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Community schools extend traditional school responsibilities by providing additional resources to support students, families, and communities, and ultimately attempt to change the school institution. Integral to the institutionalization of community schools are community school managers (CSMs) and their institutional work. Drawing from institutional theory, this study uses interview data to explore the deliberate actions taken by CSMs to create institutions, focusing on their efforts to develop their institutional identities and change normative associations. Institutional identities of CSMs were defined by their implementational responsibilities and organizational positioning. While CSMs skillfully identified, provided, and allocated resources within their implementational identity, the organizational identity remained ambiguous, lacking clarity on their organizational position or consistency in the teams on which they served. CSMs struggled to create normative associations that linked the resources they provided to the community school strategy. Moreover, the local leadership structure and principal support significantly and differentially impacted CSMs' institutional work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management plays a pivotal role in the smooth execution of prefabricated construction. One key aspect involves strategically placing and sizing buffers to handle uncertainties (e.g., stochastic material lead-times and activity durations) within the prefabricated construction supply chain (PCSC). This study examines three buffering policies based on varying combinations of time and inventory buffers to mitigate stochastic material delays and activity prolongs in PSCS, namely, pure inventory buffering policy, pure time buffering policy, and mixed inventory-time buffering policy. To enable this analysis, we characterize how stochastic material delays originating from off-site supply chains impact project schedules, and then develop mathematical procedures for sizing inventory and/or time buffers under the three buffering policies. Case application and numerical analysis are conducted to investigate the performance of these buffering policies and the impact of the project characteristics on them (e.g., due date and arrival rate). Finally, insights are extracted to assist managers in choosing appropriate policies for projects with different characteristics. In general, combining inventory and time buffers results in better performance, particularly under tight project deadlines and high arrival rates. The pure time buffering policy can also be a viable option in specific situations, allowing managers to have more choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence is a central concept in epistemology, and good evidence is essential for developing effective community development programs. There is a range of theoretical approaches for helping to understand and ensure program effectiveness, but none uses evidence as a central pivot, and they may be difficult for the managers of community development programs to apply. An evidence-focussed theoretical framework and tool could help build the evidence literacy of communities and their advocates, assist community groups and members that struggle to gain representation, and help ensure that community development programs are inclusive, efficient, and effectively improve health and wellbeing outcomes. This paper presents an eight-step evidence cycle conceptual framework for helping communities ensure evidence is foundational to all stages of their programs. The steps are recognize , gather , appraise, integrate , use , create, manage , and share evidence. Each step is described, and example approaches applicable to both descriptive and intervention evidence are provided. A tool (specifically, a rubric) for program managers to self-assess their work against the cycle, informed by UK-based development network, Bond's five principles for evidence use in community development (voice/inclusion, appropriateness, triangulation, contribution, and transparency), is also provided. The approach, which is applicable to all stages of a program, has the potential to not only increase managers' and participants' evidence literacy, but to also facilitate attention to evidence throughout the life of a program and beyond, leading to better results for community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-making for the refurbishment of multi-family residential buildings is a complex and computationally difficult task. Therefore, the authors have developed a model that supports modernization planning in a long-term and comprehensive manner, i.e. from assessing the building to indicating the optimal scope of modernization. The comprehensive scope of the model includes the acquisition and provision of relevant knowledge to the model. The original methods proposed for its acquisition are derived from common expert knowledge based on linguistic terms. The methods adopted are not mandatory and may be replaced by others that provide more reliable knowledge. The fundamental aim of the proposed approach, however, is to select the optimal modernization option and allocate it over the planned modernization time horizon. An innovative optimisation approach based on decision matrices is used, allowing the selection of possible scenarios of repair options at each stage. These matrices are a set of constraints written in binary variables allowing the optimisation calculus to maintain a fixed sequence of repairs. In addition, the solutions used in the optimisation modules make it possible to take into account assumptions regarding the assumed assessment of the building's condition and financial constraints. The developed model provides a practical and versatile tool that can be used by managers at the maintenance stage of residential buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in Strategic Leadership Theory (SLT), the exploratory study examined the effects of appraisal frequency on various work-related factors (job satisfaction, perceived board support, and organizational commitment) on executive director's current appraisal experiences. One hundred and sixty-two executive-level professionals in local park and recreation agencies completed an online survey that was used to measure the variables of interest. Results indicated differences in executive directors' job satisfaction, perceived board support, and organizational commitment based on the frequency in which the formal appraisal was administered. Complete and implications for organizations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the impact of compulsory voting on grassroots electioneering in Australia between 1910 and 1951. It argues that the introduction of compulsory voting resulted in a shift from mobilization-focused campaigns to more persuasive campaigns. Grassroots campaigners in the 1930s and 1940s adopted new methods, such as amplifier campaigning and candidate-focused leaflets, to reach a larger and less engaged electorate. The article emphasizes the significance of these changes in campaign practices and highlights the continued use of candidate-focused literature and personal canvassing in modern times. [Extracted from the article]

