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Mississippi���s agricultural and natural resources commodities were studied and ranked by seven economic indicators for 2019. Four were direct effects of operations���employment, farm gate receipts, gross value added, and final demand sales; two were economic multipliers for gross value added along with a value added, base export multiplier; and the economic export base contributions. Six different commodities occupied the number one ranking for at least one indicator. Broilers and eggs (total receipts and employment) and soybeans (final demand sales and economic base contributions) were commodities that repeatedly ranked first. Mississippi���s base economic contributions from agriculture and natural resources totaled $2.22 billion. Three commodities���cotton, horticultural plants, and broilers and eggs���were key to bringing new money into the state, while others provided support to downstream processors and manufacturers, as well as other commodities. Across all indicators, soybeans, cotton, timber, broilers and eggs, and catfish were state leaders.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-12-11T21:43:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandro_Wiechork_2017.pdf: 1445252 bytes, checksum: 56ba5a85fbb38f0252c8980e749a0026 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T21:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandro_Wiechork_2017.pdf: 1445252 bytes, checksum: 56ba5a85fbb38f0252c8980e749a0026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This work intended to analyze if there was evolution and dynamics of the economic basis of Frederico Westphalen microregion, in Rio Grande do Sul, considered economically poor, if it’s compared to the other regions of this state. Douglass North's theoretical contribution about economic basis theory was used to explain the development of the region with the export of its products to other regions or countries, associating the commercialization of its goods with economic development and separating the activities in basic and not basic ones. So, the research showed in what activities the microregion is specialized and in what cities, making a comparative analysis among 2005, 2010 and 2015. In order to analyze the specialization or diversification of the activities, we used the employment multiplier, locational quotient (LQ) and the specialization coefficient (SC) for the microregion in relation to the state. Additionally, the last one was calculated for the cities in relation to the microregion to identify which cities lead the microregion to have (or not) the same trend of state specialization. The employment multiplier, used to identify the elements of the export basis, presented higher value than the unit for all years, relating the employment with the basic activities. The SC pointed six sectors that can be considered as export basis: non-metallic mineral production, textile industry, food and beverages, retail business, financial institution and public administration. Although agriculture is still very present in the region, it isn’t a basic export activity; but North characterizes it as a basic activity naturally. The SC used to analyze the productive structure of the cities registered similar values for most of them. However, six of them stand out with a specific structure: Cristal do Sul, Dois Irmãos das Missões, Gramado dos Loureiros, Novo Tiradentes, Novo Xingu and Rio dos Índios. Therefore, the study did not indicate rates that demonstrate the triggering of the economic basis of the cities in the microregion, pointing a lack of value aggregated to that economic basis, so that it can be attractive and can transform itself. Este trabalho objetivou analisar se houve evolução e dinâmica da base econômica da microrregião de Frederico Westphalen, no Rio Grande do Sul, considerada atrasada economicamente diante das demais regiões deste Estado. Foi utilizado o aporte teórico de Douglass North sobre a teoria de base econômica, que busca explicar o desenvolvimento da região através das exportações de seus produtos para outras regiões ou países, associando a comercialização de seus bens com o desenvolvimento econômico e separando as atividades em básicas e não básicas. Assim, a pesquisa mostrou em quais atividades a microrregião está especializada e em quais municípios, efetuando uma análise comparativa entre os anos de 2005, 2010 e 2015. Para analisar a especialização ou diversificação das atividades da microrregião em estudo, foram utilizados o multiplicador de emprego, o quociente locacional (QL) e o coeficiente de especialização (CE) para a microrregião em relação ao Estado. Adicionalmente, este último foi calculado para os municípios em relação à microrregião, para identificar quais os municípios que levam a microrregião a ter (ou não) a mesma tendência de especialização do Estado. O multiplicador de emprego, usado para identificar os elementos da base de exportação, apresentou maior valor do que a unidade para todos os anos, relacionando o emprego com as atividades básicas. O CE apontou seis setores que podem ser considerados como base de exportação: produção mineral não metálica, indústria têxtil, alimentos e bebidas, comércio varejista, instituição financeira e administração pública. Embora a agricultura ainda seja muito presente na região, não se mostrou atividade básica de exportação; porém, North a caracteriza como atividade básica por natureza. O CE usado para analisar a estrutura produtiva dos municípios apresentou valores semelhantes para a maioria deles. Contudo, seis se destacam, revelando uma estrutura específica: Cristal do Sul, Dois Irmãos das Missões, Gramado dos Loureiros, Novo Tiradentes, Novo Xingu e Rio dos Índios. Logo, o estudo não apontou índices que demonstrem o desencadeamento da base econômica dos municípios da microrregião, registrando uma falta de agregação de valor a essa base econômica, para que ela possa ser atrativa e consiga se transformar.

