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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Nutrição e Esportiva is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pati lebih mudah dikonversi menjadi gula sederhana dan difermentasi menjadi etanol. Untuk meningkatkan produktifitas etanol dikembangkan metode fermentasi gravitasi tinggi. Pohon sagu merupakan tanaman penghasil pati yang tidak berkompetisi dengan tanaman pangan, namun pengolahan secara konvensional berdampak negatif pada lingkungan. Alternatif teknologi pengolahan sagu untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan adalah fraksinasi kering, dan karakteristik produknya cocok digunakan sebagai bahan baku etanol. Analisa efektifitas fraksinasi kering untuk pengolahan empulur sagu dan pemanfaatan produk untuk etanol belum pernah dipublikasikan, maka analisa efektifitas fraksinasi kering dilakukan berdasarkan perbedaan bagian batang secara vertikal dan penentuan kondisi optimum proses produksi etanol menggunakan tepung kaya pati sagu. Rendeman, efisiensi pemisahan pati, peningkatan kadar pati dan perpindahan pati merupakan variabel pengamatan yang digunakan pada analisa efektifitas fraksinasi kering. Tepung kaya pati dari hasil fraksinasi kering dari masing-masing kelompok bagian batang dicampur dengan komposisi yang seragam dan digunakan sebagai media fermentasi. Rancangan percobaan one factor at a time (OFAT) digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel pengujian pada response yang optimal, dan dilakukan verifikasi pengujian. Distribusi ukuran granula pati, kandungan pati dan karakteristik serat parenkima dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas fraksinasi kering empulur sagu. Produktifitas etanol menunjukkan hasil yang optimum pada suhu liquifikasi 80oC selama 60 menit, menggunakan metoda sakarifikasi dan fermentasi simultan (SSF), pada kondisi gravitasi tinggi dengan menggunakan yeast berflokukasi mandiri. Penerapan teknologi fraksinasi kering untuk mendapatkan bahan baku etanol dari pohon sagu berpotensi meningkatkan nilai tambah budi daya tanaman sagu dan nilai ekonomi etanol agar lebih kompetitif.

Copyright of Indonesian Archipelago Journal of Animal Science (IAJAS) / Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara (JPN) is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Dental Journal is the property of Selcuk Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Mecmuasi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo no mercado de combustíveis, com uma queda temporária na demanda durante o período de isolamento social, seguida por um aumento nas emissões com a retomada da atividade econômica. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o impacto da pandemia no setor de biocombustíveis, com foco no etanol. A metodologia utilizada será uma revisão bibliográfica, com a análise de documentos e relatórios relevantes. As conclusões ressaltam a importância de políticas públicas para impulsionar uma descarbonização em larga escala e uma retomada sustentável das atividades do setor.

El consumo de alcohol se encuentra dentro de las primeras cinco sustancias con mayor riesgo asociado con enfermedades, discapacidad y muerte en el mundo. El comportamiento ansioso se ha relacionado con la conducta adictiva al alcohol. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar tres cepas con conductas de ansiedad diferenciales: una cepa normal; una cepa “Reactiva”, con aumento de conductas ansiosas; y una cepa “No-Reactiva”, con menor comportamiento ansioso, antes y después del protocolo de consumo voluntario de etanol (10%). Para evaluar la ansiedad, los animales fueron expuestos al laberinto en cruz elevado 24 h antes y después del protocolo de consumo. En el protocolo de consumo voluntario de etanol, los animales fueron expuestos a una botella de agua y a una de etanol. Se registró el peso del líquido consumido durante 40 días. Resultados: todas las cepas aumentaron el consumo de alcohol vs agua: General: día 8; R: día 10; NR: día 31. El consumo de etanol redujo el número y el porcentaje de entradas de brazos abiertos solo en la cepa General. Conclusión: los niveles de ansiedad pueden predisponer a un aumento del consumo de etanol y mantenimiento de comportamientos relacionados con la ansiedad.

