG model is proposed to ECG arrhythmia classification method for portable monitoring. Initially, the ECG signals are gathered using 12-lead electrodes in the real time and these signals are denoised using two-dimensional stationary wavelet transform (2D-SWT). In SWT, zeros are inserted between filter taps rather than decimal points to eliminate repetitions and increase robustness. The denoised ECG signals are fed into the deep learning-based YOLO network with Gaussian error linear unit (GELU) activation function for detecting the ECG abnormalities of arrythmia. ECG waveforms are analyzed for the local fractal dimension at each sample point before heartbeat waveforms are extracted within a set length window. A squeeze and excitation attention (SEAN) module is introduced in the YOLO network for selecting size of 1D convolution kernel, and the dimension is preserved during local cross-channel interactions, decrease network complexity and enhance model efficiency. The classification findings demonstrate that the proposed YOLO-ECG model performs better by ECG recordings from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset. From the experimental analysis, the proposed YOLO-ECG model yields the overall accuracy of 99.16% for efficient classification of arrythmia ECG signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocardiography is an examination performed frequently in patients experiencing symptoms of heart disease. Upon a detailed analysis, it has shown potential to detect and identify various activities. In this article, we present a deep learning approach that can be used to analyze ECG signals. Our research shows promising results in recognizing activity and disease patterns with nearly 90% accuracy. In this paper, we present the early results of our analysis, indicating the potential of using deep learning algorithms in the analysis of both one dimensional and two–dimensional data. The methodology we present can be utilized for ECG data classification and can be extended to wearable devices. Conclusions of our study pave the way for exploring live data analysis through wearable devices in order to not only predict specific cardiac conditions, but also a possibility of using them in alternative and augmented communication frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormalities in normal blood flow from the heart cause several types of heart disease known as cardiovascular diseases. Over more than 17.5 million Global death occurs due to cardiovascular disease and 75% of death occurs from low- and middle-income countries. Early detection can save a lot of people’s lives. ECG signals reflect the electrical activity of the heart. Thus, heart rhythm disorders or alterations in the ECG waveform are evidence of underlying cardiovascular problems, such as arrhythmias. However, manual analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is a laborious and prone-to-error task, even for a specialist with many hours of experience. This work focuses on identifying the five diseases of a dataset with the help of an artificial neural network. We have used a sequential model in keras with 5 dense layers. Then the ANN keras model is trained from the selected parameters of dataset and then test dataset is used. The classification report tells us how well the model has identified the diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developed a new method to overcome motion artifacts in Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which often interfere with accurate clinical analysis. Motion artifacts, such as body movements, can cause significant distortions in the ECG signal, resulting in incorrect interpretation and affecting medical diagnosis. The main objective of this research is to design and implement an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter with a predetermined sequence, namely orders 2, 4, 6, and 8 to reduce motion artifacts in the ECG signal. We aim to improve ECG signal quality by preserving important ECG signal information and reducing noise caused by motion artifacts. This research contributes to developing more precise and reliable ECG signal processing techniques. The proposed method provides an effective approach to handling motion artifacts, enabling more accurate and reliable ECG interpretation by medical professionals. We used an ECG simulator that provides body movement simulation as a basis for experiments. The detected ECG signal is processed with a predetermined order IIR filter. We compare the filtered signal to the original signal to measure the effectiveness of reducing motion artifacts. Experimental results show that the applied IIR filter efficiently reduces motion artifacts in the ECG signal. The SNR assessment showed a significant improvement, proving the success of this method in maintaining ECG signal quality. The result is that in the 2nd order, the SNR value is 22.25 dB, in the 4th order the SNR value is 22.75 dB, in the 6th order the SNR value is 22.99 dB, in the 6th order the SNR value is 22.99 dB. 8 obtained an SNR value of 23dB. This study successfully demonstrated that using IIR filters in a specified order effectively reduces motion artifacts in the ECG signal, increases SNR, and maintains the integrity of clinical information in the ECG signal. The implications of this research extend to medical technology development and clinical applications, providing a strong foundation for continued research in more efficient and reliable ECG signal processing.

