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18. Enhancing Photosynthesis and Plant Productivity through Genetic Modification.

Author

Nazari, Mansoureh, Kordrostami, Mojtaba, Ghasemi-Soloklui, Ali Akbar, Eaton-Rye, Julian J., Pashkovskiy, Pavel, Kuznetsov, Vladimir, and Allakhverdiev, Suleyman I.

Subjects
PLANT productivity, CARBON fixation, CARBONIC anhydrase, DRUG target, GENETIC engineering
Abstract

Enhancing crop photosynthesis through genetic engineering technologies offers numerous opportunities to increase plant productivity. Key approaches include optimizing light utilization, increasing cytochrome b6f complex levels, and improving carbon fixation. Modifications to Rubisco and the photosynthetic electron transport chain are central to these strategies. Introducing alternative photorespiratory pathways and enhancing carbonic anhydrase activity can further increase the internal CO2 concentration, thereby improving photosynthetic efficiency. The efficient translocation of photosynthetically produced sugars, which are managed by sucrose transporters, is also critical for plant growth. Additionally, incorporating genes from C4 plants, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic enzymes, enhances the CO2 concentration around Rubisco, reducing photorespiration. Targeting microRNAs and transcription factors is vital for increasing photosynthesis and plant productivity, especially under stress conditions. This review highlights potential biological targets, the genetic modifications of which are aimed at improving photosynthesis and increasing plant productivity, thereby determining key areas for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Current strategies and future perspectives in biological hydrogen production : A review

Author

Ramprakash, Balasubramani, Lindblad, Peter, Eaton-Rye, Julian J., Incharoensakdi, Aran, Ramprakash, Balasubramani, Lindblad, Peter, Eaton-Rye, Julian J., and Incharoensakdi, Aran

Abstract

Biohydrogen is a green and eco-friendly energy carrier with the potential to reduce our dependency on fossil fuels. Renewable biohydrogen production from waste biomass sources is potentially cheap; however, large-scale commercial production has not yet been achieved. Problems that need to be tackled include identifying industrially competent microorganisms, and appropriate bioreactor designs enabling novel hybrid methods such as integration of dark fermentation with electro-fermentation and utilization of microbial organisms doped with semiconducting nanomaterials for enhanced production. This review focuses on the production of hydrogen by biological methods, highlighting various fermentation processes, the role of enzymes, and different pretreatment methods. The waste materials used are briefly summarized, and current strategies in biological hydrogen production, including biomimetic and synthetic biology approaches, are assessed for their economic feasibility and their potential to contribute to net zero carbon emission. The lignocellulosic waste and the dynamic membrane bioreactor are the best suitable biomass and bioreactor, respectively for biohydrogen production. The integrated method of dark fermentation and electro-fermentation yields 41% higher hydrogen compared with dark fermentation alone. Finally, this review points out that significant efforts focusing on the development of hybrid fermentation technologies along with the development of novel engineered strains are needed for the commercial-scale production of biohydrogen in the future.

Published
2022
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