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216 results on '"ERYTHRINA POEPPIGIANA"'

1. Floral developmental insights into two species of Erythrina (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) pollinated by hummingbirds and passerines

Author: Souza, Lukas Gabriel Macedo Pessanha de, Falcão, Marcus José de Azevedo, Basso-Alves, João Paulo, and Mansano, Vidal de Freitas
Published: 2024
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2. Forrajes tropicales como alternativa alimenticia en conejos de engorde (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

Author: Adolfo Sánchez-Laiño, Emma Danielly Torres-Navarrete, Franklin Buste-Castro, Alexandra Elizabeth Barrera- Álvarez, and Jeniffer Sánchez-Torres
Subjects: Morus alba, Erythrina poeppigiana, Tithonia diversifolia, cuniculture, nutrition, New Zealand breed, Agriculture
Abstract: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el potencial de los forrajes tropicales (Morus alba L.), caraca (Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F.Cook y mirasol o botón dorado (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray) como fuente de alimento alternativo engorde de conejos, y su efecto sobre su comportamiento productivo. El experimento se realizó en el programa de especies menores de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. En este estudio evaluamos conejos machos de Nueva Zelanda de 35 días de edad y con un promedio de peso de 74,23 ± 75,47 g, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con seis réplicas en un diseño de bloque completo. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron los siguientes: T1: concentrado comercial a voluntad (control); T2: concentrado comercial 50 g + morera a voluntad; T3: concentrado comercial 50 g + caraca a voluntad, y T4: concentrado comercial 50 g + botón de oro a voluntad. Para identificar diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, se aplicó el análisis de varianza y se utilizó la prueba de rango múltiple de Tukey para comparar los valores medios de los tratamientos. Las variables medidas fueron las siguientes: ingesta de alimento (FI); tasa de crecimiento (GR); tasa de conversión de alimento (FCR); peso a canal (WC), rendimiento a canal (PC) y rentabilidad. Los resultados muestran que la FI más alta se registró con T1, T2 y T4 (83,92 ± 4,31, 83,90 ± 1,08 y 81,72 ± 2,85 g de materia seca.d-1, respectivamente); el GR más alto se encontró en T1 (28.81 ± 2.55 g); la FCR más eficiente fue T1, T2 y T3 (2.93 ± 0.27, 3.34 ± 0.28 y 3.23 ± 0.19, respectivamente); y la PC más eficiente fue T3 (56.00 ± 1.11%) siendo también la más rentable (53%).
Published: 2018
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3. Cytotoxic Activity of Alpinumisoflavone from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) Against Colon Cancer (WiDr), Cervical Cancer (Hela), and Hepatoma Cancer (HepG2) Cells

Author: Tati Herlina, Nayla Haraswati, Riza Apriani, Vicki Nishinarizki, Shabarni Gaffar, and Unang Supratman
Subjects: Erythrina poeppigiana, alpinumisoflavone, cytotoxic activity, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in the world. Anticancer prevention used can cause undesirable things. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites derived from natural products that are useful for anticancer treatment. This study was performed to observe the cytotoxic activity of alpinumisoﬂavone from Erythrina poeppigiana, toward cervical cancer (Hela), colon cancer (WiDr), and hepatoma cancer (HepG2) cells. The cytotoxic activity of alpinumisoﬂavone was tested using (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The percentage of cell mortality was calculated and the IC50 was calculated using probit analysis. The result shown that alpinumisoﬂavone has antiproliferative eﬀect to colon cancer (WiDr), cervical cancer (Hela), and hepatoma cancer (HepG2) cells with the value of IC50 are 5.63, 7.18, and 18.08 µg/ml, respectively. Based on the value of IC50 alpinumisoﬂavone is very cytotoxic to colon cancer WiDr cell.
Published: 2019
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4. Cytotoxic Activity of Alpinumisoflavone from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) Against Colon Cancer (WiDr), Cervical Cancer (Hela), and Hepatoma Cancer (HepG2) Cells.