RESUMO O programa de biocombustível foi iniciado em 1975 e aprimorado bastante em 1979/81 como uma reação aos aumentos de preços do petróleo e às quedas simultâneas de açúcar. Ele nunca se tornou economicamente viável, mas sempre deve sua existência ao apoio estatal que, por sua vez, foi justificado pelos poderosos interesses do açúcar. Como apenas os motores Otto (e não o diesel) podem ser movidos a álcool, o tráfego de automóveis de passageiros com seu conhecido desperdício de energia acaba sendo altamente subsidiado no Brasil, apesar da grave escassez geral de energia no país. As perspectivas futuras para o biocombustível são geralmente sombrias, pois mesmo com o aumento acentuado dos preços do petróleo, a energia na forma de alimentos deve ser mais cara que a energia para aquecimento e transporte, de modo que carvão e madeira minerais são candidatos muito mais prováveis como fontes de combustível do que a cana-de-açúcar e óleos comestíveis, quando a era do petróleo chegar ao fim.

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the impact of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on binge ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation in rats. Material and Method: To examine the potential protective effect of DMF against EtOH-induced hepatic damage, rats were divided into four groups control, DMF, EtOH, and DMF+EtOH. Rats were administered EtOH (4.5 g/kg orally, 3 doses with 12-h intervals). DMF (30 mg/kg; gavage) was applied to rats one hour before each application of EtOH in the DMF+EtOH group. Serum markers of liver damage, triglyceride (TG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lipid and protein oxidation products, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and antioxidant enzymes together with histopathological examinations were performed in liver tissue. Protein expressions associated with antioxidant mechanism (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1; HO-1), lipid metabolism (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; SREBP-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha; PPAR-α), oxidative stress (cytochrome P4502E1; CYP2E1), and inflammation (nuclear factor-kappa B; NF-κB) were also investigated in the rats’ livers. Result: DMF reduced elevated levels of serum markers of liver damage and hepatic TG, TNF-α and reactive oxygen species levels, lipid and protein oxidation products, and MPO activity together with the alleviation of histopathological lesions in EtOH-treated rats. Increased Nrf2 and HO-1 and decreased SREBP-1c and CYP2E1 expressions were also detected in the DMF+EtOH group compared with the EtOH group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that DMF may provide a protective effect against EtOH-induced hepatic lesions. These outcomes may be linked to the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipogenic potential of DMF-induced Nrf2 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol consumption is among the first five substances with higher risk associated with diseases, disability, and death in the world. Anxiety behavior has been linked to ethanol-addictive conduct. The aim of the present study was to evaluate three strains with differential anxiety behavior: a Wild-type strain; a “Reactive” strain, with an increase in anxiety-related behaviors; and a “Non-Reactive” strain, with lower anxiety-related behaviors, before and after the voluntary consumption of ethanol (10%) protocol. To evaluate anxiety, animals were exposed to the elevated plus-maze 24 h before and after the consumption protocol. On the voluntary consumption of ethanol protocol, the animals were exposed to a water and an ethanol bottle. The weight of the liquid consumed daily for 40 days was registered. Results: all strains increased ethanol vs water consumption: Wild-type: day 8; R: day 10; NR: day 31. Ethanol consumption reduced the number and percentage of open arms entries only on the Wild-type strain. Conclusion: anxiety can predispose to an increase in ethanol consumption and to the maintenance of anxiety-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agriculture / Poljoprivreda is the property of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Destacando-se como o principal produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar e líder em volume de produção e exportação de açúcar, o Brasil desempenha papel central na fabricação de etanol e na geração de biomassa. Apesar da relevância do setor, poucos estudos se dedicaram a avaliar a eficiência técnica e os determinantes socioeconômicos da produção agrícola de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Diante da importância econômica da atividade e dessa lacuna na literatura, o objetivo deste estudo foi calcular a eficiência técnica da produção de cana-de-açúcar, utilizando o método de análise envoltória de dados (data envelopment analysis – DEA) para uma amostra de municípios nos estados de São Paulo, Goiás, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso, por meio de dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2017 e da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis. Adicionalmente, um modelo Tobit foi empregado para identificar as variáveis socioeconômicas que afetam a eficiência produtiva da cana-de-açúcar nesses estados. Os resultados apontaram que as mesorregiões de Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto, em São Paulo, e Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, em Minas Gerais, apresentaram as maiores eficiências de produção nos municípios. Além disso, os resultados do modelo Tobit indicaram que as variáveis socioeconômicas mais relevantes para os estados analisados foram a presença ou não de usinas no município e a mesorregião à qual o município pertence

