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Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is one of the most significant hard-shelled nuts. Pistachio has heterozygous genomic nature due to its allogamy plant species. There are several problems in Pistacia breeding programs and different biotechnological approaches prefer to overcome these limiting factors. The aims of present study were the development of the novel genic microsatellites (eSSRs) derived from P. vera, the identification of the transferability of eSSRs, and the determination of the polymorphism level of the genomic (gSSR) and eSSRs in major pistachio cultivars. A total of 154 eSSR were developed and the transferability of 223 eSSRs across the genus Pistacia was detected. Average transferability rate was calculated as 84.9% in seven Pistacia species. The highest number of loci (200) was amplified in P. terebinthus, whereas 107 loci were amplified in seventeen species. A total of 143 set of polymorphic SSR primer pairs (74 genomic and 69 genic SSRs) were utilized for the comparison of polymorphism levels of gSSRs and eSSRs markers in major pistachio cultivars. Of the 74 gSSR and 69 eSSR markers, 70 and 39 SSR markers showed scorable polymorphic loci, respectively. gSSRs produced higher polymorphism than eSSRs in major pistachio cultivars. These differences may be due to the genomic structure of the markers, as well as the design of eSSRs from more conserved regions, or the development of gSSRs from intron and intergenic regions found throughout the entire genome. The detection of polymorphic SSRs can be used for Pistacia cultivars or genotype identifications, DNA fingerprinting in the nursery and in future breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant diseases with a complex classification and various histological subtypes, mostly clinically inconspicuous appearance, and a rare occurrence. To ensure safe patient care, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) issued a guideline for diagnostic imaging of soft tissue tumors in adults in 2015. In this study, we investigated whether implementation of these guidelines resulted in improved MRI protocol and report quality in patients with soft tissue sarcomas in our cancer center. All cases of histologically confirmed soft tissue sarcomas that were treated at our study center from 2006 to 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The radiological reports were examined for their compliance with the recommendations of the ESSR. Patients were divided into two groups, before and after the introduction of the 2015 ESSR guidelines. In total, 103 cases of histologically confirmed sarcomas were studied. The distribution of, age, gender, number of subjects, performing radiology, and MRI indication on both groups did not show any significant differences. Only using the required MRI sequences showed a significant improvement after the introduction of the guidelines (p = 0.048). All other criteria, especially the requirements for the report of findings, showed no improvement. The guidelines of the European Society for Musculoskeletal Radiology are not regularly followed, and their establishment did not consistently improve MRI quality in our study group. This poses a risk for incorrect or delayed diagnosis and, ultimately, therapy of soft tissue tumors. However, this study is the first of its kind and involves a limited collective. A European-wide multicenter study would be appreciated to confirm these results.

Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant diseases with a complex classification and various histological subtypes, mostly clinically inconspicuous appearance, and a rare occurrence. To ensure safe patient care, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) issued a guideline for diagnostic imaging of soft tissue tumors in adults in 2015. In this study, we investigated whether implementation of these guidelines resulted in improved MRI protocol and report quality in patients with soft tissue sarcomas in our cancer center. All cases of histologically confirmed soft tissue sarcomas that were treated at our study center from 2006 to 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. The radiological reports were examined for their compliance with the recommendations of the ESSR. Patients were divided into two groups, before and after the introduction of the 2015 ESSR guidelines. In total, 103 cases of histologically confirmed sarcomas were studied. The distribution of, age, gender, number of subjects, performing radiology, and MRI indication on both groups did not show any significant differences. Only using the required MRI sequences showed a significant improvement after the introduction of the guidelines (p = 0.048). All other criteria, especially the requirements for the report of findings, showed no improvement. The guidelines of the European Society for Musculoskeletal Radiology are not regularly followed, and their establishment did not consistently improve MRI quality in our study group. This poses a risk for incorrect or delayed diagnosis and, ultimately, therapy of soft tissue tumors. However, this study is the first of its kind and involves a limited collective. A European-wide multicenter study would be appreciated to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, we aimed to develop novel genic simple sequence repeat (eSSR) markers and to study phylogenetic relationship among Pistacia species. