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Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder that leads to impairment in various cognitive functions. Telemental health is applied in providing several telemental health and psychiatric services. It can provide health and psychological care, such as counseling, diagnosis, and treatment. Therefore, this study systematically examines the effectiveness of using a telemental health approach to manage obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the keywords telepsychiatry, telemental health, telemedicine, telehealth, videoconferencing, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and OCD up to November 2023. In addition to searching the mentioned databases, references to related articles were also examined. Results: In this study, based on the search strategy, we identified 130 articles, 4 duplicate articles were removed, and the title and abstract of 126 articles were reviewed. Considering the selection criteria, 104 articles were excluded and 22 articles were included in the study. In 77.27% of the articles, videoconference telecommunication methods were used for communication. In 8 articles, the participants were children and adolescents. Reviewing these studies indicates mentions concerning the effectiveness of this method in most of them. Conclusions: In general, telemental health interventions increase access to treatment and can be promising for patients with certain conditions. This systematic review contributes to the expanding literature indicating that delivering CBT through telemental health methods, particularly videoconference-based approaches, is a feasible substitute for in-person treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, has arisen as a nosocomial and community acquired infection throughout the world. MRSA identification in the laboratory is difficult for a variety of reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate several phenotypic methods for the detection of MRSA compared with the PCR-based method as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of 220 clinical isolates of S. aureus were recovered from diverse clinical specimens between August 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020 at Milad Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Cefoxitin discs, CHROMagar™ MRSA medium, and identification of the mecA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as the gold standard method were used to assess methicillin resistance. Results and Conclusion: PCR testing revealed that 105 (47.72%) of 220 S. aureus isolates were positive for the mecA gene. The results of the Cefoxitin disc diffusion method showed that it has similar sensitivity and specificity to PCR method. The sensitivity and specificity of CHROMagar™ MRSA medium were both 100%. The Cefoxitin disc diffusion method had the same sensitivity and specificity as the PCR method for detecting the mecA gene. For MRSA detection, the Cefoxitin disc diffusion method can be employed as an alternative to PCR [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among microorganisms, bacteria are the main group of biosurfactant‐producing organisms. Different types of bacteria including Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Arthrobacter sp. are among the most commonly studied bacteria in the realm of scientific research. However, due to the pathogenic nature of the producing organisms, the application of these compounds is restricted, therefore, not suitable for use in food‐related industries. Given that probiotic bacteria impact human health, applying probiotics as nonpathogenic and safe organisms have gained much attention for the production of biosurfactants in recent years. Most biosurfactants obtained from probiotic bacteria are related to a number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These types of biosurfactants are classified based on their structures as protein–carbohydrate complexes, lipids, or fatty acids. The present paper seeks to provide comprehensive and useful information about the production of various kinds of biosurfactants by different probiotic bacteria. In addition, we have extensively reviewed their potential for possible future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Broad-spectrumβ-lactams are used for empirical therapy of severe infections with non-typhoidSalmonellaserotypes; however, activities of these drugs against the strains producing differentβ-lactamase is not so clear. This study investigated the prevalence ofβ-lactamase genes among isolates ofS. entericaserovars from human faecal samples and determined their diversity in activity against differentβ-lactams. Methods:Antimicrobial resistance of faecal isolates ofS. entericato extended-spectrum cephalosporins was analysed and MIC values were determined for the strains presenting extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs) phenotypes. Theβ-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and sequencing.β-lactamase activity of theSalmonellastrains exhibiting ESBL phenotype was detected by biological, iodometric, spectrophotometry and nitrocefin assays. Results:Out of 202S. entericaisolates, ESBLs phenotype was detected among 3.4% (7/202) of the strains.blaTEM-1andblaCTX-M-15were among the frequentβ-lactamase genes. Detection ofblaTEM-169inS. entericaserovar Typhimurium andS. entericaserovar Bredeney andblaPER-1inS. entericaserovar Infantis was a new finding in this experiment. Location ofblaCTX-M-15/blaTEM-169/blaPER-1genes on plasmid was confirmed in a transformation experiment. While crude extracts of the enzymes from each strain showed higher activity against cephalothin and cefotaxime, the lowest activity was detected against ceftazidime. The greatest synergistic activity was seen in a strain ofS. entericathat carriedblaCTX-M-15andblaPER-1genes compared with those presentingblaCTX-M-15/blaTEM-169orblaCTX-M-15/blaTEM-1genotypes. Conclusions:The results show dissemination of ESBLs encoding genes and their combined activity among different serovars ofS. entericathat are a threat for future treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: Cancer is a most important disease, and female reproductive system cancers are the most common cause of women mortality rate. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed medical record data for 4460 patients in Mazandaran population-based cancer registry. Results: The mean (standard deviation) age of these patients was 53.45 years, and the incidence rate of female reproductive cancers (age-standardized incidence rate) was 8.51 per 100,000 persons-year. These cancers incidences were more in urban than rural, but this difference was not significant. Differences between frequency of uterus and ovary cancers with tumor behavior are significant (P = 0.046). Conclusion: This certainly calls for further attention to preventive and treatment planning on female reproductive system cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Broad-spectrum β-lactams are used for empirical therapy of severe infections with non-typhoid Salmonella serotypes; however, activities of these drugs against the strains producing different β-lactamase is not so clear. This study investigated the prevalence of β-lactamase genes among isolates of S. enterica serovars from human faecal samples and determined their diversity in activity against different β-lactams., Methods: Antimicrobial resistance of faecal isolates of S. enterica to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was analysed and MIC values were determined for the strains presenting extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) phenotypes. The β-lactamase genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. β-lactamase activity of the Salmonella strains exhibiting ESBL phenotype was detected by biological, iodometric, spectrophotometry and nitrocefin assays., Results: Out of 202 S. enterica isolates, ESBLs phenotype was detected among 3.4% (7/202) of the strains. blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 were among the frequent β-lactamase genes. Detection of blaTEM-169 in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Bredeney and blaPER-1 in S. enterica serovar Infantis was a new finding in this experiment. Location of blaCTX-M-15/blaTEM-169/blaPER-1 genes on plasmid was confirmed in a transformation experiment. While crude extracts of the enzymes from each strain showed higher activity against cephalothin and cefotaxime, the lowest activity was detected against ceftazidime. The greatest synergistic activity was seen in a strain of S. enterica that carried blaCTX-M-15 and blaPER-1 genes compared with those presenting blaCTX-M-15/blaTEM-169 or blaCTX-M-15/blaTEM-1 genotypes., Conclusions: The results show dissemination of ESBLs encoding genes and their combined activity among different serovars of S. enterica that are a threat for future treatment options.