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Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent modality for pelvic imaging. The anatomy of uterine cavity and vagina is optimally evaluated when the walls, which may spontaneously be collapsed, are distended. Distension of these cavities during pelvic MRI for evaluation of gynecologic diseases has been conducted with vagina, filled with ultrasound gel or saline solution. In this meta-analysis, we aim to assess the effectiveness of vaginal contrast media in MRI for improving the detection of pelvic pathologies. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched through March 2019 for studies of the accuracy of MRI using vaginal contrast media in the diagnosis and staging of pelvic pathologies. Four eligible studies of a total of 120 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The sensitivity rates and relative risk for MRI, before and after vaginal contrast medium administration, were pooled, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. Results The pooled sensitivity rate for MRI before administering intravaginal contrast medium in detecting pelvic pathologies was 63% (95% CI, 54%-72%), and that after was 89% (95% CI, 83%-93%). The interstudy heterogeneity rate (assessed using the I statistic) was relatively low: 13% (P = 0.33) and 0% (P = 0.45) before and after vaginal contrast medium use, respectively. The average relative risk was 1.54 (SD, 0.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.89; median, 1.50; range, 1.34-1.80). This demonstrated that, on average, the sensitivity rate for MRI in detecting pelvic disorders increased by 54% after the use of a vaginal contrast medium. Conclusions Use of vaginal contrast media improved the diagnostic ability of MRI in identifying pelvic pathologies.

Purpose We aimed to investigate the frequency of incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI) and the hippocampal infolding angle (HIA) in pediatric patients with no additional abnormal findings in the brain. Methods Pediatric brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations conducted between September 2012 and February 2015 were screened and 83 patients with epilepsy, 49 patients with febrile convulsion, and 74 control patients were included in this retrospective study. Presence of IHI was evaluated and HIA was measured on MRI. Results IHI was found in 23 patients in the epilepsy group (27.7%), 15 patients in the febrile convulsion group (30.6%), and 14 patients in the control group (19.0%), with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.27). Compared with the epilepsy and febrile convulsion groups, HIA was significantly larger in the control group in sections of the right cerebral pedincule, the left cerebral pedincule, and the right superior cerebellar pedincule. No correlation was found between the laterality of the epileptogenic focus in the epilepsy group and existence of IHI, nor between age and HIA values among the groups. Conclusion Although IHI is not an uncommon abnormality in the normal pediatric population, decreased HIA is more frequently found in patients with epilepsy or febrile convulsions.

WOS: 000378847700030, PubMed: 27358636, Aims: To investigate the use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of hemangioma. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 72 patients with liver masses larger than 1 cm (72 focal lesions). DWI examination with a b value of 600 s/mm(2) was carried out for all patients. After DWI examination, an ADC map was created and ADC values were measured for 72 liver masses and normal liver tissue (control group). The average ADC values of normal liver tissue and focal liver lesions, the "cut-off " ADC values, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ADC map in diagnosing hemangioma, benign and malignant lesions were researched. Results: Of the 72 liver masses, 51 were benign and 21 were malignant. Benign lesions comprised 38 hemangiomas and 13 simple cysts. Malignant lesions comprised 9 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 12 metastases. The highest ADC values were measured for cysts (3.782 +/- 0.53x10(-3) mm(2)/s) and hemangiomas (2.705 +/- 0.63x10(-3) mm(2)/s). The average ADC value of hemangiomas was significantly higher than malignant lesions and the normal control group (p