With the help of computer-aided diagnostic systems, cardiovascular diseases can be identified timely manner to minimize the mortality rate of patients suffering from cardiac disease. However, the early diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most challenging tasks. The manual analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) data with the help of the Holter monitor is challenging. Currently, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is receiving considerable attention from researchers for automatically identifying ECG signals. This paper proposes a 9-layerbased CNN model to classify the ECG signals into five primary categories according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instruments (AAMI). The Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) arrhythmia dataset is used for the experiment. The proposed model outperformed the previous model in terms of accuracy and achieved a sensitivity of 99.0% and a positivity predictively 99.2% in the detection of a Ventricular Ectopic Beat (VEB). Moreover, it also gained a sensitivity of 99.0% and positivity predictively of 99.2% for the detection of a supraventricular ectopic beat (SVEB). The overall accuracy of the proposed model is 99.68%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac arrhythmias are abnormalities caused by irregularities in the heart's electrical conduction system. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been identified as the leading cause of death worldwide. Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is one of these diseases. It is an arrhythmia that can be linked to a several heart diseases that affect between 40% and 75% of the population. Ventricular bigeminy occurs when one or two premature beats are detected on an electrocardiogram when there is ventricular contraction between two normal heartbeats or trigeminy. The appearance of ventricular bigeminy or trigeminy rhythms is related to angina. Myocardial infarction, hypertension, and congestive heart failure are also possible conditions. Based on deep learning, this paper proposes creating a robust approach for automatically detecting and classifying cardiovascular arrhythmias in long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings from halters based on deep learning (DL). We present a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short-time memory (LSTM) model that identifies cardiovascular arrhythmias. We have designed and implemented the proposed model using Python. The model was trained and validated on a database that includes a total of 17 long-recorded ECG signals (24 h) from 17 subjects, which were obtained from Yfa Hospital. The signals were recorded with seven leads holter. The CNN classifier achieved an accuracy of 91.14% as a final result, validated through a 10-fold cross-validation. Moreover, the proposed model was found to be capable of analyzing ECG recordings to classify multiple cardiovascular arrhythmias in the ECG record signals efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is one of the major diseases endangering human life. As a transitional support treatment before heart transplantation, the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has significantly improved the quality of life and survival rate of patients with end-stage heart failure. In the automatic detection of electrocardiogram (ECG), the detection of QRS wave groups is the most critical aspect, which affects the correctness and accuracy of subsequent data analysis and processing. The paper used the data from the MIT-BIH database and the data collected from human ECG as the original number of samples for further processing. It processed the data through a high-order finite impulse response (FIR) low-pass filter and Shannon energy algorithm, and added the use of a high-order adaptive median filter algorithm on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to minimize the noise of the processed real-time data. Finally, the tested ECG R-wave was used to drive the LVAD. After successful simulation by MATLAB and Modelsim software, the scheme of the real-time ECG signal controlling blood pump system was realized on the FPGA platform. The experiment showed that the method proposed could accurately extract the R-wave and control the LVAD to pump blood simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a research article that discusses a novel algorithm for detecting T-waves in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The algorithm utilizes a non-decimated stationary wavelet transform method and involves the cancellation of the QRS complex by utilizing its local extrema. The proposed technique has been tested on different databases and achieves high sensitivity, positive predictivity, accuracy, and low detection error rate. The article compares the proposed technique to existing methods and highlights the significance of T-wave detection in clinical applications. The document also includes acknowledgments, a statement about data availability, and a list of references related to ECG signal analysis. [Extracted from the article]