Business (customer and supplier) relationships can create or destroy value. Recognition of the value-creating potential of relationships and the ability to manage them, as well as the managers’ attitudes and approach in this regard, can become important success factors. In this study, the authors compare the approaches of managers in competitive and less competitive companies based on the results of the latest questionnaire survey conducted by the Competitiveness Research Centre of Corvinus University of Budapest. Their analysis indicates that competitive companies are more open with their business partners and pay more attention to supplier relations. In addition to the classic expectations (such as service quality, costs), they place a high value on longer-term values, reliability, expertise and learning opportunities in the relationship, and, overall, they tend to view business relationships as a more value-creating factor than less competitive companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust storms are one of the major causes of the destruction of natural ecosystems and human infrastructure worldwide. Therefore, the identification and mapping of susceptible regions to dust storm formation (SRDSFs) is of great importance. Determining SRDSFs by considering the concept of risk in the decision-making process and the kind of manager's attitude and planning can be very valuable in dedicating financial resources and time to identifying and controlling the negative impacts of SRDSFs. The purpose of this study was to present a new risk-based method in decision making to create SRDSF maps of pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. To achieve the purpose of this research, effective criteria obtained from various sources were used, including simulated surface data, satellite products, and soil data of Saudi Arabia. These effective criteria included vegetation cover, soil moisture, soil erodibility, wind speed, precipitation, and absolute air humidity. For this purpose, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) model was employed to generate existing SRDSF maps in different scenarios. The results showed that the wind speed and precipitation criteria had the highest and lowest impact in identifying dust centers, respectively. The areas identified as SRDSFs in very pessimistic, pessimistic, neutral, optimistic, and very optimistic scenarios were 85,950, 168,275, 255,225, 410,000, and 596,500 km2, respectively. The overall accuracy of very pessimistic, pessimistic, neutral, optimistic, and very optimistic scenarios were 84.1, 83.3, 81.6, 78.2, and 73.2%, respectively. The very pessimistic scenario can identify the SRDSFs in the study area with higher accuracy. The overall accuracy of the results of these scenarios compared to the dust sources obtained from the previous studies were 92.7, 94.2, 95.1, 88.4, and 79.7% respectively. The dust sources identified in the previous studies have a higher agreement with the results of the neutral scenario. The proposed method has high flexibility in producing a wide range of SRDSF maps in very pessimistic to very optimistic scenarios. The results of the pessimistic scenarios are suitable for risk-averse managers with limited financial resources and time, and the results of the optimistic scenarios are suitable for risk-taking managers with sufficient financial resources and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of tobacco advertisements, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) across the globe, which play a significant role in increasing smoking prevalence. Since 2019, Klungkung District has adopted a TAPS ban at point of sale (PoS). Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate compliance with the total TAPS ban at PoS in Klungkung and the factors associated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Klungkung district from August to October 2021. The survey involved 200 samples of PoS and also the managers, which selected using stratified simple random sampling for registered PoS and a walking protocol for unregistered PoS. Data was collected through observation using a checklist and interview using a structured questionnaire by eight well-trained enumerators. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study successfully observed 200 PoS and also interviewed 200 PoS managers. The result showed the compliance was 72.5%. Of 9 factors analyzed using regression analysis, it was found that factors associated with the compliance were knowledge and attitude PoS manager toward TAPS ban (OR=11.3; CI:1.233-103.414; p=0.008), perceived of socio-economic impact factor (OR=8.1; CI:3.584-18.400; p<0.01), and tobacco industry interference (OR=2.8; CI:1.441-5.594; p=0,003). Conclusions: Compliance with the TAPS ban at PoS remain sufficient, even though it has not reached the target. Factors mainly associated with the compliance were the attitude of PoS manager, and tobacco industry interference. Hence, socialization and enforcement should be improved and sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how bank funding diversity and lending affect bank performance, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. We employ the Generalized Method of Moments to analyze unbalanced panels of commercial banks in China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The empirical results show that a percentage increase in bank funding diversity and bank lending in the sample negatively affects profitability. In contrast, the results are mixed in each country due to different market microstructures. While holding diversified funding strengthens bank profitability during the pandemic, increasing lending activities dampers the bank's performance. Finally, this research has important implications for bank managers and regulators to develop sustainable banking performance in emerging markets, especially during pandemics. Plain Language Summary: This paper investigates how bank funding diversity and lending affect bank performance, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. We employ the Generalized Method of Moments to analyze unbalanced panels of commercial banks in China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The empirical results show that a percentage increase in bank funding diversity and bank lending in the sample negatively affects profitability. In contrast, the results are mixed in each country due to different market microstructures. While holding diversified funding strengthens bank profitability during the pandemic, increasing lending activities dampers the bank's performance. Finally, this research has important implications for bank managers and regulators to develop sustainable banking performance in emerging markets, especially during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate cash holdings have received increased attention from researchers and practitioners as cash management is a crucial task for executives. Holding too much cash can result in low returns and mismanagement by managers. Conversely, holding low cash reserves can lead to missed investment opportunities. The present study examines the relationship between board governance, financial constraints, and corporate cash holdings. The robust fixed-effects method is used in this study to analyze 860 A-listed firms in China from 2005 to 2020. An index is designed to measure board effectiveness, while financial constraints are measured using Z-score, the Kaplan and Zingales index, and the SA index. The major findings document that the financially less constrained firms hold more cash when there is an effective board governance. Furthermore, financially less constrained firms have more robust board governance to minimize the agency concerns of managers and shareholders. This research provides an inference for stockholders' activism connected to the cash holdings of