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Although rituals are commonplace in marketer-consumer interactions, extant research devotes limited attention to how 'marketplace actors' or MAs (marketers and stakeholders enacting the roles of marketers) leverage these events in the marketplace. We scrutinise this gap by examining literature in the top 50 major marketing journals. We ask: What functions do marketplace rituals fulfil for MAs, as they leverage these rituals when shaping customer experiences? Our analysis finds MAs leverage rituals to support seven broad functional categories that pertain to customer experience: cognitive, cultural, emotive, logistical, relational, social, and transformative. We illuminate how MAs leverage these functions to meet specific goals. We propose an agenda for future research on marketplace rituals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity, a prominent discourse topic in tourism studies, is closely connected with event management. This review of authenticity studies in Event Management journal identifies three key research trends: object-based authenticity; authenticity, cocreation, and codestruction; and a sustainability focus towards authenticity. Specifically, object-based authenticity has still been predominant in event experiences, while cocreation and codestruction are increasingly considered pathways for (de)construction of authenticity, with both positive and negative impacts on events and their host communities, which paves the way to a stronger focus on sustainability of events, extending to destination management and local communities. Building on these key themes, this article suggests potential directions for future research and provides imperatives for a sustainable future in event management research and practice. Recommendations include embracing a multistakeholder approach to authenticity to generate benefits to host destinations and communities and engaging with various notions of authenticity to fully capture the event experiences' intricacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This critical commentary focuses on the research in Event Management on economic sustainability and events. We begin with a broad definition of an economically sustainable event that builds on economic impact to include social equity, livability, and community well-being, and accounts for environmental and social costs. We consider the methods, approaches, and types of events represented in the journal that lack diversity. The findings indicate that quantitative approaches predominate, focused on the direct and indirect contributions of visitor expenditure. Social, natural, and community capital have received less attention. The review calls for greater consideration of the economic sustainability of events beyond the tourism contribution; longitudinal studies on the impacts of events on the economic well-being of communities; understanding how events impact equity; correcting research bias towards Western developed economies by examining different contexts; exploring multiple event types; and investigating the role of planning in realizing economically sustainable events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy and reliability of IoT-based sensor networks depend on validating sensed data, including detecting outliers at the node level. This study proposes an online outlier detection approach using Multiple Linear Regression-based adaptive thresholds for real-time IoT/WSN sensor nodes. IoT sensors experience two outlier types: Errors, from sensor malfunctions or low battery, and Events, from sudden environmental changes. The Adaptive Threshold Based Outlier Detection (ATBOD) approach differentiates errors from events using an adaptive threshold that adjusts to real-time data patterns. Unlike existing methods that are used in literature, which lack automated model evolution and suffer from delays and high computational time, ATBOD enhances outlier detection sensitivity without increasing false alarms, which is crucial for efficient IoT sensor board operation. It also improves sensor board lifespan by discarding errors at the node level, preventing energy wastage from transmitting error data to the cloud. ATBOD outperforms existing algorithms, which are referenced for comparison, such as Enhanced Efficient Outlier Detection and Classification Approach (EEODCA), K Nearest Neighbor approximate outlier detection (KNN), and Modified Local Outlier Factor (LOF), in Error Detection Rate, Error False Positive Rate, and Energy Saving Ratio. These advancements represent a significant leap in performance, making ATBOD a superior method for real-time outlier detection in IoT sensor networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Event management is a growing sector in the tourism industry and one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The sector contributes significantly to global economies and provides substantial employment opportunities. Events are spaces for social interaction, education, leisure and opportunities. More recently, interest is being placed in making events accessible, yet the emerging body of research on accessibility, inclusion and diversity in events is still scarce. The objective of this paper is to contribute to understanding the accessibility of large events in an increasingly technology-dependent industry. With this purpose in mind, an evaluation of the accessibility of the Expo 2020 in Dubai has been conducted. Expos are events that showcase the latest technologies and innovation, are attended by million visitors and have hefty budgets. These factors make these events the ideal breeding ground for the implementation of advanced technologies. The study adopts a case study approach and draws on data from observation, in-depth interviews and online, qualitative questionnaires. The participants are people with disabilities (PwDs), the organizations in charge of the accessibility of the Expo and staff that worked at the event—some of whom were also PwDs. The experiences of PwDs at the event, the accessibility provision in place and the challenges and insights of accessibility experts involved are discussed, as well as the implications and recommendations for managing the accessibility of large events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing interest in wine festivals and events globally. This is due to the perceived positive