With booming computer technology and diverse computer-based smart applications, intelligent monitoring and detection of the fatigue state of coal miners (miners) has attracted extensive attention from enterprises. In order to accurately and fast knowledge the fatigue status of Miners and reduce production accidents. The article proposes a Fatigue Monitoring and Detection (FMD) model based on a fusion Machine Learning (ML) approach: Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA)-optimized Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM). Firstly, the physiological information of electroencephalogram (ECG) of coal miners before and after manual handling operations was collected using the MP160 recorder (multiconductance physiological 160) produced by BIOPAC, USA. Using the paired-samples t-test method, the characteristic indicators reflecting miners' fatigue were extracted from the ECG. Secondly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to optimize the selected feature indicators and establish the depth fatigue feature parameter set to characterize the fatigue level of miners. Finally, the proposed MPA-LSSVM-based FMD model is applied to recognize Miners' fatigue levels. The results show that the selected indexes can effectively reflect the fatigue status of Miners. The proposed MPA-LSSVM-based FMD model has higher recognition accuracy than SVM and LSSVM models (13.99% and 18.68% higher, respectively) and better robustness. Therefore, the proposed MPA-LSSVM-based FMD model can accurately and effectively identify the fatigue status of Miners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation is a type of heart rhythm disorder that most often occurs in the world and can cause death. Atrial fibrillation can be diagnosed by reading an Electrocardiograph (ECG) recording, however, an ECG reading takes a long time and requires specialists to analyze the type of signal pattern. The use of deep learning to classify Atrial Fibrillation in ECG signals was chosen because deep learning has 10% higher performance compared to machine learning methods. In this research, an application for classification of Atrial Fibrillation was developed using the 1- Dimentional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN 1D) method. There are 6 configurations of the 1D CNN model that were developed by varying the configuration on the learning rate and batch size. The best model obtained 100% accuracy, 100% precision, 100% recall, and 100% F1 Score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acquisition of ECG signals offers physicians and specialists a very important tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, very often these signals are affected by noise from various sources, including noise generated by movement during physical activity. This type of noise is known as Motion Artifact (MA) which changes the waveform of the signal, leading to erroneous readings. The elimination of this noise is performed by different filtering techniques, where the adaptive filtering using the LMS (least mean squares) algorithm stands out. The objective of this article is to determine which algorithms best deal with motion artifacts, taking into account the use of instruments or wearable equipment, in different conditions of physical activity. A comparison between different algorithms derived from LMS (NLMS, PNLMS and IPNLM) used in adaptive filtering is carried out using indicators such as: Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) as metrics to evaluate them. For this purpose, the mHealth database was used, which contains ECG signals taken during moderate to medium intensity physical activities. The results show that filtering by IPNLMS as well as PNLMS offers an improvement both visually and in terms of SNR, Pearson, and MSE indicators.

Electrocardiography is an examination performed frequently in patients experiencing symptoms of heart disease. Upon a detailed analysis, it has shown potential to detect and identify various activities. In this article, we present a deep learning approach that can be used to analyze ECG signals. Our research shows promising results in recognizing activity and disease patterns with nearly 90% accuracy. In this paper, we present the early results of our analysis, indicating the potential of using deep learning algorithms in the analysis of both onedimensional and two–dimensional data. The methodology we present can be utilized for ECG data classification and can be extended to wearable devices. Conclusions of our study pave the way for exploring live data analysis through wearable devices in order to not only predict specific cardiac conditions, but also a possibility of using them in alternative and augmented communication frameworks.

We use deep learning to extract and identify the physiological indicators, sports, and data analysis parameters, providing scientific references for athletes’ personalized training. This paper aims to construct an optimization system for personalized training for athletes based on machine learning. Initially, we designed the system’s overall structure, hardware, and software scheme, and then we modeled the algorithms for measuring four physiological parameters. The NTC thermistor thermometry method was utilized to measure body temperature, the photoelectric volumetric method for determining blood oxygen and heart rate, and the ECG signal method for calculating blood pressure. The adaptive threshold method uses the human body’s steady-state recognition algorithm, based on a single triaxial acceleration sensor, to recognize steady-state motion states such as resting, running, and walking. After the construction of the system was completed, it was applied to the sports team of a university in Guangzhou, and a semester of personalized training optimization experiments for athletes was conducted. The system found a maximum error of 0.02 °C between the measured body temperature and the results from the medical temperature gun, ensuring stable performance during short-term body temperature changes like training. Except for B, C, D, and G errors of 1%, the rest of the athletes monitored by the system in this paper’s blood oxygen results are consistent with the oximeter. The accuracy of recognizing each sport is above 90%. In the eight swimming events that need to be assessed, the average score before the beginning of the semester was 65.43, and after the experiment, it was 87.14, an improvement of 21.71 points. The system in this paper has a great auxiliary effect on the optimization of personalized training for athletes in terms of physical function monitoring, sports status statistics, and training intensity setting, which provides new ideas and methods for the integration of personalized training for athletes with cutting-edge information technology.