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With the new discoveries enabled thanks to the recent space missions, stellar physics is going through a revolution. However, these discoveries opened the door to many new questions that require more observations. The European Space Agency's Human and Robotic Exploration program provides an excellent opportunity to push forward the limits of our knowledge and better understand stellar structure and dynamics evolution. Long-term observations, Ultra-Violet observations, and a stellar imager are a few highlights of proposed missions for late-type stars that will enhance the already planned space missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different methods are possible for estimating tidal deformations of Earth and telluric planets. On the one hand, the code ALMA 3 solves analytically the governing equations in considering symmetrical and incompressible bodies with homogeneous layers and different possible rheologies. Tidal deformations are considered with periodic excitation functions and the output of the model is frequency-dependent complex Love numbers. On the other hand, the 3-D finite element code CitcomSVE integrates numerically the governing equations with possibly lateral variations in viscoelastic structures on the regional and global scales. In this work, we present how tidal deformations have been implemented in CitcomSVE by the introduction of a periodic forcing potential. For validation and benchmarking, we realized comparisons between the ALMA 3 output for Moon tidal deformations and the numerical CitcomSVE in terms of frequency-dependent Love numbers k 2 and h 2 real and imaginary parts with 1-D viscoelastic structure. Considering two possible profiles for the Moon,we compared the frequency-dependent quality factor deduced from ALMA 3 with the one obtained with CitcomSVE. We found that with a sufficient numerical resolution for CitcomSVE (with an horizontal resolution of about 14 km and 10 - 5 for numerical accuracy), the results of the two methods for computing tidal deformations (i.e., k 2 and h 2 ) and quality factor Q are in good agreement for different periods including the monthly period (less than 0.025% for the real part of Love numbers and for the Q, about 1% for periods of excitation from 5 to 10 8 days). We also computed tidal dissipation energy from CitcomSVE and found it consistent with that expected from quality factor calculation. Our study demonstrates the potential for CitcomSVE to be applied for planetary tidal deformation calculations for a planet with a 3-D structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections' (NEX-GDDP) CMIP6 models' performance in simulating extreme climate indices across China and its eight subregions for the period 2081–2100 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The models effectively reproduce the spatial patterns of extreme high temperatures, especially in northern China. They show enhanced capabilities in accurately simulating the maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx) and the number of high temperature days (T35). They improve the cold bias of the TXx index in Northwest China and warm bias in South China. In terms of precipitation, the models demonstrate strong performance, evidenced by significant spatial correlations in total wet day precipitation (PTOT) simulations. They reduce the biases of PTOT and simple daily intensity (SDII) compared to CMIP6 models. Regionally, they enhance PTOT accuracy along southern coasts and in Yunnan, better captures very heavy precipitation days (R20) in the Southwest region, max 5-day precipitation (RX5D) in North China and Southwest region, and SDII in the Northeast region and Yunnan. Under SSP5-8.5 scenario, significant impacts include increased TXx in Northwest China, more heatwave days in Southwest China, and more T35 in South China. Extreme precipitation will become more frequent in South and East China, with the greatest intensity increases in Southwest China (SWC1). North China will see fewest consecutive dry days (CDD) indices, while consecutive wet days (CWD) will prominently rise in SWC1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Humans can survive for several weeks without food, several days without water, but only a few minutes without oxygen. Sufficient availability of oxygen in the surrounding air is therefore vital. Particularly in extreme environments such as mines, submarines, tunnels or in high altitudes or aerospace. Technical solutions are therefore required to maintain the oxygen supply in regular operation as well as in the event of accidents. In particular, the role of chemicals and processes used for oxygen fixation and release are highlighted. Nature has also found fascinating ways to deal with the element oxygen and to use it in seemingly hostile places on planet Earth. Thus, in addition to the anatomical structure of the respiratory apparatus of mammals such as whales or of birds, different oxygen transport proteins in the blood are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While being successful in the detection and attribution of climate change, the optimal fingerprinting method (OFM) may have some limitations from a physics-and-dynamics-based viewpoint. Here, an analysis is made on the linearity, non-interaction, and stationary-variability assumptions adopted by OFM. It is suggested that furthering OFM needs a viewpoint beyond statistical science, and the method should be combined with theoretical tools in the dynamics and physics of the Earth system, so as to be applied for the detection and attribution of nonlinear climate change including tipping elements within the Earth system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three largest impact craters, the remains of which have been found on Earth to date, had diameters of about 200 km immediately after formation. The search for traces of larger impact structures continues. This paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the formation of terrestrial impact craters larger than those already found. It is shown that the inferred geothermal gradient significantly influences the initial geometry of the impact melt region, which may facilitate the search for the remains of deeply eroded ancient impact structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating solar eclipses presents a formidable challenge in the design of spacecraft orbits, particularly in the case of a distant retrograde orbit (DRO), which is susceptible to significant solar eclipse threats. This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the occurrence characteristics and patterns of both Moon and Earth eclipses on a DRO. The proposed approach involves a two-stage design procedure, encompassing initial orbit selection and orbit extension. The initial orbit selection method primarily focuses on mitigating Earth eclipses by employing the out-of-plane motion inherent in a DRO. The study meticulously explores the influence of three pivotal elements — amplitude, period, and initial phase — on the efficacy of Earth eclipse avoidance. Concurrently, when faced with unavoidable solar eclipses of the initial orbit, a series of tiny maneuvers are systematically applied to extend the baseline orbit. The parameter design space is discretized, and a tree search method is employed to identify viable maneuver sequences. The research successfully achieves the long-term stabilization of the baseline DRO, ensuring that solar eclipses do not exceed 2 h in 10 years. The proposed method's robustness and applicability are substantiated through validation under the ephemeris model. • The occurrence characteristics and patterns of eclipses on DRO are analyzed. • The two-stage design approach contains initial state selection and orbit extension. • The out-of-plane motion of quasi-DRO is leveraged to mitigate Earth eclipses. • Maneuvers are applied to extend the DRO baseline, using the tree search method. • The robustness and applicability of the method validated under the ephemeris model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article challenges the conventional dating of Shakespeare's plays and presents evidence to support earlier dates for The Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, and The Tempest. It discusses the difficulties of determining dates based on publication and performance records and suggests that the plays may have been written for court performances. The text explores various allusions and potential influences on Shakespeare's plays, including references to other works and the possibility of Oxford being the true author. It also examines the presence and influence of Hamlet in Elizabethan literature and discusses connections between different plays. Additionally, the article explores the potential influence of other playwrights on Shakespeare's works, such as George Chapman, Ben Jonson, and John Marston's play "Eastward Ho!" The author argues for a reevaluation of the chronology of Shakespeare's plays based on these allusions and influences. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The assessment of the thermal energy performance of earth-based buildings with respect to the semi-arid Mediterranean climate of Morocco is scarce, even if the country is historically known for its earthen dwellings. According to this need, this work aims to understand and evaluate the indoor thermal comfort and energy performances of passive building in two different locations. We have used EnergyPlus modeling tool and in addition, the monitored ten-day indoor temperatures in two different thermal zones in the test prototype to justify the empirical validation of Building Energy Model. The findings demonstrate, the use of compressed earth blocks coupled with passive design strategies provides better comfort and great sustainability. Thus, the summer discomfort hours are reduced about 12% for both cities compared to conventional building. However, the combination of semi-arid climate-responsive passive design has allowed to reach a thermal energy intensity reduction difference from 20 to 65 kWh.m-2.y-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planet earth is facing an unprecedented level of environmental crisis fuelled primarily by the exorbitant level of carbon stock in the atmosphere. Hence, our sustainable living in this planet depends greatly on mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission. This calls for a paradigm shift of energy epicentre from traditional fossil fuels to renewable energy. The transition, however, is not smooth because numerous obstacles deter large-scale penetration of renewable energy. This study aims to examine the impact of financial stress on renewable energy consumption in the USA. We avail nonparametric and quantile econometric techniques on monthly data between 1986 and 2016. Results show a negative effect of financial stress on renewable energy consumption in the long run. Analysis further shows that financial stress unidirectionally Granger causes renewable energy in the long run—with greater prominence in the upper half of the distribution. However, consumers tend to substitute fossil fuel with renewable energy during the time of higher financial stress, perhaps as an attempt to seek relief from augmented financial strain. This implies that the benefits of adopting renewables are considerable notwithstanding the (energy generation) project scale and adoption rate in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have become estranged from the cosmic movements, according to Bataille. We are confined by the error linked to the representation of ‘the stationary earth’. We have negated the immersive immanence of the whole and made nature into a fixed world of tools and things. How then do we recognise ourselves as part of the ‘rapture of the heavens’? Bataille urges us to consider life as a solar phenomenon, the free play of solar energy on the earth. This paper argues how Bataille’s cosmic vision anticipates both planetary and ecological thinking. This entails a base materialism of difference based on a radical Nietzschean and Heraclitean theory of becoming and flux. This thought is developed along Bataillean concepts such as the movement of the whole, the labyrinthine, and compound beings, ipseity, as well as the concept of a communifying movement. This materialism paired with Vladimir Vernadsky’s biosphere lays the foundation for the laws of the general economy, which also constitutes an economy inclusive of a general ecology: a tragic vision of Gaia and Dionysos. Finally, poetry is considered, as a way we might reconnect with the universe and stimulate ecological imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation is a critical part of the global hydrological cycle that determines the distribution of water resources. It is also an essential meteorological variable used as input for hydroclimatic models and projections. However, precipitation data frequently lack complete series, especially at daily and sub‐daily precipitation stations, which are usually large, bulky, and complex. To address this, gap filling is commonly used to produce complete hydrometeorological data series without missing values. Several gap‐filling methods have been developed and improved. This study seeks to fill the gaps of 201 daily precipitation time series in Central Italy by localizing the approach used to generate the Serially Complete dataset for the Planet Earth (SC‐Earth). This method combines the outcome of 15 strategies based on four various gap‐filling techniques (quantile mapping, spatial interpolation, machine learning, and multi‐strategy merging). These strategies employ the daily dataset of the neighbouring stations and the matched ERA5 data to estimate missing values at the target stations. Both raw data and the final serially complete station datasets (SCDs) underwent comprehensive quality control. Many accuracy indicators have been utilized to evaluate the performance of the strategies' estimations and the final