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The model of generalized thermoelasticity, with the dual-phase-lag theory (DPL), is applied to study the influence of gravity on a piezo-thermoelastic diffusive medium. Normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions for different physical quantities. The derived expressions are computed numerically and the results are presented in graphical form. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by the Lord–Shulman theory (LS) and the DPL model in the presence and absence of gravity.

Stress is common among nursing students and it has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined nursing students’ stress levels and their coping strategies in clinical practice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A repeated-measures study design was used to examine the relationship between nursing students’ stress levels and coping strategies before and during the pandemic. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the survey and a student T-test was used to compare the level of stress and coping strategies among 131 nursing students. The STROBE checklist was used. During COVID-19, there was a reliable and accurate relationship between stress and coping strategies. Furthermore, both stress and coping strategy scores were lower before COVID-19 and higher during COVID-19. Nursing students are struggling to achieve a healthy stress-coping strategy during the pandemic. There is a need for the introduction of stress management programs to help foster healthy coping skills. Students are important resources for our health system and society and will continue to be vital long term. It is now up to both nursing educators and health administrators to identify and implement the needed improvements in training and safety measures because they are essential for the health of the patient as well as future pandemics.

Background: There are indeed several types of assessment used in measuring the achievements of the program learning outcomes (PLOs). To mention some, one can talk about direct, indirect, subjective, and objective assessment. It is necessary to have a clear framework to assess the PLOs and to indicate the strengths and weaknesses of the program for early detections and improvements. The purpose of this study is to develop an applicable assessment framework that combines both direct and indirect methods through performance index and performance indicators (PIs) of PLOs inspiring by Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 for health program in higher education. Methodology: The online databases were interpreted using a literature review, to produce a few articles outlining and examining the implementation and evaluation of assessment framework relating to health programs. This search was conducted through the support of Google keywords: learning outcome assessment plan, learning outcome direct assessment method, learning outcome indirect assessment method, learning outcome PIs, and learning outcome performance index. Results: An assessment framework was presented using both the direct and indirect methods of assessment learning outcome with a view to reach a definitive method of assessing learning outcome achievements. Conclusion: The study recommends the development of standardizing examinations to simulate the national and international standardized examination that all examination questions need to be mapped with the PLOs.

Understanding grandparents' lived experiences and healthy aging is essential to designing efficient, effective, and safe services to support a family structure in which grandparents care for their grandchildren. However, no study to date has explored this concept in an Arab and Muslim country during a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine grandparents' experiences raising their grandchildren to provide recommendations for needed mental health interventions during and after COVID-19. We used a phenomenological approach to gain a detailed and in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of 15 grandparents caring for their grandchildren. This study shows the need for support service interventions (support groups, health professional support, and respite care) for grandparents in Saudi Arabia, especially during global crises like COVID-19, that enhance social distance and social isolation. Raising grandchildren affects the physical, mental, and social wellbeing of the grandparents.

This paper's main objective is to study the two-dimensional deformation of the thermoelastic micro-elongated solid with the effect of initial stress on the model of dual-phase-lag and the theory of Lord and Shulman (L-S). The interface of the elastic half-space and the thermoelastic micro-elongated half-space is utilized to apply mechanical force. The solution has been made using the normal mode analysis method. For aluminum epoxy, numerical simulations are done and graphically presented to demonstrate the presence and complete absence of initial stress on the various physical quantities.

