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Body cognition is one of the theoretical frameworks in cognitive sciences based on which cognition is a physical phenomenon that is formed through the interaction between body, environment, and mind. This is associated with many abstract concepts of the Qur'an, of which "POSSESSION" is one of the most important. This research has tried to measure and evaluate the effect of body cognition on the formation of the abstract concept of "POSSESSION" in the Quran language using a descriptive-analytic approach and cognitive semantics perspective. The data examined in this study were the lexical elements related to body organs and the verbs associated with these organs which were used to refer to POSSESSION. The results of this research show that understanding the concept of OWNERSHIP and its types in the Qur'an depends on the physical experience and physical activities of the human being and that the human experiential knowledge of the body parts, such as hands, feet, head, mouth and their related actions, such as: taking, making, earning, grabbing, standing and eating, is the basis of metaphorical mapping for understanding abstract concept of POSSESSION in Quran language, and can help us to better understand this concept in the Qur'an and improve our knowledge in this field.

The order Hymenoptera comprises an important group of insects, with ecological and economic importance, and serving as ecological indicators. Investigating the diversity and distribution of fauna is considered a prerequisite for biodiversity conservation. In this research, the hymenopteran fauna in mangrove forests on the southern coast of Iran were studied during 2021–2022. The collection was made by sweeping net and light trap. The survey revealed the presence of ten species and nine genera belonging to six families. Of which, two species, Ampulex assimilis Kohl, 1893 (Hym.: Ampulicidae) and Paridris leda Kozlov & Kononova, 1985 (Hym.: Scelionidae) are recorded for the first time for the Iranian fauna. Diagnostic characters of the new records and geographical distribution of all species are provided.

Optical sensors provide a fast and real-time approach to detect benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in environmental monitoring and industrial safety. However, detecting the concentration of a particular gas in a mixture can be challenging. Here, we develop a machine-learning model that can precisely measure BTEX concentrations simultaneously based on an absorption spectroscopy gas sensing system. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is utilized to identify the absorbance spectra for each volatile, along with their concentrations in a mixture. A synthetic data set is generated using a series of physics-based simulations to create the predictive model. The data set consists of the overall absorbance of numerous random BTEX mixtures over time, based on various percentages of the permissible exposure limit (PEL). It is worth noting that benzene has a negligible absorbance (very low PEL, 1–5 ppm) compared to other volatile gases, which makes it difficult to detect. To address this challenge, we introduce a 3-stage solution to accurately discriminate between all BTEX species, regardless of their concentration levels. As a result, the R-squared above 0.99 for toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, and the R-squared above 0.96 for benzene, is achieved, indicating the model's capability to predict BTEX concentrations.