benefits wine festivals and events bring to cities, towns, regional locations, and wine regions. To identify gaps in wine tourism research, a systematic literature review on wine festivals and events was undertaken to identify any research themes. The findings of the study suggest future directions for wine festivals and events research, and highlight important implications for the tourism industry, gastronomy practitioners, and policymakers regarding artificial intelligence, climatechange, and innovative entrepreneurship practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time is a fundamental dimension of our perception and mental construction of reality. It enables resolving changes in our environment without a direct sensory representation of elapsed time. Therefore, the concept of time is inferential by nature, but the units of subjective time that provide meaningful segmentation of the influx of sensory input remain to be determined. In this review, we posit that events are the construal instances of time perception as they provide a reproducible and consistent segmentation of the content. In that light, we discuss the implications of this proposal by looking at "events" and their role in subjective time experience from cultural anthropological and ontogenetic perspectives, as well as their relevance for episodic memory. Furthermore, we discuss the significance of "events" for the two critical aspects of subjective time--duration and order. Because segmentation involves parsing event streams according to causal sequences, we also consider the role of causality in developing the concept of directionality of mental timelines. We offer a fresh perspective on representing past and future events before age 5 by an egocentric bi-directional timeline model before acquiring the allocentric concept of absolute time. Finally, we illustrate how the relationship between events and durations can resolve contradictory experimental results. Although "time" warrants a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, we focus this review on "time perception", the experience of time, without attempting to provide an all encompassing overview of the rich philosophical, physical, psychological, cognitive, linguistic, and neurophysiological context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although we encounter objects from a particular perspective, what we perceive and remember are typically whole objects. In 'amodal completion' our mind automatically fills in objects' spatially occluded parts, and our memory then often discards information about the orientation from which the objects were perceived. An analogous phenomenon of 'event completion' has been demonstrated, which may be understood as the mind automatically filling in temporally occluded parts of events. Exemplifying typical experiments in this paradigm, Strickland and Keil (Strickland and Keil, Cognition 121:409–415, 2011) showed participants videos depicting a causal event (e.g., someone kicking a ball), which was edited so that a crucial part was missing (e.g., the moment of contact between foot and ball). Subjects were more likely to falsely remember having seen the moment of contact if (and only if) it was strongly implied by subsequent footage. We use this phenomenon of event completion as a test case for comparing different theories of reference in memory. We argue that event completion puts pressure on both pure causal and pure descriptive theories of reference, and favors more nuanced hybrids of causal and descriptive theories, which integrate insights from cognitive and epistemic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and explore a selection of the tools (alcohol, song/chants, signs) that darts fans use at live Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events and explain how the fans use these tools in the PDC darts arenas. Design/methodology/approach: A three-year empirical qualitative study, using a range of ethnographic methods, was conducted to understand how the use of these tools has made the live PDC darts events one of the ultimate sites of performative fandom. Findings: The carnivalesque atmosphere created by fans at live PDC events has made the events a televisual sports spectacle. This article explores some of the specific tools that are used to create a spectacle by the fans.These fan performances, using the tools, have been critical to the increases in the media viewership of professional darts tournaments and live attendances at the PDC events since the mid-2000s. Research Contribution: This article provides new insight into how a sports governing body utilises fans to create atmospheres at a niche sports event. By analysing darts fans' use of the selected tools, this article examines how a sport can be managed and marketed primarily via event atmospheres rather than the sporting action on the stage or field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy and reliability of IoT-based sensor networks depend on validating sensed data, including detecting outliers at the node level. This study proposes an online outlier detection approach using Multiple Linear Regression-based adaptive thresholds for real-time IoT/WSN sensor nodes. IoT sensors experience two outlier types: Errors, from sensor malfunctions or low battery, and Events, from sudden environmental changes. The Adaptive Threshold Based Outlier Detection (ATBOD) approach differentiates errors from events using an adaptive threshold that adjusts to real-time data patterns. Unlike existing methods that are used in literature, which lack automated model evolution and suffer from delays and high computational time, ATBOD enhances outlier detection sensitivity without increasing false alarms, which is crucial for efficient IoT sensor board operation. It also improves sensor board lifespan by discarding errors at the node level, preventing energy wastage from transmitting error data to the cloud. ATBOD outperforms existing algorithms, which are referenced for comparison, such as Enhanced Efficient Outlier Detection and Classification Approach (EEODCA), K Nearest Neighbor approximate outlier detection (KNN), and Modified Local Outlier Factor (LOF), in Error Detection Rate, Error False Positive Rate, and Energy Saving Ratio. These advancements represent a significant leap in performance, making ATBOD a superior method for real-time outlier detection in IoT sensor networks.