SCD, such as Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root mean square error (RMSE), Relative bias (Bias %), and Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE″). Multi‐strategy merging strategy based on the Modified Kling‐Gupta efficiency (MS1) shows the highest performance as an individual precipitation gap‐filling strategy. However, the machine learning strategy using random forest (ML3) has the most outstanding share in the final estimates among all other strategies. In the end, the temporal–spatial performance of the final SCD is promising and depends on the pattern of the missing values (MV%). The mean values of KGE″, CC, variability (α), and bias term (β) are 0.9, 0.93, 1.064, and 4.98 × 10−7, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a billion years of fungal evolution has enabled representatives of this kingdom to populate almost all parts of planet Earth and to adapt to some of its most uninhabitable environments including extremes of temperature, salinity, pH, water, light, or other sources of radiation. Cryomyces antarcticus is an endolithic fungus that inhabits rock outcrops in Antarctica. It survives extremes of cold, humidity and solar radiation in one of the least habitable environments on Earth. This fungus is unusual because it produces heavily melanized, meristematic growth and is thought to be haploid and asexual. Due to its growth in the most extreme environment, it has been suggested as an organism that could survive on Mars. However, the mechanisms it uses to achieve its extremophilic nature are not known. Comparative genomics can provide clues to the processes underlying biological diversity, evolution, and adaptation. This effort has been greatly facilitated by the 1000 Fungal Genomes project and the JGI MycoCosm portal where sequenced genomes have been assembled into phylogenetic and ecological groups representing different projects, lifestyles, ecologies, and evolutionary histories. Comparative genomics within and between these groups provides insights into fungal adaptations, for example to extreme environmental conditions. Here, we analyze two Cryomyces genomes in the context of additional psychrophilic fungi, as well as non-psychrophilic fungi with diverse lifestyles selected from the MycoCosm database. This analysis identifies families of genes that are expanded and contracted in Cryomyces and other psychrophiles and may explain their extremophilic lifestyle. Higher GC contents of genes and of bases in the third positions of codons may help to stabilize DNA under extreme conditions. Numerous smaller contigs in C. antarcticus suggest the presence of an alternative haplotype that could indicate the sequenced isolate is diploid or dikaryotic. These analyses provide a first step to unraveling the secrets of the extreme lifestyle of C. antarcticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the regionally refined mesh (RRM) configuration of the US Department of Energy's Simple Cloud-Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model (SCREAM), we simulate and evaluate four meteorologically distinct atmospheric river events over California. We test five different RRM configurations, each differing in terms of the areal extent of the refined mesh and the resolution (ranging from 800 m to 3.25 km). We find that SCREAM RRM generally has a good representation of the AR-generated precipitation in CA, even for the control simulation which has a very small 3 km refined patch, and is able to capture the fine-scale regional distributions that are controlled largely by the fine-scale topography of the state. It is found that SCREAM generally has a wet bias over topography, most prominently over the Sierra Nevada mountain range, with a corresponding dry bias on the lee side. We find that refining the resolution beyond 3 km (specifically 1.6 km and 800 m) has virtually no benefit towards reducing systematic precipitation biases but that improvements can be found when increasing the areal extent of the upstream refined mesh. However, these improvements are relatively modest and only realized if the size of the refined mesh is expanded to the scale where employing RRM no longer achieves the substantial cost benefit it was intended for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and predicting the geoeffectiveness of solar activity on Earth is crucial for space weather. Therefore, predicting the impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their associated interplanetary (IP) shocks on Earth is essential. Observations of CMEs near the Sun can be used for these prediction and to study their propagation and evolution in IP space. Commonly used international models do not accurately predict whether and when IP shocks would reach Earth, thus failing to meet the demands of space weather forecasting. This study investigated the geoeffectiveness of solar-IP disturbance events, focusing on type II radio bursts from 1996 to 2019 (solar cycles 23 and 24). The study results showed that during this period, Wind/WAVES detected 623 type II bursts and 541 IP shocks at the L1 point, where 181 type II bursts were associated with L1 shocks. Approximately 29% of the IP shocks associated with type II bursts reached Earth, and approximately 34% of the IP shocks at the L1 point were accompanied by these bursts. IP type II radio bursts and their cutoff frequencies can serve as indicators of the geoeffectiveness of CMEs towards Earth. IP shocks accompanied by type II radio bursts cause stronger geomagnetic responses than those without the associated type II radio bursts. Lower cutoff frequencies of type II radio bursts increase the probability that the corresponding shocks reaching Earth, intensifying the geomagnetic response of the shock. Consequently, the presence of IP type II radio bursts and can serve as indicators of geoeffectiveness of the Earth-directed CMEs. Further, they help improve the accuracy of forecasting the geoeffectiveness of CME/shock events towards Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the development of Chempath : an open-source pathway analysis program for photochemical models. This algorithm can help understand the results of complex photochemical models by identifying the most important reaction chains (pathways) for the production and destruction of a species of interest in a reaction system. The algorithm can also quantify the contribution of the pathways to the production and destruction of a species. We demonstrate how to apply Chempath to a one-dimensional photochemical model, using an example of a reaction system for Earth's present-day atmosphere. We validate that Chempath can identify well-known chemical mechanisms for O3 production and destruction in this model, suggesting that this algorithm can be applied to understand photochemical models of less well-known atmospheres, like past and exoplanet atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary In recent years, technological developments with user demands, reduced production, and launch costs