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Bu çalışmada; sığır solunum yolu hastalıkları tedavisinde kullanılan tildipirosinin, sığır trakea epitel hücresi üzerinde in vitro yara iyileşmesi etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. In vitro yara yöntemi ile her kuyucuğa ekilmiş olan sığır trakea epitel hücreleri üzerinde, 200 μL’lik pipet ucu (dikey) aracılığıyla bir yara alanı oluşturuldu. In vitro yara oluşturulmuş sığır trakea epitel hücreleri üzerine tildipirosinin konsantrasyonları (5 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL) ve kontrol grubu uygulandı. In vitro yara görüntüleri; 0’ıncı saat, 24’üncü saat ve 48’inci saatte izlendi. Çalışmanın 24’üncü saatinde yara alanı kapanma yüzdesi, kontrol grubuna kıyasla; tildipirosinin 50 μg/mL konsantrasyonda istatistiki olarak önemli fark bulunamazken 5, 10 ve 25 μg/mL konsantrasyonlarında istatistiki olarak fark anlamlı bulundu. Çalışmanın 48’inci saatinde, kontrol grubuna kıyasla 25 ve 50 μg/mL tildipirosin konsantrasyonları arasında istatistiki olarak önemli fark bulunamazken, 5 μg/mL (%96,61±1,69) ve 10 μg/mL (%96,42±1,78) tildipirosin konsantrasyonları arasında yara alanı kapanma yüzdeleri arasında istatistiki olarak fark anlamlı bulundu. Sonuç olarak tildipirosinin düşük konsantrasyonlarındaki yara iyileşme yüzdelerinin (48’inci saat) yaklaşık olarak %96 olması, hastalıkların tedavisine ek olarak çeşitli mikroorganizma ve maddeler tarafından epitel hücrelerinde meydana gelen hasarlara karşı doku bütünlüğünü koruma ve tedaviye katkı sağlayabilir.

The organic substances in drinking water should be at a level that will not harm human and animal health. This study was carried out with the aim of determining the levels of some inorganic substances (nitrite, nitrate, ammonium) in the water taken from 59 cattle farms within the borders of Kırıkkale Province and to have an idea whether they are at a level that will have a positive or negative effect on the health of the animals consuming these materials. The analyses were performed by ion chromatography device. The average values determined were as follows: nitrite was found in 2 (3.39%) samples with an average of 1.64±1.61 ppm, nitrate was found in 59 (100%) samples with the average value of 42.35±38.87 ppm, and ammonium was found in 3 (%5.08) samples with an average value of 22.86±12.38 ppm. Levels for nitrite were in the range of 0.50-2.79 ppm, and 2 (%3.39) samples exceed the level of 0.5 ppm. No sample exceed the level of 10 ppm which can pose a risk for animals. In 19 (32.20%) of the 59 samples nitrate level exceeded the level of 50 ppm, in 7 (11.86%) samples nitrate levels exceed the level of 100 ppm which is the recommended limit level for animals, and in 5 (8.47%) samples nitrate level exceeded the level of 125 ppm which may pose a risk of chronic poisoning in animals. For ammonium 3 samples (5.08%) exceeded the 0.5 ppm. As a result, it is suggested to monitor the water consumed by animals in order to increase the economic status of livestock enterprises., İçme suyundaki organik maddelerin insan ve hayvan sağlığı açısından zarar vermeyecek düzeyde olması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Kırıkkale İli sınırları içerisindeki 59 büyükbaş hayvan işletmesinden temin edilen sularda, bazı inorganik maddelerin (nitrat, nitrit, amonyum) seviyelerinin belirlenmesi ve bu materyalleri tüketen hayvanların sağlığına olumlu veya olumsuz etki yapacak düzeyde olup olmadıkları konusunda fikir sahibi olabilmek amaçlanarak yapılmıştır. Numunelerin analizinde iyon kromatografi cihazı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarında tespit edilen ortalama değerler; nitrit için 2 numune (%3,39) pozitif 1,64±1,61 ppm, nitrat için 59 numune(%100) pozitif 42,35±38,87 ppm ve amonyum için 3 numune (%5,08) pozitif 22,86±12,38 ppm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nitrit için değerler sularda 0,50-2,79 ppm aralığında olup 2 numune (%3,39) 0,5 ppm düzeyini aşmıştır. Hiçbir değer 10 ppm düzeyini aşmamıştır. Nitrat yönünden toplanan 59 su numunesinin 19’u (%32,20) içme suyu için belirlenen 50 ppm, 7 su numunesi (%11,86) hayvanlar için limit değer olarak önerilen 100 ppm, 5 su numunesi (%8,47) ise hayvanlar için kronik zehirlenme oluşturan 125 ppm sınır değerini aşmıştır. Toplanan su numunelerinden 3 (%5,08) adedinde amonyum 0,5 ppm düzeyini aşmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hayvanlar tarafından tüketilen suların hayvancılık işletmelerinin ekonomik düzeyini artırması amacıyla kontrol altında tutulması uygun olacaktır.