IntroductionThe dispersion of opinions on the issue of reciting the Basmalah aloud or in silence has become one of the areas of divergence of Islamic schools of thought, and the main reason for this dispute doubts the revelatory nature of the Basmalah and its being a part of every chapter of the Qur'an. According to some definitive narratives that agree with rational axioms, the Basmalah is an essential part of the Qur’anic chapters. The Sirah of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions, especially Imam Ali (AS) was based on reciting the Basmalah out loud, and any doubt about this issue paves the way for distortion of the Qur’an. However, in some Sunni sources, there is a hadith that contradicts what was mentioned above, as it indicates that Imam Ali (AS) recited the Basmalah in silence.Research Question(s) Literature ReviewThe background of this research can be divided into two general and specific parts. Generally, it can be done through the books of hadith and interpretation in which narrations and discussions about the Basmalah were mentioned specifically, the following research can be mentioned:“The Possibility of the Basmala being a Verse from the Shia and Sunni Perspectives” by Zahra Askarzadeh.“A Translation and Criticism of the Entry “Basmalah” in the Encyclopedia of the Holy Qur’an” by Bibi Sadat Behabadi and Hujjatullah Javani.“Study and Analysis of Sheikh Baha’i’s Narrations and Criticisms in the Interpretation of ‘Urwah al-Wuthqā in the Unity of the Surahs and Partial-Nature of Basmalah” by Muhammad Ali Tajari and Muhammad Taghaddomi Saberi.“Examination of the Opinions of Jurists, Commentators and Traditions of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) Regarding the Verse Bismillah al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm” by Muhammad Qorbani Moghaddam.“The Ontology of the Basmalah as an Introduction to Creating an Ontology of the Teachings of the Qur’an” by Hossein Hosseinzadeh.“Investigation of the Partial-Nature of the Basmalah to Surahs of the Qur’an” by Muhammad Qorbani Moghaddam.“The Verse of Basmalah, its Continuation and Revelation” by Hojjatullah ʻĀshūrī.“Partial-Nature of the Basmalah and it’s Aloud Recitation” by Jafar Sobhani.As it was mentioned, the basic problem in suggesting the partial or non-partial nature of the Basmalah, and thus the belief in its aloud or silent recitation, goes back to the conflicting narrations mentioned in this regard, and the problem remains until these narrations are scrutinized in terms of the chain of transmission and the text, and the research in this regard is only a repetition of the previous researches. The difference between this article and the other researches is that it examines the narration related to the silent recitation of the Basmalah narrated from Imam Ali (AS), in terms of the chain of transmission (Sanad) and the text, which has not been written in this regard until now. MethodologyThis article aims to critically re-read the non-existence of Basmalah in the Qur’anic surahs using a descriptive-analytical method, based on the analysis of the chain of transmission and the text of the relevant narration. ResultsThe results of the research show that the aforementioned narration contains some serious problems. A: There is a major problem regarding its chain of transmission; because among the transmitters there are narrators who have been severely criticized by Sunni scholars. B: Some of the narrators are attributed to the Shias, and this contains a contradiction; because what they say completely contradicts the teachings of the Imams (AS) and his habit of reciting the Basmalah aloud. C: Analysis of historical reports indicates that the claim of dropping the Basmalah from prayer occurred under a calculated process initiated and supported by the Umayyad regime and with the policy of erasing Alawite monuments. Therefore, the possibility of falsification in these narrations becomes stronger. ConclusionAccording to the findings of this research, the aforementioned hadiths contain some serious problems. First: It has major problems in terms of the chain of transmission; because among the transmitters there are narrators who have been severely criticized by Sunni scholars. Second: Some of the narrators were attributed to Shias, and this contradicts the authentic hadiths that state that the Shia Imams (AS) considered the Basmalah to be part of the surahs of the Qur’an and therefore they used to recite it out loud. Finally, historical reports indicate that the idea of dropping the Basmalah emerged during a calculated process initiated and supported by the Umayyad regime. Therefore, there is a high possibility of Waḍʻ and Tadlīs (fabrication) in these narrations

The concept of war and jihad is one of the challenging researches, the misunderstanding of which has had negative consequences. Since in the verses of the Qur'an, the concept of jihad is a sacred and sublime thing and the Holy Qur'an has dealt with this issue in many verses and different interpretations, a correct analysis of the Qur'anic expression pattern and the way of using verbs can help to understand the verses of jihad. Therefore, in the present study, a descriptive-analytical method was used to analyze the discourse of spoken verbs in the verses of Jihad, and it was concluded that which is the intention of the speaker, a comprehensive combination of discourse systems derived from Verbal verbs, had an opinion. Hence, intelligent, emotional and incidental discourse systems that have been analyzed with regard to the spoken verbs of the verses of jihad, in combination with each other, clarify the comprehensive discourse analysis of the verses of jihad. This discourse is a guiding discourse that, in addition to intelligent discourse, uses tension-emotional pressures as well as event discourse based on divine providence. The emotional discourse system also completes the discourse of passion and consciousness in the form of emotional and persuasive speech verbs. The incidental discourse system in the form of obligatory verbal verbs refers to a higher and more meaningful authority and makes it clear that the divine providence is the victory and help of the Mujahideen in the way of God.

In the present study, new data about the distribution of 27 species of digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Spheciformes: Crabronidae) collected from different regions of province (southeast Iran) are presented. The specimens were collected at 21 localities using Malaise traps during March to September 2017. The identified species belong to three subfamilies: Bembicinae (three genera, seven species), Crabroninae (seven genera, 18 species) and Philanthinae (single genus, two species). Among them, two species, Gastrosericus moricei E. Saunders, 1910 and G. sabulosus Pulawski, 1995 are newly recorded for the Iranian fauna. Photographic illustrations of morphological characteristics of the newly recorded species are presented.

New data on the distribution of eight Sphecid wasps species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) collected from different localities in southern areas of Kerman province (southeast Iran) are presented. The specimens were collected at 21 localities using Malaise traps from April to September 2017. The identified species belong to three subfamilies, Ammophilinae André, 1886 (three species, two genera), Sceliphrinae Ashmead, 1899 (a single species), and Sphecinae Latreille, 1802 (four species, two genera, two tribes). Palmodes parvulus (Roth, 1967) is newly recorded for the Iranian fauna, and its diagnostic characters are presented.

