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Aim: Hemophilias are inherited bleeding disorders, in which the patients generally present with clinical complaints of hemarthrosis. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the severe bleeding types with the highest mortality and morbidity throughout childhood, as well as in patients with a diagnosis of hemophilia. Herein, a single-center experience of intracranial hemorrhage in children with hemophilia is presented. Materials and Methods: The files and hospital records of the patients with the diagnosis of hemophilia who were followed up by the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Erciyes University between the years 1993-2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 81 patients with hemophilia were evaluated. Among them, 9 patients developed ICH. All patients had severe diseases. The mean age of incidence ICH was 2,6 months (4 days- 8,7 months). All the ICH episodes were observed within the first year of life. Four patients were diagnosed with the ICH episode initially. None of the patients had primary prophylaxis. The majority of them were admitted with neurological signs and symptoms. There was no ICH-related mortality in our study and all of the patients are being followed up in our department. Conclusion: Intracranial hemorrhage remains important in patients with congenital bleeding disorders, especially in hemophilia; with difficulties in diagnosis, management, and treatment.

In this study, first, using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, the criteria that have an impact on supply chain management in terms of logistics and distribution network are evaluated. As a result of this evaluation, the main criteria and sub-criteria that have the most important impact on the system are determined. As a result of the evaluation, the speed main criterion is examined. Then, a mathematical programming model is developed using the speed criterion and hence also its sub-criteria. GAMS optimization software is used for the solution of the developed model. In this study, the optimum supplier selection is ensured using the selected sub-criteria and the developed mathematical programming model in a developed supplier selection problem., Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) yöntemi kullanılarak tedarik zinciri yönetiminde lojistik ve dağıtım ağı açısından etkisi olan kriterlerin değerlendirilmesi yapılmaktadır. Bu değerlendirme neticesinde sisteme etkisi en çok olan ana kriter ve alt kriterler belirlenmektedir. Değerlendirme neticesinde hız ana kriteri ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra, hız kriteri ve dolayısıyla alt kriterleri de kullanılarak bir matematik programlama modeli geliştirilmektedir. Geliştirilen bu modelin çözümünde GAMS optimizasyon yazılımı kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geliştirilen bir tedarikçi seçim probleminde, etki eden alt kriterler ve geliştirilen matematik programlama modeli kullanılarak optimum tedarikçi seçimi sağlanmaktadır.

Background: In 2014, germline signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations were first described to cause a novel multisystem disease of early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. Objective: This pivotal cohort study defines the scope, natural history, treatment, and overall survival of a large global cohort of patients with pathogenic STAT3 GOF variants. Methods: We identified 191 patients from 33 countries with 72 unique mutations. Inclusion criteria included symptoms of immune dysregulation and a biochemically confirmed germline heterozygous GOF variant in STAT3. Results: Overall survival was 88%, median age at onset of symptoms was 2.3 years, and median age at diagnosis was 12 years. Immune dysregulatory features were present in all patients: lymphoproliferation was the most common manifestation (73%); increased frequencies of double-negative (CD4−CD8−) T cells were found in 83% of patients tested. Autoimmune cytopenias were the second most common clinical manifestation (67%), followed by growth delay, enteropathy, skin disease, pulmonary disease, endocrinopathy, arthritis, autoimmune hepatitis, neurologic disease, vasculopathy, renal disease, and malignancy. Infections were reported in 72% of the cohort. A cellular and humoral immunodeficiency was observed in 37% and 51% of patients, respectively. Clinical symptoms dramatically improved in patients treated with JAK inhibitors, while a variety of other immunomodulatory treatment modalities were less efficacious. Thus far, 23 patients have undergone bone marrow transplantation, with a 62% survival rate. Conclusion:: STAT3 GOF patients present with a wide array of immune-mediated disease including lymphoproliferation, autoimmune cytopenias, and multisystem autoimmunity. Patient care tends to be siloed, without a clear treatment strategy. Thus, early identification and prompt treatment implementation are lifesaving for STAT3 GOF syndrome.