KABAKCI, Ruhi/0000-0001-9131-0933 WOS: 000469907300004 PubMed: 30967318 Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of many plastic products, such as packaging, containers, and water and beverage bottles. There are deleterious effects of BPA on metabolic, endocrine, nervous, and reproductive systems. This is the first study in which there was investigation of the in vitro effect of BPA on the spontaneous contractions of the cat uterus. The tubal uterine segments (1 cm) collected from queens in estrus were suspended in an isolated organ bath. Following tissue stabilization, spontaneous contractions were recorded for 10 min to constitute the control group. The effects of the solvent (alcohol) and BPA at different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mu M) on uterine contractions were subsequently evaluated at 10 min intervals in terms of frequency and mean amplitude variables. The ethanol vehicle did not alter the uterine contractions compared to the control group. All concentrations of BPA used in the study resulted in a reduction (P < 0.05) in amplitude of uterine contractions in a dose-dependent manner, while only the largest dose of BPA decreased the frequency of contractions (P < 0.05). In reproductive physiology, regular uterine contractions facilitate successful fertilization, migration, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy, as well as fetus expulsion. The results of this study indicate BPA has an inhibitory effect on spontaneous contractions of the cat uterus. It is proposed that this suppressive effect of BPA on uterine contractions might lead to queen infertility.

Bu çalışmanın amacı sakaroz, sorbitol ve glikozun yer aldığı üç farklı karbonhidrat formülasyonu kullanarak renklendirilmiş sert şeker üretmektir. Bu kapsamda, siyah havuç konsantresi (SHK) katkılı ve katkısız olarak altı farklı sert şeker %100 sakaroz, %76 sakaroz + %24 sorbitol, %76 sakaroz + %24 glikoz olarak formüle edilerek üretilmiş ve bu ürünlerin renk, karbonhidrat kompozisyonu, camsı geçiş, higroskopite ile duyusal özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek higroskopite değerlerinin sorbitolün yer aldığı formülasyonlara ait olduğu tespit edilmiş ve SHK kullanımı tüm formülasyonlarda SHK katkısızlara kıyasla sert şekerlerin higroskopitelerinin önemli ölçüde azalmasını sağlamıştır (P

This study was conducted to examine the effects of garlic (G), black cumin (BC) and G+BC within the broiler rations, on performance, relative organ weights, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry and plasma total oxidant/ antioxidant status. Two hundred broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used and they were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 subgroups of 10 animals each. The trial was ended on the 35th day. No addition was made to the control group ration. 5g / kg garlic (G), 5g / kg black cumin (BC) and 5g / kg G + 5g / kg BC were added to the experimental group rations, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the trial groups in terms of BWG, FI, FCR and relative organ weights (p>0.05). Serum total protein (p