This study aims to analyze whether there are differences in internal and external events in abnormal profits, trading volume activity, and foreign investment in the stock market for BRIS issuers since the merger announcement and the ratification of the Bank Syariah Indonesia merger. This study is quantitative, where the data processed is secondary data from various sources. Several events during the merger period were collected from October 2020 to February 2021, and 11 events were obtained. This study divides the events into two groups and tests 5 internal and 6 external events with an event window of 11 days. The method used in this study is a different test using the Wilcoxon sign rank test and sample paired t-test, depending on the normal test results. The results of group testing events show no difference before and after internal and external events in abnormal profits, trading volume activity, and foreign investment. However, when viewed from each event, the results show that trading volume activity in events 1, 7, and 11 differs before and after. For foreign investment in events 7 and 11, there are differences before and after; for the rest, there is no difference. This research can provide insight and be a reference for future research. Practically, this research can be a reference for investors when determining investment decisions.

Drawing on Alain Badiou’s Being and Event, this article develops a philosophical analysis of the Chicxulub Impact Event and the subsequent Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction. Traditional scientific interpretations of these events tend to focus on ideas of natural selection, arguing that the asteroid strike was merely an accelerant for the inevitable decline of the non-avian dinosaurs. More contemporary interpretations seek the deeper causes of the asteroid strike itself, tracing its cosmic origins to the Oort Cloud, the collection of planetesimals that resides at the periphery of the Solar System. This article argues that Badiou’s philosophical representation of situations, multiples, and events elucidates the ontological implications of each of these interpretations. In particular, reading the traditional interpretation in relation to Being and Event highlights its anthropocentric implications, whereas a Badiouan reading of the more contemporary interpretation emphasizes not only humanity’s but also the earth’s nondescript status within the Solar System. In developing this analysis, the article reworks Badiou’s assumption that events (as he understands them) do not occur in the natural world. I argue that, in actuality, the Chicxulub Impact Event captures, in retrospect, Badiou’s understanding of an event as the sudden presentation of that which is unrepresented in a situation.

The article examines the distinctive characteristics of the utilisation of events within the marketing tools system in Ukraine. Furthermore, it analyses the prevailing global trends in the deployment of events within the marketing tools system. In particular, the annual increase in event budgeting is highlighted as a key trend, enabling organisations to plan more significant and better events in order to achieve their marketing goals. The implementation of technology in event marketing, whereby companies invest in events and utilise technology to create memorable experiences for customers and facilitate long-term growth, represents a significant trend. However, there is a shortage of qualified professionals in the field of event marketing, which presents a challenge for organisations seeking to engage with target audiences. Research indicates that 40% of event organisers perceive attracting new participants as their primary marketing challenge. Additionally, the popularity of remote and combined events, alongside the recognition of the effectiveness of live offline events in event marketing, represent noteworthy developments. It has been demonstrated that marketing tools have undergone substantial modifications and adaptations in the context of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. One of the most instrumental tools to emerge in this context is that of events. Notwithstanding the challenging circumstances, event marketing continues to represent a potent instrument for communication and persuasion among target audiences. The organisation of events in the context of armed conflict necessitates a high degree of vigilance and consideration for the safety of all participants. Those responsible for organising such events are compelled to give due consideration to the potential risks and to devise contingency plans in the event of unforeseen circumstances. Concurrently, such occurrences serve as a conduit for bolstering the populace's morale, disseminating crucial intelligence, and fortifying national unity. It is imperative to acknowledge that the war has compelled businesses to reassess their marketing strategies, resulting in the implementation of more adaptable and flexible approaches to event organisation. Online and hybrid formats have become indispensable tools for enabling continuous customer engagement despite physical constraints. Consequently, events in Ukraine's marketing tool system during wartime have been demonstrated to be highly efficient, flexible, and adaptable. Such events play a pivotal role in sustaining business stability, fostering new forms of audience interaction, and strengthening social bonds.