Objective Degenerative changes in posterior elements of the spine such as thickening or hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) may result in spinal stenosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential factors including age, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), facet joint degeneration (FJD), end plate degeneration (EPD), which may affect LF thickening and to reveal the relationship among those factors at each level of lumbar spine by evaluating the magnetic resonance images (MRI). Methods A total of 200 individuals with low back and/or leg pain complaints who had undergone lumbar MRI were included in this study. The thickness of LF, FJD, IDD and EPD were assessed at all lumbar levels. Results Totally 1000 end plates, 1000 intervertebral discs and 2000 facet joints were evaluated and the thicknesses of 2000 LFs were measured from MRI images of 200 patients (100 males and 100 females). The mean age was 46.87 ± 12.47 years. LF thickness was strongly associated with FJD especially on the ipsilateral side. Age and IDD were correlated at whole vertebral levels. The age related changes (LF thickness, FJD, IDD and EPD) were more prominent at L4-L5 vertebral level. However, gender had no effect on LF thickness. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that LF thickening may occur independently or could be associated with FJD especially on the ipsilateral side and this relationship is due to the vertebral level. The degree of disc degeneration increases with age and age related changes may be predominantly observed at L4-L5 vertebral level.

Introduction HELLP syndrome (acronym comprised of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets) is seen in 0.1% of pregnant women. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was reported to be 5% in patients with the HELLP syndrome. Atypical imaging appearances include contrast enhancement, hemorrhage and restricted diffusion on MRI. Aim We aimed to improve clinicians’ perception about brain lesions in the HELLP syndrome with imaging findings. Case study Here, we present a case of an 18-year-old patient with a pregnancy of 24 weeks admitted with HELLP syndrome, with CT and MRI findings of PRES and intracerebral hematoma. MRI scan of the brain showed vasogenic edema in the occipital, frontal and parietal lobes bilaterally, basal ganglia and brainstem. An emergency cesarean section was successfully performed to end the pregnancy on the same day. Repeat MRI of the brain three days after initial admission showed partial improvement of the previous abnormalities with full clinical recovery. Results and discussion The patient in this report had a variant form of PRES where the pathologic process encompassed both the posterior and anterior circulations. Conclusions An appropriate multidisciplinary approach is the key for reducing the morbidity and mortality of PRES syndrome.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) performed by using combined ultrasonography (USG) and fluoroscopy. Methods: Eighty-seven patients (48 female, 39 male; mean age, 58.2; range, 19-91) who underwent 106 PN procedures performed by using USG and fluoroscopy combination between July 2011 and May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The technical success was considered if nephrostomy catheter was placed within renal pelvis and functioned spontaneously. All patients received preprocedural prophylactic antibiotic and preprocedural coagulation parameters and platelet count were tested in all patients routinely. The procedural complications are classified as major, minor and catheter-related. The technical success rates and complication rates of the PN procedure were calculated. Results: PN was performed for benign causes in 47 patients (54%) and for malignant causes in 40 patients (46%). A total of 106 nephrostomies were performed in 101 kidneys (95.1%) with dilated systems and in 5 kidneys (4.9%) with non-dilated systems. The technical success rate of PN was 98.1% (104/106 PN procedures). Major complication was not observed in any patients. Transient hematuria as a minor complication was seen in 11 patients (12.6%). Catheter dislodgement occurred in 11 patients (12.6%). Conclusion: The PN performed by using combined USG and fluoroscopy is effective and reliable procedure in urinary decompression and diversion with high success and low complication rates. J Clin Exp Invest 2015; 6 (2): 170-174

The purpose of this prospectively designed cross-sectional observational study was to evaluate the effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on pituitary gland volume (PGV) under the hypothesis that endocrinologic changes may lead to morphologic changes of the pituitary gland. Twenty-six PCOS patients and 31 control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. PGV was significantly larger in PCOS patients than in control subjects. Luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio was the only predictor of PGV. The association between pituitary gland enlargement and PCOS should be kept in mind when pituitary hypertrophy is detected on MRI.

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1270 / Assessment of neural alterations in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: can apparent diffusion coefficient measurements be useful?" by: "E. Kacar, S. Sarinc Ulasli, E. Gunay, G. Gungor, E. Unlu, M. Beker Acay, T. Koyuncu, M. Unlu, A. Haktanir; Afyonkarahisar/TR"

Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery a very rare congenital disorder. We here present a case of a 22-year-old female patient with agenesis of the right pulmonary artery accompanying patent ductus arteriosus and Eisenmenger syndrome, diagnosed by chest X-ray and multidetector computed tomography 5 days after giving birth.