Pathogenic bacteria that have the ability to enter and multiply in the cell, cause a large number of diseases. In order to obtain efficient results from the antibiotics used in the treatment of these diseases, intracellular pharmacokinetic values should be taken into consideration as well as plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. Thus, drugs used in treatment of diseases caused by intracellular pathogens have to accumulate intracellulary in adequate concentration and time while maintaining their antibacterial activity. However, intracellular pH affects the activity of the antibiotics. If the intracellular pH is below 6, some antibiotics retain their antibacterial activity, while others lose it. In this review, the aim is to give information about the intracellular pharmacokinetic properties of antibiotics used in the treatment of diseases caused by intracellular pathogenic bacteria., Hücre içine girebilme ve çoğalabilme kabiliyetine sahip olan patojen bakteriler; çok sayıda hastalığa neden olmaktadır. Bu hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan antibiyotiklerden verimli sonuçlar elde edilebilmesi için, plazma farmakokinetik parametreleri yanında hücre içi farmakokinetik değerler de dikkate alınmalıdır. Çünkü hücre içi bu patojen bakterilerin neden olduğu hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılacak ilacın, uygun hücre içi bölümde birikmesi, antibakteriyel özelliğini muhafaza etmesi, hücre içinde yeterli konsantrasyon ve sürede bulunması gerekmektedir. Ancak hücre içi pH değeri, antibiyotiklerin etkinliğini etkilemektedir. Hücre içi pH değeri 6’nın altındaki değerlerde olursa; bazı antibiyotikler antibakteriyel etkinliğini korurken, bazıları ise kaybetmektedir. Bu derlemede, hücre içi patojen bakterilerin neden olduğu hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan antibiyotiklerin, hücre içi farmakokinetik özellikleri hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Bu çalışmada; sığır solunum yolu hastalıklarında yaygın olarak kullanılan gamitromisin ve tulatromisinin, erkek Simental ırkı sığır trakea düz kası üzerine etkilerinin izole organ banyosunda araştırılması ve bu iki makrolid antibiyotiğin etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. İlk protokolde gamitromisin ve tulatromisin 10-7- 3×10-5 M derişimlerinde tek başına, trakea düz kası üzerine etkisiz olduğu bulundu. İkinci protokolde; 20 dakika 3×10-5 M gamitromisin veya tulatromisin ile inkübe edilen trakea düz kası üzerine kümülatif ACh (10-8-10-3 M) derişimleri uygulandı, elde edilen pD2 ve Emax değerleri arasında fark bulunamadı. Üçüncü protokolde; 65mM KCl ile ön kasılma oluşturulan trakea düz kası üzerine uygulanan gamitromisin ve tulatromisin (10-10-10-5 M) derişimlerinde bir fark bulunamadı. Asetilkolin EC85 ( 2,3×10-4 M) değeriyle ön kasılma oluşturulan trakea düz kası üzerine gamitromisin ve tulatromisinin etkilerinin araştırıldığı dördüncü protokolde; tulatromisinin (10-10-10-5 M) derişimlerinde kasılma veya gevşeme yanıtı oluşmadı. Buna karşın gamitromisinin 10-7 M (%5.45±1.13) ve 10-6 M (%8.51±1.69) derişimlerinde, kontrole göre istatistiksel olarak gevşeme cevapları tespit edildi (p

Yildirim, Ebru/0000-0002-6289-0729; Kabakci, Ruhi/0000-0001-9131-0933; Elifoglu, Taha Burak/0000-0002-2302-6321 WOS:000560988800020 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in various products such as PVC-derived plastics, toys, packaging materials, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DEHP on spontaneous contractions of the feline uterus in vitro. Tubal 1-cm uterine samples prepared from 10, 9, and 12 uteri obtained from adult cats in estrus (n = 5), diestrus (n = 5), and interestrus (n = 5), respectively, after ovariohysterectomy were suspended in an isolated organ bath in aerated Krebs solution at 39 +/- 1 degrees C, and an initial 1 g tension was given. After 1 h equilibration of tissues, the spontaneous contractions were recorded for 10 min as control. The effects of solvent and DEHP (0.001-100 mu M) on contractions were then evaluated in terms of frequency and mean amplitude parameters. It was observed that DEHP had no effect on uterine contractions of cats in interestrus. However, DEHP significantly increased the mean amplitude of uterine contractions during the estrus and diestrus periods at concentrations of 1 mu M and 10 mu M, respectively, depending on the dose (P < 0.05). Decreases in the frequency of the contractions in the estrus and diestrus periods were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 'this study, carried out for the first time in cats, showed that DEHP has a stimulatory effect on uterine contractions. We concluded that disruption of the uterine contractions, which are essential for physiological reproductive processes such as regular estrous cycles, sperm and zygote transport, implantation and continuation of pregnancy, by DEHP exposure may cause many reproductive problems.