Informal conversations have been used in qualitative research for over 100 years. Whilst originally identified as a minor part of ethnographic study, scholarly literature in the 2020s has aimed to promote a greater use of the informal conversation method in qualitative research. In agreement with Swain and King (2022), informal conversations create a greater ease of communication and often produce more naturalistic data than other forms such as interviews. Using experiences from two qualitative studies at a range of multi-purpose arenas in the UK and Europe and English association football stadia, this article explores the use of informal conversations as a research method at live events. It provides strategies and guidance regarding how to successfully implement this method when collecting data; explains how informal conversations can be recorded effectively; and outlines how beneficial they are in producing valid and authentic data. The article also explores the ethical challenges that are faced when conducting informal conversations in live event spaces in terms of ethics, validity, and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe paper explores news photographs from New Zealand between 1900 and 1932 and unpacks the happenings at agricultural and pastoral events. It utilizes an archival research strategy to find the news coverage of such events that is informed by an animalcentric philosophy. As such, it engages with critical posthumanist and poststructuralist thought. This allows the presence of nonhuman animals as sentient beings to be recognized and challenges previous approaches of scholarship. Thus, the paper writes farmed nonhuman animals into the history of agricultural and pastoral events. In illustrating what occurred at these events, the paper illuminates the anthropocentric bias and speciesism-grounded principles embedded in human attitudes toward farmed nonhuman animals. Humans treat fellow sentient beings unfairly and unjustly, which is problematic when nonhuman animal sentience provides moral worth. This study contributes to studies in leisure’s ‘animal turn’ by focusing on the entanglements of human and farmed nonhuman animals in events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Olympic Games are one of the most significant megaevents worldwide, posing an important economic, social, and urban transformation challenge for the host cities. In this paper, the spatial impacts on urban planning, transportation, tourism, and housing generated by these sporting events in the cities where they take place are analyzed. The cases of Sydney 2000, London 2012, Rio de Janeiro 2016, and Tokyo 2020 were studied. To carry it out, a spatial analysis of land uses in the Olympic Park and surrounding area and of the transport infrastructures were carried out, the evolution of the number of visitors was analyzed as well as the variations in the price of housing. The results show important differences in the four cities analyzed, among which the divergent approaches to creating new urban areas and facilities or recycling existing ones stand out, as well as the residential impact, sometimes leading to expulsion and gentrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the book The Poetics of Events: Paul Ricoeur's Concept of Events, Liu Xin provides a comprehensive review and analysis of Paul Ricoeur's concept of "events". Through careful reading of the book, we can discover the significance and value of Paul Ricoeur's concept of "events" in the studies of creative writing:In terms of creative ontology, the concept of events emphasizes that narrative is a way of generating meaning, which is consistent with creative writing through writing as it constantly explores and discovers the individual's creative potential;In terms of creative reading, the concept of "reshaping" in the narrative process highlights the reader's initiative and creativity, which is basically similar to the connotation of creative reading;In terms of creative writing, narrative as an intentional activity uses words to rearrange and integrate events, which is providing a distinct perspective on creative writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the distribution and semantics of the reversative affix un- and the restitutive affix re-, and overall makes a new proposal about the lexical semantics of verbs. I argue that these affixes tell a story of derivational morphology that is based not on categorization of verbs into neat aspectual and decompositional classes, but on the result of the verb's action on the object and whether or not such a result state permits reversal and restitution. The argument structure of these affixes shows us that morphology interacts with semantics in a true compositional sense, whereby the affectedness of the object is a crucial factor in determining compatibility and composition. I propose an approach to verb meaning that encodes this important information as outcomes: the lifespan properties of the object after the action occurs on it. I propose, formulating the Verb-Root-Outcomes framework, that all verb roots come equipped with sets of outcomes. A wide array of verbs that have been classified as 'change-of-state' are shown to have different sub-classes based on the shape of the outcome set, and this also allows a formal definition of what 'potential' change could mean. The affixes un- and re- are modeled as result-state modifiers, which are sensitive to the outcomes of the action of the verb stem they attach to, and only attach when their presuppositions about the state of the object are met. Apart from directly comparing reversal and restitution with the same formal notion