Introduction The immunological paradigm Th1/Th2 predicts a negative association between autoimmune (Th1) and atopic (Th2) diseases. In contrast to the Th1/Th2 paradigm, some of the latest evidence suggests the probability of coexistence of autoimmune diseases with atopic disorders. Therefore, this trial aims to investigate the frequency of atopic disorders and metabolic conditions in patients with AS and compare them with those in control groups. Materials and methods A total of 563 AS patients (group 1) were matched in a 1:1 ratio with patients suffering from chronic low back pain due to intervertebral disc prolapse (group 2) utilizing gender and age as paired variables. Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma were investigated in all groups. Also, metabolic conditions such as hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidaemia (HPL) and hypothyroidism (HPT) were examined in all groups. Results The mean age was 42.86±11.04 years in both study groups. In all groups, 47.1% were female and 52.9% were male. The mean duration of disease was 10.51±8.93 years in the AS group. HLA-B27 was positive in 70.2% of the patients in the AS group. The adjusted odds ratios for patients with AS compared to controls were 1.47 (1.20–1.80) for AD, 1.76 (1.60–1.95) for AR, and 1.79 (1.57–2.05) for asthma. The adjusted odds ratios for patients with AS compared to controls were 1.09 (95% CI 0.87–1.38) for HT, 1.03 (95% CI 0.76–1.39) for DM, 1.22 (95% CI 0.80–1.87) for HPL, and 1.62 (95% CI 1.04–2.54) for HPT. There was a statistically significant distinction between groups, and the frequency of AD, AR, asthma and HPT was higher in patients with AS compared with the control group (p Conclusion According to the findings of this study, which are compatible with the literature, patients with AS have an increased frequency of atopic diseases as well as hypothyroidism. The tissue injury resulting from chronic inflammation in AS patients could be related to atopic disorders and hypothyroidism. In other words, the pathogenic pathways causing chronic inflammation in these diseases may interfere with each other.

The inadequacy of natural aquaculture stocks to meet the protein needs of the increasing population of today led to an increase in the importance assigned to aquaculture. The fight against infectious diseases that cause financial losses in production is gaining importance everyday while the amount of aquacultural production and stocks increases as well. Antibiotics are used to prevent diseases and promote growth. The official prohibition of the use of antibiotics as growth stimulators by the European Union as of 01 January 2006, made it compulsory to use natural additives in animal nutrition. In this review, studies on the effects of medicinal plants that were used as natural additives in the aquaculture sector in Turkey in the last 10 years on the growth performance of fish were evaluated.

Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive neuromuscular degeneration, seizure, dystonia, weak muscles, cardiomyopathy, hemolytic anemia, and death in early childhood. In the glycolytic pathway, dihydroxy acetone phosphate (DHAP) is converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by an enzymatic reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by the TPI enzyme. In TPI deficiency, erythrocyte viability is reduced due to insufficient anaerobic respiration and DHAP accumulation causes toxic effects on cells. A 2-month-old boy initially presented with infection and moderate anemia. Respiratory distress and neurological symptoms developed shortly thereafter. He was followed up with a mechanical ventilator for a long time. A homozygous pathogenic variant in the TPI1 gene was detected in the genetic analysis performed due to the progressive neurodegeneration and the need of intermittent erythrocyte transfusion in the follow-up. Here, an infant case with triosephosphate isomerase enzyme deficiency is presented.

© 2022Background: Sitosterolemia, also known as phytosterolemia, results from increased intestinal absorption of plant sterols and decreased intestinal and biliary excretion of sterols, resulting in increased levels of plant sterols in the plasma. The most common symptoms include xanthomas, premature atherosclerosis, hemolytic anemia and macrothrombocytopenia, however delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis also occur. Patient and methods: Clinical exome sequencing was performed on a 10-year-old boy whom we followed up with signs of pancytopenia accompanied by macrothrombocytopenia and stomatocytosis. In addition, the blood sterol levels of the patient and his family were studied. Results: A novel homozygous c.904 + 5G > C intronic variant was detected in ABCG5 gene in index case. The mother and father were identified as carriers. The blood plant sterol levels of the patient and his family were studied, and the levels in the patient confirmed Sitosterolemia. Sitosterol levels decreased dramatically with restricted diet and ezetimibe treatment. Conclusion: In children, signs of Sitosterolemia may be subtle and the only symptom may be hematological. Therefore, Sitosterolemia should be kept in mind in children with stomatocytosis and macrothrombocytopenia.

