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Laboratory-synthesized nanocarbon pelletized with titanosilicate (ETS-10) as a support matrix has been investigated for the capture of radioactive iodine present as methyl iodide (CH3I) in the off-gas streams produced during aqueous reprocessing of used nuclear fuel. The mass fraction of carbon in the sorbent matrix was 0.10. The effects of residence time and CH3I concentration were investigated using a continuous flow column setup to quantify the adsorption and desorption capacities of adsorbent under dynamic conditions from an air stream containing CH3I present at concentrations representative of those expected in the off-gas streams. Air with CH3I gas as a source in the column resulted in quantifiable CH3I adsorption with 0.98 mg/g of adsorption capacity. Laboratory-made nanocarbons had a larger adsorption capacity than those of the other carbons reported in the literature. Additionally, the adsorption capacity of nanocarbon on ETS-10 is compared to that of nanocarbon coated on cordierite in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the outstanding features of the titanosilicate ETS-10 and some studies done on CO2 adsorption so far, there is a lack of coherent information to evaluate its potential industrial application in CO2 separation from natural gas and flue gas. In this work, ETS-10 and SrETS-10 were synthesized and characterized by PXRD, SEM, DTA, EDX, and BET. Pure gas adsorption isotherms of CO2, CH4, and N2 at 298 K were obtained by the constant-volume method. The obtained adsorption data were fitted with Langmuir and UNILAN isotherm models. The CO2/CH4 selectivity (yCO2 = 0.05) predicted by Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory (IAST) was 67.54 and 35.65 for ETS-10 and SrETS-10, respectively, while the CO2/N2 selectivity (yCO2 = 0.04) was 94.64 and 99.94. The Pseudo-Nth-Order (PNO) and micropore diffusion model were used to evaluate the CO2 adsorption kinetics and diffusivity of the adsorbents. The results showed that both ETS-10 and SrETS-10 exhibited fast kinetics for CO2 adsorption, but SrETS-10 had a slightly smaller diffusion coefficient (DC/rC2 = 0.01494 and 0.01458 s−1 for ETS-10 and SrETS-10, respectively) resulting in a slower adsorption rate than ETS-10. The regenerability of ETS-10 and SrETS-10 was studied and it was found that for ETS-10 about 79.07% and 96.32% of the capacity can be regenerated by applying vacuum and heating, respectively and also 79.67% of the SrETS-10 capacity can also be regenerated by applying vacuum. From the results of this work with an approach of industrial application, it was concluded that ETS-10 and SrETS-10 can be used in a combined PSA and TSA process for CO2 separation.

Three types of metal-doped ETS-10 zeolites including Ni-ETS-10, Al-ETS-10, and Ga-ETS-10 were successfully synthesized by one-pot template-free hydrothermal treatments. The effect of doping metals on the crystallinity, morphology, textural property, and basicity of the produced zeolites was systematically studied. It was found that doping with an appropriate amount of Ni could enhance the crystallinity and basicity of ETS-10 zeolites in comparison with Al and Ga, and the Ni species mainly existed in two forms of framework coordination and exchange site connection within Ni-ETS-10. The catalytic evaluation by the liquid Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate confirmed the superiority of ETS-10 and metal-doped ETS-10 in comparison with the contrast base zeolites of NaY and KY. And the 0.4Ni-ETS-10 catalyst exihibted the best performance with 75.6 % yield of ethyl ɑ-cyanocinnamate (ECC) among all the synthesized (metal-doped) ETS-10 zeolites. It is reasonable to expect that the demonstrated work has important implications for the design and facile synthesis of new-type high-performance base zeolite catalysts.

Heavy hydrocarbons must be separated from natural gas for various reasons, including two-phase formation in transportation pipelines. One of the most important methods for this purpose is the adsorption method. However, there is a lack of studies on heavy hydrocarbons’ adsorption on titanosilicates as an early-developed adsorbent. In this work, titanosilicate ETS-10 was evaluated for the adsorption of heptane, as a representative of heavy hydrocarbons. To study the effect of ETS-10 treatment on its properties and consequently heavy hydrocarbon adsorption, the synthesized samples were treated by different methods such as using an organic template, changing the solvent, fluorination and ion exchanging. All samples were characterized by combined analyses and their heptane adsorption was studied by volumetric method. Results showed that ETS-10 treatment leads to an increase in the mesoporosity of ETS-10. Also, using organic directing agents and isopropanol solvents resulted in better crystallization and higher adsorption capacity for the prepared ETS-10. It was observed that in a 3-h degassing at 300 °C, the HF-ETS-10 sample had the highest heptane uptake (1.84 mmol/g) which is more than twice that of ETS-10. Further evaluation confirmed that adsorption capacity of this sample remained constant after being used for 5 cycles of adsorption-desorption. It was concluded that ETS-10 can be suggested as an attractive adsorbent for heavy hydrocarbon removal.

Synthesis of titanosilicate ETS-10 with high purity and crystallinity is a big challenge due to its limited crystallization region. ETS-10 was synthesized and characterized by SEM, EDX, BET, and TGA/DTA methods. The effect of synthesis parameters including pH of the gel, crystallization temperature and time, and the potassium source, were studied using the one-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The results showed that the ETS-10 with the highest purity was achieved considering the gel pH of 11.3, and the crystallization time and temperature of 72 h and 230 °C. It was also revealed that there was considerable interaction between the potassium source with other synthesis parameters. Afterward, CO2 adsorption of the pure synthesized sample was obtained at 298 K using a volumetric setup. The Dual-site Langmuir, Toth, and UNILAN isotherms were applied to model the obtained equilibrium adsorption data. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the synthesized pure ETS-10 was obtained equal to 3.37 mmol/g. Finally, the adsorption kinetics data were modeled using the PNO model with n = 3.5. The results showed that about 90% of the equilibrium absorption was achieved in only 25 s, which indicates the remarkable capability of using pure ETS-10 for CO2 capture by the PSA method.