of equivalence, this approach also allows a transparent representation of event decomposition, whereby change in the object is able to be tracked at a granular level and its importance in determining the success of morphological derivations highlighted. This theory argues for compositional semantic interpretation at a sub-lexical level, while also showing how sentential and pragmatic factors affect verb meaning and derivational affixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical Organizational History (COH) lacks a reflexive discussion about its ontological possibilities. This article fills this gap through a comparative analysis of Foucault's and Deleuze's late philosophies of history. It offers a reflexive analysis about the ontological possibilities for COH by translating Foucault's and Deleuze's views of actualization and events in ways that inform COH. First, the 'new metaphysics of history' developed by Foucault stresses the importance of the continuous reopening of the present through events, which then defines specific attitudes, subjectivation, and care as ethics as the focus of historical work. Second, a 'post-historical metaphysics,' as elaborated by Deleuze, reflects a more asubjective stance, in which the post-historical move remains metaphysical. Images, aberrant movements, machines and agencements mediate the fluid becoming of experience, which is primary locus of history and critique. Both routes emphasize the role of critique as actualization and eventalization, thus continuously opening and bordering the present. An example of worker surveillance illustrates Foucault's and Deleuze's views on actualization, eventalization, and their approach of history. This article uncovers an interesting confluence of these approaches for organization scholars, namely, through the combination of events with non-events stressing the importance of absences and silences in critical descriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the salient developments in recent metaphysics is the increasing popularity of material plenitude: roughly, the thesis that wherever there is one material object there is in fact a great multitude of co-located but numerically distinct objects that differ principally in which of their properties they have essentially and which accidentally. Here I argue that we have at least as much reason to look favorably on event plenitude: wherever one event occurs there occur a great multitude of co-located but numerically distinct events that differ principally in which of their properties they have essentially and which accidentally. I argue, first, that the standard reasons to adopt material plenitude extend fairly straightforwardly to events, and secondly, that only event plenitude can protect the plausible idea that causality is an extensional relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association of metabolically healthy overweight/obese adults with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the effect of LDL-cholesterol levels on this association. This study was conducted with 15,904 participants from the URRAH study grouped according to BMI and metabolic status. Healthy metabolic status was identified with and without including LDL-cholesterol. The risk of MACE during 11.8 years of follow-up was evaluated with multivariable Cox regressions. Among the participants aged <70 years, high BMI was associated with an increased risk of MACE, whereas among the older subjects it was associated with lower risk. Compared to the group with normal weight/healthy metabolic status, the metabolically healthy participants aged <70 years who were overweight/obese had an increased risk of MACE with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.81 (95% CI, 1.34–10.85, p = 0.012). However, when LDL-cholesterol < 130 mg/dL was included in the definition of healthy metabolic status, no increase in risk was found in the overweight/obese adults compared to the normal weight individuals (hazard ratio 0.70 (0.07–6.71, p = 0.75). The present data show that the risk of MACE is increased in metabolically healthy overweight/obese individuals identified according to standard criteria. However, when LDL-cholesterol is included in the definition, metabolically healthy individuals who are overweight/obese have no increase in risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moralized minority actors can play important roles in social change processes by rejecting majority social norms and modeling alternative societal pathways. However, being a minority actor can be difficult, often resulting in stigma, derogation, and hostility from the majority group. For actions intrinsically linked with daily life (e.g., eating), such social obstacles might become so great that individuals acting alone experience activist burnout' and social isolation, and may stop pursuing social change altogether. Event‐based interventions are a promising (yet currently understudied) avenue for ameliorating these negative consequences and maintaining minority‐driven social change. Through on‐site field interviews (N = 20), we explore how attending an identity‐centering mass gathering (“The Vegan Campout”) acts to validate and empower a minority group (vegans) seeking social change. We show how the event functioned as a space where vegan identity, food, and action were centered and celebrated, in stark contrast to vegans' experiences of a majority meat‐eating society, where they often experienced negativity. Experiencing a 'temporary social majority' context provided important respite for vegans to gain strength, rekindle their vegan identities, and (re)affirm their commitment to activism. Our