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a food additive, mainly in the bread-making process. Ruta chalepensis L. (Family-Rutaceae) is a small shrub, native to the Mediterranean Basin. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and curative effects of R. chalepensis oil extract against KBrO3 toxicity on liver of male rats. Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control group. The second group was administered Rue at an oral daily dose of 0.5 g/Animal for four weeks. The third group received KBrO3 100 mg/kg/b. w. for four weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initially administered Rue alone for 2 weeks and followed by KBrO3 in association with Rue for 2 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given KBrO3 alone for 2 weeks and was then administered Rue in association with KBrO3 for 2 weeks. At the end of 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment, the liver tissues were dissected out for histopathological studies. Histopathological sections of rats administered with Rue showed the same histological observations as in the liver of control animals. KBrO3 treated rats exhibited marked congestion and dilatation of the blood vessels, the central veins and the portal veins. Additionally, marked infiltrative inflammatory cells were revealed. The occurrence of the cellular necrobiotic lesions and nuclei in these necrotic cells showed pyknosis. They also, showed cellular atrophied and hyaline degeneration of the cytoplasm. Vacuoles of different shapes and sizes were developed in the hepatocytes. Blood vessels being thick walled and fibrotic encircled by an inflammatory area rich in leucocytes. The protective and therapeutic groups showed marked hepatoprotective activity and better improvement than that noticed in the group which was given KBrO3 only. It may be concluded from the results that the hepatotoxic effect of KBrO3 and the ameliorative effect of Rue an effective when administrated as protective and therapeutic measures. Keywords: Rat, Liver, Potassium Bromate, Ruta chalepensis, Histopathology.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain a general solution to the field equations of generalized thermo-diffusion in an infinite thermoelastic body under the effect of gravity in the context of the dual-phase-lag (DPL) model. The half space is considered made of an isotropic homogeneous thermoelastic material. The boundary plane surface is heated by a non-Gaussian laser beam. Design/methodology/approach An exact solution to the problem is obtained using the normal mode analysis. Findings The derived expressions are computed numerically for copper and the results are presented in graphical form. Originality/value Comparisons are made with the results predicted by Lord-Shulman theory and DPL model for different values of time and in the presence and absence of gravity as well as diffusion.

The model of the equations of generalized thermoelasticity in a semi-conducting medium with two-temperature is established. The entire elastic medium is rotated with a uniform angular velocity. The formulation is applied under Lord-Schulman theory with one relaxation time. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the expressions for the considered variables. Also some particular cases are discussed in the context of the problem. Numerical results for the considered variables are obtained and illustrated graphically. Comparisons are also made with the results predicted in the absence and presence of rotation as well as two-temperature parameter.

Based on DPL model, the thermoelastic behavior of a semiconductor material subjected to an initial stress, with temperature dependent properties, is proposed. The normal mode analysis method resorted to for a solution. Numerically simulated results are obtained, and presented graphically for silicon, to depict the effect of initial stress and temperature dependent property parameters on the different physical quantities.

The model of the equations of generalized thermoelasticity based on the Lord–Shulman theory with one relaxation time is used to study the photothermal waves in a semiconducting medium. The exact expressions for the displacement components, temperature, carrier density, and stress components are obtained using normal mode analysis. Numerically simulated results are obtained and presented graphically for silicon to depict the effect of time parameter on the different physical quantities.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the salt of nonessential glutamic acid. It has a property to enhance the perception that flavors are well blended and full-bodied. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from the bud and bark of certain trees and plants. It has been used in folk medicine from ancient times in many countries. The present study aimed to investigate the protective and curative effect of propolis against MSG on the rat brain. Accordingly, fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as control, whereas the second group was administered propolis at an oral daily dose of 200 mg/kg b. w. for eight weeks. The third group received MSG 1 g/kg b. w. for eight weeks. The fourth group (protective group) was initialy administered with propolis alone for 4 weeks, and followed by MSG in association with propolis for 4 weeks. The fifth group (therapeutic group) was first given MSG alone for 4 weeks and secondly administered propolis in association with MSG for 4 weeks. At the end of four and eight weeks, brain tissues were collected for histopathological study purposes. Histopathological studies of MSG-treated rats displayed deleterious alterations in brain tissues as indicated by perivascular oedema and cuffing. Some blood vessels were congested and there was vacuolation of some neurons. The protective group showed gliosis in the cerebrum. There were still some odematous changes and perivascular cuffing which were still persistent. Propolis extract in the curative group caused active hyperaemia of the brain, blood vessels were congested and showed perivascular oedema and some neurons exhibited a marked vacuolation. It may be concluded that the results confirm the toxic effect of MSG on the brain and the protective effect of propolis, especially when administrated as a propolis alone.

The present paper attempts to investigate the propagation of plane waves in an isotropic elastic medium under the effect of initial stress and temperature-dependent properties. The modulus of elasticity is taken as a linear function of reference temperature. The formulation is applied under the thermoelasticity theory with three-phase-lag, proposed by Choudhuri (J. Thermal Stresses, 30, 231 (2007)). Normal mode analysis is used to obtain the expressions for the displacement components, the temperature, the stress, and the strain components. Numerical results for the field quantities are given in the physical domain and illustrated graphically. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by different theories (Lord–Shulman theory, the theory of thermoelasticity type III, and the three-phase-lag model) in the absence and presence of the initial stress as well as the case where the modulus of elasticity is independent of temperature.