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3 results on '"EXTREME NATURAL DISASTER"'

1. A two-stage decision-making approach for optimal design and operation of integrated energy systems considering multiple uncertainties and diverse resilience needs.

Author

Lv, Hang, Wu, Qiong, Ren, Hongbo, Li, Qifen, and Zhou, Weisheng

Subjects
*STRUCTURAL optimization, *POWER resources, *ENERGY consumption, *NATURAL disasters, *ENERGY industries
Abstract

The enhancement of energy system resilience from a planning perspective is crucial. In this study, a two-stage resilience optimization model is developed to determine the optimal additional configuration and scheduling plan for an integrated energy system, taking into account economic costs, loss of load, and various resilience indicators. Considering the uncertainty of disaster occurrence and component vulnerability, probabilities of multiple energy interruption scenarios are introduced, and a comprehensive system configuration optimization model targeting annual energy supply cost and loss of load is developed. Following which, accounting for the personalized energy demands of end-users, three resilience indicators, namely load importance, energy interruption duration, and the maximum degree of system damage, are proposed. According to the simulation results of an illustrative example, the proposed method effectively improve system resilience. Compared to the baseline solution from pure economic perspective, the total cost increases by 0.38 %, while the load loss decreases by 6.84 %. From the demand-side viewpoints, three resilience indicators are improved by 12.17 %, 11.8 %, and 20 %, respectively. Moreover, the capacity of renewable energy is recognized as the most critical factor determining the load loss over the planning period. Storage devices are more beneficial in reducing the duration of energy interruptions and lowering the maximum damage degree. • Uncertainty probability of extreme natural disasters is considered. • A two-stage decision-making framework is proposed for integrated energy systems. • The proposed resilience indicators are aligned with diverse resilience needs of end-users. • The resilience performances of both energy conversion and storage devices are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Kenya Toward a National Crop and Livestock Insurance Program : Summary of Policy Suggestions

Author

World Bank Group

Subjects
INFORMATION, INVESTMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE, EXTREME POVERTY, REINSURANCE, INSURANCE COMPANIES, WEATHER INSURANCE, INSURANCE RISK, AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE SCHEME, PROGRAMS, INSURANCE COMPANY, DISASTER REDUCTION, GOVERNMENT INSURANCE, LOSS, INSURANCE COVERAGE, RISK ASSESSMENT, FINANCIAL SECTOR, LIVESTOCK INSURANCE, LOSSES, REINSURANCE COMPANIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, CREDIT UNIONS, INCOME, BENEFICIARIES, INVESTMENTS, REINSURANCE MARKETS, CRED, CATASTROPHIC LOSSES, EDUCATION, INCENTIVES, COVERAGE, PRIVATE INSURANCE, INSURANCE COVER, REINSURERS, CROP INSURANCE, BANK, LOANS, TECHNOLOGIES, CONSUMER PROTECTION, FARMERS, RISK MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE, GREENHOUSE INSURANCE, SOLVENCY, INSURERS, COMMERCIAL INSURANCE, MARKETS, DISASTER SITUATIONS, FINANCE, SUSTAINABILITY, FLOOD, RELIEF ASSISTANCE, RATES, DISASTER RESPONSES, WELFARE, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, POLICYHOLDERS, UNDERWRITING, RELIEF EFFORTS, PREMIUMS, PRICING, EXTREME NATURAL DISASTER, SUBSISTENCE FARMERS, RELIEF, GUARANTEES, MARKET FAILURE, NATURAL HAZARDS, NEGOTIATIONS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, MARKET, CLAIMS, INSURANCE PRODUCT, DROUGHTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSUMERS, FLOODING, COINSURANCE, NATURAL DISASTER SITUATIONS, INSURANCE POLICY, CONTINGENT LIABILITY, LONG-TERM FINANCING, PORTFOLIO, DROUGHT, VALUE, RISK, CROP INSURANCE PROGRAM, INSURER, DERIVATIVES, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, FOOD SECURITY, INSURANCE MARKET, FARMER, CREDIT INSURANCE, POLICIES, EMERGENCY, POLICY, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, ECONOMIC IMPACT, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, SAFETY, DISASTERS, REGULATION, INSURANCE, INSURANCE SOLUTIONS, PRICE, NATURAL DISASTERS, BANKS, AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, DISASTER RELIEF, INSURANCE SCHEMES, NATURAL DISASTER, CREDIT, BENEFITS, DISASTER RISK FINANCING, TECHNOLOGY, MARKET FAILURES, AGENTS, FLOODS, PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES, INSURANCE PRODUCTS, INDEMNITY, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, INSURANCE PORTFOLIO, DISASTER, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, SAVINGS, CLIMATE, DISASTER RISK, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, INSURANCE MARKETS, INSURANCE SCHEME, INSURANCE CONTRACTS, INTERNATIONAL REINSURANCE, LAW
Abstract

At the request of the government of Kenya and under its guidance, a team of national and international experts conducted an appraisal of different agricultural insurance options for Kenya.This appraisal, as set out in this document and the accompanying technical analysis, lays out the costs and benefits of developing large-scale agricultural insurance that involves both the public and private spheres.The analysis considers potential structures for large-scale agricultural insurance in Kenya, the fiscal cost to the government of Kenya, and the economic benefits for farmers and pastoralists. In order for it to partner with the private sector to prepare and implement a large scale agricultural insurance program, the government should consider taking the following next steps.The government of Kenya may build on there commendations by the Program Steering Committee to take the lead in formulating a national policy on agriculture insurance, in cooperation with county administrations and private insurance companies. The government of Kenya may develop a road map for establishing the institutions required for large-scale agricultural insurance programs, with the goal of covering at least a fifth of Kenya’s agricultural producers. As next steps for establishing livestock insurance, the government of Kenya may decide how to integrate the proposed insurance product with other existing protection mechanisms. As next steps for crop insurance, the government of Kenya may seek consultations with agricultural banks and work with private sector insurers to develop a data audit system acceptable to international reinsurers.