findings provide insight into the benefits of identity‐centering events for sustaining social change efforts among moralized minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social events may provide important cues that influence the sense of reality, including the perception that conspiracy theories are plausible. Using longitudinal panel data collected in the UK from March 2020 to December 2021, this study aims to identify whether social events influenced the strength of the association between conspiracy mentality and vaccine intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with previous research, the conspiracy mentality was a significant predictor of vaccine intentions across three-time points, but also that conspiracy mentality measured in March 2020 predicted that participants were more hesitant to the vaccines in December 2020. The primary finding was that different social events moderated the strength of the correlation between conspiracy mentality and vaccine intentions within similar participants. Conspiracy mentality became more vital to evaluate COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020, when the vaccination program was about to commence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent theorizing challenges the notion that leadership, and especially leader identities, is static. Yet, we know little about the dynamics that characterize how leader identities change within individuals across short periods of time. The current work integrates theorizing on temporal dynamics in leadership research with event systems theory to describe and predict day-to-day shifts (i.e., unidirectional, sudden changes) and dynamic ebb and flow patterns (i.e., multidirectional, potentially nonlinear changes over multiple days) of individuals' leader identities. Specifically, we argue that the experience of strong (i.e., novel, disruptive, extraordinary) daily events facilitates positive leader identity shifts, and that over time, the resulting identity ebb and flows are more pronounced in unfamiliar compared to familiar contexts. We collected experience sampling data from 69 young adults at a university in the UK across seven-day periods at three different time points during the academic year (1159 data points). Using dynamical systems modeling, we analyze the velocity (i.e., rate of change) and the acceleration (i.e., change in velocity) parameters of individuals' leader identity dynamics. We find that (a) on a daily level, strong events prompt positive shifts in leader identity, and that (b) over time, chains of stronger and weaker events provoke similar patterns of leader identity ebb and flows. However, these relationships are not stronger in unfamiliar compared to familiar contexts. Our research informs the theoretical understanding of events and short-term leader identity dynamics. We discuss implications for theory and research, in particular how events can trigger leader identity formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses how the negative particle no interacts with Spanish deverbal nominalizations that denote an event. Firstly, it is pointed out that, when preceded by negation, these nominalizations only give rise to the inhibited eventuality reading, contrary to what happens with verbs, which give rise to both the inhibited eventuality reading and the negated eventuality reading. Secondly, it is shown that, when these nominalizations co-occur with no, their lexical aspect is modified, as they share properties with events, but with states as well. Thirdly, a proposal of analysis for is presented. We claim that both the interpretation and lexical aspect of this construction follow from the interaction of negation with the syntactic configuration of the nominalization and, specifically, with the projection responsible for the triggering of the eventuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemic argument against epiphenomenalism aims to prove that even if epiphenomenalism is true, its adherents are not able to justify their inferential beliefs. This would mean that they cannot know that they are right which is a self-stultifying consequence. I elaborate on this problem and then present an updated version of epiphenomenalism based on property dualism. I argue that this position is capable of refuting the conclusion of the epistemic argument even in spite of accepting its essential assumptions. This was made possible by an upgraded property exemplification account of events. I also argue against a view which, if true, gives substantial support to the epistemic argument: that a belief justified by other beliefs is knowledge only if it is caused by those beliefs in virtue of their contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Quantification, matching and events" by Richard K. Larson discusses the topic of quantification and matching in natural language semantics. The author explores examples of quantification and argues that the truth conditions of these statements involve matching between different elements. The article proposes that matching in quantification arises from the internal semantic structure of the quantifier and suggests that all quantifiers can be analyzed as having an underlying structure involving injections into events. The author also addresses the role of context, the difference between unbound pronouns and variables bound by existential quantifiers, and different analyses of sentences involving quantification and matching. The text concludes by discussing the connection between quantification, matching, and events, and argues that events, injections, and matching are central to all quantification. The article also explores the need for quantificational states in the semantics of adverbial quantifiers and proposes a neo-Davidsonian approach to understanding quantification. The text discusses semantic rules for quantifiers and provides a framework for understanding quantification in natural language. Finally, the author discusses the topic of quantification in relation to adverbial quantification and argues that all quantifiers involve matching. [Extracted from the article]