Interpretive methods are the tools that commentators use to discover and express the meaning of God in the verses of the Quran. It is necessary to consider which method is a reliable tool to achieve more accurate dimensions. In the method of interpreting pure narration, the commentator only suffices to mention the appropriate narrations in the following verses. But in the comprehensive ijtihadi method, it uses a combination of different methods in accordance with the requirements of the verses. This study, in order to compare the effectiveness of these two methods (meaning preserving the immortality of the quranic verses) with the comparative method, has studied the interpretation of verse 159 of Al-Baqarah Surah in comprehensive ijtihadi interpretations. This verse forbids scholars from concealing the teachings of God in the Quran. In this research, the plausible examples of truth in the pure narrations and comprehensive ijtihadi interpretations of the two parties have been examined. As a result, by observing a more comprehensive view of the interpretations of “comprehensive ijtihad” than “pure narration” regarding the case of autonomous interpretation, it was realized that this method is more effective in proving the permanence and practicality of the verses of the Quran.

Objective: The desire to change the dividend payment method can indicate the ability of managers to control fluctuations in the capital market, so that managers limit changes in dividends to cover the risk of these fluctuations. In this research, the aim is to investigate the role of managers' ability and dividends smoothing in changing the information content of current earnings. Methods: For this purpose, data related to 120 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2008 to 2019 has been extracted and the combined data regression model has been used to test research hypotheses. Results: The results indicate the confirmation of the first and second hypotheses of the research. In other words, the research results indicate that the ability of managers leads to increased dividends smoothing. In addition, the results of the second hypothesis of the research indicate a significant relationship between the managers’ ability and the information content of dividends smoothing. Conclusion: Managers with high ability are more inclined n deliberately smooth dividends, and this smoothness relates to the company's future profitability. Managers with high ability provide information about the future earnings in the form of smoothing current dividends, given their skills in forecasting and estimating future performance.

The present study is based on the material collected from East Azerbaijan province (Northwestern Iran) between July-August 2019. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps from a variety of habitats. Lycorina triangulifera Holmgren, 1859 were collected and identified. This species is the first record of the subfamily Lycorininae Cushman and Rohwer, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Iran. Morphological descriptions, as well as detailed illustrations of this species, are presented.

This study was based on examination of specimens of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) deposited in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum. Totally thirteen species from eleven genera and seven subfamilies, including Braconinae (One genus – One species), Cardiochilinae (1-1), Doryctinae (1-4), Macrocernrinae (1-2) , Opiinae (2-2), Rhyssalinae (1-1), Rogadinae (1-2) were identified, of which six species including Biosteres spinaciaeformis Fischer, 1971, Heterospilus rubicola Fischer,1968, Utetes fulvicollis (Thomson, 1895), Aleiodes arcticus (Thomson, 1892), Macrocentrus turkestanicus (Telenga, 1950) and Rhyssalus longicaudis (Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981) are new records for the Iranian braconid founa.

​Trichogramma evanescens Westwood is an important biological control agent of lepidopteran pests and is widely distributed throughout Iran and neighboring countries. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the influence of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs age on the number of parasitized eggs, development time, sex ratio, progeny longevity and fecundity. Understanding this influence is important for developing biological control programs. Mated female parasitoids (24 h age) were provided with 1, 2, 3, and 4-days-old E. kuehniella eggs in no-choice experiments, individually. T. evanescens developed on E. kuehniella eggs of all ages tested, while showing a better adaptation to younger host eggs with significantly faster developmental time, higher survival and more female progeny on 1-day-old eggs. Progeny emerged from 1-day-old eggs had also higher longevity and fecundity than those emerging from other host ages tested. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) values of T. evanescens reared on 1, 2, 3 and 4-days-old E. kuehniella eggs were 0.345, 0.322, 0.281 and 0.233 day-1 and the mean generation time (T) was 12.19, 12.13, 12.01 and 11.82 days, respectively. The current study provides useful information to use suitable host age of E. kuehniella for mass production of T. evanescens.

This paper provides a report on Dolichurinae (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae) collected from different locations of southern Kerman province in southeast Iran from March to September 2017. In the present study, the genus Dolichurus latreille, 1809 (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae: Dolichurinae) and two species, Dolichurus haemorrhous A. Costa, 1886 and D. corniculus Spinola, 1808 are recorded from Iran for the first time. Morphological remarks and illustrations of the newly recorded species are provided.