The objective of this paper is to understand the factors driving the location decisions of multinational corporations. The paper uses literature-review and expert-interview techniques to understand what cities can do to be best positioned to attract international capital.

Although Brazil has become one of the largest economies in the world, it remains among the most closed economies as measured by the share of exports and imports in gross domestic product. This feature cannot be explained simply by the size of Brazils economy. Rather, it is due to an economic structure reliant on domestic value chain integration as opposed to participation in global production networking. It also reflects more generally an export base that shows lack of dynamism. Opening up and moving toward integration into global value chains could produce efficiency gains and help Brazil address its productivity and competitiveness challenges.

Afghanistan is in a state of transition which involves the handover of security responsibilities from international forces to the Afghan government. However, at present, Afghanistan's economy is growing strongly as a result of an exceptionally good harvest this year. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth will most likely close the calendar year at 10 percent, a significant increase from last year's 5.8 percent. The services and construction sectors continue to grow strongly, driven mostly by continued high military spending and external aid. The good harvest has also brought Afghanistan to near food self-sufficiency and slowed inflation to 4.6 percent in July 2012 (y-o-y). Progress in the mining sector is clouded by uncertainty about a new mineral law. While investor interest in the sector is encouraging, gaps in the legal and regulatory framework of the sector do not provide sufficient confidence to investors to start operations or make firm commitments. A new low is in preparation but has also been heavily debated. Afghanistan's economic growth prospects for 2012 give cause for optimism. Although real GDP growth slowed, to around 7 percent in 2011 (from 8 percent the year before), due mainly to unfavorable weather and a poor harvest, the agriculture sector rebounded strongly in 2012 and is expected to boost economic growth to over 10 percent. Agriculture is an important but volatile component of economic growth.

This report is structured as follows. Chapter one analyzes the performance of Kazakhstan s trade. Chapter two presents an overview of recent developments in Kazakhstan regional and international trade integration. Chapter three examines in detail key issues related to market access, focusing on non-tariff measures and trade facilitation and logistics. Chapter four examines the services sector and offers a roadmap for actions to enhance its competitiveness. Chapter five addresses building institutional capacity for the trade and competitiveness agenda. The report s recommendations are summarized in the following table. In order of the four main messages of the report, they cover balancing regional and international integration efforts, measures to improve access to inputs and export markets by reducing non-tariff barriers and through trade facilitation measures, raising the quality and efficiency of the services sector, and strengthening institutional capacity to implement an effective trade policy and competitiveness agenda.

With this Cameroon economic update, the World Bank is pursuing a program of short, crisp and frequent country economic reports. These economic updates provide an analysis of the trends and constraints in Cameroon's economic development. Each issue, produced bi-annually, provides an update of recent economic developments, as well as a special focus on a topical issue. The economic updates aim to share knowledge and stimulate debate among those interested in improving the economic management of Cameroon and unleashing its enormous potential. This fourth issue of the Cameroon economic update is entitled 'stepping out into the world a special focus on trade facilitation'. It reviews the challenges and opportunities related to trade facilitation in Cameroon. The coverage is not meant to be exhaustive, but puts an emphasis on particular areas that would require the country's sustained attention: a transformative trade facilitation agenda around which all stakeholders could be mobilized.

With this Cameroon economic update, the World Bank is pursuing a program of short, crisp and frequent country economic reports. These economic updates provide an analysis of the trends and constraints in Cameroon's economic development. Each issue, produced bi-annually, provides an update of recent economic developments as well as a special focus on a topical issue. The economic updates aim to share knowledge and stimulate debate among those interested in improving the economic management of Cameroon and unleashing its enormous potential. The notes thereby offer another voice on economic issues in Cameroon, and an additional platform for engagement, learning and change.