Within Japan, Japanese hospitality or omotenashi is seen as distinct from 'western' hospitality, which is seen as a transactional service, focusing on the provision of food and beverages. Omotenashi, on the other hand, is based on the cultivation of a relationship between host and guest and an anticipation of needs. This article examines the role that volunteers played in delivering omotenashi and in co-creating a hospitable environment at the 2019 Rugby World Cup (RWC) in Japan. To welcome visitors, 13,000 volunteers were mobilized in host cities across the country, the highest number of volunteers in the history of the RWC. As a social event, the tournament offered many opportunities for interaction between the hosts and visitors, allowing for a co-created experience. Employing a walking methodology and participant–observation conducted within the event spaces, this article demonstrates how the engagement of the local communities through hosting, volunteering and direct interaction with visitors contributed to the co-creation of the event experience, and how omotenashi was embedded in the experiencescape. The research finds that although visitors were provided with a space in which their service needs were met, the hospitable environment was largely created through interactions between visitors and volunteers and between visitors and other visitors, both domestic and international. Significantly, volunteers displayed omotenashi, engaging with visitors in (fleeting) relationships, rather than as service providers, contributing to a clear sense of communitas and welcome that would not be found in typical transactional hospitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial introduces the concept of hospitable destinations and sets the context for the Special Issue articles. It begins by exploring the complex nature of destinations more generally and highlighting their links with place. The discussion then moves to critically examining intersections of hospitality and destinations, considering various drivers for mobilizing hospitableness in strategic placemaking and the impacts of emergent hospitality-related practices on disparate destination stakeholders. The next section introduces the articles in the Special Issue, which examine in diverse empirical contexts how hospitality is experienced, co-created, operationalized and strategically deployed to produce, and occasionally challenge, notions of hospitable destinations. The editorial concludes by reflecting on the implications of the Special Issue articles for future research and practice that adopts hospitality perspectives to plan, manage and examine destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Astroworld concert tragedy is used as an example of crisis (mis)management and the potential utility of the 4R model. Although the 4R model has been implemented in high-risk emergency management situations, it is useful in the PR field because of its actionable approach, creating a way for practitioners to prepare for and manage crisis situations. Design/methodology/approach: This is an analysis of the crisis that occurred at Astroworld, spanning preparation, day-of events, casualties and enduring reputational impact. The paper applies the 4R method to the Astroworld tragedy to show how it could have lessened or even prevented the tragedy. Finally, the SCCT model is used to explain why the official post-crisis statements were ineffective. Findings: Social media has heightened the importance of a quick and effective organizational response to risk and crisis situations because poor responses can go viral quickly. However, social media also provides intelligence and crowd sourced information that can inform PR practitioners of emerging crisis scenarios. It is also an underutilized tool for two-way communication during crises. Practical implications: The 4R approach is beneficial to general practitioners as it simplifies crisis best-practices, something essential for quick action. As our world changes and becomes less predictable, practitioners must have a clear plan to protect their organizations and the public surrounding them. This approach includes reduction, readiness, response and recovery, which are all essential in crisis communication. Originality/value: The 4R method has not been explored or applied in the PR field. This paper highlights how the model has been utilized in the emergency management field and illustrates the way 4R can serve the PR field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the catering challenges for hospitality workers versus ticket sales at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival (MICF) in terms of their entrepreneurial behaviour. Research Design & Methods: This qualitative conceptual paper is based on interviewing hospitality workers at the MICF. Semi-structured interviews were used to survey venue managers and temporary hospitality workers whilst working at the MICF. Findings: The findings showcase that although some service processes at international comedy festivals can improve, it is unlikely to change in any significant way due to the nature of how comedy festivals are operated and for the duration for the individual shows. It