WOS: 000446972000027 PubMed: 29549531 We evaluated the effects of dietary epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the performance, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathology of fluoride-intoxicated broiler chickens. In total, 160 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross PM3 strain) were collected and assigned to four groups (40 animals each), with four replicates. The control group received a basal diet; the F group received 800mg/kg fluoride; the EGCG group received 400mg/kg EGCG; and the EGCG+F group received 400mg/kg EGCG and 800mg/kg fluoride. The live weight (LW) of F-treated chicks was significantly lower than that of the controls. In the F-treated groups, feed intake (FI) and LW values were lower, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher than those of the controls. The ratio of heart weight to LW was found to be the highest in the F-treated groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the F-treated groups were significantly higher, whereas the increase in total cholesterol levels was insignificant than those in the control group. In the EGCG+F group, AST, total cholesterol, and TOS levels decreased to a level comparable to those in the control group. Histopathological evaluation revealed that there were mild changes in the portal region in the EGCG+F group; additionally, there was an improvement in liver morphology in the EGCG+F group compared to that in the F group. Thus, EGCG has potent antioxidant and regenerative effects that can ameliorate the detrimental effects of fluoride toxicity on blood parameters and the liver. Scientific Research Fund in the University of KirikkaleKirikkale University [2014/126] This research was supported by the Scientific Research Fund in the University of Kirikkale (Project No: 2014/126).

In this study, 20 fish taken from Sapanca Lake, Sakarya River and Western Black Sea (Karasu) in total and heavy metal accumulation (Cu, Fe abd Zn) in the muscles of 15 species was determined with ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectometer) device. When the results were examined, Cu, Fe and Zn concentration was determined to be 2.60-5.31 mu g/g, 0.25-54.36 mu g/g and 13.66-47.11 mu g/g respectively in fish samples. In addition, the same procedures were applied with the standard reference material DORM-3 reference material (Fish Protein Certified Reference Material for Trace Metals) to determine the accuracy of the method. As a result, it has been determined that the amount of heavy metals contained in the analyzed fish samples is below the limit values provided by the Turkish Food Codex, Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization and therefore consumption of these does not constitute a threat to health.

KISA, Ucler/0000-0002-8131-6810; WOS: 000334500000008 PubMed: 24615553 This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes. Kirikkale University Research FundKirikkale University [2008/40] Financial support for this Project (Project No. 2008/40) was provided by the Kirikkale University Research Fund.

WOS: 000339740200001 PubMed: 25136602 This study investigated the effects of cocoa butter and sunflower oil alone and in combination on performance, some biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and antioxidant vitamin status in Wistar rats. Forty-eight male rats were assigned to four groups, consisting of 12 rats with 3 replicates. Control received balanced rat diet without oil, cocoa butter group received 3.5% cocoa butter, sunflower oil group received 3.5% sunflower oil, the last group received 1.75% sunflower oil + 1.75% cocoa butter supplementation in the rat diet for 8 weeks. The total feed consumption in sunflower oil group was statistically lower than in the other groups. The serum creatinine level was decreased in cocoa butter group compared to control. Triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels were decreased in only sunflower oil and only cocoa butter groups as compared to control. The level of Ig M was statistically lower in cocoa butter and cocoa butter + sunflower oil groups than in control and sunflower oil groups. There were no statistically important difference in vitamin concentrations among trial groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of cocoa butter in diet decreased Ig M level, while the supplementation of cocoa butter and sunflower oil alone decreased the triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels. Kirikkale University Scientific Research Coordination UnitKirikkale University [2009/7] This study was supported by Kirikkale University Scientific Research Coordination Unit (Project no. 2009/7). This study was presented as an abstract at the 3rd National Congress of Laboratory Animal Science, Kayseri, September 26-28, 2013.