طی بررسی آفات چغندر در مزارع استان همدان در اوایل آبان سال 1398، پنج نمونه زنبور از خانواده Figitidae از ریشه­ های چغندر قند جمع­آوری شد. این نمونه ­ها تحت عنوان گونة Rhoptromeris heptoma (Hartig, 1840)شناسایی شدند، که برای اولین بار جنس و گونة آن از ایران گزارش می­شود. این زنبور به عنوان انگل­ وارة لارو مگس­های Chloropidae شناخته شده­ است.

Trichogramma evanescens Westwood is one of the most important biological control agents of lepidopteran pests. This parasitoid is widely distributed throughout Iran. Present study was conducted to assay influence of the age of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller egg on the number of parasitized eggs, developmental time, sex ratio, progeny longevity and fecundity of T. evanescens. Individual mated female parasitoids (E. kuehniella in no-choice experiments. Mean number of parasitized eggs were 32.40 ± 0.04, 29.80 ± 0.05, 26.93 ± 0.16, 23.83 ± 0.06 and 18.91 ± 0.04, respectively. The obtained results showed that different egg ages had a significant effect on the developmental time, sex ratio, progeny longevity and fecundity of the parasitoid wasp. Data analysis demonstrated significant decreasing of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) with increasing the age of eggs. The highest values for r and λ were 0.390 ± 0.006 day-1 and 1.47 ± 0.008 days, respectively in the eggs with 12h egg. The results of the current study indicated that the egg age is one of the most important factors on life table parameters of T. evanescens and the eggs of E. kuehniella with 12h age are the most suitable eggs for development, reproduction and mass rearing of T. evanescens.

Tribe Acanthaclisini belongs to family Myrmeleontidae. Genera Acanthaclisis with three species and Synclisis with one species have already reported from Iran. In the current research, Centroclisis cervina is reported for the first time from Iran on the base of a male specimen collected in 1989. The new finding represents the first record of genus Centroclisis for Iranian antlion fauna. An identification key for the genera and species of the tribe in Iran together with relevant illustrations, and their distribution maps provided

Abstract Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults’ spirituality. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection of Iranian older adults. Totally, 22 people aged above 60 years old were interviewed using open-ended questions. The recorded interviews were then transcribed, and a coding process was applied based on a qualitative, conventional content analysis. Results Three key factors were found to promote the spirituality among the older adults: 1) insight in personal belief, 2) spiritual socialization, and 3) peace of mind. Traditional dimensions, the cultural surroundings, and participants’ religious beliefs were apparent in each of the categories. Conclusion Society’s role in making the seniors spiritual role models was very important; moreover the hereafter life on religious grounds seemed to be another important factor in reaching for high levels of spiritual and mystical perfection. Educational interventions based on the elders’ needs for spiritual empowering by health care professionals especially with regards to their spiritual based social interactions and reaching peace of mind, will comprise a major part of wellness approaches.

Najāshī and Sheikh Ṭūsī are among the most well-known Shiite biographers (rijālīs), whose rijālī views were of great importance of consideration, especially following the establishment of the Hilla School and the improvement of Hadith validation on the basis of its chain of transmitters (sand). They referred to some attributions of narrators in their books, according to the task of Rijāl science, which is the determination of the authenticity and weakness of narrators. Nevertheless, sometimes their views about a narrator are contradictory. The present paper, based on the descriptive-analytical method, attempts to investigate “how Asef-Mohseni, a contemporary rijāl scholar, interacts with such contradictions”. Consequently, the results show that the interaction with contradictions of Najāshī and Sheikh Ṭūsī does not follow a single method, but it depends on the view of a rijālī scholar, regarding to the situation of a narrator. Additionally, it is argued that there is no solid reason to prefer Najāshī to Sheikh Ṭūsī on a certain case and hence the quality of interactions with narrators are different, based on the confidence that a researcher obtains.