Penggerek buah kopi (PBKo) (Hypothenemus hampei) adalah hama utama dan dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi besar dan penurunan kualitas buah kopi yang signifikan. Upaya menekan populasi hama ini dibutuhkan pengendalian efektif, salah satunya penggunaan senyawa semiokimia berupa etanol dan metanol melalui perangkap botol yang digantung di ranting tanaman kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas komposisi rasio perbandingan etanol dan metanol yang efektif dalammenarik hama PBKo. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) selama delapan minggu dan variabel pengamatan berupa populasi PBKo yang terperangkap selama satu minggu, intensitas buah kopi yang terserang PBKo, dan serangga lain yang terperangkap. Perlakuan etanol dan metanol 3:2 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menangkap hama PBKo yaitu sebanyak 402 imago. Intensitas serangan hama PBKo menunjukkan penurunan intensitas serangan yang signifikan setelah pemasangan perangkap botol dengan kategori awal serangan sedang hingga sangat ringan.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a implementação da venda direta do eta-nol no Brasil, iniciada pela Medida Provisória (MP) nº 1.063/2021 e publicada como Lei nº 14.292/2022, tornando possível a comercialização direta do etanol entre as usinas e os postos de combustíveis. Por meio de uma análise discursiva, este trabalho foca a comercialização nacional do etanol, antes da implementação da MP, destacando a venda direta como possível atenuante do preço final, bem como as posições das entidades públicas referentes ao setor. Conclui-se que a medida deve ensejar melhorias na cobrança dos impostos estaduais. Contudo, problemas relacionados à distância entre os postos e as usinas são fatores limitan-tes para essa comercialização, nesse primeiro momento, em função do processo de estocagem de grandes quantidades.

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade da produção de etanol de segunda geração a partir da celulose contida no coco verde. Para fazê-lo, tópicos como inibidores de fermentação, o próprio processo fermentativo e a análise da metodologia de hidrólise ácida são discutidos. Dessa forma, um estudo sobre quão viável seria produzir um biocombustível utilizando o mesocarpo do coco verde como fonte foi realizado, concluindo que teoricamente o rendimento de etanol do coco verde é inferior ao do bagaço de cana, porém, em aspectos sustentáveis e ambientais, é considerável realizá-lo. O consumo de coco gera resíduos tanto industriais como em regiões litorâneas, e pouco se discute maneiras de reaproveitamento desses resíduos. A produção de biocombustíveis, especificamente do etanol de segunda geração, traz uma solução para esse problema. Os aspectos químicos referentes ao reaproveitamento do coco verde são ainda pouco difundidos, sendo comum a utilização da cana-de-açúcar, contudo, o rendimento da utilização do coco verde pode ampliar a produção de biocombustíveis e revolucionar a indústria com a utilização dessa nova matriz.

A trajetória da agroindústria canavieira brasileira revela períodos de expansão e contração, o que têm importância significativa para o setor. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir os principais aspectos da evolução canavieira desde o período colonial até 2022, à guisa de uma revisão de literatura. Busca-se compreender como os paradigmas enfrentados se manifestaram ao longo das mudanças históricas. Como corolário, houve um período marcado por um forte intervencionismo estatal nessa atividade, desde os tempos do Brasil Colônia até 1990 (com a extinção do Instituto do Açúcar e do Álcool). A partir daí, sobreveio um período de desregulamentação, embora ainda influenciada por políticas governamentais pontuais. Com isso, o cenário em que as crises setoriais não afetaram significativamente os players, devido à existência de um paradigma subvencionista patrocinado pelo Estado, deu lugar a um ambiente em que essas crises resultaram na insolvência ou encerramento de algumas usinas e destilarias. Nesse contexto, as unidades produtivas, que optaram pelo maior desenvolvimento tecnológico e de gestão de seus empreendimentos, tanto no âmbito agrícola como no industrial, demarcaram uma dinâmica diferenciada no processo de concorrência, permitindo-lhes manter uma certa vantagem competitiva. Enquanto outras que não acompanharam esse paradigma tecnológico ficaram em desvantagem.