the financially constrained and less constrained companies. The findings offer useful policy implications for stakeholders to reform contemporary cash holding policies. Specifically, understanding the role of an effective governance system for financially less constrained firms would help minimize the potential agency conflict. JEL Classification: G34, O16, G32, F34 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"No Blank Check: The Origins and Consequences of Public Antipathy Towards Presidential Power" by Andrew Reeves and Jon Rogowski explores the American public's skepticism towards presidential power. The authors argue that Americans have a deep-seated skepticism about executive authority, which persists regardless of the political alignment of the president in office. They propose a model of the public based on "constitutional veneration" and a belief in checks and balances. The book presents empirical evidence, including polling, survey experiments, and longitudinal panel data, to support their argument. While partisanship does play a role, the authors emphasize that other factors also influence public attitudes towards executive power. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Good attitude towards to time management is the backbone to bring a change at individual and organizational levels in different sectors across the globe. But it has been ignored by different institutions, particularly in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. However, this can be alleviated if there are punctual, committed, and accessible health professionals that could translate the national aspirations and the desire of the community into reality. This study aims to determine the magnitude and associated factors of attitude towards time management among health professionals working in public hospitals of Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia, Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 24 –April 24, 2021 among 409 health professionals using a stratified sampling technique, Frequency and percentage were used to describe the study population. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors. A p-value of < 0.05 with 95% CI were used to declare statistically significant associations. Results: The overall good time management attitude among sample was 67%(95%CI:66.77–67.22%). Satisfaction with organizational policy and strategy (AOR: 2.69, 95%CI: 1.42–5.09), satisfaction with supervisor support (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.19–3.77), and managers' good attitude towards time management (AOR: 2.00, 95%CI: 1.23–3.25) were significantly associated with good attitude towards time management among health professionals. Conclusion: The attitude towards time management in public hospitals of Dessie City was low. Satisfaction with organizational policies and strategies, satisfaction with supervisor support, and managers' good attitude towards time management were delineated factors. This low attitude towards time management could affect the practice and it compromise the health service coverage and quality unless timely and appropriate interventions should be taken. Strengthening strategies aimed at maximizing job satisfaction and emphasizing an attitude towards time might have a substantial contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the role that human labor practices and attitudes play in mastitis infections on US dairy farms. Mastitis infection is a key barrier to sustainability in dairy production, contributing to financial losses, animal welfare concerns, and perhaps most importantly imprudent antibiotic use. We combine data from five sources on herd characteristics, owner/manager attitudes and behaviors, and labor management to empirically analyze the connections between labor practices and mastitis infection. We examine 72 conventional dairy farms in Pennsylvania, Florida, and Michigan using survey responses from both employees and owners/managers. We find that several labor practices and attitudes like communication, training, manager attitudes, and work intensity have important and meaningful associations with mastitis infection on dairy farms, in addition to conventional veterinary management practices. We also find that key labor practices are not associated with infection rates once we control for other factors. Our findings demonstrate the ways in which aspects of sustainability are intertwined on farms, particularly labor practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the effects of psychological resilience and managerial attitudes (job involvement and commitment to budget goals) on the relationship between participative budgeting and managerial performance. Originality/value: The present study innovates by providing evidence of the cognitive effects of psychological resilience, the affective effects of job involvement, and budget goal commitment on the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance, which is the theoretical gap explored. Design/methodology/approach: Descriptive and quantitative survey research carried out through structural equation modeling (SEM) with a sample composed of 251 controllers working in companies in Southern Brazil. Findings: The findings show that the intervening variables (psychological resilience and managerial attitudes) exert a positive influence on the tested relations. The results demonstrate that participative budgeting influences managerial performance through the cognitive effects of psychological resilience, combined with the affective effects of budget goal commitment. Job involvement enhances levels of psychological resilience and has positive effects on managerial performance. Thus, it can be concluded that budget configuration influences controllers' resilience levels and contributes to their commitment to budget goals, as it triggers cognitive and affective reactions that increase managerial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managers' characteristics have been identified to have an influence on how they perceive innovation. This study examines the role of top managers' experience and how it influences their propensity to innovate. It employs a logit model to analyze data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, primarily from small- and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. We justify the positive effect of managers' years of experience as an influential factor of enterprises' innovativeness in developing countries. The results show that top managers' years of experience directly affect innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this paper, we aim to determine the views on the need for an expertscientific team of top managers in Macedonian sports clubs in basketball, football, handball and volleyball. The paper covers 40 top managers from the best Macedonian leagues in football, basketball, handball and volleyball. The population from which this sample of respondents was drawn can be defined as a population of active high-ranking sports top managers, holders of management functions in Macedonian sports clubs. The basic tools we used during the research to collect the data for the top sports managers were the survey questionnaires and the interviews. In this research, a system of 15 predictor variables, derived from top managers, was applied. The sample of treated predictor variables are characterized as indicators of management functions, expressed through the abilities and traits of top managers. Basic descriptive statistical methods were used in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the