have rapidly increased the number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in space. Since LEO satellites use the same frequency band as existing Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, the interference coordination between the two satellite networks is vital. In order to minimize the co‐existent interference between these satellite networks, studies perform on different interference mitigation strategies. In this paper, analysis and comparative assessment of these interference mitigation techniques are presented for the co‐existent Non‐Geostationary Earth (NGEO) and GEO systems. More specifically, power control (PC) and spatial isolation‐based link adaptation (SILA) techniques are studied comparatively for the performance evaluation. It is shown that the communication link bandwidth is more efficiently utilized in the SILA technique when compared with the PC technique. Moreover, the multi‐objective optimization problem (MOP) approach in the SILA technique is demonstrated to be more effective when compared with the single‐objective optimization problem (SOP) approach used in the PC technique as the simultaneous prioritizing objective functions outperforms single prioritization. Finally, it is shown that when the PC technique is applied together with the SILA technique, the exclusive angle (EA) can be reduced up to 8% for 100 Mbps, and 8.5% for 200 Mbps transmission bit rates in different operational scenarios. The presented performance evaluation in this paper may help the satellite operator or decision‐maker gain insights on which mitigation technique can be used in the case of a co‐existent interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) holds several petabytes of climate data distributed across millions of files held in data centers worldwide. Obtaining and manipulating the scientific information (climate variables) held in these files is non-trivial. The ESGF Virtual Aggregation is one of several solutions to providing an out-of-the-box aggregated and analysis ready view of those variables. Here we discuss the ESGF Virtual Aggregation in the context of the existing infrastructure, and some of those other solutions providing analysis ready data. We describe how it is constructed, how it can be used, and provide some performance evaluation. It will be seen that the ESGF Virtual Aggregation provides a sustainable solution to some of the problems encountered in producing analysis ready data, without the cost of data replication to different formats, albeit at the cost of more data movement within the analysis than some alternatives. If heavily used, it may also require more ESGF data servers than are currently deployed in data node deployments. The need for such data servers should be a component of ongoing discussions about the future of the ESGF and its constituent core services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against women (VAW) and violence against the Earth (VAE) have always shared a unique and complex associa- tion yet to be explored. The fields of VAW and VAE have evolved in separate routes, with divergent theoretical foundations but with little integration. While the impact of VAW has received much attention over the years, relatively little thought has gone into the intersections. Drawing parallels between society’s treatment of the physical and natural environment and its treatment of women, this paper will pull in insights to broaden and clarify the way VAW has been conceptualized, its association with the physical and natural environment (Mother Earth), and the constructs and the commitments that flow from them. In this paper, we formulate, cast, and present an expanded understanding of the relationship between violence against the physical and the natural environment and VAW. The article, an offshoot of our conceptualization on the inter-linkages between VAW and VAE, is being submitted for interpretation and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an overview of the UK's Global Sea Ice model configuration version 9 (GSI9), the sea ice component of the latest Met Office Global Coupled model, GC5. The GC5 configuration will, amongst other uses, form the physical basis for the HadGEM3 (Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3) climate model and UKESM2 (UK Earth System Model version 2) Earth system model that will provide the Met Office Hadley Centre/UK model contributions to CMIP7 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7). Although UK ocean model configurations have been developed for many years around the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean modelling framework, the GSI9 configuration is the first UK sea ice model configuration to use the new native NEMO sea ice model, SI3 (Sea Ice modelling Integrated Initiative). This replaces the CICE (Community Ice CodE) model used in previous configuration versions. In this paper we document the physical and technical options used within the GSI9 sea ice configuration. We provide details of the implementation of SI3 into the Met Office coupled model and the adaptations required to work with our "conductivity coupling" approach and provide a thorough description of the GC5 coupling methodology. A brief evaluation of sea ice simulated by the GC5 model is included, with results compared to observational references and a previous Global Coupled model version (GC3.1) used for CMIP6, to demonstrate the scientific credibility of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional average acceleration approach relies on K-band range observation, containing an unknown bias, which leads to possible degradation of the precision of Earth's gravity field modelling. It also suffers from correlated errors caused by three-point numerical differentiation. In this study, an improved approach is proposed that makes use of K-band range-rate observations instead and overcoming the influence of correlated errors by introducing a whitening filter. GRACE-Follow On data spanning the period from January 2019 to December 2022 were processed by the proposed approach and a series of time-varying gravity field models was derived, referred to as SSM-AAA-GFO in this paper. This model series is compared comprehensively with three official model series. Results demonstrate that all model series are highly coincident below degree 30 and reflect similar time-varying gravity field signals in both large and small basins. After filtering, SSM-AAA-GFO shows uncertainty, in the form of equivalent water height below 2.5 cm, which is comparable with three official model series. The comparison results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach for precisely modelling a time-varying gravity field based on K-band range-rate observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate-change refugia can support biodiversity by maintaining buffered conditions despite climate change and are a critical tool for the unfolding extinction crisis. Despite their capacity to protect biodiversity, climate-change