Semantic analysis of words and understanding or recognition the relationships between them is one of the ways to achieve the delicacies of meaning. This is especially important in relation to the Quran, which has various semantic levels and ultimate coherence in vocabulary.in this study meaning of “ اغوا” is analyzed by descriptive and analytical method on base of intertextual relationships. Based on understanding of conceptual relationship of this word, we find a visual system that come from frequent companionship of “رب” and “اغوا”. “The story of the devil and his departure from paradise” and “Justifying of criminal from their behavior in the presence of God” depict the system of absolute divine rule, the dynamic image that creates a wave of thinking. Meaning of “اغوا” is common part of Sami and Arabic meaning of it, means: “falling down “and “rejection”. This word means “اغوا”, in addition to having an affinity with “اضلال” and “عصی” is synonymous of these words. The semantic interaction of “اغوا” with the concept of growth suggests a typical emotional aspect in it, by emphasis on spiritual and positional falling down. Key words: Eghva, Edlal, Conceptual relations, semantics

A survey was conducted to study the fauna of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae) in Hormozgan province (Southern Iran). Specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweep nets from various habitats during 2013–2016. A total of fiftheen species belonging to seven genera, Aphidius Nees, 1819 (7 species); Diaeretiella Starý, 1960 (1); Ephedrus Haliday, 1833 (2); Binodoxys Mackauer 1960 (1); Lysiphlebus Förster, 1862 (1); Praon Haliday, 1833 (2) and Trioxys Haliday, 1833 (1) were identified. All species are newly recorded from Hormozgan province (and its island). A key to the known species in Hormozgan province is provided.

Purpose. This study aimed to show the impact of different extents of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on visual and anatomical outcomes following idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) surgery. Methods. In this single-center prospective study, patients with idiopathic FTMH underwent standard pars plana vitrectomy with two different extents of ILM peeling: 2-disc diameters (DD) or 4 DD. The main outcome measures were the closure rate of the holes based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings at three months after surgery. Results. Forty eyes from 39 patients were enrolled in the study. After three months, anatomical closure was achieved in 78% and 76% eyes in 2 DD peel and 4 DD peel groups, respectively. From 29 eyes with macular hole index (MHI) ≤ 0.5, type 1 closure was achieved in 42% eyes receiving a 2 DD ILM peel, compared to 66% eyes receiving a 4 DD peel p=0.041. In comparison, this significant difference was not seen in the subgroup of MHI > 0.5 p=061. In the subgroup of subjects with baseline MHI ≤ 0.5, visual improvement was significantly more in eyes with 4 DD ILM peeling p=0.034, which was not seen in the MHI > 0.5 subgroup p=0.61. Conclusion. In patients with idiopathic full‐thickness macular hole (MHI ≤ 0.5), a larger ILM peel of 4 DD appears to yield better anatomical outcomes than a more limited 2 DD peel.

A total of 60 species of Symphyta were identified and listed from the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran, of which the species Abia candens Konow, 1887; Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837); Macrophya chrysura (Klug, 1817) and Tenthredopsis nassata (Geoffroy, 1785) are newly recorded from Iran. Distribution data and host plants are here presented for 37 sawfly species.

The Arabic words “Ommi” refers to the illiteracy of Prophet. Ommi or Illiteracy of Prophet Mohammad, which is even mentioned in the holy Quran, is one of the most controversial issues among Islamic Scientists and Orientalists. Most Islamic thinkers considered the Prophet Mohammad as an illiterate meaning that he was not able to read and write which this is by itself one of the Quran miraculous aspects. This fact is unanimously agreed by Islamic philosophers. However, orientalists have cast many doubts on this subject till now believing that Prophet was able to read as well as write, and he has read former divine books before being chosen as a prophet. Some Orientalists gave the word Ommi a different meaning and believed that the meaning of the word does not refer to illiteracy of the Prophet but refers to the Prophet of idol worshippers or non-Jewish people. The current inquiry made an attempt not only to criticize and examine Orientalists’ views on the issue but offer the precise meaning of being Ommi or illiteracy of Prophet Mohammad by using the Quranic narrative and historical accounts. It reached the conclusion that the Prophet Mohammad was unable to read and write before being chosen as prophet, and also was not able to do so even till the end of His life leaving no doubt on His Prophecy through which the miracle of the Quran and God is proven.