emerging literature on board co-option by examining how and to what extent co-opted directors influence managers' attitudes about earnings management. We find robust evidence that co-option mitigates both real activities and accrual-based earnings management. Our findings support the view that higher co-option reduces managerial short-termism because it enhances managers' job security as co-opted directors are known to be less likely to remove managers from office. Our results are robust to different measures of both co-option and earnings management, and they continue to hold after accounting for endogeneity and selection concerns. Finally, we provide additional evidence showing that a higher degree of co-option lowers the likelihood of the chief executive officer (CEO) being forcefully removed from the office for managing earnings in the previous year. JEL CLASSIFICATION G30; G34; G39 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most important determinant of turnover behaviors, an employee's intention to leave his/her job stands out as one of the strongest predictors of that employee's actual turnover behavior. Economic opportunities, personal and work-related factors can play an important role in employees' intention to leave. Moreover, it is suggested in the literature that dyadic relationships between employees and their managers (i.e. leaders) are one of the important factors affecting that turnover intention. Although there are studies focusing on the relationship between leader-member exchange and turnover intention in the current literature, there is a need to explain how this relationship between leadermember exchange and turnover intention emerges, together with the related theoretical mechanisms. Considering that trust is an important factor determining the quality of relationships between managers and employees, it is however quite surprising that among studies in the existing literature investigating the ways how the quality of leader-member interactions affects employees' turnover intentions, there is no study that examines trust in the leader as a mediating mechanism. In this context, the current study examines the mediating effect of trust in leader in order to draw a clear picture of the relationship between the quality of leadermember interaction and the employee's intention to leave. This study makes use of social exchange and leader-member exchange theories to draw a clearer picture of this relationship. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, the data collected from 217 participants working in various hotels operating in Muğla province and carrying out different tasks were analyzed. In the analysis of the data collected by the survey method, PROCESS macro for SPSS/SAS developed by Hayes and regression analyses were used, so that direct and indirect effects were calculated. The findings of the study confirm that trust in leader mediates the relationship between leader-member exchange quality and employee turnover intention. In addition to its theoretical contribution that can fill the gap in the relevant literature, it is thought that the findings of this study may also help to retain the qualified workforce in the hospitality sector in the practical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether, and under what conditions, self‐control demands (SCD) are associated with less interpersonal justice (politeness or respect) and more interpersonal injustice (degrading or inappropriate remarks) behavior. Drawing from extended self‐control theory and integrating the motivation literature, we posit that (1) SCD have a stronger effect on actors' attempts not to be unfair than on their attempts to be fair because avoidance behavior is more demanding than approach behavior. Further, extended self‐control theory posits that people control themselves more effectively when they are personally motivated and external standards are present. Accordingly, we further posit that (2) emphasizing self‐transcendence values (i.e., the stable motivational goal to consider others' welfare) and (3) acting in strong situations (i.e., the presence of external normative standards on appropriate behavior) buffer the SCD effect. Results from two realistic simulation studies show that SCD were related to actors' interpersonal justice and injustice behavior. Across both studies, different results patterns, and relationships with the other variables for justice and injustice emerged. Thus, although the stronger effect of SCD on injustice (vs. justice) was not generally supported, the finding suggests that adhering to and not violating interpersonal justice rules are indeed different from one another. In addition, SCD were less detrimental among actors with higher self‐transcendence values and when actors operated in strong (vs. weak) contexts. A three‐way interaction showed that especially among actors with low self‐transcendence values, who act in weak contexts, SCD provoked injustice. We discuss theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health care facilities are responsible for preventing and controlling diseases and must be resilient enough to deal with crises. The Iranian health care facilities have faced challenges in managing COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges faced by the Iranian health care facilities during the Covid-19 epidemic and to provide solutions. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach and using semi-structured interviews with 59 healthcare policy makers, managers, and employees, and medical university faculty members. The participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, 43 challenges to the resilience of health care facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic were identified and grouped into 8 themes (i.e., leadership and management, planning, organizational culture, organizational learning, employee management, customer management, resource management, and process management. The most important resilience challenges were: fragmented management system; poor leadership; incompatible health network structure; lack of a national holistic plan; poor case detection; insufficient resources; inefficient information system; negative attitude of managers and employee; organizational inertia; failure to build on lessons learned from crises; low workforce preparedness; lack of community-based management; and improper monitoring and evaluation. Managers should use community-based, evidence-based, and integrated management to build health system resilience against COVID-19, have sufficient knowledge and experience to organize operations, use appropriate and effective coordination models, develop a creative and participatory culture, reengineer processes, and provide necessary resources. Conclusion: The Iranian health care facilities face challenges that prevent them from becoming resilient, responsive, and efficient in managing COVID-19. Policy makers and managers should increase the resilience of health care facilities to shocks and crises by using the suggested measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer relationship management (CRM) can be used to build relationships with customers and consistently acquire, retain, and create extra value for customers, even when a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred. The study's primary objective was to determine and understand the customer relationship management strategies of selected resorts in Cavite during the pandemic. A descriptivecorrelational research design was utilized in the study, and a purposive sampling