Variations of renal arteries and veins are of particular importance in the treatment of renal and renovascular conditions. Multiphase upper abdominal computed tomography of a 68-year-old male patient with renal cell carcinoma of right kidney revealed duplication of right renal artery and retroaortic left renal vein variation. Differential diagnosis should be made with great care in patients with renal neoplasms since variations may complicate diagnostic procedures. Here, we present a rare variation. Knowledge of variations accompanied by pathologies as in our case may be important as it can affect diagnostic and treatment procedures. The aim of this case report and literature review is to increase awareness about renal vascular variations among clinicians and oncologists who work in this field. Keywords: retroaortic left renal vein; right renal artery duplication; variation

Introduction Computed tomography pulmonary arterial obstruction index ratio (CTPAOIR) is related with the severity of pulmonary embolism (PE). Platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) are reported to be increased in acute PE. Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between CTPAOIR and platelet indices and the utility of these parameters in the determination of PE severity. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analysed the demographic data, clinical probability scores, laboratory data and echocardiographic findings of 63 acute PE patients who were diagnosed by pulmonary arterial computed tomography angiography. Results The hospital records of 38 (60.3%) male and 25 (39.7%) female patients with acute PE and 29 (58%) male and 21 (42%) female healthy control were evaluated (P = 0.803). The mean value of MPV, PDW levels, platelet counts and red cell distribution width levels were higher in PE groups than in control subjects (P

Unlu, Bekir Serdar/0000-0002-0468-867X WOS: 000416500600013 PubMed: 28888742 …

The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of age and sex on the severity and localization of osteophyte formation from three-dimensional (3D) volume rendered (VR) multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images of thoracolumbar vertebrae. 3D VR MDCT images of thoracolumbar vertebrae of 564 adult living individuals (285 female and 279 male) with ages ranging from 20 to 84 years were studied. The study population was divided into seven groups according to age, and the severity of osteophytosis scored using a scale from 0 to 4 for each vertebra. Osteophyte scores were significantly correlated with age between 40 and 70 years of age in both males and females. Of the four vertebral regions (upper, middle, and lower thoracic, lumbar) the severity was highest in the middle thoracic region between 20 and 70 years of age and in the lower thoracic region between 70 and 90 years. Lower thoracic vertebrae presented a significant sex difference. The localisation and severity of osteophytosis varies with age and shows sexual dimorphism. Our findings will be useful for forensic work in age and sex determination. © 2016 Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Objective Our purpose was to reveal the efficiency of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of encephalitis, and to determine the relation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, the onset of the clinical symptoms, and the lesion extent. Methods Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 17 patients with encephalitis diagnosed on the basis of laboratory, clinical and radiologic findings during 2009 and 2015. Based on the duration between the onset of the symptoms and the brain MRI findings, the patients were divided into three groups. ADC values of the encephalitis lesion, the lesions' topographic analysis score, deep gray matter involvement, patients' clinical situation and the duration of the arrival to the clinic was examined. Results Mean ADC values were 0,988±0,335 x10(-3) mm(2)/s in group I (0-2 days), 1,045±0,347 x10(-3) mm(2)/s in Group-II (3-7 days), 1,451±0,225 x10(-3) mm(2)/s in Group-III (8 days and over). The relation between the ADC values and the duration of the arrival, topographic analysis score, the relation between the patients' clinical situation and the deep gray matter involvement were found to be statistically significant. The deep gray matter involvement was demonstrated more clearly by FLAIR images when compared with DWI. Conclusion Conventional MRI sequences may be insufficient in showing the encephalitis lesion. DWI must be added to the imaging modalities immediately in the cases suspected of having encephalitis.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a potentially life-threatening condition. Interventions and treatments should be managed on time to reduce mortality. It has been put forth that perihematomal edema absolute volume (PHEAV) is related to mortality, however the effect of perihematomal edema absolute area (PHEAA) on mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PHEAA on 30-day mortality in patients with ICH.Patients were screened with ICD-9, retrospectively. 106 patients were included in the study. Clinical data were obtained from the patient files. Computed tomography (CT) was acquired from the hospital imaging database. PHEAV and PHEAA were measured via CT by two clinicians blinded to the study protocol. The predictors of 30- day mortality were examined.Forty-three (40.6%) patients died within 30days. Older age, lack of trauma, low Glasgow coma scale and high blood glucose were associated with high mortality (P≤.001). PHEAV and PHEAA values were higher in nonsurvivors (P.001). PHEAA was detected as an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. The cutoff value of PHEAA for mortality was 33.41cm(2) (sensitivity: 84.4%, specificity: 59.0%). There was no difference between receiver operating characteristic curves of PHEAA and PHEAV (P=.55).In contrast to PHEAV, PHEAA is a simple value which can be measured without the requirement of any additional techniques or extra costs which can be quickly applied and which is an independent indicator of 30-day mortality. PHEAA can accelerate physician interventions for patients with ICH within several hours of ED admission.