Pure oxygen demand is continuously increasing worldwide due to wide applications including medical and industrial. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is one of the promising techniques to separate O2 from atmospheric air. The porous solid adsorbent is a key element in the PSA to trap nitrogen (N2) and release O2. Several adsorbents including low silica X (LSX), zeolite 5A, ion‐exchanged LSX (Li‐LSX, AgLi‐LSX, Ca‐LSX), Engelhard titanosilicate (Na‐ETS‐10, Ag‐ETS‐10), and SSZ‐13 have been investigated for adsorption of N2 from the air. This review article is a summarization of recent research work published on O2 separation using different porous adsorbents via PSA. This review also emphasizes on the best porous sorbent for purification of O2 by sorption of N2 and Ar. The adsorption capacities with experimental conditions are also rigorously discussed. The review also proposed future trends and prospects for O2 separation. This review will be helpful to choose remarkable adsorbent for the generation pure O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 1% Ru nanoparticle-encapsulating ETS-10 is an excellent CO 2 methanation catalyst. • Intrinsic TOF of 3321 h−1 is remarkably higher than the reported maximum of 1188 h−1. • CO 2 -capturing ability of the host and electron-rich Ru NP are essential for high TOF. • 1% Ru loading into the host is important to keep the nanoparticle sizes small. • Incorporation of Ru3+ into ETS-10 by ion exchange is key to high performance. Catalytic thermal hydrogenation of CO 2 to CH 4 with renewably produced H 2 is one of the routes to reduce the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere. In this respect, various catalysts have been developed. Among them, 5% Ru-loaded Al 2 O 3 [Ru(5%)-Al 2 O 3 ] has shown the highest performance, at 300 °C, in terms of the intrinsic reaction rate and the turnover frequency (TOF), which were 38 mmol CH4 g−1h−1 and 1188 h−1, respectively. The CH 4 selectivity of the catalyst was 95%. Despite of the above and other achievements, the developments of the catalysts that exhibit higher performances should be continued. This work now reports that 1% Ru-loaded ETS-10 [Ru(1%)-ETS-10] and 1% Ru-loaded TiO 2 [Ru(1%)-TiO 2 ] give the intrinsic reaction rates of 329 and 266 mmol CH4 g−1h−1, TOFs of 3321 and 2684 h−1 with the CH 4 selectivities of 85.8 and 97.9%, respectively. In particular, Ru(1%)-ETS-10 is superior to Ru(1%)-TiO 2 in terms of the stability (stable for more than 130 h). The analyses of the above three catalysts suggested the guidelines to prepare high performance catalysts, which are the support should be microporous materials and should possess the capability to introduce metal ions into the support by cation exchange so that they can be activated to metal nanoparticles by reduction, the support should be able to stabilize the metal nanoparticles, the active metal catalysts should be 2–5 nm sized three-dimensional (3D) Ru x nanoparticles, the loading level of Ru x nanoparticles should be 1%, the support should have the affinity to capture CO 2 so that the catalyst can have the dual functionality of CO 2 capture and CO 2 reduction, the Ru x nanoparticles should be highly basic, and the prepared Ru x nanoparticles should not be poisoned by CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The storage/disposal of the hazardous fission product iodine (I 2) from waste of nuclear industries has caused worldwide concerns because of its severely negative impacts on organisms and environments. Therefore, searching for appropriate adsorbent is of great importance for effective capture of radioactive I 2. Herein, a series of novel hierarchical adsorbents, composed of the nanoscale Materials of Institute Lavoisier-53(Al) (MIL-53(Al)) or its amine functionalized derivative NH 2 -MIL-51(Al) onto a supporter Engelhard Titanosilicate-10 (ETS-10) were successfully synthesized via a wet impregnation method. The performance for I 2 removal of the absorbents (MIL-53(Al), NH 2 -MIL-51(Al) and NH 2 -MIL-51(Al)@ETS-10) were studied as functions of loading amount, morphology and pore structure, respectively. The NH 2 -MIL-51(Al)@ETS-10 represents the best adsorption performance due to its good cooperative effects including larger surface area, higher load capacity, strong affinity of charge-transfer complexes with I 2 (-NH 2 or –NH with I). The adsorption capacity of NH 2 -MIL-51(Al)@ETS-10 could be reached to 1.16 g·g−1 and is ∼ 2.5 and 5 times higher than the NH 2 -MIL-51(Al) and MIL-51(Al), respectively. The kinetics and isotherms for adsorption could be fitted via pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, indicating the strong monolayer chemisorption interactions. The study manifests that the designed material has certain potential for application in I 2 entrapment. [Display omitted] • Novel micro/mesoporous NH 2 -MIL-53@ETS-10 was synthesized via wet impregnation method. • Hierarchical adsorbent show excellent adsorption due to structure property and high stability. • The I 2 adsorption was strong monolayer chemisorption interactions. • Ammonium modification could significantly improve adsorption performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, the preparation of hierarchically structured ETS-10-based catalysts exhibiting notably higher activity in the conversion of triolein with methanol compared to microporous titanosilicate is presented. Triolein, together with its unsaturated analog trilinolein, represent the most prevalent triglycerides in oils. The introduction of mesopores by post-synthetic treatment with hydrogen peroxide and a subsequent calcination step results in the generation of an additional active surface with Brønsted basic sites becoming accessible for triolein and enhancing the rate of transesterification. The resulting catalyst exhibits a comparable triolein conversion (≈73%) after 4 h of reaction to CaO (≈76%), which is reportedly known to be highly active in the transesterification of triglycerides. In addition, while CaO showed a maximum conversion of 83% after 24 h, the ETS-10-based catalyst reached 100% after 8 h, revealing its higher stability compared to CaO. The following characteristics of the catalysts were experimentally addressed – crystal structure (X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy), crystal shape and size (scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction), textural properties (N2 sorption, Hg porosimetry), presence of hydroxyl groups and active sites (temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), mesopore accessibility and diffusion coefficient of adsorbed triolein (pulsed field gradient NMR), pore interconnectivity (variable temperature and exchange spectroscopy experiments using hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR) and oxidation state of Ti atoms (electron paramagnetic resonance). The obtained results enabled the detailed understanding of the impact of the post-synthetic treatment applied to the ETS-10 titanosilicate with respect to the catalytic activity in the heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides.