O presente artigo foca na evolução comparativa da atividade canavieira via censos agropecuários de Alagoas, Pernambuco e São Paulo. Examina a relocalização do setor sucronergético e suas microrregiões selecionadas nos três estados e a passagem da transição das etapas da criação e consolidação do Instituto do açúcar e do álcool (1933-1960), Proálcool (1975-1990), desregulamentação (1991-2002) e o lançamento do carro flex-fuel (2003-atual),, bem como o rendimento agrícola da cana-de-açúcar, área ocupada e quantidade produzida da cana através dos dados dos censos agropecuários de 1975-2006 e a expansão migração e a competição das usinas nordestina com centro-sul na década de noventa.

Background: As previously reported, the measurement of ethanol can also be affected by interference from hemolysis. This is a matter of concern since ethanol is widely regarded as the most commonly abused substance globally. When sample re-collection is ordered to eliminate hemolysis effects for ethanol testing, this can have unfavourable consequences for these patients. Rapid detection of hemolysed specimens would alleviate some issues associated with forensic samples. This study aimed to assess the qualitative analytical performance of a novel point-of-care testing device per the guidelines specified in CLSI-EP-12A document. HemCheck™ is a novel POCT device that qualitatively detects free-hemoglobin levels on the specimen shortly after drawing the sample. Methods: The system consists of two components. One is a cartridge with a needle that is used to transfer a small volume of whole blood from a vacuum tube to vertical and lateral flow filtration. The second component is the reader. The consumable cartridges are designed to be inserted into the reader without requiring the syringe or blood collection tube removal. A red indicator led illuminates, indicating that the sample has been hemolysed. To assess the imprecision of the method, we determined the C5-C95 interval and C50, using the Roche Cobas clinical chemistry analyser as the comparator. For this study, we utilised residual samples. Results: Our C50 concentrations were 45 mg/dL, the C5- C95 30 mg/dL and 60 mg/dL, respectively. Two methods reveal an overall agreement of 89.2%. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the study showed a positive agreement of 95.7% and a negative agreement of 80. C%. The calculated Cohen's Kappa value was 77.3%. Conclusionn: According to current literature, a bias in ethanol levels can be noticed even with small free hemoglobin concentrations. When it came to forensic samples, this bias was crucial. Our study confirmed that the HemCheck devce has acceptable analytical performance, as outlined in the CLSI-EP-12A document. Although the possible beneficial impacts of the innovative POCT hemolysis detection device on the preanalytical phase are proposed, we have not studied them in this study. Uvod: Kao što je ranije objavljeno, na merenje etanola može uticati i interferencija hemolize. Ovo je zabrinjavajuće jer se etanol smatra supstancom koja se najčešće zloupotrebljava u svetu. Kada se naloži ponovno uzimanje uzorka da bi se eliminisali efekti hemolize na testiranje etanola, to može imati nepovoljne posledice za pacijente. Brzo otkrivanje hemolizovanih uzoraka bi dalo odgovore na neke probleme povezane sa forenzičkim uzorcima. Ova studija je imala za cilj da proceni kvalitativne analitičke performanse novog uređaja za testiranje na licu mesta, u skladu sa smernicama navedenim u dokumentu CLSI-EP- 12A. HemCheck'" je novi POCT uređaj koji kvalitativno detektuje nivoe slobodnog hemoglobina na uzorku ubrzo nakon uzorkovanja. Metode: Sistem se sastoji od dve komponente. Jedan je kertridž sa iglom koji se koristi za prenošenje male zapre- mine pune krvi iz vakuumske cevi do filtracije vertikalnog i bočnog protoka. Druga komponenta je čitač. Potrošni ker- tridži su dizajnirani da se umetnu u čitač bez potrebe za uklanjanjem šprica ili epruvete za prikupljanje krvi. Crvena indikatorska lampica svetli, što ukazuje da je uzorak hemo- lizovan. Da