Mortality in children with kidney failure is higher in girls than boys with cardiovascular complications representing the most common causes of death. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of vascular stiffness, predicts cardiovascular mortality in adults. Here, PWV in children with kidney failure undergoing kidney replacement therapy was investigated to determine sex differences and potential contributing factors. Two-hundred thirty-five children (80 girls; 34%) undergoing transplantation (150 pre-emptive, 85 with prior dialysis) having at least one PWV measurement pre-and/or post-transplantation from a prospective cohort were analyzed. Longitudinal analyses (median/maximum followup time of 6/9 years) were performed for PWV z-scores (PWVz) using linear mixed regression models and further stratified by the categories of time: pre-kidney replacement therapy and post-transplantation. PWVz significantly increased by 0.094 per year and was significantly higher in girls (PWVz + 0.295) compared to boys, independent of the underlying kidney disease. During pre-kidney replacement therapy, an average estimated GFR decline of 4 ml/min/1.73 m(2) per year was associated with a PWVz increase of 0.16 in girls only. Higher diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein were independently associated with higher PWVz during pre-kidney replacement therapy in both sexes. In girls post-transplantation, an estimated GFR decline of 4ml/min/1.73m(2) per year pre-kidney replacement therapy and a longer time (over 12 months) to transplantation were significantly associated with higher PWVz of 0.22 and of 0.57, respectively. PWVz increased further after transplantation and was positively associated with time on dialysis and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. Thus, our findings demonstrate that girls with advanced chronic kidney disease are more susceptible to develop vascular stiffening compared to boys, this difference persist after transplantation and might contribute to higher mortality rates seen in girls with kidney failure., German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01EO0802]; European Renal Association -European Dialysis and Transplant Association; Roche Organ Transplant Research Foundation [365520785], This study was made possible by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (#01EO0802), the European Renal Association -European Dialysis and Transplant Association (www.eraedta.org), and Roche Organ Transplant Research Foundation (#365520785). Several coauthors are members of the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network (ERKNet). This study has been presented as an abstract at the TTS (The Transplantation Society) 2020 Virtual Congress on September 14, 2020.

In the present study, structural and bio-technical features of marine fish aquaculture businesses in Ordu and Trabzon. Questionnaires based on the complete count method were applied to a total of 13 businesses (5 in Ordu and 8 in Trabzon) and original data were obtained. Based on the data obtained, the average feed conversion ratios of the net cage businesses in Ordu were calculated as 2.01, 1.52 and 2.70 for sea bass, rainbow trout and sharpsnout seabream, respectively, while those of the businesses in Trabzon were calculated as 2.09 and 1.53 for sea bass and rainbow trout, respectively. It was determined that all of the businesses in Ordu engaged in sharpsnout seabream breeding while only two businesses in Trabzon did so. The average harvest weight was determined as 350-500 g for sea bass, 500-1000 g for rainbow trout and 250-350 g for sharpsnout seabream. It was determined that Vibriosis, Yersiniosis, Pasteurellosis and Aeromonas infections were observed in the businesses. In comparison with those in Trabzon, the businesses in Ordu were found to have high mortality rates for rainbow trout and low mortality rates for sea bass. It was also determined that the businesses in Ordu were more equipped. In light of the data obtained, it can be said that in order for businesses to operate more efficiently and to eliminate the problems encountered, it is necessary to establish hatcheries, disease diagnosis laboratories and handling facilities in the region while working towards increasing market demand and organization., Bu çalışmada, Ordu ve Trabzon illerinde deniz balığı yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin yapısal ve biyo-teknik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ordu ilinde 5 işletme Trabzon ilinde 8 işletme olmak üzere toplam 13 işletmeye tam sayım yöntemine göre anket uygulanarak orijinal veriler alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, Ordu’daki ağ kafes işletmelerinin ortalama yem dönüşüm oranları levrek, gökkuşağı alabalığı ve sivriburun karagöz balığında sırasıyla; 2.01, 1.52 ve 2.70, Trabzon’daki işletmelerde ise levrek ve alabalık için sırasıyla 2.09 ve 1.53 bulunmuştur. Ordu’da sivriburun karagöz balığı yetiştiriciliğini işletmelerin tamamının, Trabzon’da ise sadece iki işletmenin yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Ortalama hasat ağırlığı levrekte 350-500 g, alabalıkta 500-1000 g ve sivriburun karagöz balığında 250-350 g olarak tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde Vibriyozis, Yersiniozis ve Pastörellozis ve Aeromonas enfeksiyonları görüldüğü saptanmıştır. Ordu’daki işletmelerde Trabzon’a göre ölüm oranı değerlerinin alabalıkta yüksek, levrek balığında ise düşük olduğu, araç-gereç ve yapısal birimler bakımından ise Ordu’daki işletmelerin daha donanımlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında işletmelerin daha verimli çalışması ve sorunların giderilmesi için bölgede kuluçkahane, hastalık teşhis laboratuvarı ve işleme tesisi kurulmalı, örgütlenme ve pazar talebinin artmasına yönelik çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 dönemindeki evli bireylerin evlilik uyumları, çatışma çözme becerileri ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek ve bu ilişkiden meydana getirilen modelin sınanmasıdır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye' nin çeşitli şehirlerinde yaşamakta olan 295 kadın ve 205 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 500 evli birey oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Evlilik Uyumu Ölçeği, Çatışma Çözme Becerileri Ölçeği ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli veri analizi için SPSS Statistic 25 paket programı ve Jamovi paketinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Covid-19 dönemindeki evli bireylerin evlilik uyum düzeyleri ve çatışma çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişkide sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeyinin aracı bir role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Evli bireylerin çatışma beceri düzeyleri ve sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Çatışma çözme becerilerinin doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etki ettiği evlilik uyumunu düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sosyal medya bağımlılık düzeyleri ile evlilik uyum düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür.