The Interconnection of Divine’s Appellations with Meanings of Verses in Imran Surah is the issue under discussion in this research. Most of the divine names signify the Supreme Being. Some of the names have more than one meaning, but not all of the meanings can be conveyed in all the verses. The relationship between the divine names’ meaning(s) with the content of the verses is undeniable. This relationship has appeared in a number of ways including relationship of the name with the content of the verse containing that name, with the previous or the subsequent verses, with the content of some successive verses, and with the content of the whole surah. In the Descendants of Imrān surah, the divine names are related with the content of their verses in the beginning, the middle, or the ending part of the verses, or with the overall content of the verses. The same pattern occurs to the previous or the subsequent verses. What matters in the relationship of the names with the overall content of the surah is the relationship between the names and the most important theme discussed in the surah. In the Descendants of Imrān surah, such relationship distinctly occurs between the names: the Live, the Eternal, the Invincible, and the Wise from one side, and the issues: negation of divinity from Jesus (pbuH), and its exclusiveness to Allah from the other.

The present paper studies and compares the views of Ibn Arabi and Ayatollah Ma'refat about esoteric commentary. There are different views about esoteric commentary and its meaning, so it seems necessary to study the views of Ibn Arabi and Ayatollah Ma'refat in this regard, due to different esoteric commentaries. The term "esoteric commentary" is used seventeen times in the Quran, some of which refer to the esoteric commentary of Quranic verses. The usage has made some scholars to propose a course entitled "esoteric commentary" of Quranic verses and elaborate on its differences with commentary. Generally speaking, Ibn Arabi and Ayatollah Ma'refat believe that there is a difference between esoteric commentary and commentary and Quranic verses have not only commentary but also esoteric commentary. There are, however, some differences and similarities between their views on how to provide esoteric commentary of the Quran. The main similarity is that both regard esoteric commentary as the hidden meaning of God's speech, not its instances. Their differences, however, have made their practical instance in esoteric commentary very different. Ibrahim Ibrahimi[1] Tahereh Haji Alikhani[2] [1] Associate professor of department of theology, Arak University, e-ebrahimi@araku.ac.ir [2] MA student of Arak University Date Received: 2016/1/3, Date of acceptance: 2016/2/21

Quran's expressive style is so that it is only possible to present its deep meaning by addition of interpretive phrasesand we can't understand it completely. Therefore, withall theefforts ofwritersandtranslators, they are not accountable to readers. it is because of succinct verses that their implications are not clear.Thus, translatorshave used visible and specific additions in their translation for an explanation of some verses.Most of theseadditions have applied according to the commentaries and books of Asbab al-Nuzul or theological andintensifyingissues.This articleanalyzes and scrutinizes expository additions of some verses ofsurat al-Isra in six translation according to theinterpretationsandtraditions (Ahadith). These translations are including Ellahi Gomshei, Khorramshahi, Safarzadeh, Fuladvand, Meshkini and Makareme Shirazi. First, we found verses and their translations and then we have mentioned interpretive theoriesforexplainingtranslator's method. Finally, our analysis was based on interpretations about each verse. Expository additions play an important part in verse understanding and proper attention to this issue will pave the way for contemporary translations that can express great concepts of the Holy Quran in translation.

Abstract This study addresses persistence of non-operating items and market reaction to them. The increasing of concurring of items that presumed non-concurrent, may imply to management view to change or move concurrent expenses in temporary items; or indicate an environmental factor where naturally these items are occurring frequently. However each scenario indicates that concurring of items have valuation implications for investors. The results of this study indicate that in sample companies, non-operating items are persistent, but the market doesn't reaction to it.

Intrinsic value of a company depends on its financial and investment decisions. Companies with different investment opportunities are priced different in the market. The set of investment opportunities of companies are influenced by their current status in their life cycle.In this study, based on data from a sample of Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies during the period of 1385 to 1389, relationship between investment opportunities and earnings in according to corporate life cycle were examined.Results showed that there is a significant relationship between investment opportunities and earnings response coefficients. The results showed that the explanatory power of relationship between earnings and investment opportunities in companies differs with their life cycle stages. The companies that are in the growth phase of the life cycle, the relationship between earnings and investment opportunities is stronger than the companies that are in the recession phase of the life cycle.