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in different tissues of Siirt and Atl cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera). A total of 37.5-Gb data were used in the assembly. The number of total contigs and unigenes was calculated as 98,831, and the length of N50 was 1,333 bp after assembly. A total of 14,308 dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide, and hexanucleotide SSR motifs (4–17) were detected, and the most abundant SSR repeat types were trinucleotide (29.54%), dinucleotide (24.06%), hexanucleotide (20.67%), pentanucleotide (18.88%), and tetranucleotide (6.85%), respectively. Overall 250 primer pairs were designed randomly and tested in eight Pistacia species for amplification. Of them, 233 were generated polymerase chain reaction products in at least one of the Pistacia species. A total of 55 primer pairs that had amplifications in all tested Pistacia species were used to characterize 11 P. vera cultivars and 78 wild Pistacia genotypes belonging to nine Pistacia species (P. khinjuk, P. eurycarpa, P. atlantica, P. mutica, P. integerrima, P. chinensis, P. terebinthus, P. palaestina, and P. lentiscus). A total of 434 alleles were generated from 55 polymorphic eSSR loci with an average of 7.89 alleles per locus. The mean number of effective allele was 3.40 per locus. Polymorphism information content was 0.61, whereas observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were 0.39 and 0.65, respectively. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages) and STRUCTURE analysis divided 89 Pistacia genotypes into seven populations. The closest species to P. vera was P. khinjuk. P. eurycarpa was closer P. atlantica than P. khinjuk. P. atlantica–P. mutica and P. terebinthus–P. palaestina pairs of species were not clearly separated from each other, and they were suggested as the same species. The present study demonstrated that eSSR markers can be used in the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Pistacia species and cultivars, as well as genetic linkage mapping and QTL (quantitative trait locus) analysis.

Copyright of Athenaeum: Polskie Studia Politologiczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Security Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we aimed to develop novel genic simple sequence repeat (eSSR) markers and to study phylogenetic relationship among Pistacia species. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in different tissues of Siirt and Atl cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera). A total of 37.5-Gb data were used in the assembly. The number of total contigs and unigenes was calculated as 98,831, and the length of N50 was 1,333 bp after assembly. A total of 14,308 dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide, and hexanucleotide SSR motifs (4–17) were detected, and the most abundant SSR repeat types were trinucleotide (29.54%), dinucleotide (24.06%), hexanucleotide (20.67%), pentanucleotide (18.88%), and tetranucleotide (6.85%), respectively. Overall 250 primer pairs were designed randomly and tested in eight Pistacia species for amplification. Of them, 233 were generated polymerase chain reaction products in at least one of the Pistacia species. A total of 55 primer pairs that had amplifications in all tested Pistacia species were used to characterize 11 P. vera cultivars and 78 wild Pistacia genotypes belonging to nine Pistacia species (P. khinjuk , P. eurycarpa , P. atlantica , P. mutica , P. integerrima , P. chinensis , P. terebinthus , P. palaestina , and P. lentiscus). A total of 434 alleles were generated from 55 polymorphic eSSR loci with an average of 7.89 alleles per locus. The mean number of effective allele was 3.40 per locus. Polymorphism information content was 0.61, whereas observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values were 0.39 and 0.65, respectively. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages) and STRUCTURE analysis divided 89 Pistacia genotypes into seven populations. The closest species to P. vera was P. khinjuk. P. eurycarpa was closer P. atlantica than P. khinjuk. P. atlantica – P. mutica and P. terebinthus – P. palaestina pairs of species were not clearly separated from each other, and they were suggested as the same species. The present study demonstrated that eSSR markers can be used in the characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Pistacia species and cultivars, as well as genetic linkage mapping and QTL (quantitative trait locus) analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifth-generation (5G) and millimeter-waves (MM-W) hold tremendous promise to provide opportunities to revolutionize education, healthcare, business, and agriculture. Nevertheless, the generation of MM-W in the electrical-domain is infeasible due to the bandwidth limitation of electronic components and radio frequency (RF) interference. The capability to generate MM-W in the optical-domain can provide transportation of MM-W with low loss