Summary Background Sandhoff disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by β-hexosaminidase deficiency in which the ganglioside GM2 and other glycolipids accumulate intracellularly within lysosomes. This process results in progressive motor neuron manifestations, death from respiratory failure and infections in infantiles. Case Report This report presents a 22-month-old girl with infantile type Sandhoff disease that was hospitalized for generalized seizures and psychomotor retardation. She was diagnosed with a genetically proven novel mutation and by demonstrating it’s specific imaging findings. Conclusions Determination of spesific changes in neuroimaging which are initial findings for GM2 gangliosidosis is important from the point of diagnosis and follow-up in infants suspected of having a neurodegenerative disease.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the cervicofacial area is highly rare, but physicians should be familiar with the presentation of this situation owing to the suddenness of its beginning, the rapidness of its spread, and ending with high mortality and morbidity. In this article, 5 patients with NF admitted to emergency department with dental pathology history were discussed with a review of the literature. The purpose of this case series is to raise awareness about NF of the cervicofacial area caused by dental pathologies. Five patients admitted to our emergency department between January 2012 and March 2015 and diagnosed as having cervicofacial NF were identified. All patients had dental pathologies. The parameters of the study were patients' age, sex, complaints, self- and family histories, physical examinations' findings, routine laboratory-computed tomographic findings, treatment, and complications. Two of the patients were older than 70 years. One of the patients was healthy but he lost time because of an inappropriate treatment. These 3 patients died. The remaining patients were discharged at the end of the prolonged and intensive treatment. Necrotizing fasciitis should always be remembered in the diagnosis of the infection of the cervicofacial area. Because of difficulty in its diagnosis, a delay in the treatment may result in a horrific outcome.

Hysterosalpingography is an important technique for the diagnosis of infertility, and involves injection of contrast medium into the uterus to visualize the anatomy of the reproductive system. Unfortunately, the procedure can be painful, although multiple pain management techniques are available. This study was conducted to determine which of four pain management techniques is the most effective for pain relief during hysterosalpingectomy. The most painful parts of the procedure were also assessed., BACKGROUND: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is the most commonly used method for evaluating the anatomy and patency of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, and is an important tool in the evaluation of infertility. The most frequent side effect is the pain associated with the procedure. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate four analgesic methods to determine the most useful method for reducing discomfort associated with HSG. METHODS: In the present prospective study, 75 patients undergoing HSG for evaluation of infertility were randomly assigned to four groups: 550 mg of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (group 1); 550 mg NSAID + paracervical block (group 2); 550 mg NSAID + paracervical analgesic cream (group 3); or 550 mg NSAID + intrauterine analgesic instillation (group 4). A visual analogue scale was used to assess the pain perception at five predefined steps. RESULTS: Instillation of the liquids used for HSG was found to be the most painful step of HSG, and this step was where the only significant difference among groups was observed. When comparing visual analogue scale scores, group 2 and group 3 reported significantly less pain than the other groups. Group 1 reported significantly higher mean (± SD) scores (7.2±1.6) compared with groups 2 and 3 (4.7±2.5 and 3.8±2.4, respectively) (P