refugia will be increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of multiple interacting stressors and may hence require management. Effective protection of biodiversity under climate change can be facilitated by managing or newly establishing climate-change refugia on the basis of multiple factors and processes that create them. Using four clear steps, appropriate actions to maintain climate-change refugia, ranging from minimal management to more extensive restoration efforts, can be determined. Identifying and managing climate-change refugia can reduce extinctions and contribute to landscapes that are holistically managed for biodiversity conservation under climate change. Earth is facing simultaneous biodiversity and climate crises. Climate-change refugia – areas that are relatively buffered from climate change – can help address both of these problems by maintaining biodiversity components when the surrounding landscape no longer can. However, this capacity to support biodiversity is often vulnerable to severe climate change and other stressors. Thus, management actions need to consider the complex and multidimensional nature of refugia. We outline an approach to understand refugia-promoting processes and to evaluate refugial capacity to determine suitable management actions. Our framework applies climate-change refugia as tools to facilitate resistance in modern conservation planning. Such refugia-focused management can reduce extinctions and maintain biodiversity under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses an outdoor science activity called "Orienteering" that focuses on teaching students about the solar system. The activity involves creating a scale model of the solar system using physical models of the Sun and planets. The models are placed outdoors, with Earth located 100 meters from the Sun, and the other planets positioned at corresponding distances. Participants are given clues and tools to locate the planets, such as rulers, protractors, and maps. The activity aims to help students develop an understanding of the sizes, distances, and positions of the planets in the solar system. It can be adapted for different age groups and has been successful in various educational settings. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) is a network architecture created basically to overcome non-continuing connectivity. There has been a great deal of research on this topic, from space communication to terrestrial applications. Since there are still many places on earth where there is no means of communication, the focus of this work is on the latest. A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to know the main issues and advances related to the implementation of DTN for terrestrial and TCP/IP applications, especially in places where telecommunication infrastructure is lacking. The result is a classification of papers based on key aspects, such as architecture, performance, routing, and applications. A matrix of all the papers about these aspects is included to help researchers find the missing piece and concrete terrestrial solutions. The matrix uses three colors, green, yellow, and red according to the focus, either high, medium, or low, so that it is easy to identify specific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the primary greenhouse gases, plays a key role in global warming and is one of the culprits in the climate change crisis. Therefore, the use of appropriate CO2 capture and storage technologies is of significant importance for the future of planet Earth due to atmospheric, climate, and environmental concerns. A cleaner and more sustainable approach to CO2 capture and storage using porous materials, membranes, and amine-based sorbents could offer excellent possibilities. Here, sucrose-derived porous carbon particles (PCPs) were synthesized as adsorbents for CO2 capture. Next, these PCPs were modified with branched- and linear-polyethyleneimine (B-PEI and L-PEI) as B-PEI-PCP and L-PEI-PCP, respectively. These PCPs and their PEI-modified forms were then used to prepare metal nanoparticles such as Co, Cu, and Ni in situ as M@PCP and M@L/B-PEI-PCP (M: Ni, Co, and Cu). The presence of PEI on the PCP surface enables new amine functional groups, known for high CO2 capture ability. The presence of metal nanoparticles in the structure may be used as a catalyst to convert the captured CO2 into useful products, e.g., fuels or other chemical compounds, at high temperatures. It was found that B-PEI-PCP has a larger surface area and higher CO2 capture capacity with a surface area of 32.84 m2/g and a CO2 capture capacity of 1.05 mmol CO2/g adsorbent compared to L-PEI-PCP. Amongst metal-nanoparticle-embedded PEI-PCPs (M@PEI-PCPs, M: Ni, Co, Cu), Ni@L-PEI-PCP was found to have higher CO2 capture capacity, 0.81 mmol CO2/g adsorbent, and a surface area of 225 m2/g. These data are significant as they will steer future studies for the conversion of captured CO2 into useful fuels/chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Magma ocean crystallization models that track fO2 evolution can reproduce the D/H ratios of both the Earth and Mars without the need for exogenous processes. Fractional crystallization leads to compositional evolution of the bulk oxide components. Recent work suggests that metal‐saturated magma oceans may contain near‐present‐day Fe3+ concentrations. We model the fractional crystallization of Earth and Mars, including Fe2+ and Fe3+ as separate components. We calculate Fe3+ partition coefficients for lower mantle minerals and compare the results of fractional crystallization for both Earth and Mars. We calculate oxygen fugacity (fO2) at the surface as the systems evolve and compare them to constraints on the fO2 of the last magma ocean atmosphere from D/H ratios, both with and without metal saturation. For Earth, we find that Fe3+ likely behaves incompatibly in the lower mantle in order to match the D/H constraint for whole mantle models, but shallow magma ocean models also provide reasonable matches. Disproportionation in whole mantle magma oceans likely overpredicts the amount of Fe3+ and metal that form or require subsequent reduction to return to present‐day values. For Mars, we cannot match the D/H constraints on last fO2 unless the magma ocean begins with <50% of the predicted Fe3+, but better match the present day mantle redox. We show that Fe3+ partitioning has a measurable effect on magma ocean redox, and that it evolves throughout the magma ocean's lifetime. We highlight the need for additional experimental constraints on ferric iron mineral/melt partitioning and more thermodynamic data for the Fe‐disproportionation reaction. Plain Language Summary: During the formation of planets such as Earth and Mars, many undergo a stage in which their rocky mantles are almost fully molten, called a magma ocean. The crystallization of different minerals as the magma ocean cools leads to changes in the composition of the melt. The melt maintains contact with the atmosphere