technique was used in selecting targeted respondents. The researchers utilized a self-constructed survey questionnaire that 20 resort owners and managers answered in Dasmariñas City, General Trias City, Naic, and Tanza, Cavite. The result revealed that most of the respondents had operated their business for a long period of time, mostly as a sole proprietorship, and had a considerably small number of employees. The study found that the social media network was the most utilized customer relationship management strategy in the acquisition of potential customers. The marketing incentives were most used in retaining the customers. Lastly, most respondents utilized multiple channels supports to create extra value for customers. Considerably, there is no significant relationship between the business profile of the respondents and the perceived effectiveness of customer relationship management strategies except between the length of business operations and customer expansion. Despite the uncertainties brought by the pandemic to the hospitality and tourism industry, customer relationship management strategies aided the business sustainability of the resort businesses. In line with the existing new normal, this study recommended that resort firms should employ innovative strategies that are sensitive to customer trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how shop managers' attitudes toward customers are transferred to sales employees, and thus affect customer performance. We surveyed shop managers, sales employees, and customers in five department stores in Seoul, South Korea, in June 2021 to determine the relationships among service orientation, customer orientation, customers' perceptions of sales employees' authenticity, and customer performance. We found that sales managers' service orientation positively influences sales employees' service and customer orientation. Furthermore, this orientation positively correlates with customers' perceptions of sales employees' authenticity, thereby improving service performance and customer loyalty. Few studies have examined how institutional-level capacity and attitudes influence employees within organizations and how this, in turn, affects service performance. Thus, this study theoretically and empirically explores how sales managers' attitudes and sales behaviors are transferred to sales employees and how this affects customer performance. The research findings fill a gap in the current understanding of customer performance in the service industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hungarian companies’ innovation performance is weak when compared with their international competitors. Although the results of the authors’ questionnaire survey, which was conducted among Hungarian manufacturing firms, demonstrated the effect on innovation performance of their position on the supply chain, this was not the chief determinant of their attitude towards innovation. For instance, they found some companies at the bottom of the supply chain that considered themselves to be innovative, though this was not necessarily the case. The authors also found a correlation between managers’ openness to innovation and success. The attitude of management was decisive in strategic issues such as innovation. If innovation was not considered relevant or of any value, managers would not support innovation initiatives and their companies were not successful. Managers’ openness to innovation depended on personality traits but could also be developed consciously and purposefully. Leadership training and coaching can play an important role in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On January 1, 2022, NTT Communications and NTT COMWARE became subsidiaries of NTT DOCOMO, starting the new DOCOMO Group. Under the brand slogan, “Changing Worlds with You,” the new DOCOMO Group is working together with its customers and partners to create innovations and bring changes to society. We interviewed Yoshiaki Maeda, senior executive vice president of NTT DOCOMO, about strategies of the group’s smart life business and his attitude toward work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By Richard F. Hirsh (Baltimore, Md.: John Hopkins University Press, 2022. Like the traditional rural electrification story he criticizes - even to the point, somewhat shockingly, of comparing it to the Lost Cause and the Stab in the Back myths - Hirsh's own account often takes interwar utility promoters at their word and conveys the tale they wanted to tell. Across thirteen chapters that primarily span the interwar years, Hirsh's study convincingly shows that, before the New Deal, private utilities did not wholly ignore farms, and in fact forged at least part of the path toward rural electrification. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores the current attitudes of managers and executives working in the energy sector towards the Data-Driven Organizational Model implied by Big Data. The aim is to explore and understand the current mindset of senior decision makers, since their success depends as much on cognitive and behavioral processes as on their technical competences. We adopt a grounded-theory approach, developing models of understanding and belief abductively, driven by the data obtained from participants through a reflection guide. We find that managers differ significantly in their understanding and engagement with their challenges; they display interest but differ in their commitment and enthusiasm; they identify a lack of strategy and skills as current barriers; and they are currently unwilling to trust data, treating evidence according to their own prior commitments. This is a significant barrier to establishing the Data-Driven Organizational Model. These findings raise concerns, and the paper concludes that by considering initiatives for implementing more agile and forward-looking approaches, establishing a data-driven organizational culture, and managing such changes effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While human behavior is known to be one of the key causes of industrial accidents, existing approaches to personality assessment of blue-collar workers could not efficiently differentiate behavioral patterns associated with increased probability of an accident. Analysis of the largest man-made disasters, which occurred at the major petrochemical company in Russia throughout the last 2 years, revealed that risk appetite had led to the most severe disasters in terms of loss of human life, environmental impact, and financial losses. In order to identify risky individuals among the company workers, a multimethod approach with behavioral, cognitive, psychometric, and implicit measures has been utilized. Over hundred volunteers reported on life facts associated with risk propensity and underwent multimethod assessment. Results indicated that measures from all four groups of methods were able to reliably identify risky individuals. This study provides an example of efficient online multimethod assessment system introduced at a major petrochemical company in order to assist managers in personnel assessment and selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive service provider attitudes toward evidence-based programs, and evidence-supportive organizational environments are essential for effective implementation in community settings. Few studies have examined whether there are differences in attitudes between managers and providers. This study investigates attitudes toward evidence-based programs across three levels of manager and