WOS: 000374105800006 The aim of this study was to determine the effects of seasonal variations on the occurrence of total aflatoxin (AFTotal), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and total fumonisin (FTotal) in the commercially mixed ruminant feed obtained from feed mills located in Ankara, Kirikkale, Cankiri, Corum, and Kirsehir provinces using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method. To represent the annual production, 22 samples were collected every quarter over 1 year (a total of 88 samples) starting in September 2012. AFTotal and AFB1 were detected in 72 samples (81.81%), OTA in 84 samples (95.45%), and FTotal in 83 samples (94.31%). When seasonal changes were taken into consideration, the highest levels of AFTotal, AFB1, and FTotal (13.57 +/- 8.78 ppb, 8.54 +/- 6.02 ppb, and 0.70 +/- 0.88 ppm, respectively) were found in the summer, while the highest OTA level (57.69 +/- 14.59 ppb) was observed in the spring. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography methods confirmed the results of the ELISA method. Consequently, although most of the feed samples were contaminated with mycotoxins, all the amounts were within the limits allowed for feedstuffs in Turkey. Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Kirikkale University (KUBAP) [2012/54] This study was financially supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Kirikkale University (KUBAP No: 2012/54). A part of this study was presented at the 25th Anniversary Annual Scientific Meeting on 4 December 2014, in Geel, Belgium.

PubMed: 18819556 The aim of this study is to determine the effect of levamisole and levamisole-trichlorfon combination on isolated sheep trachea. Contraction was achieved with levamisole concentrations (10-8-10-3 M) on tracheal strips of adult sheep (>1 year of age). Pretreatment with trichlorfon (10-7 M)-levamisole (10-7 M) decreased the pD2 and Emax of Ach when compared to levamisole pretreatment (p?0.01). Pretreatment with levamisole (10-7 M), decreased the Emax (p?0.01) and pD2 (p

WOS: 000357000800002, Veterinary drug residues and their metabolites in food are regularly investigated by local authorities; however their fate in the environment is still unknown. Despite the importance of the aquaculture industry and the widespread use of antibiotics; limited scientific information regarding their residue in natural fish, sediment and sea water are available in TURKEY. The current study; which is the first study in this area, was undertaken to determine the oxytetracycline (OTC), ivermectin (IVM) and emamectin benzoate (EMA) residues from samples of wild fishes (Oblada melanura, Mullus barbatus), sea water and sediment collected in four different months, caught around the fish cages near Salihli Island in Bodrum, Aegean Sea. Samples were analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) followed by the validation for each matrix. No residues were found to be above the Limit of detection (LOD) levels of the validated methods in the screened samples. In order to understand the possible risk of veterinary antibiotics, especially for low dose accumulation, to the ecosystem for sustainable aquaculture, conduction of more screening analysis with expanded possible matrices would be beneficial., General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy (GDAR), Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock [TAGEM 10/AR-GE/20], This study was granted by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy (GDAR), Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock with the project number: TAGEM 10/AR-GE/20.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic pollution on some haematological parameters, lipid peroxidation and osmotic resistance of erythrocyte in cattle. In the study, totally 38 cattle, living 300 m away (study group, n = 24) and 2.5 km away from the main road (control group, n = 14), were used. Some blood parameters, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and osmotic resistance were determined in the blood samples taken from the animals. MDA levels of the study group were significantly higher (P, Bu çalışma, trafik kirliliğinin sığırlarda bazı hematolojik parametreler, lipid peroksidasyonu ve eritrosit ozmotik direnci üzerine olan etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada ana yola 300 m uzaklıkta yaşayan (araştırma grubu, n=24) ve ana yola 2.5 km uzaklıkta yaşayan (kontrol grubu, n=14) toplam 38 sığır kullanıldı. Hayvanlardan alınan kan örneklerinde bazı kan parametreleri, eritrositte lipid peroksidasyonunun bir indikatörü olan malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyi ve eritrosit ozmotik direnci belirlendi. Araştırma grubunda bulunan hayvanlarda MDA düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu (P

Piyasalar arası etkileşimleri ve asimetrik nedensellik ilişkilerini inceleyen bu çalışmada BIST100 getirileri ile Dolar/TL kuru, Altın, Ham Petrol, Altın Oynaklık Endeksi GVZ ve Ham Petrol Oynaklık Endeksi OVX getirileri arasındaki ikili ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, Doğrusal Granger Nedensellik Testi, Hiemstra ve Jones Doğrusal Olmayan Nedensellik Testi, Kyrtsou ve Labys Doğrusal Olmayan Nedensellik Testi ve Hristu-Varsakelis ve Kyrtsou Doğrusal Olmayan Asimetrik Nedensellik testleri uygulanarak ilişkilerin varlığı ve yönü incelenmiştir. Analizlerde, 01.01.2010 ile 01.01.2018 dönemlerini kapsayan 2332 adet günlük fiyat serisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre BIST100 ile bahsi geçen seriler arasında çeşitli simetrik ve asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanılmıştır., In this study the bivariate financial market interactions between BIST100 and Dolar/TL Exchange Rate, Gold, Crude Oil, Gold Volatility Index Oil Volatility Index are investigated. Linear Granger Causality Test, Hiemstra and Jones Nonlinear Causality Test, Kyrtsou and Labys Nonlinear Causality Test, and Hristu-Varsakelis and Kyrtsou Nonlinear Asymmetric Causality tests were applied to investigate the existence and direction of interactions. This study covers 2332 daily return series in the period from 01.01.2010 to 01.01.2018. Results show the existence of symmetric and asymmetric casuality between BIST100 and the series used in this study