In this paper, we present a systematic quantum-mechanical density functional theory (DFT) study of adsorption of small gas molecules in cation-exchanged Engelhard titanosilicate ETS-10 crystalline materials. Adsorbates with a range of polarities were considered, ranging from polar (H2O), quadrupolar (CO2 and N2), to apolar (CH4) atmospheric gases. Starting from the base-case of Na-ETS-10, other extra framework cations such as Li+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ were considered. The DFT calculations were performed with the M06-L functional and were corrected for basis set superposition error with the counterpoise method in order to provide accurate and robust geometries and adsorption energies. For all adsorbates, the adsorption enthalpies decrease in the order Li+>Na+>K+>Rb+>Cs+, while adsorbate – cation interaction distances increase along the same order. For the two extreme cases, the enthalpies calculated at the M06-L/6-31++G** level of theory for CH4, N2, CO2, and H2O interaction with Li+(Cs+) exchanged materials are −21.8 (−1.7) kJ·mol−1, −19.0 (−10.7) kJ·mol−1, −34.4 (−21.3) kJ·mol−1, and −70.5 (−36.1) kJ·mol−1, respectively. Additionally, the calculated vibrational frequencies are found to be in quite good agreement with the characteristic vibrational modes of alkali metal cation-exchanged ETS-10 and also with the available experimental frequencies for CH4, N2, CO2, and H2O interactions with alkali metal cations in the 12-membered channel of ETS-10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ETS-10, zeolite A and sepiolite based nano-structured materials were prepared and modified with potassium containing compounds using ion-exchange or impregnation and evaluated as basic catalysts for transesterification of vegetable oils using microwave heating. The structural features of these catalysts were characterised in detail by the variable temperature in situ X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and in situ FTIR spectroscopy using adsorption–desorption of acetylene as a basic probe in order to evaluate their structure–catalytic performance relationship in the methanolysis of triglycerides. A wide range of parameters were utilised in order to optimise the reaction conditions. Although a high yield of fatty acid methyl esters with almost 100% selectivity can be achieved in transesterification reactions in the presence of K-containing sepiolite, this system shows significant deactivation due to its structural degradation and loss of the active component during the reaction and regeneration cycles. In contrast, zeolite KA and ETS-10, which are thermally stable crystalline materials, demonstrated no decrease in their activity for up to four reaction runs, and therefore can be used as effective solid basic catalysts in this reaction. Here we explore for the first time how the thermal and structural stability of the supported clay can affect its activity, an essential issue which has not been sufficiently studied in the recent research related to the biofuel production over solid catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oligomerization of short alkenes (ethylene and propylene) can be used for producing commodity chemicals. Various catalysts have been used for alkene oligomerization, among which ordered microporous catalysts are thermally and mechanically stable and are already established for large‐scale industrial applications. In this work, we demonstrate ethylene oligomerization reaction on a microporous titanosilicate ETS‐10 (Engelhard Titanosiliate‐10) exchanged with Ni2+ (Ni‐ETS‐10). We demonstrate a template‐free and fluoride‐free ETS‐10 synthesis method that does not produce impurities commonly seen in hydrothermal ETS‐10 synthesis. Ni‐ETS‐10 showed high C2 conversion rate, high selectivity to C4 and high stability comparing to other microporous catalysts investigated in this work for ethylene oligomerization reaction. More deETS, please! ETS‐10 loaded with Ni2+ is shown to be active and stable for ethylene oligomerization. Ni‐ETS‐10 showed high C4 selectivity among microporous catalysts for ethylene oligomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 capture from humid flue gas is always costly due to the irreplaceable pretreatment of dehydration in current processes, which creates an urgent demand for moisture-insensitive adsorbents with considerable CO2 uptakes as well as remarkable H2O tolerances. In the present work, the microporous titanium silicate molecular sieve ETS-10 was synthesized with coal fly ash as the only silica source. The as-synthesized ETS-10 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy to verify its crystal morphology, in which neither impurity nor aggregation was observed. The following CO2 adsorption experiments on the thermal gravimetric analyzer demonstrated its similar CO2 adsorption capacity yet dramatical adsorption kinetics among some other microporous materials, e.g., potassium chabazite. These specific properties consequently guaranteed its favorable CO2 adsorption capacity even at high temperatures (1.35 mmol/g at 393 K) and shortened the breakthrough time of single CO2 flow to less than 20 s. In CO2/H2O binary breakthrough experiments, the as-obtained ETS-10 still maintained excellent CO2 uptake of 0.81 mmol/g at 323 K, regardless of the presence of water vapor, making it a promising substitute for direct CO2 separation from humid flue gases at practical conditions of post-combustion adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of ion-exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) are prepared by filling the pores of a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrate with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and microporous Engelhard titanosilicate-10 (ETS-10). The effects of ETS-10 incorporation and PTFE reinforcement on membrane properties and VRB single-cell performance are investigated using various characterization tools. The results show that these composite membranes exhibit improved mechanical properties and reduced vanadium-ion permeabilities owing to the interactions between ETS-10 and SPEEK, the suppressed swelling of PTFE, and the unique ETS-10 framework. The composite membrane with 3 wt% ETS-10 (referred to as “SE3/P”) exhibits the best membrane properties and highest ion selectivity. The VRB system with the SE3/P membrane exhibits higher cell capacity, higher cell efficiency, and lower capacity decay than that with a Nafion membrane. These results indicate that this composite membrane has potential as an alternative to Nafion in VRB systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and improve the ammonia adsorption performance of Na/K-ETS-10 material using an ion exchange method followed by calcination process to replace its Na/K ions with H ions. The Na/K-ETS-10 starting material and the obtained H-type ETS-10 sample were investigated by temperature-programmed desorption of NH, NH breakthrough test and NH absorption isotherm (10-30 °C). When the modification method is used, not only the H-type ETS-10 sample showed the highest NH adsorption capacity of 6.2 mol/kg at 10 °C, but also there is an overall remarkable improvement in the NH breakthrough time in comparison with original one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work self-bonded pellets of Engelhard Titaniun Silicates, ETS-4 and ETS-10, containing cobalt and carbon nanotubes, were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis at 190 °C, from gels of the initial composition x-NaO-0.2TiO-0.6KF-(1.28x − 2y)HCl-2yHNO-1.49SiO-yCoO-39.5HO, with x equal to 0.8; 1; 1.5; 2.5 mol and y equal to 0.015; 0.03; 0.06; 0.1. To the initial gels were then added different weight percentages of carbon nanotubes compared to the dry gel. The obtained pellets were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis (TG, DTG, DSC), tests of mechanical resistance to compression and nuclear magnetic resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main scope of the present work is to synthesize pH-responsive Engelhard titanium silicate (ETS)-10 phase crystalline pellets through the smart modification of a synthetic process which was previously applied to the preparation of other phases. The original preparative method, which envisages the use of the same initial synthesis as a binder for the preparation of pellets, was modified by adding an appropriate pH indicator to a number of systems subject to this investigation. It should be noted that the modified process was never before used to give access to pH-responsive ETS-10 phase pellets, and it is disclosed here for the first time. The study started from the definition of the best experimental conditions, which were optimized by analyzing the effects of temperature and system composition. The addition of the pH indicator did not alter the physicochemical characteristics and reactivity of the system. The pH-responsive ETS-10 phase crystalline pellets were characterized by an adequate mechanical strength and by a high capability to change color. The latter aspect can be particularly useful when this material is used in catalytic processes whose performance is strictly dependent on the pH value. The amount of gel used, as well as the working temperature, were the main critical parameters to be controlled during the preparation of pH-responsive ETS-10 phase crystalline pellets. The pellets were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction in order to investigate and identify the possible phases, and by using a hardness tester to measure the compressive strength. Finally, toning tests were performed.