bismo proceniii nepreciznost metode, odredili smo interval C5-C95 i C50, koristeći klinički Roche Cobas analizator kao komparator. U ovoj studiji smo koristili rezidualne uzorke. Rezultati: Naše koncentracije C50 su bile 45 mg/dL, C5- C95 30 mg/dL i 60 mg/dL, respektivno. Dve metode otkrivaju ukupno slaganje od 89,2%. Dijagnostička osetljivost i specifičnost studije pokazala je pozitivno slaganje od95,7% i negativno slaganje cd 80,0%. Izračunata Koenova Kapa vrednost je bila 77,3%. ZeWjL>5aL FYema trenutnoj literaturi, pristrasrost nivoa etanola se može primetiti čak i sa malim koncentracijama slobodnog hemoglobina. Kada su u pitanju forenzički uzorci, ova pri st rasno st je bila ključna. Naša studija je potvrdila da HemCheck uređaj ima prihvatljive analitičke performanse, kao što je navedeno u dokumentu CLSI-EP-12A. lako su predloženi mogući korisni uticaji inovativnog POCT uređaja za detekciju hemolize na preanalitičku fazu, mi ih nismo proučavali u ovoj studiji. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La mayor parte del alcohol etílico que se produce es a partir de fuentes azucaradas, miel final, pero esta es cada día más cotizada debido al incremento de las producciones biotecnológicas, por lo que se impone el estudio de otras fuentes de sustratos azucarados y/o sus mezclas. Objetivo: Realizar un estudio preliminar en la etapa de fermentación alcohólica del empleo de mezcla de jugo de los filtros, miel final y meladura. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un diseño de experimentos tipo enrejado simple, realizando la preparación de medios de cultivos, unos como base y el resto son combinaciones de ellos. Se tiene en cuenta hasta un 100% de azúcares reductores totales (ART) de los sustratos. La variable de respuesta es el porciento alcohólico. Resultados y Discusión: Los mostos fermentados tienen por ciento entre 5,22 y 5,50. El mayor se alcanzó en los experimentos cuatro y cinco, donde se utilizaron los sustratos miel final y meladura, 5,48 y 5,50 % respectivamente. Mientras que, al emplear el jugo de los filtros (experimentos uno, dos y tres) se obtuvieron los niveles más bajos de concentración alcohólica en el medio, valores que difieren a los alcanzados en otros estudios fermentativos. Conclusiones: El empleo de la meladura en la fermentación permite un mejor aprovechamiento de la caña que no se debe destinar a la producción de azúcar, dada su baja calidad. En el estudio se alcanza el mayor porciento alcohólico cuando se emplea esta corriente como sustrato.

Introducción: La inyección percutánea de etanol se ha utilizado en el tratamiento de carcinomas hepatocelulares pequeños, lesiones hepáticas metastásicas, adenomas paratiroideos primarios o secundarios y, de forma esporádica, en otras neoplasias endocrinas benignas como los adenomas adrenocorticales productores de aldosterona. Objetivos: Actualizar en el conocimiento del empleo y los resultados de la inyección percutánea de etanol para el tratamiento de los pacientes con bocio nodular. Desarrollo: La evidencia actual respalda el uso de la inyección percutánea de etanol como tratamiento de primera línea para quistes puros y nódulos tiroideos predominantemente quísticos. Reduce de forma significativa el volumen y el diámetro mayor tanto en nódulos sólidos como quísticos. En un nódulo quístico, puede lograr una reducción del volumen de 85 a 95 %. Sin embargo, en un nódulo predominantemente quístico, la tasa de reducción de volumen varía del 60 % al 90 %. Los resultados para nódulos predominantemente quísticos con una porción sólida menor al 20 % son satisfactorios. En nódulos tiroideos sólidos, se reportan tasas de éxito de 75 a 86,6 %, considerando los pacientes que refieren mejoría estética post tratamiento. Conclusiones: La inyección percutánea de etanol se emplea como método de tratamiento seguro y eficaz para pacientes con bocio nodular benigno. Puede brindarse como alternativa terapéutica en países donde la cirugía y la observación clínica son las principales opciones de tratamiento para estos pacientes.