We investigated the protective effects of resveratrol on hematological and biochemical changes induced by fluoride in rats. A total of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, resveratrol, fluoride, and fluoride/resveratrol(n=7each), for a total of 21 days of treatment. Blood samples were taken and hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Compared to the control group, the fluoride-treated group showed significant differences in several hematological parameters, including decreases in WBC, RBC, and PLT counts and neutrophil ratio. The group that received resveratrol alone showed a decrease in WBC count compared to the control group. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, the fluoride group showed significantly increased ALT enzyme activity and decreased inorganic phosphorus level. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the fluoride + resveratrol treated group were similar to control group. In the fluoride + resveratrol group, resveratrol restored the changes observed following fluoride treatment, including decreased counts of WBC, RBC, and PLT, decreased neutrophil ratio and inorganic phosphorus levels, and elevated ALT enzyme activity. The present study showed that fluoride caused adverse effects in rats and that resveratrol reduced hematological and biochemical alterations produced by fluoride exposure.

Formazans 1-14 were prepared by the coupling reaction of phenylhydrazones and diazonium salts of aniline of -NO2, -CH3, -OCH3, -I, substituted anilines. The phenylhydrazones were synthesized by condensation of benzaldehyde or methyl-4-formylbenzoate with phenylhydrazine. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR. The dependence of lambda(max) upon the type of substituents and their positions on the phenyl ring was investigated using UV-visible spectra.

Bu calisma, in vitro kosullarda kadmiyum, bakir ve kursunun follikuler ve luteal evredeki izole inek uterus kasilmalari uzerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaci ile yapildi. Calismada; Kirikkale mezbahasinda kesilen saglikli Holstein irki ineklerin myometrial seritleri kullanildi. Bu seritler, izole organ banyosuna 2 g on gerimle asildi. Spontan, 2.5 mIU/ml oksitosin ve 10-6 M prostaglandin F2 alfa (PGF2 alfa) ile olusturulan kasilmalar uzerine 10-5 M kadmiyum, 10-4 M bakir ve 10-4 M kursunun etkileri degerlendirildi. Kadmiyum, follikuler evrede oksitosin ve PGF2 alfa’nin, luteal evrede ise spontan, oksitosin ve PGF2 alfa’ nin olusturdugu kasilmalarin tum parametrelerini (maksimum ve ortalama amplitud, frekans degerleri) anlamli olarak azaltti. Bakir; follikuler evrede spontan kasilmalarin ortalama ve maksimum amplitud degerlerini, oksitosin kasilmalarinin tum parametrelerini, PGF2 alfa kasilmalarinin frekans ve maksimum amplitud degerlerini dusurdu. Luteal evrede bakir, spontan kasilmalarin maksimum amplitudunu, oksitosin kasilmalarinin frekans ve maksimum amplitudunu, PGF2 alfa kasilmalarinin ortalama ve maksimumum amplitud degerlerini dusurdu. Kursun, follikuler ve luteal evrede PGF2 alfa ve oksitosin kasilmalarinin frekans degerini azaltirken, luteal evrede spontan kasilmalarin ortalama amplitud degerini artirdi. Sonuc olarak; kadmiyum, bakir ve kursunun inek uterusunun kasilma yanitlarini degistirdigi ve buna bagli olarak fertiliteyi etkileyebilecegi kanisina varildi.