Engelhard Titanosilicate-10 (ETS-10) has been studied widely for its adsorption and photocatalytic properties. The properties can be enhanced through various chemical approaches, such as modification of ETS-10 active sites with transition metal. In this work, graphene oxide incorporated ETS-10 (as GO/ETS-10) was prepared by refluxing the ETS-10 powder and GO suspension in water medium. The obtained GO/ETS-10, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was chemically bound through the carbon atoms of GO and the oxygen atoms on the surface of ETS-10. The GO/ETS-10 composite has shown exceptional adsorption properties towards cationic methylene blue (MB) in comparison to ETS-10 alone. However, results have shown that the GO/ETS-10 has poor adsorption affinity towards anionic methyl orange (MO) in water. The adsorption isotherms of GO/ETS-10 composite towards MB was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity of 286 mg·g − 1 which was about 2 times higher than adsorption capacity of ETS-10 alone, i.e. 135 mg·g − 1 . Besides, adsorption kinetics of GO/ETS-10 was best fitted to the pseudo- second order model revealing that the chemisorption was dominant throughout the adsorption process. Considering the nature of GO/ETS-10 that is composed from less harmful elements, it has good potential in the environment remediation, such as water and air purification, with a good selectivity towards cationic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the long-range ionic conductivity of the microporous, titanosilicate (Na,K)-ETS-10 and ion-exchanged M n + -ETS-10 (where, M n + = Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ ) thin films prepared by secondary growth method. To figure out the effect of grain boundary on ionic conduction, as-synthesized (Na,K)-ETS-10 films possessing different thicknesses of columnar grain structure (i.e., films prepared via 4h-, 6h-, 8h-, and 10h-growth) were tested. The conductivities of the films with different thicknesses at 723 K were in the range of ∼10 −3 Ω −1 cm −1 . However, activation energies of the films decreased from 52.8 to 47.3 kJ mol −1 (i.e., 0.6 to 0.5 eV) for 4h-(Na,K)-ETS-10 to 10h-(Na,K)-ETS-10 films, respectively. The as-synthesized (Na,K)-ETS-10 film prepared via 6h-growth (denoted as (Na,K)-6h-ETS-10) and monovalent cation-exchanged samples Li- and Na-6h-ETS-10 films exhibit conductivities of 2.1 × 10 −3 , 2.4 × 10 −4 , and 2.7 × 10 −4 Ω −1 cm −1 , respectively, at 723 K and activation energies of 50.1, 55.5, and 55.4 kJ mol −1 , respectively, in the temperature range 573–773 K. Divalent cation-exchanged samples Mg-, Zn- and Ca-6h-ETS-10 films exhibit conductivities of 2.3 × 10 −4 , 2.9 × 10 −4 , and 8.8 × 10 −5 Ω −1 cm −1 , respectively, at 723 K and activation energies of 62.5, 57.9, and 65.2 kJ mol −1 , respectively, in the temperature range 573–773 K. The data shown here indicate that ionic conductivity of intergrown (Na,K)-ETS-10 films prepared by secondary growth method were significantly enhanced with respect to pressed pellets of powder zeolite and zeo-type materials which imply the importance of engineering the microstructure of the zeolite film to improve the conductivity of zeolites and zeo-type materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engelhard Titanosilicate molecular sieve, ETS-10, has unique selectivity and adsorption capacity for gas separation. Microwave heating was found to be a more efficient technique for regeneration of ETS-10 compared to conventional temperature swing regeneration. However, microwave regeneration of ETS-10 can be further improved by modifying its dielectric properties. This research investigated the effect of ion exchange of ETS-10 on its dielectric, adsorption and microwave regeneration properties. Monovalent and divalent cations (Li + , K + , Ca 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Ba 2+ ) were used for ion exchanging ETS-10. The analysis of ion-exchanged samples showed a decrease in their dielectric properties, resulting in decreased microwave absorbance during regeneration. However, increasing the water adsorption capacity and decreasing the dielectric properties of the adsorbent resulted in up to 27% increase of ETS-10 regeneration efficiency, suggesting that adsorbate heating is more effective than adsorbent heating when desorbing polar adsorbates. Among the ion exchanged samples, Li-ETS-10 is the most suitable candidate for microwave regeneration when loaded with polar adsorbate, based on adsorption capacity, desorption efficiency, and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three titanosilicate zeolites were used as fillers for Mixed Matrix Membranes: (i) ETS-10, (ii) TS-1 having Si/Ti=100 and (iii) TS-1 using Si/Ti=25. Zeolite samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and CO 2 and CH 4 adsorption isotherms. TS-1 particles showed a narrow size distribution ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm. In the case of ETS-10, the size distribution was broader ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm. Mixed Matrix Membranes were prepared using Matrimid® polyimide as continuous phase and filler loadings of 10, 20, and 30 wt%. Membranes were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The performances was measured at 8 bars of transmembrane pressure for CO 2 /CH 4 mixed gases system at 50/50 vol/vol. concentration. Membranes using TS-1 (Si/Ti=25) as filler showed a maximum increase of 89.1% of CO 2 permeability and 23.9% increase in separation factor. In the case of TS-1 (Si/Ti=100) only permeability increased significantly, with a maximum increase of 90.1%. Regarding the ETS-10 membranes, both permeability and separation factor increased slightly with respect to the reference polymeric membrane (22.5% in CO 2 permeability and 7.8% in the separation factor). In conclusion, TS-1 (Si/Ti=25) is the most suitable filler for the use in Mixed Matrix Membranes for gas separation applications among the titanosilicate studied in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this project was to study the treatment of industrial waste using ETS-10 zeolite. The pollutants that must be removed were metals sourced from zinc ferrite, a processing waste derived from the use of mineral-containing zinc. The first phase of the work involved the characterization of the industrial waste, zinc ferrite, in order to deepen the knowledge regarding its nature and composition. The second phase involved the removal of the metals released by the zinc ferrite in aqueous systems using the ETS-10 phase as an ion exchanger. Different chemical and physical techniques were used: plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microanalysis, and thermal analyses. A comparison between ETS-10 and commercial zeolite A performance, in the same aqueous systems, was carried out. The results showed that the metal removal efficiency of ETS-10 phase is higher than that obtained by commercial zeolite A, especially towards dangerous heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Mn.