provider roles in an Australian place-based initiative for children delivered by a heterogenous, multiskilled social services workforce, and investigates whether attitudes are influenced by an evidence-supportive organizational environment. An online survey was conducted between 2018 and 2019, yielding 205 participants: 70 Facilitating Partner managers, 93 Community Partner managers, and 42 direct service providers. Nine attitudes toward evidence-based programs were assessed using multiple linear regression, with an evidence-supportive organizational environment included as a moderating variable. Differences in attitudes were found between the three roles, with direct service providers more likely to be supportive of evidence-based programs compared to Facilitating Partner managers. An evidence-supportive environment was a strong predictor of more positive attitudes, and moderated the effects for Facilitating Partner managers for three measures. This study highlights the importance of positive leadership and supportive organizational environments in social services community settings. Future studies could examine associations between attitudes, organizational environment and effective implementation for this workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to examine the effect of proactive managerial behavior and international business networks on three dimensions of international performance exhibited by an SME. Specifically, the export intensity, speed, and geographical scope of the sales abroad. In addition, we evaluate if managers with international experience take more proactive stances and use international networks when dealing with foreign markets. We tested a research model applying structural equation modeling techniques to a sample of 130 Costa Rican exporting firms. The results reveal that the international experience is not related to the intense use of international networks to deal with foreign markets. Rather, international experience is associated with high levels of proactive stances towards foreign market opportunities, which in turn, positively affect an SME's export intensity. However, the geographical scope of its export sales and the speed of internationalization seem to be unrelated to a manager's level of proactiveness in foreign markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to provide a practical analysis of the psychological basis for the incentives of personality motivation in education managers in the Ukrainian society, which still has clear signs of postmodernism. In particular, it highlights the results of an empirical study of verbal representations of motivational attitudes of education managers in terms of management effectiveness. It is found that verbal representations of motivational attitudes in students, in managers with up to 5 years of experience, in managers with more than 5 years of experience differs significantly. In the process of research of verbal representations of motivational attitudes, we determined the degree of influence of motivational tendencies "hope for success" and "fear of failure" on future and current managers. It should be noted that the following categories of analysis are quite representative: a) "a hope for success": "the need to succeed", "instrumental activities aimed at achieving success", "expectation of success", "positive emotional state associated with work"; b) "a fear of failure": "instrumental activities aimed at preventing failure", "condemnation and criticism due to failure". According to the results of the analysis of verbal representations of motivational attitudes it is proved: the leaders of the organizations with strong cooperation between staff and administration and united by a common desire for success, are dominated by the category "hope for success". And the leaders of such organizations where subordinates are in constant fear of dismissal and under sharp criticism regardless of their work quality, are dominated by the "fear of failure". It emphasizes that among the multiple and vague postmodernist discourses the education managers should try to develop the narrative "hope for success". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines managerial perceptions of challenges for further food waste reduction within the restaurant industry. Although research gauged underlying drivers for food waste, the attitudes of foodservice managers toward practices and the corresponding operational barriers have received scant academic attention. This qualitative study thematically analyzed data from 14 managers and head chefs in Swiss-German restaurants through semi-structured interviews and compared responses against the model of the food waste hierarchy. For businesses, the paper highlights the importance of increased preventive practices and education of staff and customers. However, multiple inhibiting and enabling factors lie outside the organizations' control, depending on macro and societal contexts. Governmental interventions and facilitating waste collection are necessary, whereas the feasibility of food redistribution is perceived as limited. The study revealed great potential to implement additional practices through increased collaborations with various stakeholders and overall societal sensitization to change consumer behavior and facilitate responsible business practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article addresses how to increase funding to nonprofit organizations that are led by minorities or serve communities of color and how to hold corporations and private foundations who make public commitments to fund these organizations accountable for those commitments. The Article makes two policy recommendations to address these problems, while engaging with Supreme Court jurisprudence on mandatory disclosures to ensure that the proposals are narrowly tailored to institutional donors and include an opt-out provision so as not to chill the constitutional protection of the freedom of association. The first is for charities to publicly disclose their institutional donors in Schedule B of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 990. The second is to modify IRS Form 990 to include information on the race and ethnicity of top managers, boards of directors, and the communities an organization serves. These disclosures are crucial for determining organizations that are minority led or that serve communities of color and the institutional donors who donate to them annually. The Article addresses the benefits and tradeoffs of disclosure and how to use nudges--watchdog organizations, certifications, and the public--to implement disclosures to increase funding to minority-led and minority-serving nonprofit charities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing pressure to perform and physical and mental strain on employees, health-promoting initiatives are becoming more popular. This study examines factors that influence managers regarding the introduction of workplace health promotion in the Austrian hospitality industry. For the investigation, eleven interviews with hotel managers were conducted. Results show that managers attitude, employer attractiveness, and company needs are reasons for implementing workplace health promotion. High costs, time, and the employee's unwillingness to participate are reasons against it. But in order to keep employees in hospitality industry happy, healthy, and productive, it will be even more important in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates teachers overworking and associated stress. Teachers must deal with