throughout this stage, so changes in the melt's composition, especially the availability of oxygen, can lead to changes in the atmosphere's composition. In this paper, we use a model that looks at how the melt's composition changes, with a special focus on how different types (or species) of iron (Fe2+, Fe3+) behave as minerals form. We tested different depths of the magma oceans and initial compositions. For Earth, shallow magma ocean models produce results that agree with information that we have about the composition of the last atmosphere in contact with the magma ocean better than whole mantle models. For Mars, all of the models produce similar results but predict too much Fe3+ formation to be successful in recreating the last atmosphere, but match present‐day Mars relatively well. Key Points: We model mineral/melt partitioning during magma ocean crystallization using new Fe3+ partition coefficients for lower mantle mineralsWe calculate oxygen fugacity (fO2) of outgassing at the surface for Earth and Mars magma oceans and match to constraints from planetary D/HFor Earth, fractionated shallow magma ocean models (<1,000 km) match constraints, but Mars must start Fe3+‐depleted to match constraints [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleurotus, a significant contributor, offers a comprehensive solution to malnutrition, food insecurity, health issues, unemployment, and ecological imbalances. Pleurotus species are known for their nutritional, edible, therapeutic, enzymatic, and adaptive capabilities, effectively utilising many agro-industrial wastes. Their production and consumption rates are steadily increasing, providing delicacy and natural immune-boosting services to communities. Moreover, Pleurotus plays a role in the fight against viral infectious diseases, including Covid-19. The strong enzymatic system of Pleurotus species aids in bioremediating harsh pollutants, sustaining ecological balance in ways not achievable by other saprophytic, cultivable edible mushrooms. With its temperature tolerance and ability to grow on various substrates, Pleurotus emerges as the most suitable economic agricultural crop. It can be adopted as a cottage industry, offering self-employment opportunities without requiring substantial capital investment. This review aims to elucidate the nutritional, medicinal, environmental, and economic values of Pleurotus species, highlighting their potential to support life on Earth and the planet itself, as well as their role in promoting environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are essential for monitoring Earth’s rotational irregularities, impacting satellite navigation, space exploration, and climate forecasting. This study introduces a hybrid prediction model combining least-squares (LS) and vector autoregression (VAR) to improve Earth’s Pole Coordinates (x, y) forecast accuracy. Using daily sampled IERS EOP 20 C04 data from 2013 to 2023, we conducted 1,000 yearly random trials, performing 48 forecasts per year. Our method evaluates six data combinations, including primary variables (x, y) and their derivatives ( x ̇ , y ̇ $\dot{x},\dot{y}$ ). Results show a systematic improvement in prediction accuracy, especially for ultra-short-term forecasts (10 days into future), with derivative information stabilizing the solutions. The best-performing combination ( x , y , x ̇ , y ̇ $x,y,\dot{x},\dot{y}$ ) achieved a mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) reduction (with respect to the reference data combination – x, y) of up to 8 % for the y and 7 % for the x over a whole 30-day forecast horizon. These findings highlight the effectiveness of incorporating derivatives of polar motion time series into prediction procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this article, ecosexual artists and activists Beth Stephens & Annie Sprinkle re-envision our planet as a butch dyke in menopause. This displacement of the “mother” earth trope re-orients the urgent questions of climate change and consent. Acknowledging the common pitfalls of anthropomorphism, they argue that imagining the Earth as a butch dyke lover enables a radically embodied and joyous mode of environmentalist politics. Stephens and Sprinkle situate their bodies in continuity with the earth in a relationship of queer interdependency as they invent new ways of being in the world that disengage from an abusive, extractive relation to the earth through the cultivation of a loving, playful relationship with our planet. They envision Butch Earth as a switch who invites us into a multitude of embodied, sensual, mindful responses beyond the limits of self-other paradigms. To counter the dominionistic practice of extraction and exploitation, the artists propose an ethical practice of co-sense, rather than consent, in which humans attune themselves to the earth via the senses, a process enabled by repeated, communal, non-monogamous marriages to the planet. Stephens & Sprinkle’s curiosity and imagination invite the reader to play and perhaps think about the Earth reciprocally in a relationship grounded by love and sensuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting life has driven research and exploration for centuries, but recent attempts to compile and generate a framework that summarizes life features, aimed to develop strategies for life detection missions beyond planet Earth, have disregarded a key life feature: behavior. Yet, some behaviors such as biomineralization or motility have occasionally been proposed as biosignatures to detect life. Here, we capitalize on a specific taxis' motility behavior, magnetotaxis, to experimentally provide insights in support of behavior as an unambiguous, sensitive biosignature, and magnetic forces as a prescreening option. Using a magnetotactic bacterial species, Magnetospirillum magneticum, we conducted a lab sensitivity experiment comparing PCR with the hanging drop behavioral assay, using a dilution series. The hanging drop behavioral assay visually shows the motility of MTB toward magnetic poles. Our findings reveal that the behavioral assay exhibits higher sensitivity in the detection of M. magneticum when compared to the established PCR protocol. While both methods present similar detection sensitivities at high concentrations, at ≥ 10–7 fold dilutions, the behavioral method proved more sensitive. The behavioral method can detect bacteria even when samples are diluted at 10–9. Comparable results were obtained with environmental samples from the Hula Valley. We propose behavioral cues as valuable biosignatures in the ongoing efforts of life detection in unexplored aquatic habitats on Earth and to stimulate and support discussions about how to detect extant life beyond Earth. Generic and robust behavioral assays can represent a methodological revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric oxygen levels are traditionally viewed to have been relatively stable throughout Earth's history with several-step increases. Emerging evidence, however, suggests extremely