Aim: Neuroblastoma is a tumor with a high mortality rate originating from primitive sympathetic ganglion cells. In recent years, the definition of "ultra high-risk" has been used, in which the response to treatment is added in addition to the disease characteristics. In this study, the results of tandem high-dose Iodine 131 (131I) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and tandem autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients who were diagnosed as refractory after first-line treatments and considered with ultra-high risk nöroblastom (NBL) in Erciyes University Medical Faculty Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Center were shared. Material and Method: Eleven patients who underwent tandem MIBG and autologous HSCT with the diagnosis of refractory/ultra high-risk NBL between 2011 and 2021 were included in the study. Patient's data were obtained retrospectively using an electronic or manuscript medical record. Results: Tandem autologous HSCT and MIBG treatment were applied to 11 patients with a median age of 40.5 months who were diagnosed with refractory/ultra high-risk neuroblastoma. In our study, the overall survival rate was 54.5% and event-free survival (EFS) was 39% at a median follow-up of 20.7 (7.8-105.6) months. Of the 6 surviving patients, 4 are followed in complete remission and 2 in partial remission. Conclusion: Our study is the only study that includes a group of patients who received tandem high-dose MIBG and tandem autologous HSCT transplantation in refractory NBL patients without cytokine and immunotherapy. Tandem transplantation and MIBG therapy in ultra-high-risk NBL cases remain promising with acceptable toxicity. Adding immunotherapy to this treatment protocol and combining it with new treatment modalities such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which also takes into account genetic characteristics, may increase survival and event-free survival rates.

Aim: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) constitutes 40% of childhood lymphomas and approximately 6% of all childhood cancers. It is tried to achieve cure with combined treatment modalities consisting of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and new treatment agents such as nivolumab. Radiotherapy-related infertility, secondary cancer, thyroid dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, and local skin reactions can be seen in the pediatric age group with a long life expectancy. In this article, pediatric patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma without the use of radiotherapy in the treatment were evaluated retrospectively and the survival results were reported as a single-center experience. Material and Method: The patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Pediatrics Hematology-Oncology Center at Erciyes University between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in the study and the data of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: In 68 pediatric patients with a mean age of 10.7 (±4.6) years, the male/female ratio was 1.3. The most detected finding at the time of diagnosis was cervical lymphadenopathy (83.8%). The most common mixed cellular subtype was identified (48.5%). Stage I-II disease was observed in 38.3% of the patients, and stage III-IV disease was observed in 61.7% of the patients. The median follow-up period of the patients was 61 (range, 8.3-161.6) months. Disease-free survival and overall survival were 85.3% and 94.1%, respectively. Treatment modalities to be used in this disease group, which has a high chance of cure after cytotoxic treatment, should be selected considering treatment-related long-term complications. Conclusion: Acceptable good results obtained without radiotherapy are satisfactory and the chance of curative success will increase with the addition of new target agents to the treatment.