Adult behavior has a profound effect on the personality and habits developed in children. Corporal punishment means the use of physical force to cause pain without injury, to discipline - 'behavior correction or control’- children. Corporal punishment of children can both have short-term and long-term harmful effects on their body and mind. In general, parents’ frequent use of corporal punishment is likely to be due to the fact that they may have experienced depression, drug abuse, alcohol use, quarrels, sexual abuse and adopting an authoritarian parenting style. Also, a high number of corporal punishment cases are reported to have occurred in families with low income and young parents. In addition, children experiencing severe corporal punishment and physical violence receive less love and warmth from other members of the family during childhood. These issues require that corporal punishment and the factors influencing it be discussed and explored scientifically and systematically. In this paper, following an introduction, a literature review of the empirical research on corporal punishment and root causes and experiential factors influencing it as well as the psychological and physical abuse of children will be dealt with. The second part will address theories explaining violence and corporal punishment including the "theory of interaction", "theory of personal ecology", "socio-cultural theory" and "structural approach". The last part of the article, as a general conclusion, offers some suggestions and guidelines. طرز رفتار بزرگسالان اثر عمیقی بر شخصیت کودکان و عادات کسب شده توسط آنها دارد. تنبیه بدنی به معنای استفاده از نیروی فیزیکی جهت ایجاد درد بدون صدمه، به منظور تربیت «تصحیح یا کنترل رفتار» کودک می­باشد. تنبیه­بدنی دارای اثرات مخرب کوتاه­مدت و بلندمدت بر جسم و روح کودک می­باشد. به طور کلی، پدر و مادری که مکرر از تنبیه­بدنی استفاده می­نمایند، به احتمال زیاد، تجربه افسردگی دارند، از داروهای الکلی و غیرمشروع استفاده می­نمایند، بین آنها اختلاف و درگیری وجود دارد، تجربه و سابقه آزار جنسی دارند و دارای سبک فرزندپروری استبدادی هستند. همچنین، نرخ بالایی از تنبیه­بدنی در فضاهای فقرآلود درآمدی و نیز میان والدین جوان گزارش شده است. افزون بر این، کودکانی که تنبیه­بدنی و خشونت جسمانی شدیدتری را تجربه می­کنند، گرمی و لطافت کمتری از سوی اعضای خانواده در طول دوره کودکی دریافت داشته­اند. چنین مسائلی ایجاب می­کند که مقوله تنبیه­بدنی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن، به نحو علمی و مدون مورد بررسی و کنکاش قرار گیرد. در این مقاله پس از یک مقدمه، به بررسی پیشینه تجربی تحقیق در زمینه تنبیه­بدنی و علل و عوامل تجربی مؤثر بر پدیده تنبیه­بدنی و آزار جسمی ـ روحی کودک پرداخته می­شود. بخش دوم مقاله نیز به برخی نظریه­های تبیین­کننده مسئله خشونت و تنبیه­بدنی، از جمله «نظریه کنش متقابل فردی»، «نظریه بوم­شناسی فردی»، «نظریه فرهنگی اجتماعی»، و «رویکرد ساختاری» اختصاص دارد. بخش پایانی مقاله هم، ضمن یک جمع­بندی کلی، به ارائه برخی از پیشنهادها و راهکارهای مرتبط با مسئله تحقیق می­پردازد.

It is believed that more financial reporting quality increases and more reliability standards are used to prepare and present reports, more information risk decrease. Accounting standards are set appropriately to increase accounting information quality and to inform about accounting. In this study, it is examined whether accounting standards setting and their implementation have increased accounting information quality? Earning persistence, earnings response coefficient, accrual quality and explanatory power of valuation models were considered as accounting quality metrics and tested in form of accounting quality models before and after accounting standard implementation. Multi variable regression method was used to test hypothesis. In general, the results of model tests indicated that standard implementation only improved incremental persistence relatively, while in other models, standards couldn’t influence significantly.

Secret sharing (SS) schemes allow the sharing of a secret among a set of trustees in such a way that only some qualified subsets of them can recover the secret. Ordinary SS schemes assume that the trust to each trustee is fixed over time. However, this is not the case in many real scenarios. Social secret sharing (SSS) is a recently introduced type of SS that addresses this issue. It allows the sharing of a secret among a set of trustees such that the amount of trust to each participant could be changed over time. There exist only a few SSS schemes in the literature; most of them can share only one secret during each execution. Hence, these schemes lack the required efficiency in situations where multiple secrets need to be shared. According to the literature, there exists only one social multi-secret sharing (SMSS) scheme in which, all the secrets are reconstructed at one stage. However, in many applications, the secrets should be recovered in multiple stages and even according to some pre-specified order. To address these problems, this paper proposes a new SMSS scheme by using the Birkhoff interpolation method and the Chinese remainder theorem. In the proposed scheme, the shareholders can recover the secrets in different stages and according to the specified order by the dealer. The security analysis of the proposed scheme shows that it meets all the needed security requirements. In addition, the performance analysis of the proposed scheme indicates its overall superiority over the related schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]