We aimed to examine the prevalence of cerebellar tonsil ectopia and Chiari 1 malformation in sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) that has, to the best of our knowledge, not been studied previously. Magnetic resonance imaging records of 166 subjects with SHL and 50 controls without known otologic disturbances were included in the study. A tonsils descent more than 2 mm was assumed as cerebellar ectopia, and a descent equal to or more than 5 mm was assumed as Chiari 1 malformation. A tonsil descent group was also formed by summation of both groups. Transverse diameters of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries and transverse sinuses were also measured, and all parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistics. A significant difference of frequencies of Chiari 1, ectopia, and tonsil descent was detected between patients and controls. In comparison of cerebellar ectopia and Chiari 1 groups, SHL did not show any significant difference. The left lateral sinus diameter showed positive correlation with tonsil descent. There was no significant correlation for the diameters of other vessels. A powerful correlation was detected between SHL and age. In addition, right and vertebral artery diameters showed positive correlations with age. Chiari 1 malformation and cerebellar ectopia showed an association with SHL. These patients should also be evaluated for otologic disturbances. Further high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging studies to explain the exact cause of this currently unknown association seems required.

Objective Breast arterial calcification (BAC), medial calcific sclerosis of small to medium-sized muscular arteries, is a benign finding of mammographic evaluation. Previous studies have shown the relationships between BAC and systemic disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the association between reduced bone mineral density and BAC. Methods The study population consisted of 567 women who had both mammography and bone mineral density evaluation. BAC (+) and BAC (-) women were compared for age, body mass index, postmenopausal duration, number of deliveries, breastfeeding duration, DM, HT, lipid treatment, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Results BAC was seen in mammographic evaluation of 179 women and 388 subjects without BAC accepted as the control group. There was a statistically significant relationship between age, postmenopausal duration, number of deliveries, history of DM, HT, lipid treatment and BAC. While the prevalence of osteopenia was higher in control group (52.8%), the rate of osteoporosis (48.7%) was higher in group with BAC. Conclusion There was statistically significant relationship between BAC and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Determination of BAC in routine screening mammography might be helpful in both identifying women with risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the analysis and publication rates of abstracts presented at the Turkish National Radiology meetings in 2010–2012. METHODS: Abstracts presented in the national radiology meetings of 2010, 2011, and 2012 were included in the study. The presentations were classified according to presentation type (oral or poster presentations), study type, study design, imaged organ or body systems, imaging modalities, time interval between the presentation and the publication date, and the journal in which the article was published. The conversion rate of presentations into full-text articles in peer-reviewed journals were surveyed through PubMed. The time from presentation in the meetings to publication was determined. The distribution of journals was also demonstrated. RESULTS: The total number of presentations submitted in three national radiology meetings was 3,192. The publication rate was 11% for the 2010 meeting, 8.2% for the 2011 meeting, and 9.6% for the 2012 meeting. A total of 300 papers were published, with an average of 15 months (range, 0–42 months) between presentation and final publication. The first three refereed international journals with the most number of papers derived from these meetings were Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Clinical Imaging, and European Journal of Radiology. CONCLUSION: The overall publication rate of scientific abstracts from Turkey was lower than those from overseas countries. Encouraging the authors to conduct higher-quality research would raise the publication rate as well as improve the quality and success of our scientific meetings. © Turkish Society of Radiology 2015