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study was designed to find an answer to the question, "Is it beneficial to use pomegranate (POM) and tangeretin (TAN) separately or in combination, for the prevention of acute gastric ulcer?". Materials and Methods: The gastroprotective effect of tangeretin and pomegranate was determined by measuring the levels of the selected inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and IL-10], lipid peroxides, and enzymatic activities of antioxidants in gastric tissue samples. Results: When all groups are written as control, gastric ulcer, POM+EtOH, TAN+EtOH and POM+TAN+EtOH, respectively; IL-1β cytokine levels were measured as 0.147, 0.24, 0.228, 0.195 and 0.182 pg/g protein. IL-6 levels; 16,857, 25,923, 19,797, 18,838 and 17,896 pg/mg protein. TNF-α levels were 39,916, 49.97, 44,678, 41,673 and 40,844 pg/mg protein. Finally, IL-10 levels were measured as 33,496, 28,071, 29,693, 30,073 and 30,008 pg/mg protein. SOD activities were determined as 18,038, 13,731, 15,506, 14,439, and 15,943. CAT activities were 674,638, 639,964, 673,382, 664,691, and 671,203. Protein carbonyl levels were measured as 26,799, 40,30, 33,052, 34,579 and 32,79. Finally, MDA levels were found as 5,239, 9,814, 6,695, 5,771 and 5,836. Briefly, POM and TAN showed their antioxidant functions by decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). And also, these protective agents exhibited their anti-inflammatory functions by decreasing the content of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increasing the IL-10 levels. Conclusion: Tangeretin and pomegrenate have a potential gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer and that the combined treatment is more beneficial than the effect of POM or TAN alone. In addition, this effect is thought to be due to the fact that both selected flavonoids can show a synergistic effect, reducing the levels of inflammation parameters and increasing antioxidant levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most of the ethyl alcohol produced is from sugar sources, molasses, but this is becoming more and more sought after due to the increase in biotechnological productions, so it is necessary to study other sources of sugar substrates and/or their mixtures. Objective: To carry out a preliminary study in the alcoholic fermentation stage of the use of filter juice mixture, molasses and syrup. Materials and Methods: A simple trellis-type design of experiments was carried out, performing the preparation of culture media, some as a base and the rest are combinations of them. Up to 100% of sugars in total reducing agents (ART) of the substrates are taken into account. The response variable is alcoholic percentage. Results and Discussion: The fermented musts had percentages between 5.22 and 5.50. The highest was reached in experiments four and five, where the substrates molasses and syrup were used, 5.48 and 5.50 % respectively. On the other hand, when using the juice from the filters (experiments one, two and three), the lowest levels of alcoholic concentration in the medium were obtained, values that differ from those reached in other fermentation studies. Conclusions: The use of syrup in fermentation allows a better utilization of cane that should not be destined for sugar production, given its low quality. In the study, the highest alcoholic percentage is reached when this stream is used as substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Economia Política do Desenvolvimento (REPD) is the property of Revista Economia Politica do Desenvolvimento (REPD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Economia Política do Desenvolvimento (REPD) is the property of Revista Economia Politica do Desenvolvimento (REPD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Salicylic acid has antiseptic properties, it is used in the preparation of antibacterial drugs. Its derivatives are also used in agriculture as physiologically active substances. Purpose. Study of the process of synthesis of complex salts of calcium and magnesium with physiologically active properties based on local raw materials "Shorsu" dolomite and salicylic acid. Methodology. Calcium and magnesium in solution were determined by complexometric titration. The pH of the medium was controlled (pH meter Fe 20 METTLER TOLEDO). The IR spectra of calcium and magnesium salts of salicylic acid were studied (Perkin Elmer Spectrum IR version 10.7.2). Originality. In the synthesis of a complex compound based on Shorsu dolomite and salicylic acid, the optimal ratio of components, temperature, pH of solutions, process duration and foaming height were determined. Findings. Since salicylic acid is poorly soluble in water, a solvent based on ethanol and water (1:2) was used. Salicylic acid and dolomite (degree of grinding. δsr=10 μm) were mixed in the ratio, M/M = 1:0.1, 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75 