dynamic atmospheric oxygen levels through large swaths of Earth's history. Here, we provide a new perspective on atmospheric oxygen evolution using a dynamical analysis to explore the relative importance of previously proposed feedbacks on the global oxygen and carbon cycles. Our results from a stochastic analysis of oxygen mass balance in this framework suggest there are multiple steady states for atmospheric oxygen, but only three stable states. One stable state under anoxic conditions (<10−5 present atmospheric level (PAL)), one at low (~10−3to 10−2 PAL), and one near modern value atmospheric oxygen levels. Our findings also suggest two unstable states (tipping points) for atmospheric oxygen: one around 10−5 and another one around 10−1 PAL. Atmospheric oxygen levels tend to be stable under anoxic, low oxygen, and near-modern conditions, with two unstable states at around 10−5 and 10−1 present atmospheric level, according to the results from a stochastic analysis of oxygen mass balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low strength and high brittleness of ice, with all attractiveness of its other properties, limit its wide application as a construction material in cold climate regions on the Earth (Arctic, Antarctic, and high-altitude regions on all continents) as well as in construction of habitable colonies on the Moon and Mars, planned by several countries. We experimentally investigated the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity and fracture energy of ice and nanocomposites on its basis by introduction of polyvinyl alcohol and SiO2 nanoparticles into their composition. The concentration dependences of the effects improving these mechanical characteristics have been studied. The fundamental possibility and quantitative laws of the transition from the brittle fracture mode in pure ice to the ductile mode with an increase in the content of additives in ice composites and, as a consequence, dramatic (by two to three orders of magnitude) increase in their fracture energy have been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) are characterised by their special relationships with their traditional lands and the natural world, which are essential to their physical and cultural survival, identity, knowledge, and spirituality. They are custodians of the land; however, often made invisible and voiceless in the face of irreversible destruction caused by human-induced planetary change. This Special Issue (SI) is inspired by the stories, worldviews, knowledge systems, and lived experiences of IPLCs worldwide. Based on the compounded impacts of global climate change and other human-induced crises on IPLCs' ancestral lands, contributors to this SI recognise that the world has entered the Anthropocene – the epoch of human-induced planetary change. While human activities are considered geologically recent, they have profoundly impacted the planet. The contributors challenge the discourse of the Anthropocene, not only because it takes humanity as the prime reference point in understanding the world but also because of its reproduction of the onto-epistemological foundations of Eurocentric philosophy, which underpins colonialism and racial capitalism. This SI opens up space for historically marginalised IPLCs' cosmologies, which embody their holistic, spiritually and physically interconnected, interdependent, and reciprocal relationships with land, the natural world, and non-human beings. It expands and pluralises the discourse of the Anthropocene through the concept of posthumanism to recognise alternative knowledge systems that decentre humanity's dominant position in understanding the world. IPLCs' onto-epistemologies align with posthuman or more-than-human ways of knowing, being, and doing, which embody their reciprocal relationships with land, non-human beings, and the natural world that are all deemed as living entities with agency. IPLCs' voices urge us to relearn our ancestral ways of understanding and interacting with the world and reconnect to our holistic relationships with the planet Earth and its beings to ensure the continuity of nature and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of scientists as prophets in the context of Christian and Islamic eco-theology. It highlights the importance of heeding prophetic warnings about the future of the planet and the need for urgent action to prevent disaster. The article also explores the historical reluctance of theologians to engage with scientific prophecies and the changing attitudes towards scientific knowledge. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of ecological sustainability and social justice, and calls for collaboration between Muslims and Christians to envision a just and sustainable world. The article concludes with a prayer for the restoration and care of the Earth. [Extracted from the article]

Summary In the Anthropocene increasingly dramatic changes for the state of planet Earth occurred due to the consequences of industrialisation. The global economy and human behaviour also led to environmental stress and damage in the limited Earth system. A rethink in many areas must take place to avoid further consequences. Because of the importance of chemistry also in the future, ethics must be anchored as a moral value system. This is where scientists are called upon through their responsibility in applying the results of science. Sustainability is also important for the preservation of the regenerative capacity of ecosystems and the careful use of resources. It is necessary that schools and universities deal with ethics in chemistry in connection with moral, responsibility and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Tidal marsh ecosystems are heavily impacted by human activities, highlighting a pressing need to address gaps in our knowledge of their distribution. To better understand the global distribution and changes in tidal marsh extent, and identify opportunities for their conservation and restoration, it is critical to develop a spatial knowledge base of their global occurrence. Here, we develop a globally consistent tidal marsh distribution map for the year 2020 at 10‐m resolution. Location: Global. Time period: 2020. Major taxa studied: Tidal marshes. Methods: To map the location of the world's tidal marshes at 10‐m resolution, we applied a random forest classification model to Earth observation data from the year 2020. We trained the classification model with a reference dataset developed to support distribution mapping of coastal ecosystems, and predicted the spatial distribution of tidal marshes between 60° N and 60° S. We validated the tidal marsh map using standard accuracy assessment methods, with our final map having an overall accuracy score of 0.85. Results: We estimate the global extent of tidal marshes in 2020 to be 52,880 km2 (95% CI: 32,030 to 59,780 km2) distributed across 120 countries and territories. Tidal marsh distribution is centred in temperate and Arctic regions, with nearly half of the