In this paper we prepare bimetallic Pt-CoOx nanoparticles which are further supported in microporous titanosilicate ETS-10. This support has been previously demonstrated as a good candidate for this reaction in the presence of CO 2 and H 2 O. The bimetallic nanoparticles and the supported catalysts containing different loadings of nanoparticles have been extensively characterized and tested in the PROX reaction. The characterization of the nanoparticles discarded the formation of a metallic alloy, although Co and Pt are intimately in contact in the nanoparticle as the HAADF-STEM images revealed. XPS confirmed that the calcined nanoparticles would consist of metallic platinum and cobalt and Pt oxides. The catalyst containing 1.4 wt.% of PtCo nanoparticles can achieve complete CO conversion in the temperature range 120–150 °C working at WHSV = 30 L h −1 g −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing interest in developing deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts to obtain higher activity. This study provides an investigation of influence of surface-Ti-rich-ETS-10 (AT-ETS) on the performance of NiW-based catalyst (NiW-AT-ETS/Al 2 O 3 ) using NiW-ETS-origin/Al 2 O 3 as the reference. The HDS performance of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) as model sulfur compounds were tested in fixed reactor. NiW-AT-ETS/Al 2 O 3 containing surface-Ti-rich-ETS-10 lowered H 2 reduction temperature compared to NiW-ETS-origin/Al 2 O 3 . NiW-AT-ETS/Al 2 O 3 had higher WS 2 stacking numbers and shorter slab length though they showed similar sulfidation degree. Higher HDS performance was obtained over NiW-AT-ETS/Al 2 O 3 due to higher WS 2 slab layers in contrast to NiW-ETS-origin/Al 2 O 3 . The advantage of NiW-AT-ETS/Al 2 O 3 for 4,6-DMDBT removal may be also related to easy accessibility of active sites on the catalyst surface as a result of the higher dispersion compared to NiW-ETS-origin/Al 2 O 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ETS-10 and ETS-4 microporous materials were synthesized in presence of tetralkylammonium (TAA) ions from gels of molar composition w NaO-0.10 TAABr-1 SiO-z TiO-0.6 KF-1.28 w HCl-39.5 HO with TAA = tetramethyl-, tetraethyl-, tetrapropyl- and tetrabutyl-ammonium in hydrothermal conditions at 190 °C. The TAA ions enter the microporous channel of ETS-10, while they cannot penetrate the void spaces of ETS-4. The ETS-10 microcrystals are all cubic, while the ETS-4 crystals are laminar and irregular. The microporous volume of ETS-10 is equal to 0.11-0.13 cm g, the microporous volume of ETS-4 is very small, 0.002-0.008 cm g. The ion exchange of Cs, Cd, Pb and Hg ions using their corresponding nitrates show kinetic effects, i.e. the efficiency of ion exchange is higher at 1 than 2 h, the thermodynamic equilibrium. For ETS-10, partially dehydrated cations intervene in the ion exchange, while for ETS-4 well dehydrated ions can only penetrate the available pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ETS-10 supported hollow carbon nanostructured polyhedron adsorbent, C@ETS-10, was synthesized by wet impregnation method to evaluate removal of iodine from off-gas stream from a used nuclear fuel reprocessing operation. The characteristics of the adsorbent were investigated by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), revealing uniform hollow carbon nanostructured polyhedrons with particle size 10–30 nm supported onto ETS-10. The total BET surface area of 10 wt% C@ETS-10 adsorbent was 149 m 2 g −1 . The performance of C@ETS-10 nanostructured adsorbent for capture of volatile iodine from gas stream was determined as a function of parameters such as the carbon loading, operating temperatures and empty bed contact time (EBCT). Observed sorption capacity of adsorbent was 28.9 mg g −1 of volatile iodine at 20 °C without any chemical reaction with sorbent. The maximum dynamic capacity of a column of 10 wt% C@ETS-10 was calculated to be 40 mg g −1 . The nanostructured adsorbent has potential to capture environmental impact of radionuclide off-gas emission from nuclear industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow carbon nano-polyhedrons (HCNPHs) supported on Engelhard Titanosilicate-10 (ETS-10) were synthesized by wet impregnation technique using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. Synthesized HCNPHs/ETS-10 nanosorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, N-adsorption-desorption isotherm, BET surface area, and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the morphology and uniformity of carbon particles ranging from 50 to 70 nm in diameter. Sorption characteristics of this nanosorbent for krypton at various carbon loadings were determined using a bench-scale column apparatus. The dynamic sorption capacity of HCNPHs/ETS-10 nanosorbent calculated from the breakthrough curve, 0.75 mmol/kg, which was ~15 % higher than for that of activated carbon. The effect of temperature on the adsorption capacity was studied between 263-293 K. Operational capacity of the nanosorbent was found to be 0.45 mmol/kg at 263 K. The experimental results indicate that 10 wt% HCNPHs/ETS-10 nanosorbent showed promising results for krypton adsorption, indicating its potential as an economical and active sorbent for krypton removal from the off-gas streams resulting from operations for recycle of used nuclear fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the well-known adsorption properties of titanosilicates (ETS-4 and ETS-10) and aluminotitanosilicates (ETAS-4 and ETAS-10), it was considered particularly interesting to investigate their efficiency in adsorbing ammonia from a gaseous phase. Prior to testing their adsorption capacity, materials thus synthesized have been analyzed by appropriate characterization techniques. Afterward, the adsorption capacity of microporous materials toward ammonia has been evaluated by measuring the corresponding adsorption isotherms through batch experiments. Experimental measurements were best fitted by a linear constant relationship. From the experimental results, high adsorption capacity values were found for all microporous materials in correspondence of high gaseous ammonia concentration values. In particular, ETAS-10 attained the maximum value of adsorption potential, equal to 7.647 mg of NH per g of material. This was likely due to the presence of the acid site linked to the Al atom in its structure with respect to the ETS structure. In addition to that the greater pore size characterizing the phase 10 compared to phase 4 might have entailed a more selective sorption of ammonia molecule. Overall, both titanosilicates and aluminotitanosilicates showed a great adsorption potential toward ammonia. However, materials achieved their maximum capacity at high pollutant loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proposal for the