at a temperature of: 25-90°C. Changes in pH were observed and optimal synthesis conditions were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of ethanol conversion to acetone on binary cerium-zinc oxide catalysts has been studied. It has been established that the reaction products of the conversion of ethyl alcohol on binary cerium-zinc oxide catalysts are ethylene, acetaldehyde, acetone, carbon dioxide and, at high temperatures, destructive decomposition products. The highest yield of acetone is observed on samples rich in zinc at temperatures of the order of 450-550°C, while catalysts rich in cerium are active in the reaction of dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. In this work, the acid properties of cerium-zinc oxide catalysts were evaluated by their activity in the isomerization of butene-1 to trans and cis butenes-2. It was found that cerium-rich catalysts are active in butene-1 isomerization reaction. The activities of cerium-zinc oxide catalysts in the reactions of the conversion of ethanol to acetone and the isomerization of butene-1 into trans and cis butenes-2 are compared. It was found that the reaction of the conversion of ethanol to acetone proceeds on the centers of the basic nature, and the formation of ethylene proceeds on the centers of the acidic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study, the effect of utilizing waste motor oil and alcohol as an alternative fuel in a diesel generator used in small-scale energy production on emissions was investigated. In the experimental study, 20% of waste motor oil was added in diesel fuel, then 3 different proportions (5%, 10% and 15%) of ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol and butanol alcohols were added to this mixture. Experimental studies were carried out on a four-stroke, air-cooled diesel engine generator set. In the experiments, the fuel consumption and emission results were determined by drawing a constant power (5000 W) from the generator. In the results, it was found that the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) increased with the addition of alcohol to the diesel-waste engine oil mixture and the highest SFC was obtained in the fuel mixture where 15% ethanol was added. It was observed that butanol addition to the diesel-waste motor oil mixture decreased the SFC and the lowest SFC was obtained when compared to other alcohol type mixtures. In the emission results, the use of diesel-waste engine oil mixture increased the CO, HC, and soot emissions while alcohol addition to the diesel-waste engine oil mixture reduced these emission values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Actualmente, la matriz energética en Bolivia depende en gran medida de los combustibles fósiles, hecho que conlleva a problemas económicos especialmente considerando que la producción de gasolina en Bolivia no cubre la demanda del mercado interno y que se tiene que recurrir a la importación a precios elevados. Además, la transición hacia una matriz energética más limpia también puede impulsar la innovación y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y soluciones para abordar el cambio climático y proteger el medio ambiente, aspectos que son promovidos por las Naciones Unidas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 7 y 11. En este sentido, este trabajo se centra en el estado del arte de la influencia de mezclas etanol-gasolina en el desempeño de motores de combustión interna, con el objetivo de tener un punto de partida para un posible uso de estas mezclas en el país y así reducir el consumo de gasolina. Inicialmente, se realizó un estudio de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de diferentes mezclas de combustible gasolina-etanol encontrados en la literatura. Después, se analizó el efecto del porcentaje de etanol en la mezcla en parámetros que definen el desempeño de un motor como: la eficiencia térmica, el consumo especifico de combustible al freno, la máxima torsión de frenado y el consumo especifico de combustible. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura concerniente a efectos de la mezcla etanol-gasolina en el impacto al medio ambiente y efectos negativos al motor.

O artigo apresenta o processo de mudanças institucionais, organizacionais e políticas experimentado pelo complexo agroindustrial canavieiro no Brasil, em particular pelos grupos de maior poder econômico, concentrados no estado de São Paulo, a partir da década de 1990 até o ano de 2014. Esses grupos, denominados no contexto da pesquisa como Agroindústria Sucroenergética Brasileira (ASB), passaram de um modelo de organização setorial de corte burocrático e estado-cêntrico, para um de caráter mais aberto, flexível e diversificado no tocante aos atores participantes, mas no qual a presença e a participação do Estado brasileiro continuou como parte essencial das relações entre o poder estatal e a grande agricultura patronal canavieira.