is not feasible to have too many full-time staff or event parttime staff when a temporary or casual work force can service ticket holders even though some people may have a negative experience. Therefore, the workers need to develop entrepreneurial skills in order to succeed in the competitive marketplace. Implications & Recommendations: Investigating the challenges hospitality workers experience at the MICF when ticket sales are continually sold up until the performance is the first attempt at qualitative research in this field of study bridging the gap in event management, festival, and hospitality literature. It highlights the use of temporary hospitality workers as the main labour force of international comedy festivals and showcases some of the challenges hospitality workers experience. It acknowledges the need to think outside the box and to be innovative with work decisions. Contribution & Value Added: This paper adds to the growing body of literature in challenges for the hospitality industry, temporary hospitality workers, international comedy events and last-minute ticket sales and offers practical implications to assist in future large-scale comedy and fringe festivals for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives play a crucial role in human communication, serving as a means to convey experiences, perspectives, and meanings across various domains. They are particularly significant in scientific communities, where narratives are often utilized to explain complex phenomena and share knowledge. This article explores the possibility of integrating large language models (LLMs) into a workflow that, exploiting the Semantic Web technologies, transforms raw textual data gathered by scientific communities into narratives. In particular, we focus on using LLMs to automatically create narrative events, maintaining the reliability of the generated texts. The study provides a conceptual definition of narrative events and evaluates the performance of different smaller LLMs compared to the requirements we identified. A key aspect of the experiment is the emphasis on maintaining the integrity of the original narratives in the LLM outputs, as experts often review texts produced by scientific communities to ensure their accuracy and reliability. We first perform an evaluation on a corpus of five narratives and then on a larger dataset comprising 124 narratives. LLaMA 2 is identified as the most suitable model for generating narrative events that closely align with the input texts, demonstrating its ability to generate high-quality narrative events. Prompt engineering techniques are then employed to enhance the performance of the selected model, leading to further improvements in the quality of the generated texts.

Award ceremonies value and highlight the best pieces of communication, reflecting the innovative trends of advertising practice, and are also on the rise as places for meeting and exchanging experiences, points of reflection on the challenges facing the industry and events to showcase the high value of the industry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the methodology of advertising festivals and identify the criteria for their operation. A content analysis of the official websites of 85 international award ceremonies with 20 indicators was carried out. The results show the non-specialized, general nature of most of the annual events. Five major award category types are identified: media and actions, digital, differential feature of the endeavour, resources used and results obtained. The jury selection criteria are only made public for one in ten award ceremonies, while the criteria for the assessment of the pieces are not known for 40% of the award ceremonies. This study has theoretical–practical implications, and expands upon previous knowledge regarding award, the selection of people and pieces, and the criteria for both. It concludes by underlining transparency as a potential area for improvement.

Time is a fundamental dimension of our perception and mental construction of reality. It enables resolving changes in our environment without a direct sensory representation of elapsed time. Therefore, the concept of time is inferential by nature, but the units of subjective time that provide meaningful segmentation of the influx of sensory input remain to be determined. In this review, we posit that events are the construal instances of time perception as they provide a reproducible and consistent segmentation of the content. In that light, we discuss the implications of this proposal by looking at “events” and their role in subjective time experience from cultural anthropological and ontogenetic perspectives, as well as their relevance for episodic memory. Furthermore, we discuss the significance of “events” for the two critical aspects of subjective time—duration and order. Because segmentation involves parsing event streams according to causal sequences, we also consider the role of causality in developing the concept of directionality of mental timelines. We offer a fresh perspective on representing past and future events before age 5 by an egocentric bi-directional timeline model before acquiring the allocentric concept of absolute time. Finally, we illustrate how the relationship between events and durations can resolve contradictory experimental results. Although “time” warrants a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, we focus this review on “time perception”, the experience of time, without attempting to provide an all encompassing overview of the rich philosophical, physical, psychological, cognitive, linguistic, and neurophysiological context.