global extent of tidal marshes occurring in the temperate Northern Atlantic (45%) region. At the national scale, over a third of the global extent (18,510 km2; CI: 11,200–20,900) occurs within the USA. Main conclusions: Our analysis provides the most detailed spatial data on global tidal marsh distribution to date and shows that tidal marshes occur in more countries and across a greater proportion of the world's coastline than previous mapping studies. Our map fills a major knowledge gap regarding the distribution of the world's coastal ecosystems and provides the baseline needed for measuring changes in tidal marsh extent and estimating their value in terms of ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concept of equilibrium in the work of Michel Serres. It starts with analysis of Serres's philosophy of nature and, in particular, of the Lucretian cosmology he adumbrates in his 1977 text The Birth of Physics. By beginning here, we can see that his fundamental account of the material world is framed in terms of equilibrium or, rather, as a series of different equilibria that are dynamic, internally nested and reactive to each other in complex ways. In this respect, Serres's philosophy of nature resonates with work in contemporary Earth System Science that models the planet as a complex, adaptive system trending towards homeostatic regulation. But crucially, Serres goes further by extracting from this modelling important insights into human values. That is to say, he suggests that necessary and urgent questions about what sort of people we must be and what sort of social order we must pursue can be addressed through the prism of the concept of equilibrium. At the time of the Anthropocene, when planetary stability itself seems to be at stake, with potentially catastrophic implications for present and future life on earth, Serres's work thus shows itself to be timely and apposite across a range of disciplinary applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the Paleozoic of the Sichuan and Tarim basins in China as example, the controlling effects of the Earth system evolution and multi-spherical interactions on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petroleum in China have been elaborated. By discussing the development of "source-reservoir-seal" controlled by the breakup and assembly of supercontinents and regional tectonic movements, and the mechanisms of petroleum generation and accumulation controlled by temperature-pressure system and fault conduit system, Both the South China and Tarim blocks passed through the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) of the low-latitude Hadley Cell twice during their drifts, and formed hydrocarbon source rocks with high quality. It is proposed that deep tectonic activities and surface climate evolution jointly controlled the types and stratigraphic positions of ultra-deep hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in the Sichuan and Tarim basins, forming multiple petroleum systems in the Ediacaran--Cambrian, Cambrian--Ordovician, Cambrian--Permian and Permian--Triassic strata. The matching degree of source-reservoir-seal, the type of organic matter in source rocks, the deep thermal regime of basin, and the burial-uplift process across tectonic periods collectively control the entire process from the generation to the accumulation of oil and gas. Three types of oil and gas enrichment models are formed, including near-source accumulation in platform marginal zones, distant-source accumulation in high-energy beaches through faults, and three-dimensional accumulation in strike-slip fault zones, which ultimately result in the multi-layered natural gas enrichment in ultra-deep layers of the Sichuan Basin and co-enrichment of oil and gas in the ultra-deep layers of the Tarim Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boundary between land and sea is among the most extensive and extreme ecological barriers on planet Earth. Intertidal organisms living at this junction are subject to potentially lethal conditions related to desiccation, temperature fluctuations, and wave shock. Although difficult to quantify at a global level, rocky coasts account for between a third and three-quarters of all shorelines today. Resistant to coastal erosion, rocky coasts also exhibit adaptations by marine invertebrates and marine algae within intertidal zones that are geographically widespread. Biotic composition is variable depending on the tidal range at any given place and on climatic differences between tropical and more temperate latitudes. Contemporary granite shores having low recession rates with well-established biotic zones are reviewed in three regions: Mount Desert Island in Maine, USA (44° N latitude), Mahé and Praslin islands in Seychelles (4°30′ S Latitude), and Lizard Island off the coast of Queensland, Australia (14°40′ S Latitude). The zonal composition and overall biotic diversity at these locations are compared, as well as the fossilization potential of key biota. Over the Phanerozoic time period during the last 538 million years, the ratio between land and ocean varied as a function of plate tectonics depending on the maximum dispersal or coalescence of continents and on relative changes in global sea level. Fossil biotas from a dozen paleoislands with dominant rocky shores that range from 485 million to 125,000 years in age are reviewed to show diversification through time, taking into account episodic mass extinctions. Relationships between storm tracks and volcanic eruptions that factor into physical disruptions are also considered as means of rapid burial and preservation. Themes related to rocky-shore ecology and paleoecology benefit from the cross-fertilization of ideas by marine biologists and marine paleontologists. It is hoped this review may attract a cohort of new students to these allied fields of study, especially in Asia, Africa, and South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most cases, the utilization of the costly payload onboard Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites is restricted by the limited throughput of the payload data downlink to the ground station during the visibility window. The usefulness of these data in critical applications reduces due to the large latency of the process. Different techniques involving efficient modulation schemes, increased power within the allowed level and frequency band, and capacity enhancement using close-by satellites have been studied and implemented with their relative merits and limitations in an attempt to reduce the latency of the data to the user. The present study proposes a constellation of low-cost data relay satellites placed in the same orbital plane along with the main satellite, increasing directly the effective visibility window. As a result, the utility of the main satellite is also increased by the same factor. A detailed analysis of the constellation and configuration of the relay satellites is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]