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a influência do processo de clarificação do caldo de cana por ozonização na fermentação alcoólica, usando mostos obtidos de diferentes etapas do processo industrial. Foram analisados mostos obtidos dos caldos misto, clarificado, evaporado e mel final, cedidos pela Usina Monte Alegre S/A, em diferentes dias de produção. As concentrações de leveduras e substrato utilizadas foram definidas a partir de um planejamento fatorial, com base na avaliação da superfície de resposta para produção de etanol, em que mostos com concentrações iniciais de substrato entre 13 e 20 ºBrix e concentrações de leveduras entre 24 e 34 g L-1 obtiveram os melhores desempenhos. As fermentações foram conduzidas sob temperatura de 32 ºC e agitação orbital de 150 rpm, em um tempo de 12 horas. As produtividades em etanol [g L-1 h-1] obtidas para os diferentes mostos foram: 2,9±0,81, 2,7±0,57, 2,5±0,51 e 2,7±0,49. Estes resultados apontam que não houve diferença estatística entre os mostos utilizados, indicando que fatores como as variações da matéria-prima processada e as oscilações do processo apresentam um maior impacto na fermentação alcoólica do que o processo de clarificação por ozonização e a origem do caldo utilizado para composição do mosto.

Increasing use of fossil fuels with the increase in industrialization, number of vehicles and population causes problems such as energy requirement and emissions. In this study, biodiesel production was carried out by transesterification using microalgae oil, methanol, and sodium methylate as catalyst which can be used in internal combustion engines. In today's trend studies of Microalgae has been preferred because of its growth environment that does not require the use of arable land and its good raw material/oil conversion ratio. In addition, the effect of fuels on engine performance and emissions was investigated by obtaining a mixture of obtained biodiesel and ethanol at different rates. Experiments were carried out at full load in the engine speed range of 1000-3000 rpm. The maximum engine torque is obtained at 1800 rpm, while the maximum power is obtained at 2600 rpm. For biodiesel mixed with 15% ethanol, there was a 0.86% increase in torque at 1800 rpm compared to diesel, and a decrease of 0.42% in power at 2600 rpm. The emission values resulting from the combustion of biodiesel and ethanol blended fuels have decreased considerably compared to the use of diesel fuel. Thus, emissions harmful to humans and the environment, especially carbon dioxide emissions that cause global warming, have decreased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of the direct sale of ethanol in Brazil, started by Provisional Measure (MP) nº 1063 (2021) and published as Law nº 14292 (2022), making direct sales of ethanol between mills and fuel stations possible. Using a discourse analysis, this paper focused on the national commercialization of ethanol, before the implementation of the MP, highlighting the direct sale as a possible attenuating factor of the final price, as well as the positions of the public entities regarding the sector. We conclude that this measure should lead to improvements in the collection of state taxes. However, problems related to the distance between service stations and mills are limiting factors for this commercialization, at this first moment, due to the process of storing large quantities of ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we present experimental results on the irradiation of ethanol ice (CH3CH2OH) by broadband soft X-rays to simulate the effect processing of organicrich astrophysical ices by space radiation. This molecule was detected in the interstellar medium in molecular clouds like Sagittarius B2 and towards nebulas like Orion KL. The experiments were performed at the Brazilian Synchrotron Facility LNLS/CNPEM, at Campinas, SP. The frozen sample was analyzed in-situ by infrared spectroscopy (IR) in a simulated astrophysical environment at different radiation fluences. The results show the formation of several new molecular species such as CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, CH3(CO)CH3 (acetone), and CH3COOH (acetic acid). We determined the effective destruction cross-section of ethanol (~1×10-18 cm2) and the formation cross-sections of the daughter species with values between 0.5 to 3.4×10-18 cm2. The chemical equilibrium phase of ice was characterized and desorption yield induced by X-rays was determined (0.13 molecules photon-1). The result helps us to understand the photolysis induced by X-rays in organic-rich ices in space environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura is the property of Revista Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quantification of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) is a routine determination in limnological, ecological and environmental studies. The aim of this study was to experimentally compare the most frequently used methodologies to determine Chl-a in order to find the most efficient and affordable method for aquatic environments. In three urban water bodies of Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), we compared 11 methods, in 2 independent essays, which included different sample storage strategies, different solvents, filter cut-off and centrifugation. We observed that the ability to show significant differences in the technique depended on the water body under study. In all cases where significant differences were detected between treatments, hot ethanol (60-70 °C) was the solvent that allowed the best Chl-a extraction. Although the most commonly used method according to our literature survey is the one involving extraction with 90% acetone, the most efficient treatments in our experiment turned out to be those with hot ethanol (with an extraction efficiency between 14 and 98% higher, depending on the treatment and the water body). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]