Purpose Misty mesentery appearance is commonly reported in daily practice, usually as a secondary finding of various pathological entities, but sometimes it is encountered as an isolated finding that cannot be attributed to any other disease entity. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cases with incidentally detected idiopathic misty mesentery on computed tomography (CT) and to summarize the pathologies leading to this appearance. Methods Medical records and initial and follow-up CT features of patients with misty mesentery appearance between January 2011 and January 2013 were analysed. The study included cases with no known cause of misty mesentery according to associated CT findings, clinical history, or biochemical manifestations, and excluded patients with diseases known to cause misty mesentery, lymph nodes greater than a short-axis diameter of 5 mm, discrete mesenteric masses, or bowel wall thickening. Results There were a total of 561 patients in whom misty mesentery appearance was depicted on abdominopelvic CT scans. A total of 80 cases were found to have isolated incidental idiopathic misty mesentery, giving a prevalence of 7%. The common indication for CT examination was abdominal pain. There was a slight female predominance (51.3%). 67.5% of all patients were classified as obese and 17.5% as overweight. Conclusions The results of the present study show that idiopathic incidental misty mesentery appearance has a significant prevalence. Also, the high body mass index of these patients and the growing evidence of obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue are suggestive of an association between obesity and misty mesentery appearance on CT.

Computed tomography pulmonary arterial obstruction index ratio (CTPAOIR) is related with the severity of pulmonary embolism (PE). Platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) are reported to be increased in acute PE.In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between CTPAOIR and platelet indices and the utility of these parameters in the determination of PE severity.We retrospectively analysed the demographic data, clinical probability scores, laboratory data and echocardiographic findings of 63 acute PE patients who were diagnosed by pulmonary arterial computed tomography angiography.The hospital records of 38 (60.3%) male and 25 (39.7%) female patients with acute PE and 29 (58%) male and 21 (42%) female healthy control were evaluated (P = 0.803). The mean value of MPV, PDW levels, platelet counts and red cell distribution width levels were higher in PE groups than in control subjects (P 0.05). Massive PE was present in 33.3% of PE patients. There were statistically significant differences in terms of hospital length of stay (HLS), mean value of MPV, CTPAOIR and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) in addition to systolic arterial pressure between massive and submassive PE patients (P 0.05 for all). CTPAOIR was positively correlated with HLS, clinical probability scores, D-Dimer level, MPV, PDW levels and sPAP.Platelet indices, MPV and PDW, can be used for the determination of disease severity, and lead to therapeutic strategies for PE patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the hemodynamic response caused by the mental arithmetic task between migraineurs and healthy subjects by using functional near infrared spectroscopy. 16 healthy subjects and 16 migraine patients participated in the study. Subjects were asked to perform mental subtraction and answer verbally to 3 sets of questions with increasing complexity. Performance, work load, Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FNIRS) data and laterality index were analyzed. The difference in the oksihemoglobin levels across different complexity levels were calculated. As the MA task got harder, work load increased, performance decreased and the change in [HbO(2)] increased for both groups but showing a lower incremental in oxy-Hb concentration in migraine patients for varying complexity levels. Control group showed a right dominant PFC activity, whereas migraine patients showed a left dominant PFC actvity. Our results Support the hypothesis that migraine is a neurovascular coupling dysfunction causing unregulated activation in PFC than controls.

Unlu, Bekir Serdar/0000-0002-0468-867X WOS: 000367913700009 PubMed: 26361992 Purpose: To determine adrenal gland volume (AGV) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by comparison with healthy control subjects and to investigate the relationship between AGV and hormonal status. Patients and methods: AGV was measured on transverse sections of T1-weighted MRI imaging data in 27 PCOS patients and 40 age-matched control subjects for this prospectively designed study. A comparative analysis of AGV in PCOS and controls was performed and possible correlations between AGV and hormonal parameters were evaluated. Results: PCOS patients had significantly larger AGV compared to controls ((11.7 +/- 4.4 cm(3), 7.2 +/- 1.9 cm(3), respectively, P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between total AGV and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-OH progesterone, and total and free testosterone levels in the PCOS group (r = +0.51, +0.48, +0.43, +0.62, respectively; P values < 0.05). In addition, AGV was significantly negatively correlated with LH and LH/FSH ratio in the PCOS group (r = -0.55, P = 0.02; r = -0.51, P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: PCOS patients have significantly increased AGV as well as a positive correlation of AGV and androgens. We conclude that the assessment of AGV with MRI shows a significant correlation with the androgenic activity of the gland, and that hypertrophy of the adrenal glandmay be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. (C) 2015 Editions francaises de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.