from switching center to remote base stations. The present paper is focusing on electro-optical up-conversion (EOU) techniques for optical generation and transmission of 60-GHz MM-W signal. A comparative study is carried out between three different EOU techniques: frequency-quadrupling, frequency sextupling and frequency-octotupling. The comparative study aims at showing the strengths and weaknesses of three EOU techniques and evaluating each technique in terms of electrical spurious suppression ratio (ESSR), as well as in terms of the influence of non-ideal phase shifting. The performance of the three EOU techniques after transmission over optical fiber is evaluated by eye pattern test. The results of the simulation confirm that the frequency-quadrupling outperforms frequency- sextupling and frequency- octotupling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign bone tumors are rare but are more common than primary malignant bone tumors. The early accurate diagnosis and reliable differentiation of these rare benign tumors and tumor mimickers from the even rarer malignant tumors with subsequent appropriate treatment or watchful waiting is crucial for the clinical outcome. Bone tumors are often a source ofdiagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. Thus this European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology consensus document is intended to help radiologists in their decision making and support discussion among clinicians who deal with patients with suspected or proven bone tumors. Evaluating these tumors starts with a patient history and physical examination. Radiography is the principal imaging modality and often can reliably diagnose a benign bone tumor by providing information about localization, matrix, aggressiveness, size, and (potential) multiplicity. In a significant number of cases, additional imaging is not necessary. Potentially malignant entities recognized by radiography should be referred for magnetic resonance imaging, which also serves as a preoperative local staging modality, with specific technical requirements. Indeterminatetumors, or tumors in which therapy depends on histology results, should be biopsied. For biopsy,we strongly recommend referral to a specialist regional sarcoma treatment center (RSTC), where a multidisciplinary tumor team, including a specialist pathologist, radiologist, and sarcoma surgeon, are involved. Additional staging modalities are entity specific and should be performed according to the recommendations of the RSTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the recommendations of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology Arthritis Subcommittee on the use of ultrasonography (US) in rheumatic disease, focused on the examination of joints in the adult population. The recommended examination technique and protocols used in a radiologic work-up are discussed. The main US features that can lead to a final diagnosis in the most common rheumatic diseases are addressed. The differential diagnosis that should be considered at image interpretation is presented. The role of US in interventional procedures and clinically important recent developments is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare, but early, accurate diagnosis with subsequent appropriate treatment is crucial for the clinical outcome. The ESSR guidelines are intended to help radiologists in their decision-making and support discussion among clinicians who deal with patients with suspected or proven soft tissue tumors. Potentially malignant lesions recognized by ultrasound should be referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which also serves as a preoperative local staging modality, with specific technical requirements and mandatory radiological report elements. Radiography may add information about matrix calcification and osseous involvement. Indeterminate lesions, or lesions in which therapy is dependent on histology results, should be biopsied. For biopsy, we strongly recommend referral to a specialist sarcoma center, where an interdisciplinary tumor group, with a specialized pathologist, radiologist, and the surgeon are involved. In sarcoma, a CT scan of the chest is mandatory. Additional staging modalities are entity-specific. There are no evidence-based recommendations for routine follow-up in surgically treated sarcomas. However, we would recommend regular follow-up with intervals dependent on tumor grade, for 10 years after the initial diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Four hundred sixty five genes responsive to cold tolerance in energycane identified. [•] Early and prolong transcript accumulation in the tolerant clone under cold stress. [•] Genic SSR markers discriminated sugarcane hybrids from wild Saccharum spontaneum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the highlights of the annual scientific meeting of the 19th Congress of the European Society Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) held in Innsbruck, Austria in June 2012. The event was attended by more than 500 registrants from countries such as Europe, the Middle East, the U.S. and Australia. Topics addressed include hand and wrist imaging, trauma and arthritis.