Published
2015

3. Indonesia : Advancing a National Disaster Risk Financing Strategy--Options for Consideration

Author

World Bank

Subjects
DISASTER EVENT, EVACUATION, STORM, RISK ANALYSIS, REINSURANCE, FIRE, INSURANCE COMPANIES, DISASTER EVENTS, HURRICANE, INSURANCE COMPANY, CONTINGENCY PLAN, EXTREME EVENTS, DISASTER REDUCTION, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, DISASTER RECOVERY, RISK ASSESSMENT, EL NINO, WARNING SYSTEM, DAMAGE, EARLY WARNING SYSTEM, TERRORISM, RISK REDUCTION, CRED, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, TROPICAL CYCLONE, EARTHQUAKES, BUILDING CODE, PRIVATE INSURANCE, TORNADOS, REINSURERS, BANK, INSURANCE CONTRACT, RELIEF ACTIVITIES, DISASTER PREPAREDNESS, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, DISASTER RESPONSE, RELIEF SUPPLIES, INSURERS, EMERGENCY RECOVERY, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, FLOOD, SOUTHERN OSCILLATION, RELIEF OPERATIONS, DEVASTATION, ERUPTION, FIRES, DONOR PLEDGES, EMERGENCIES, VOLCANIC ERUPTION, RELIEF EFFORTS, RESCUE, EXTREME NATURAL DISASTER, EMERGENCY RELIEF, RELIEF, RISKS, DISASTER EMERGENCY, NATURAL HAZARDS, DISASTER REHABILITATION, VICTIMS, INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION, RELIEF OPERATION, SAVING, VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS, FINANCIAL RISK, ATLANTIC HURRICANE, EXPLOSIONS, WIND SPEEDS, DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE, DROUGHTS, CATASTROPHIC EVENTS, SMOKE, CLIMATE CHANGE, EXTREME EVENT, FLOODING, LANDSLIDE, DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION, STORMS, DISASTER PREVENTION, DECLARATION, WIND SPEED, INSURANCE PREMIUM, EMERGENCY RECOVERY LOANS, INSURANCE INDUSTRY, REINSURER, HURRICANES, RECOVERY OPERATIONS, EARTHQUAKE, DROUGHT, COMMERCIAL BANK, RISK, DAMAGED HOUSES, INSURER, EMERGENCY SHELTER, CATASTROPHIC EVENT, HAIL STORM, TROPICAL CYCLONES, EMERGENCY, VOLCANO, SAFETY, DISASTERS, LANDSLIDES, FOREST FIRES, DISASTER ACTIVITIES, INSURANCE, ENSO, NATURAL DISASTERS, TROPICAL STORMS, EMERGENCY SHELTERS, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, DISASTER ASSISTANCE, ACCIDENT, BANKS, AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, DISASTER RELIEF, IMPACT OF DISASTERS, EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS, PRIVATE REINSURANCE, EMERGENCY SERVICES, EARLY WARNING, NATURAL DISASTER, TSUNAMI, VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, DISASTER INSURANCE, PHYSICAL DAMAGE, TORNADO, TSUNAMIS, TECHNOLOGY, DISASTER RISKS, DAMAGES, FLOODS, FLOODED, DISASTER MITIGATION, INDEMNITY, WARNING SYSTEMS, EMERGENCY OPERATIONS, DISPLACED PERSONS, DISASTER, SAVINGS, EMERGENCY NEEDS, DISASTER RISK, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES, EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, ERUPTIONS, INSURANCE CONTRACTS, SLUMS, RISK EXPOSURE
Abstract

This study presents options for a national disaster risk financing strategy in Indonesia, drawing heavily on international experience. The study discusses a series of complementary options for a national disaster risk financing strategy, based on a preliminary fiscal risk analysis and a review of the current budget management of natural disasters in Indonesia. It benefits from the international experience of the World Bank, which has assisted several countries in the design and implementation of sovereign catastrophe risk financing strategies. The rehabilitation and reconstruction fund is the main budget instrument for the Government of Indonesia (GoI) to finance public post-disaster expenditures, but it is under-capitalized. This study presents an optimal combination of risk-retention and risk transfer instruments that could help the GoI increase its immediate financial response capacity against natural disasters and better protect its fiscal balance. Building on the three-tier risk layering approach promoted by the World Bank and the preliminary fiscal risk assessment analysis, the following financial strategy could be considered by the GoI. This strategy would provide the GoI with access to immediate liquidity in the aftermath of a disaster at a competitive cost. The strategy would allow the GoI to access up to US$1.8 billion liquidity in the aftermath of a disaster in order to finance immediate post-disaster expenditures, such as grants for livelihood and low income housing reconstruction. Preliminary disaster fiscal risk assessment analysis shows that this would protect the GoI against disasters occurring every 100 years. The implementation of a national disaster risk financing strategy would require significant institutional capacity building.

Published
2011

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