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The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented economic challenges worldwide, prompting governments to implement various expansionary economic policies to mitigate its adverse effects. Expansionary policies typically involve measures such as increased government spending, tax cuts, policy and interest rate cuts, and monetary stimulus packages to boost economic activity and support businesses and households during times of economic downturn. This research paper explores the relationship between current inflation rates and the effectiveness of expansionary economic policies adopted during the pandemic. The hypothesis posits that expansionary policies increase inflation rates across different countries. Through a comparative analysis of various countries' approaches, the study identifies the impact of these policies on inflation. Findings reveal varied effects, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors. This cross-country analysis will include developed and developing economies to understand the implications across different economic contexts. This study contributes to understanding the interplay between expansionary policies and inflation dynamics during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does China's 2008 economic stimulus plan affect housing price through the channel of state-owned enterprises (SOEs)? Utilizing a sample of 206 Chinese cities and a different-in-difference approach, we show that the housing prices in cities with a higher prevalence of SOEs, tend to grow disproportionately faster than that in cities with lower prevalence of SOEs after the shock of 2008 China's stimulus plan. The heterogeneity tests show that the SOE channel plays a more important role in cities with more city investment bonds, less financial development and lower level of marketization. Our conclusion is robust across a battery of sensitivity tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central banks have been pursuing an expansionary monetary policy since before the pandemic, although the health and economic crisis of COVID-19 has boosted asset purchase programmes. After the Great Recession, a new phase began, characterised by low interest rates and liquidity injections. These policies spilled over into financial markets and are leading to higher inflation. These policies stabilised the situation in the short term, but if they continue indefinitely there is a risk of debt overhang, investment mistakes and high inflation in the future. The aim of this article is to analyse monetary policy developments from the Great Recession to the COVID-19 crisis. Correlations between different macroeconomic variables will be shown through IBM SPSS Statistics. For this purpose, bi-variate correlations were used. For the predictions and confidence of the model data, Tableau Desktop Edition was used, which in turn was used for the generation of the graphs. There is a strong correlation between the growth of monetary aggregates and public debt and stock market capitalisation for the selected indicators. The main contribution of this research is the analysis of the long-term effects of a monetary policy.

Central banks have been pursuing an expansionary monetary policy since before the pandemic, although the health and economic crisis of COVID-19 has boosted asset purchase programmes. After the Great Recession, a new phase began, characterised by low interest rates and liquidity injections. These policies spilled over into financial markets and are leading to higher inflation. These policies stabilised the situation in the short term, but if they continue indefinitely there is a risk of debt overhang, investment mistakes and high inflation in the future. The aim of this article is to analyse monetary policy developments from the Great Recession to the COVID-19 crisis. Correlations between different macroeconomic variables will be shown through IBM SPSS Statistics. For this purpose, bi-variate correlations were used. For the predictions and confidence of the model data, Tableau Desktop Edition was used, which in turn was used for the generation of the graphs. There is a strong correlation between the growth of monetary aggregates and public debt and stock market capitalisation for the selected indicators. The main contribution of this research is the analysis of the long-term effects of a monetary policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is one of the net oil-exporting countries that the government budget depends highly on oil revenues. The dependency on uncertain revenues faces the economic development of the country with significant challenges. Therefore, the monetary authorities need to be aware of the importance and the role of their policies on the economy in response to changes in global oil prices. For this purpose, this paper simulates the responses of monetary policies to changes in global oil prices in Malaysia using a financial computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. It considers both changes (a rise and a fall) in global oil prices. The simulation results indicated that the Malaysian economy, as a whole, and the majority of industries gain from oil price rise and lose from oil price fall. Both shocks lead to the reallocation of resources and influence the financial part of the economy. Results also showed that tightened monetary policies are not able to reduce the negative effects of both shocks on economic growth and industrial output while the expansionary policies, particularly the combination of interest rate and reserve ratio reductions, are effective and are beneficial for economic growth and industrial output of Malaysia. If the government target is minimizing the rate of inflation, the effective policy in response to both global oil price changes is the reduction in interest rate. However, when the government target is more investment and labor employment, the effective policy is the reduction in reserve ratio rate in response to both oil price changes. • It investigates the response of monetary policies to oil price fluctuations. • In an inflationary target the effective policy is reduction in interest rate. • Tightened monetary policies are not effective policies on economic growth and industrial output. • Economic growth and industrial output were gained from expansionary policies. • Combining monetary expansionary policies are more effective than single policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]