Over the last decade, Kenya's society and economy have changed fundamentally and these deep trends will continue. Rapid population growth and urbanization will create many new challenges which need to be managed well to support Kenya's economic take-off in the medium-term. This fourth edition of the Kenya economic update argues that Kenya can turn the tide in turbulent times and make the most of the ongoing structural shifts. In 2011, Kenya will need to address short-term domestic and international shocks, including higher inflation, pressures on the exchange rate and, most importantly, a volatile political environment. The government will need to navigate through these shocks successfully and to continue with its economic reform program to achieve higher growth. At the same time, the government will be making major strategic decisions in Kenya's decentralization architecture which will shape the medium-term development prospects of the country. Economic success is possible, as the 5.6 percent growth in 2010 has shown. If growth will accelerate to an average of 6 percent this decade, Kenya will achieve middle income country status by 2019.

O recente crescimento das exportações no Brasil se baseou fortemente naquelas firmas já exportadoras, e a base exportadora não conseguiu acompanhar o mesmo ritmo de crescimento. Considerando que expandir a base exportadora pode ter efeitos positivos sobre a produtividade e tamanho das firmas, neste artigo classificamos as firmas industriais brasileiras em quatro níveis de acordo com o potencial exportador, e especialmente identificamos um subconjunto de firmas que não exportam mas que são potenciais exportadoras. Os efeitos das políticas de promoção às exportações podem ser maximizados se elas forem focalizadas nestas firmas. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Most of the recent astonishing export growth in Brazil came from firms which already exported. The export base was not able to grow at the same pace. Since expanding the export base may have several positive effects on firms’ productivity and size, in this paper we provide a four-level classification of Brazilian industrial firms according to their potential to export, and we identify a subset of non-exporting firms which are potential exporters. The effects of export stimulating policies may be improved by focusing more closely on these firms.

This article deals with the analysis of structure and size of goods exported from the Czech regions in the period of 2003–2009. The analysis is related to the export base theory. At first there is the export base theory characterised in the beginning of the article. There is a limited data base for the assessing of international flow of goods and services in case of Czech regions, for only the data of exported goods is regionally monitored. Both the presence and the increase of importance of the export base was especially evident in the Středočeský, Plzeňský and Pardubický region, partly in the Zlínský, Liberecký and Vysočina region in the period 2003–2007. There is one chief export company in each of these regions. The connection between the impact of economic recession in the period 2008–2009 and the regional export base is not clear. Peripheral regions with more specialized export, with the chief export company and formed export base were more likely influenced by the economic recession, rather than core regions or regions without the export base.

This report on Sudan's Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) provides a baseline assessment of challenges to productivity, diversification and inclusion. Chapter 1 describes some of the questions underlying the three issues of competitiveness, diversification and broad-based growth. Chapter 2 analyzes firm performance and competitiveness. Chapter 3 discusses markets and trust. Chapter 4 describes the role of the financial sector. Chapter 5 analyses the informal sector. Chapter 6 discusses the conflict-affected private sector development. Chapter 7 discusses regional inclusion, and Chapter 8 makes some preliminary conclusions and recommendations.

Nigeria's long-run growth performance has been extremely poor. Between 1960 and 2000, real income per capita grew at only 0.43 percent per year. The situation improved between 2001 and 2006 when real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of 4.2 percent. This paper demonstrates that the superior growth performance during 2001-06 is largely attributable to the impact of better leadership and economic policy making. The improved performance of the economy after 2003 arose from implementing a comprehensive economic reform program focusing on four main areas: macroeconomic reform; structural reform; governance and institutional reform; and public sector reform. The reforms, backstopped by improved oil revenue management, monetary policy implementation, and debt management, improved overall macroeconomic policy making. This resulted in real GDP growth averaging 7.1 percent per year between 2003 and 2006, an inflation rate of 10 percent in 2006, foreign exchange reserves of US$45 billion in 2006, and total external debt of only US$5 billion in 2006. Clearly, between 1960 and 2000, Nigeria's policy choices were poor, and the reforms that sought to correct them were plagued by inconsistencies, policy reversals, and lack of coherence. In contrast, due to good leadership, the reforms adopted in 2003 were consistent and have been implemented in a coherent manner.