mixed, profound types of interactions and respond to requests by colleagues, managers, parents, and community members. The work of teachers is very complex, especially in the classroom, because it requires to be constantly alert to everything that happens in there both in terms of student behavior, their emotions and their accumulation of knowledge. Teachers spend a good part of their time at work, being involved in relationships both with the beneficiaries of the services provided (students) and with other teachers, principals, inspectors etc.. All these relationships require a great deal of emotional effort, intellectually, mentally and even physically. At the same time, the teaching activities (teaching, guidance, evaluation) also require a lot of effort. It takes several hours of study to prepare for the lesson, and over time it is time-consuming, with teachers often giving up personal activities in order to perform their duty. Teachers overworking occurs when they cannot achieve a balance between the many demands they have to face: professional, social, family and they feel that they cannot give enough time to any of them. They report experiencing very high stress related to overworking. Action can be taken once the effects of teachers overworking are understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body-worn cameras (BWC) have diffused rapidly throughout policing as a means of promoting transparency and accountability. Yet, whether to release BWC footage to the public remains largely up to the discretion of police executives, and we know little about how they interpret and respond to BWC footage – particularly footage involving critical incidents. We asked a nationally representative sample of police executives (N = 476) how supportive they were of legislation that would mandate releasing BWC footage upon request as public information, and presented them with an experimental vignette about BWC capturing one of their officers fatally shooting an [armed/unarmed] [Black/White] suspect. Results indicated inconsistency in executives' attitudes and decision-making: (1) less than one-third of executives supported such legislation, (2) suspect race and armed/unarmed status shaped how executives felt media would cover the incident and whether they would state publicly that the shooting was justified, and (3) agency size conditioned the effects of armed/unarmed status on executives' perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Code-switching is when bilingual individuals alternate between two languages in the same conversation. Some studies find that code-switching frequency is associated with executive functioning, while others do not. Individual attitudes towards bilingual language use and code-switching may explain the inconsistency in the literature. For instance, greater positive attitudes towards code-switching may be associated with more likelihood to engage in that practice and thus strengthen the cognitive benefit in executive function. Additionally, code-switching between English and Spanish has been stigmatized in the U.S., therefore it is unclear what sociocultural factors may predict positive attitudes. In this study, we assessed Latinx bilinguals' attitudes on code-switching and investigated their relationship with code-switching frequency, sociodemographic and linguistic factors, and executive functioning. Participants and Methods: Participants were 525 community-dwelling English-Spanish bilingual Latinx adults from the Offspring study (Mage= 55.38 (10.42); Meducation= 12.62 (3.34); 71% women; 41% tested in English, 75% immigrant). A language history questionnaire assessed for bilingualism and code-switching frequency. Participants completed 7 questions on code-switching attitudes on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree (e.g., "switching between languages in a conversation is an important part of my identity"), that were summed for a total score with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes. Executive functioning was assessed with the NIH Toolbox Cognition battery, verbal fluencies, and the digit span test. Sociodemographic and linguistic factors included age, sex, education, immigrant status, parental years of education, English and Spanish proficiency (average score on self-reported ratings on speaking, reading, writing, and understanding), and testing language. General linear models evaluated the association of code-switching attitudes on executive function, after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Positive code-switching attitudes were correlated with greater code-switching, r(499)=.33, p<.001. Younger age r(499)=-.11, being born in the US t(493)=-2.05, greater English proficiency r(497)=.15, and English dominance t(499)=2.22, were associated with more positive code-switching attitudes (all p's <.05). Sex, education, parental years of education, and Spanish proficiency were not associated with code-switching attitudes. Overall models of attitudes with executive function indicated that positive code-switching attitudes were associated with worse visual working memory (b = -0.08, t(169) = -2.75, 95% CI [0.14, -0.02]) after adjusting for age, sex, education, immigration status, parental years of education and testing language. Code-switching attitudes were not significantly associated with other executive function measures. Conclusions: Among a community-based sample of bilingual middle-aged Latinx adults, positive attitudes towards code-switching were associated with greater likelihood of code-switching in conversations, higher English proficiency, being US born, younger age, and English language dominance but negatively associated with visual working memory. These findings indicate that code-switching attitudes are influenced by sociodemographic and linguistic factors. Additionally, the negative association between code-switching attitudes and visual working memory provides support for previous studies showing code-switching as a disadvantage to cognition. Results of this study suggest that detailed characterization of sociocultural factors and aspects of bilingualism can provide further clarity in determining if there is a potential bilingual cognitive advantage. Future research should examine the relationship of code-switching with other aspects of bilingualism (e.g., age of acquisition). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campesino leader Yoni Rivas left his community in the Aguán Valley, approximately eight hours from the capital, and traveled south on Honduras's poorly maintained highways to make it in time to present to president-elect Xiomara Castro's transition commission. (SETH SIDNEY BERRY) Rivas, Banegas, and many others in the room believe in the importance of presenting proposals for serious consideration in Castro's first 100 days in power. [Extracted from the article]