Aim: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by the production of antibodies directed against red blood cells. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, hematologic and biochemical profiles, treatment modalities, underlying diseases and outcomes in children suffering from AIHA. Material and Method: In a retrospectively manner, we consecutively recrutied 62 children (aged 1 month-18 years) with AIHA who had been followed in Erciyes University Child Hospital between January, 2000 and November, 2017. Results: The mean age at time of diagnosis was 61.9±51.9 months (range:1-192) in 62 children including 28 girls and 34 boys. The most common complaints included fatigue and fever while the most common findings were jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. In 22 children (35.4%), there was a comorbid, active, non-specific infection (upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, urinary tract infection). At time of diagnosis, mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 6.9±2.5 g/dL (range: 5-9). The glucocorticoid therapy was given in majority of the patients while no medical treatment was given to 4 patients. Of the patients with primary AIHA, 6 patients were unresponsive to the treatment while one patient responded partially. It was found that there were underlying risk factors in 36 patients with secondary AIHA, as immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders being the most common risk factors. Conclusion: The immunodeficiencies were highly prevalent in children included. By advance of whole exome sequencing technology, we believe that primary immunodeficiencies was the most common underlying disease in our study detected quite high in presented children.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), is a chronic movement disorder, characterized by an urge or need to move the limbs, usually associated with uncomfortable sensations in the legs and sleep disorders. Two clinical forms of RLS are described in general: primary and secondary. Although primary RLS has a familial component, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood but seems to be related to abnormalities in the dopaminergic pathways of the central nervous system. The secondary form of the syndrome is associated with iron deficiency, renal failure, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, and many rheumatologic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren’s syndrome. In a few clinical trials, an increased frequency of RLS has been reported in patients with spondyloarthritis. In this report, it is presented a case of coexistence spondyloarthritis and RLS showing satisfactory improvement with conservative treatment additionally adding naproxen. Anemia of chronic disease occurring in rheumatic diseases and associated iron deficiency may contribute to the development of RLS.

Background and aim: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent malignant disorder in childhood. CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Soluble CD40 (sCD40) was previously found to be associated with poor prognosis in adult patients with hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. Experience in children, however, is rather limited. The present study aimed to investigate the significance of sCD40 and sCD40 ligand in children with ALL. Materials and Method: This study recruited 44 children treated at Erciyes University, Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology between February 2008 and February 2010. We investigated the relationship between sCD40/sCD40 ligand at the diagnosis and remission during continuation phase with the prognosis of children with ALL. We also considered the data on treatment response, relapse, and outcome. Findings: The participating patients (20 girls and 25 boys) were between 22 months - 18 years (mean 7.6 ± 4.6 years) and had leukocytes at diagnosis between 870 - 741,660/mm3 (median 15,150/mm3). Thirty-five patients were diagnosed with B, whereas nine were diagnosed with T phenotype. In this cohort, 13 patients were classified in the standard-risk (SR) group, 20 patients were put in the intermediate-risk (IR) group, and 11 patients were categorized in the (HR) group according to the Turkish Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Berlin Frankfurt Munich (TR-ALL BFM) protocol. The serum levels of CD40/CD40 ligand at diagnosis were 22.41±9.91 ng/ml and 15.17±5.49 ng/ml, respectively, whereas these levels at remission were 0.22±0.38 ng/ml and 1.04±0.51 ng/ml, respectively. We detected significant changes in CD40 and CD40 ligand levels (p = 0.008 and p

Objective The aim of this study was to translate the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) into the Turkish language and assess its reliability and validity among patients with neck pain in the Turkish population. Methods One hundred subjects (67 female, 33 male) who had chronic neck pain for at least 3 months were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the NPQ, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) on the day of admission, and one week later. The test-retest and internal consistency analyses were applied for the assessment of reliability. The test-retest analysis were assessed by using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) method (95% confidence interval). The value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for internal consistency. Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis was used for convergent validity. Results The mean age was 46.68 ± 12.11 years in the study. The NPQ had a good internal consistency (Cronbach alfa = 0.704) and excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.995). Spearman’s correlation coefficient of the NPQ with the NDI was calculated at 0.648 and Spearman’s correlation coefficient of the NPQ with the NPDS was calculated at 0.811. These results showed that the NPQ is very good correlated with the NDI and the NPDS (p

Objective: Magnesium (Mg) is mandatory for sustaining numerous physiological cellular functions. The study’s goal was to define whether the Mg level could affect the level of vitamin D, bone mineral densitometry (BMD), chronic diseases and radiological stage in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: 98 patients (62 female, 36 male) with a diagnosis of at least grade 1 knee OA were included in the study. Data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, menopausal status, duration of menopause, family history of osteoporosis, the presence of chronic diseases (hypertension=HT, diabetes mellitus=DM, hyperlipidemia=HPL, coronary artery disease=CAD, hypothyroidism=HPT) and radiological stage of knee OA were collected. The serum Ca, Mg, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PTH and 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were recorded. In addition, whole patients performed anteroposterior radiography of the knee by using X-Ray, and BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) by using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The presence of osteoporosis was accepted as T scores ≤ -2.5. Results: The mean age was 59.15±10.58 years in the study. A statistically significant relationship was found between the level of Mg and age, smoking, presence of chronic disease, duration of menopause, vitamin D level, PTH level, and femoral neck T score (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Mg appears to be a useful effect on the organizing of vitamin D and PTH metabolism, osteoporosis and various chronic diseases. Future trials are needed to explore the link between Mg and knee OA.