BAYDAN, Emine/0000-0001-5459-8616 WOS: 000321639000001 PubMed: 23878805 This study investigated the effect of chlorpyrifos on thoracic aorta and on the level of NO in plasma and aorta. The effect of chlorpyrifos on thoracic aorta in organ bath was determined in 10 rats. Another 45 rats were assigned to 3 groups with 15 rats each: control group 1 received distilled water, control group 2 was given corn oil, and the last group was given 13.5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos dissolved in corn oil every other day for 8 weeks orally. Chlorpyrifos (10(-10) M-10(-5) M) showed no effect on isolated thoracic aorta. Plasma AChE activity was decreased, while LDH, ALT, GGT, and AST activities were increased in chlorpyrifos group compared to control groups. Plasma NO level was increased in chlorpyrifos group compared to control groups. iNOS expression was present in all groups in the cytoplasm of the endothelia and in the smooth muscle cells of aorta. According to semiquantitative histomorphological analysis, iNOS immunopositive reactions were seen in the decreasing order in chlorpyrifos, control 2, and control 1 groups. eNOS immunopositive reactions were observed in the endothelial cell cytoplasm, rarely in the subintimal layer, and the smooth muscle cells of aorta. There were no differences among the groups in terms of eNOS immunostaining. In conclusion, chlorpyrifos induced NO production in aorta following an increase in NOS expression. Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [2007/26] This research was supported by the Kirikkale University Research Fund, Project no. 2007/26. Some parts of this study were presented as an abstract in 3rd East Mediterranean ICLAS Symposium and XV. ICLAS General Assembly, June 13-15, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey. Poster no. PB 046, pp. 84.

WOS: 000310732000007 This study was conducted to investigate the effects of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed consumption ratio (FCR), carcass yield, some relative organ weights and blood parameters. A total of 160 Ross 308 one-day old male chicks were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatment for each group consisted of: first group (control group) received basal diet without supplementation; second group received 1 g/kg Mannano ligosaccharide (MOS); third group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc (OZn); and fourth group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc + 1 g/kg Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS+OZn). The study lasted 42 days. The supplementation of MOS and OZn had no effect on the LWG, FC, FCR, carcass yield, serum aspartate aminotranferase, (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglyceride levels during the experiment (P>0.05). Relative organ weights (liver, spleen, pancreas) were significantly higher in OZn group than those in the other groups (P

WOS: 000308105200002 PubMed: 22621671 AIM: To determine the effects of Cu and levamisole on concentrations of Cu and Fe in plasma and liver, and the effects of levamisole on lipid peroxidation induced by Cu intoxication in broiler chickens. METHODS: In a 2x4 factorial study, 80 one-day-old Ross PM3 broiler chicks were fed diets for 21 days containing either 8 mg/kg Cu (Low Cu) or 250 mg/kg Cu (High Cu) and were treated with 0 (L0), 4 (L4), 8 (L8) or 16 (L16) mg/kg bodyweight levamisole per day from Day 7 of the study, on three consecutive days in their drinking water. This treatment was repeated three times, at 3-day intervals. On Day 21, blood samples were collected from each bird for analysis of concentrations of Cu, Fe and malondialdehyde, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The birds were killed and liver samples collected for analysis of Cu and Fe. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of Cu and Fe in plasma, and Cu in liver, were increased overall in the High Cu groups compared with the Low Cu groups (p