differences in the adsorption characteristic for ETS-10 is created by contrasting the adsorption properties of as-synthesized ETS-10 with 13X and highly siliceous ZSM-5. ETS-10 is a unique structure type in that the walls of the channels where adsorption takes place are made entirely of silica, while the chains of titania octahedra in the structure impart a negative charge that is offset by exchangeable cations; a portion of which intrude into the channels. To determine whether adsorption on Na-ETS-10 is driven predominately by cationic or van der Waals effects, the adsorption affinity for several gases was measured on all three adsorbents. The adsorption mechanism was probed by using the isotherms to calculate the enthalpy and entropy of adsorption as a function of loading and by contrasting the behaviour of ETS-10 against both 13X and highly siliceous ZSM-5. The results of the analysis indicate that ETS-10 has, simultaneously, a high affinity for molecules both with and without strong quadrupole moments. This behaviour is believed to result from a sparse number of highly deshielded cations that exist in the otherwise non-polar channels. This bi-functional nature is borne out of the crystal structure of ETS-10 where the cations are located in discrete bands within the unit cell rather than being uniformly distributed throughout the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of lanthanum on ETS-10 titanosilicate and its influence on the catalytic activity of Ru catalysts for the dry reforming of methane reaction were studied. The catalysts were prepared through ion exchange of ETS-10 using different lanthanum solution concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt% of La 2 O 3 ). The Ru loading was 0.6 wt% for all catalysts. The methane reaction rates for Ru/LaETS-10 catalysts showed an increase in comparison with Ru/ETS-10. This could be related to the lanthanum participation in the reaction mechanism. Moreover, all the formulations were stable after 70 h on stream. In order to study the effect of lanthanum exchange in the structure of ETS-10 supports, the solids were characterized by BET, XRD, TEM, FTIR XPS, and laser Raman spectroscopy. The relative crystallinities were lower than 80%, indicating that the La exchange could have an important effect on the crystalline structure of ETS-10, in agreement with Raman and FTIR results. The surface Ru/Ti ratio determined by XPS was higher in the case of Ru/LaETS-10 synthesized with the highest La concentration in the exchange solution. The Na/Ti ratio, measured by XPS and EDX, was lower for the Ru/LaETS-10 catalysts compared with ETS-10 suggesting that La was exchanged in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrocenium ions, [Fc] + , have been immobilised in the microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 by ion exchange of Na + /K + ions under hydrothermal conditions. The resultant hybrid inorganic-organometallic (ETS-10/[Fc] + ) material was characterised by elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The ETS-10/[Fc] + sample was tested as a catalyst for the isomerisation of α-pinene oxide (PinOx) at 35 °C. With α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (TFT) as solvent, campholenic aldehyde (CPA) was the main product formed in 38% yield at 100% conversion and 30 min reaction. Other reaction products included trans -carveol, iso -pinocamphone and trans -pinocarveol. The same PinOx conversion and CPA yield could be reached within 1 min reaction time by increasing the reaction temperature (to 55 °C) and the Fe:PinOx molar ratio. Other solvents (hexane, CH 3 CN, toluene) led to poorer results than TFT. Characterisation of the used catalyst, together with an analysis of the catalytic activity of the liquid phase obtained after contact of ETS-10/[Fc] + with TFT, indicated that the ETS-10/[Fc] + sample was resistant toward leaching of iron-containing active species. When the recovered solid was reused in a second batch run, catalytic activity was lower than in the first run, while selectivity to CPA was higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An array comprising four Si $\mu $ -cantilevers coated with nanoporous functionalized ETS-10 crystals sub-micrometric in size has been developed as a multisensing platform for explosives recognition in vapor phase. The detection capabilities of the proposed device have been tested for common taggants [such as 1-methyl-2-nitro-benzene (o-MNT)] and explosives (commercial detonation cord, a plastic tube filled with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN); and C-4, a mixture of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), binders and plastifiers). The general strategy for the detection of explosives in vapor phase is based on the characteristic fingerprint each one produces as a result of the dissimilar chemical interactions between the ETS-10 coated $\mu $ -cantilevers and the target molecules emanating from the explosives and swept by ambient air. A portable lock-in amplifier has been implemented to exploit the truly benefits of the array in terms of portability, reduced size, and energy consumption. Such low-power electronic interface is capable of creating the excitation signal as well as obtaining the response values of four resonating $\mu $ -cantilevers simultaneously. The resulting sensing platform has successfully been applied for the o-MNT, PETN, and RDX detection at trace level. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

High demand for economically viable separation processes such as adsorptive separation for mixtures of hydrocarbons drives the need for understanding the interaction of hydrocarbons with titanosilicate adsorbents, to replace the energy-intensive cryogenic hydrocarbon separation. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to optimize the geometries and calculate the enthalpies for the interactions between paraffins (C2H6, C3H8), olefins (C2H4, C3H6), and acetylenes (C2H2, C3H4) with a cluster model of the Engelhard titanosilicate having sodium extra-framework cations (Na-ETS-10). The DFT calculations were performed with the M06-L exchange correlation functional and were corrected for the basis set superposition error with the counterpoise method. The calculated enthalpies for the interaction of hydrocarbons with Na-ETS-10 decrease with the decrease in the number of carbon atoms, in the order acetylenes > olefins > paraffins, and compare well with experimental data available in the literature. The enthalpies calculated at the M06-L/6-31++G** level of theory for the two extreme cases, i.e., strongest and weakest interactions, are −62.8 kJ mol−1 (C3H4) and −26.9 kJ mol−1 (C2H6). Additionally, the calculated vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the characteristic vibrational modes of ETS-10 and of the interactions of hydrocarbons with Na+ in the 12-membered channel in ETS-10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium silicate EVS-10 is analogous to ETS-10 except that vanadium completely substitutes for titanium in the structure. This study compares the structural and adsorptive characteristics of EVS-10 with ETS-10. The structures were characterized by powder XRD, EDX, argon physisorption, and SEM/TEM. The Henry law constants and heats of adsorption were calculated for both adsorbents from low pressure adsorption data using CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , N 2 , O 2 , and CO 2 for pressures up to 100 kPa and temperatures of 303, 323, and 343 K. The adsorption data were fit using Langmuir, Toth, and Redlich–Peterson isotherms. The best model was selected based on the quality of fit to the data and how closely the model predicted the saturation concentration compared to the value calculated from the measured pore volume data. The structural properties for EVS-10 are almost indistinguishable from ETS-10. The adsorption data reflects this similarity in that both adsorbents have similar heats of adsorption and selectivities for a wide range of gases. These results suggest that heteroatom substitution in ETS-10 does not necessarily affect its adsorption properties if the framework dimensions and composition remain similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium(II) is a toxic hazardous cation, whose presence in the environment causes great concern because of its bioaccumulation in organisms and bioamplification along food chain. Hence, the removal of cadmium compounds from industrial waters and wastewaters is particularly essential, which requires intensive experimental and modelling studies to deal with the problem. In this work, the ion exchange of Cd ions from aqueous solution using microporous titanosilicates (ETS-4 and ETS-10) has been modelled using adapted Maxwell-Stefan equations for the ions transport inside the sorbent particles. The fundamentals of the Maxwell-Stefan equations along with correlations for the convective mass transfer coefficients have been used with advantage to reduce the number of model parameters. In the whole, the model was able to represent successfully the kinetic behaviour of 11 independent and very distinct curves of both studied systems (Cd/Na/ETS-4 and Cd/Na/ETS-10). The predictive capability of the model has been also shown, since several uptake curves were accurately predicted with parameters fitted previously to different sets of experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partially reversible photochromic behavior of Ag 0 nanoparticle incorporated titanosilicate ETS-10 films was achieved for the first time. Ag + ions were incorporated into ETS-10 matrix by ion-exchange of extra framework cations (i.e., Na + and K + ) to form Ag + ion-exchanged ETS-10. The colored (i.e., activated state) and colorless (i.e., bleached state) forms of the photochromic system of Ag 0 nanoparticle incorporated ETS-10 films were achieved through thermal reduction and exposure to visible laser at 532 nm wavelength, respectively. The resulting Ag 0 -ETS-10 films and also Ag + -ETS-10 crystals have been characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, UV-vis spectroscopies. Partial restoration of color was achieved after second thermal treatment, which implies reversibility of the photochromic process. Furthermore, Density Functional Theory (DFT) results showed that ETS-10 had robust geometry and incorporation of the silver nanoparticles had minimal effect on the structure. The relationship of ETS-10's unique structural formation along with the integration of Ag 0 nanoparticles within its matrix and its subsequent photochromic property was shown for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan (CS) and microporous titanosilicate ETS-10/CS mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared. The pervaporation performance was tested on the water-ethanol mixtures in the range 85–96 wt.% ethanol. The permeate flux increased from 0.45 to 0.55 kg m−2h−1at 50°C for the ETS-10/CS MMM with respect to the pure CS membranes. Characterization by SEM and TEM, XRD, DSC, and TGA allowed inferring an intimate contact between the dispersed ETS-10 and the continuous chitosan phase. The 5 wt.% loading of titanosilicate scarcely decreased the hydrophilic character of the mixed matrix membrane but increased the molecular sieving effect on the transport and separation properties, thus affecting the membrane behavior on pervaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] H2O, CO2, N2, H2, CH4 interact with Na+ in the 12-membered channels. [•] Strongest and weakest interactions are −60.6kJ/mol (H2O) and −12.2kJ/mol (H2). [•] Different exchange–correlation functionals and all-electron basis sets were used. [•] M06-L approach and 2Ti model are suitable to study gas adsorption in ETS-10. [•] Very good agreement between calculated and available experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] ETS-10 desiccants were compared to zeolite (4A) and silica gel for drying wet CO2. [•] ETS-10 desiccants can be effectively regenerated at 70°C using untreated humid air. [•] ETS-10 desiccants may dry wet CO2 to a −40°C dewpoint potentially using waste heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] 99+% oxygen yield was increased by 35% using high density Ag-ETS-10 adsorbent. [•] High density Ag-ETS-10 was synthesized using a new synthesis method. [•] Recovery rate of O2 was increased to 40% by Ag-ETS-10 with enhanced bed density. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the last years the interest in new synthetic and natural titanosilicates has increased. Due to the tunable pore diameter and other distinct characteristics, these materials can be utilized for commercially important separations of gas mixtures of similar size molecules, catalysts and removal of radioactive elements from nuclear waste. However, from the point of view of industrial synthesis, scale-up complicated technology and high cost of the agents are limiting factors, hence it is of interest to research new materials to replace expensive pure titanium precursors and stimulate studies to develop an efficient technology. The results of synthesis of the new nanoporous titanosilicates using cost efficient ammonium oxysulphotitanate are presented. By carefully selecting the titanium sources and synthesis parameters, it is possible to obtain titanosilicate NaK(Ti(OH)(SiO) analogue of the mineral pharmacosiderite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High purity microporous vanadosilicate (EVS-10/AM-6) has been hydrothermally synthesised by a simple template-free, reducing agent-free method in the absence of titanosilicate ETS-10 seeds. Direct comparison between EVS-10 and ETS-10 showed successful isomorphous substitution of titanium