The present work aims to identify relevant factors influencing the adoption of business teleworking by collecting the perceptions and attitudes of company managers and supervisors within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Sars-CoV-2 virus. A quantitative study is performed by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 317 employees working in companies from the Maule Region, Chile. A database is built and analyzed in two phases: 1) a descriptive phase for demographic data and 2) an inferential and modeling phase to synthesize employees' perceptions and to determine possible causalities between variables. The results show eight factors. It is concluded that remote work is perceived as a contribution to the company, that the interviewees have a positive attitude towards remote work, and that technological variables enhance business continuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main objective of this article is to identify the attitudinal antecedents of dynamic capacities. For this, the method of grounded theory was used. Design/methodology/approach: The data collection strategies used were oral history interviews of thematic life, and in-depth interviews. The method of constant comparisons and the processes of open, axial, and selective coding were also used. Results: Based on the substantive theory that emerged from the research field, it was concluded that individual capacities underpin the intrapreneurial attitudes of managers of innovation projects. These capacities are associated with the organizational capacities of perception (self-knowledge, autonomy, emotional evaluation, detail, and initiative), apprehension (positive perspective, abstraction, critical analysis, emotional control, creativity, satisfaction with learning, and strategic vision), and reconfiguration (argumentation, self-confidence, communication, discipline, empathy, active listening, flexibility, dealing with pressure, resistance to frustrations, and systemic vision). This aggregated analysis revealed emerging cognitive and emotional elements that differed from the routine aspects of project management, underpinning the intrapreneurial attitude of the managers participating in this study. Originality/value: The main contribution of this study is the identification of individual capacities and collective behaviors that act as attitudinal triggers for the organizational capacities of perception, apprehension, and reconfiguration of pro-innovation resources. Potentially, this contribution can be used by innovation project managers when conducting recruitment/selection and training processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government has issued a series of new policies to make it easier to industrialize gene-edited crops. However, whether technological advantages will eventually translate into industrial advantages and whether farmers will soon have access to gene-edited varieties partly depends on seed companies' willingness to produce and sell gene-edited varieties to farmers and to invest in developing their own gene-edited varieties. This study utilizes data from a survey of 111 seed companies collected in 2019 before the implementation of new regulations. This study provides empirical evidence on whether gene-edited crops will be available to farmers. The results show that the number of companies conducting research on gene-edited crops is limited, mostly to large companies. Approximately 55% of seed company managers would consider developing and selling gene-edited crops modified by SDN-1 and SDN-2 site-directed nuclease genome editing without external genetic material, whereas 46% support crops modified by SDN-3, which require gene replacement or foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) insertion and are regulated as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The regression results show that large companies and companies with well-educated researchers are more likely to support and develop gene-editing technology. Past GM investment experience and collaboration with public institutions in gene-editing research increases the probability of company investment in gene editing R&D. These results suggest that gene-edited cultivars are more likely to be produced and sold to farmers in the future than GMOs, and that gene-edited agricultural products could have a significant market share of the seed market in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines strategic interactions between cross-ownership and managerial delegation contracts with environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) incentives in a mixed oligopoly. We find that private firms always utilize ECSR incentives in competing prices under cross-ownership, whereas public managers do so only when there is severe environmental damage. We also demonstrate that the ECSR incentives for welfare-weighted public managers are always lower than for their profit-weighted counterparts when they employ ECSR incentives, which leads to lower environmental damage and greater social welfare. Finally, we show that welfare-weighted public delegation increases the private firm's ECSR compared to no public delegation, which is reversed in the profit-weighted variant. Our findings suggest that the government should design an environmental incentive scheme to their public managers that can also induce private managers to behave more aggressively in abatement activities as the degree of cross-ownership increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I investigate public opinion toward Chinese FDI inflows in advanced economies, comparing attitudes toward such investment with attitudes toward American and European FDI inflows. I am interested in whether concerns with technology transfer (and related job losses) commonly associated with Chinese FDI resonate among the key target audience, namely managers. Accordingly, I expect managers to less strongly support Chinese FDI inflows relative to FDI inflows from advanced economies when they are employed in high R&D industries. I expect both self-interested and socio-tropic motives to drive the split in how managers view Chinese FDI vs. European and American FDI. Because technology transfer occurs in acquisitions, I also expect industry-level exposure to Chinese acquisitions to reinforce the negative joint impact of being a manager and employment in high R&D industries on support for Chinese FDI. Using original survey data from Switzerland, I find robust evidence for my expectations. The findings point to occupational characteristics and the fear of technology transfer as key drivers of opposition to Chinese FDI in advanced economies, and suggest that the demand-side politics of Chinese inward FDI is unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to reduce the rate of multicriteria decision-making (MCDA) errors in credit risk management and to weaken the influence of different attitudes of enterprise managers on the final decision when facing credit risk. First, several solutions that are suitable for present enterprise credit risk management are proposed according to the research of enterprise risk management in the world. Moreover, the criteria and matrix are established according to the general practice of the expert method. A decision-making method of enterprise credit risk management with trapezoidal fuzzy number as the criteria of credit risk management is proposed based on the prospect theory; then, the weight is calculated based on G1 weight calculation, G2 weight calculation method, and the method of maximizing deviation; finally, the prospect values of the alternatives calculated by each method are adopted to sort and compare the proposed solutions. Considering the difference of risk degree of managers in the face of credit risk management, the ranking results of enterprise credit risk management solutions based on three weight calculation methods are compared. The results show that as long as the quantitative value of the risk attitude of the enterprise credit risk manager meets a certain range, the final choice of credit risk management scheme ranking is consistent. This exploration provides a new research direction for enterprise credit risk management, which has reference significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]