Genetic diversity was investigated in a set of 27 barley genotypes, originated from Egypt, using 23 expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived simple sequence repeats (eSSRs), representatives of the seven barley chromosomes. Ninety-five alleles were detected among all the barley accessions. For 22 polymorphic eSSRs, the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 12, with a mean of 4.318 alleles per locus. The lowest and the largest number of alleles per locus among the seven homeologous groups was observed in homeologous group 5H and 4H with 3.00 and 6.33, respectively. The gene diversity increased as the number of alleles increased. Gene diversity for 22 ESTs loci varied from 0.137 for GBM1404 to 0.896 for GBM1015 with an average of 0.563. A significant correlation coefficient between gene diversity and the number of alleles was high, r = 0.741 ( P < 0.01). Cluster analysis was conducted based on eSSRs data to group the barley genotypes and to construct a dendrogram. Four groups can be distinguished by truncating the dendrogram at gs value of 0.77. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hessian fly [ Mayetiola destructor (Say)] is one of the major insect pests of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Hessian fly (Hf)-resistance genes H16 and H17 were reported to condition resistance to Hf biotype L that is prevalent in many wheat-growing areas of eastern USA, and both of them were previously assigned to wheat chromosome 5A by their linkage to H9. The objectives in this study were to (1) map H16 and H17 independent of their linkage with H9 and (2) identify DNA markers that co-segregate with H16 or H17, and that are useful for selection of these genes in segregating populations and to combine these genes with other Hf-resistance genes in wheat cultivars. Contrary to previously reported locations, H16 and H17 did not show linkage with the molecular markers on chromosome 5A. Instead, both of them are linked with the molecular markers on the short arm of chromosome 1A (1AS). The simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker Xpsp2999 and EST-derived SSR (eSSR) marker Xwem6b are two flanking markers that are linked to H16 at genetic distances of 3.7 and 5.5 cM, respectively. Similarly, H17 is located between markers Xpsp2999 and Xwem6b at genetic distances of 6.2 and 5.1 cM, respectively. Five other SSR and eSSR markers including Xcfa2153, Xbarc263, Xwem3a, Xwmc329, and Xwmc24 were also linked to H16 and H17 at close genetic distances. These closely linked molecular markers should be useful for pyramiding H16 and H17 with other Hessian fly resistance genes in a single wheat genotype. In addition, using Chinese Spring deletion line bin mapping we positioned all of the linked markers and the Hf-resistance genes ( H16 and H17) to the distal 14% of chromosome 1AS, where Hf-resistance genes H9, H10, and H11 are located. Our results together with previous studies suggest that Hf-resistance genes H9, H10, H11, H16, and H17 along with the pathogen resistance genes Pm3 and Lr10 appear to occupy a resistance gene cluster in the distal region of chromosome 1AS in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare subtype of soft-tissue mass and are frequently misinterpreted as benign lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary recommended type of diagnostics. To assess the quality of primary radiology reports, we investigated whether recommended MRI report elements were included in compliance with European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) guidelines. A total of 1107 patients were evaluated retrospectively, and 126 radiological reports on patients with malignant STS were assessed for ESSR quality criteria. One or more required sequences or planes were missing in 67% of the reports. In all 126 cases, the report recognized the mass as anomalous (100%). Sixty-eight percent of the reports mentioned signs of malignancy. The majority of reports (n = 109, 87%) articulated a suspected diagnosis, 32 of which showed a mismatch with the final diagnosis (25%). Thirty-two percent of the reports had a misinterpretation of the masses as benign. Benign misinterpretations were more common in masses smaller than 5 cm (65% vs. 27%). Thirty percent of the reports suggested tissue biopsy and 6% recommended referral to a sarcoma center. MRI reports showed frequent deviations from ESSR guidelines, and protocol guidelines were not routinely met. Deviations from standard protocol and reporting guidelines could put patients at risk for inadequate therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]