with vanadium in the framework. The existence of vanadium is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The scan electron microscopy and the X-ray diffractometry show similar crystal morphology and similar molecular structure between the as-synthesised material and the ETS-10. Preliminary results indicate a similar internal surface area to ETS-10. Similar to ETS-10, EVS-10 may be useful for semiconductor and other electronic applications. This new simplified synthesis method may allow the economical production of EVS-10/AM-6 for quantum wire and other applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A series of Eu-incorporated ETS-10 samples were successfully prepared based on the traditional ion exchange method. The relationship between photogenerated charge behaviors and luminescent properties has been investigated in detail. It has been demonstrated that as a result of the charge transfer from the titanate quantum wires to Eu crystal field states, the host matrix ETS-10 functions as the sensitizer of Eu to enhance the red luminescence, while Eu cations contribute to the recombination of photogenerated charges. The behavior of photogenerated charges has significant impact on the luminescent properties of Eu-incorporated ETS-10 materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Silver(0) nanoparticles stabilized by titanosilicate (ETS-10) framework were synthesized by following a simple two step procedure involving the incorporation of silver(I) (Ag+) ions into ETS-10 matrix via ion-exchange with extra framework Na+ and K+ cations followed by their reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in aqueous medium all at room temperature. Silver(0) nanoparticles dispersed in the ETS-10 matrix were collected as gray powders and characterized by using advanced analytical methods including ICP-OES, P-XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, DR-UV–vis, Raman spectroscopies and N2 adsorption–desorption technique. Overall result shows the formation of silver(0) nanoparticles dispersed within the framework of ETS-10 without causing alteration in ETS-10 lattice and mesopore formation. The changes in the local titanate (TiO3 2−) structure of ETS-10 resulting from the incorporation of silver(I) ions and formation of silver(0) nanoparticles within the titanosilicate (xTiO2 (1− x)SiO2) framework were extensively studied on silver(I)-exchanged and silver(0) nanoparticles containing samples, separately. Although maintaining of structural integrity of host material had been monitored for silver(I)-ETS-10, detailed Raman analyses of silver(0)-ETS-10 samples showed significant changes in the titanate quantum wires of ETS-10 framework depending on the silver loading. Total collapse of these units was observed in the silver(0)-ETS-10 samples with high silver loading (15wt.% silver(I)). Moreover, the catalytic application of silver(0)-ETS-10 was demonstrated in the aerobic oxidation of diphenyl carbinol to benzophenone, which showed that silver(0)-ETS-10 is a highly active and selective catalyst in this reaction. Additionally, they were found to be highly stable catalyst for this transformation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Supported ruthenium catalysts have been shown to be effective for the dry reforming of methane. Besides, ETS-10 titanosilicate has properties able to disperse Ru species. In this work, microporous ETS-10 titanosilicate was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis employing anatase as Ti source. Ru was incorporated using three different methods: by incipient wetness impregnation (RuH), by ion exchange (RuI) and by adding Ru to the gel synthesis (RuG). The species present in the solids were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, ICP, SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA, TPR, UV–vis and XPS. RuH and RuI catalysts were found to be active and stable for the dry reforming of methane. These results show the potential application of ETS-10 as support of Ru catalysts for the production of hydrogen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: ETS-4 and ETS-10 titanosilicates were prepared from fly ash and anatase, as silica and titanium sources respectively, via a hydrothermal procedure for the first time. The fusion of fly ash by alkali was carried out at a relatively low temperature and the use potassium fluoride salt was avoided in the synthesis of ETS. The by-product of this process is mainly NaCl, which is a useful source material for industry. The energy efficiency and yield of the synthesis process was improved by directly recycling the final filtrate after recovering the product viz ETS-4. All the ETS materials were characterized in terms of structural morphology, thermal stability and surface/pore properties. The properties of ETS-4 prepared from fly ash by the filtrate recycling method were comparable to that from commercial sources. The results show that ETS type materials can be prepared from cheaper resources, with good purity, comparable physico-chemical properties as well as excellent adsorption properties with lower environmental impact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The surface titanium (Ti) and aluminium (Al) rich ETS-10 was obtained by sequential processes of desilication and realumination. Combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis confirmed that a part of silicon (Si) atoms in the framework of ETS-10 were removed via desilication which resulted in the enrichment of Ti atoms in ETS-10. The bulk Si/Ti atom ratio was decreased from 4.6 to 4.2, and the surface Si/Ti atom ratio was decreased from 9.1 to 5.5. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis showed that the porosity of ETS-10 was improved along with the desilication process, and the most remarkable improvement was that the mesoporous volume was increased from 0.022cm3/g to 0.085cm3/g. The improved porosity facilitated the incorporation of Al atoms by supplying additional space, and with the processing of realumination to ETS-10, the bulk phase Al/Ti atom ratio reached to 0.4 and the surface phase Al/Ti atom ratio reached to 1.9. The results of 27Al MAS NMR pointed out that the majority of the Al atoms introduced to ETS-10 were tetrahedrally coordinated and thus generating bridging hydroxyl groups of Si–(OH)–Al sites for zeolite-type acidity. The acidity of ETS-10 was improved after realumination, which was concluded by the combined ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and pyridine (Py) adsorption performed via FT-IR analysis. The strong Brönsted and Lewis acid sites were increased together. Cumene cracking reaction was employed to test the acidity properties of Al-containing ETS-10, and the cumene conversion increased by 18% at 673K compared with the as-synthesized ETS-10. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]