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kırıkkale ili sınırları içerisindeki bazı ruminant işletmelerinden alınan yem ve sularda inorganik maddelerin (florür, klorit, bromat, klorür, nitrit, klorat, nitrat, fosfat, sülfat, lityum, sodyum, amonyum, potasyum, magnezyum ve kalsiyum) seviyelerinin belirlenmesidir. Yem ve su numuneleri Kırıkkale ili ve ilçelerinde bulunan 59 adet büyükbaş hayvan işletmesinden temin edilmiştir. Analiz sonucu tespit edilen inorganik madde içeriklerinden ortalama değerleri, florür için suda 0,48±0,23, yemde 64,46±52,85; klorit için yemde 46,42±59,65; klorür için suda 153,48±268,74 yemde 2808,65±1985,86; nitrit için suda 1,64±1,61, yemde 3,72; klorat suda 0,81±0,09; nitrat için suda 42,35±38,87, yemde 32,65±28,96; fosfat için yemde 926,76±485,24; sülfat için suda 257,56±437,01 yemde 1261,24±821,11; lityum için suda 0,11±0,02 yemde 0,32; sodyum için suda 123,15±187,32, yemde 1125,61±791,81; amonyum için suda 22,86±12,38, yemde 514,48±477,54; potasyum için suda 8,96±26,53 yemde 5806,20±1980,87; magnezyum için suda 29,14±52,58 yemde 132,59±105,00; kalsiyum için ise suda 89,53±69,55; yemde 165,03±159,19 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Klorit, fosfat su numunelerinde, klorat yem numunelerinde, bromat hem su hem de yem numunelerinde tespit edilememiştir. Su numunelerinde florür limit değeri aşmazken, yemlerde 29 (%49,15) numunede sığırlarda flor için belirlenen 50 ppm değerini aşmıştır. Klorit 2 adet (%3,39) yem numunesinde, klorat suda 5 (%8,47), lityum suda 11 (%18,9) numune, yemde ise 1(%1,69) numunede tespit edilmiştir. Klorür suda 8 (%13,56) numunede 250 ppm değerini aşmıştır. Nitrat suda 7(%11,86) numunede 100 ppm değerini aşmıştır. Sülfat suda 3 (%5,08) numunede 1000 ppm, sodyum suda 10 (%16,94) numunede 200 ppm limit değerleri aşmıştır. Amonyum suda 3 (%5,08) adet numunede tespit edilmiştir. Nitrit suda 2 (%3,39) yemde 1 adet (%1,69) numunede saptanmış ve hayvanlar için belirlenen limit değeri aşmamıştır. Potasyum, magnezyum ve kalsiyum ise hem su ve hem yemde tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, hayvanlar tarafından tüketilen suların ve yemlerin hayvancılık işletmelerinin ekonomik yönden verim düzeyini artırması amacıyla kontrol altında tutulması uygun olacağı düşünülmüştür This study aimed to determine the levels of inorganic substances (fluoride, chlorite, bromate, chloride, nitrate, chlorate, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) in the feed and water taken from some ruminant enterprises within the borders of Kırıkkale province. The feed and water samples were obtained from 59 cattle farms in Kırıkkale. The mean values of inorganic substance contents determined as a result of the analysis were 0.48±0.23 in water, 64.46±52.85 in feed for fluoride; 46.42±59.65 in feed for chlorite; 153.48±268.74 in water and 2808.65±1985.86 in feed for chloride; 1.64±1.61 in water, 3.72 in feed for nitrite; 0.81±0.09 chlorate in water; for nitrate 42.35±38.87 in water, 32.65±28.96 in feed; 926.76±485.24 in feed for phosphate; 257.56±437.01 in water, 1261.24±821.11 in feed for sulfate; 0.11±0.02 in water, 0.32 in feed for lithium; 1125.61±791.81 in feed 123.15±187.32 in water for sodium; 22.86±12.38 in water, 514.48±477.54 in feed for ammonium; 8.96±26.53 in water 5806.20±1980.87 in feed for potassium; 29.14±52.58 in water, 132.59±105.00 in feed for magnesium; for calcium, it is 89.53±69.55 in water, it was found as 165.03±159.19 ppm in feed. In water samples chlorite and phosphate, in feed samples chlorate, and both in feed and water samples bromate could not be detected. Fluoride levels did not exceed the limit value in water samples, but it exceeded the 50 ppm value determined for fluor in cattle in 29 (49.15%) samples in feed. Chlorite was detected in 2 (3.39%) feed samples, chlorate was found in 5 (8.47%) water samples, lithium was found in 11 (18.9%) water samples, and in 1 (1.69%) feed samples. Chloride level exceeded the level of 250 ppm in 8 (% 13.56) water samples. Nitrate exceeded 100 ppm in 7 (11.86%) water samples. Sulfate exceeded the limit values of 1000 ppm in 3 (5.08%) water samples and sodium levels were above 200 ppm in 10 (16.94%) water samples. Ammonium was detected in 3 (5.08%) water samples. Nitrite was detected in 2 (3.39%) water and 1 (1.69%) in the feed sample and these levels did not exceed the limit value determined for animals. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium were detected in both water and feed. As a result, it would be appropriate to keep the water and feed consumed by animals under control in order to increase the economic efficiency of livestock enterprises.