Author: Herlina, Tati, Haraswati, Nayla, Apriani, Riza, Nishinarizki, Vicki, Gaffar, Shabarni, and Supratman, Unang
Subjects: *COLON cancer, *CERVICAL cancer, *HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma, *LEGUMES, *PROBIT analysis, *CANCER-related mortality
Abstract: Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in the world. Anticancer prevention used can cause undesirable things. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites derived from natural products that are useful for anticancer treatment. This study was performed to observe the cytotoxic activity of alpinumisoflavone from Erythrina poeppigiana, toward cervical cancer (Hela), colon cancer (WiDr), and hepatoma cancer (HepG2) cells. The cytotoxic activity of alpinumisoflavone was tested using (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The percentage of cell mortality was calculated and the IC50 was calculated using probit analysis. The result shown that alpinumisoflavone has antiproliferative effect to colon cancer (WiDr), cervical cancer (Hela), and hepatoma cancer (HepG2) cells with the value of IC50 are 5.63, 7.18, and 18.08 µg/ml, respectively. Based on the value of IC50 alpinumisoflavone is very cytotoxic to colon cancer WiDr cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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5. Tropical forages as a dietary alternative in fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.).

Author: Sánchez-Laiño, Adolfo, Torres-Navarrete, Emma Danielly, Buste- Castro, Franklin, Barrera-Álvarez, Alexandra, and Sánchez-Torres, Jeniffer
Subjects: ANIMAL nutrition, RABBITS, DRY matter in animal nutrition, WHITE mulberry, TITHONIA diversifolia, ANIMAL health
Abstract: Copyright of Acta Agronómica is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2018
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6. Potent apoptosis-inducing activity of erypoegin K, an isoflavone isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana, against human leukemia HL-60 cells.

Author: Hikita, Kiyomi, Hattori, Natsuki, Takeda, Aya, Yamakage, Yuko, Shibata, Rina, Yamada, Saori, Kato, Kuniki, Murata, Tomiyasu, Tanaka, Hitoshi, and Kaneda, Norio
Abstract: Erypoegin K is an isoflavone isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina poeppigiana. It contains a furan group at the A-ring of the core isoflavone structure and can inhibit the activity of glyoxalase I, an enzyme that catalyzes the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a by-product of glycolysis. In the present study, we found that erypoegin K has a potent cytotoxic effect on human leukemia HL-60 cells. Its cytotoxic effect was much stronger than that of a known glyoxalase I inhibitor S- p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester. Conversely, erypoegin K demonstrated weak cytotoxicity toward normal human peripheral lymphocytes. The treatment of HL-60 cells with erypoegin K significantly induced caspase-3 activity, whereas the pretreatment of the cells with caspase-3 inhibitor suppressed erypoegin K-induced cell death. Furthermore, nuclear condensation and apoptotic genome DNA fragmentation were observed in erypoegin K-treated HL-60 cells. These results indicated that the observed cell death was mediated by apoptosis. In addition, the toxic compound MG was highly accumulated in the culture medium of erypoegin K-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting that cell apoptosis was triggered by extracellular MG. The present study showed that erypoegin K has a potent apoptosis-inducing effect on cancerous cell lines, such as HL-60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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7. Cytotoxic Constituents from the Bark of Erythrina poeppigiana Against the MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Author: Unang Supratman, Tati Herlina, Mohd. Azlan, and Merlin
Subjects: Traditional medicine, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Complementary and alternative medicine, Breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, visual_art, Drug Discovery, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Erythrina poeppigiana, Cytotoxic T cell, Bark
Abstract: Background: Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) is a high-growing plant with an orange flower that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. This particular plant is widely used in traditional medicine for gynecological complications and the treatment of various diseases. There exists no previous information regarding cytotoxic compounds from this plant. Objective: This research is to isolate cytotoxic compounds from E. poeppigiana. Methods: The isolation step was carried out using a combination of chromatographic techniques to obtain isolated three compounds (1, 2, and 3). Results: The chemical structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and identified as β-erythroidine (1), 8-oxo-β-erythroidine (2), and 8-oxo-α-erythroidine (3). Compounds (1-3) showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer line with IC50 values of 36.8, 60.8 and 875.4 μM, respectively. Conclusion: Three compounds have been successfully isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae), showing cytotoxic properties against MCF-7 breast cancer line. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that the presence of enone moiety on compound 1 can reduce its cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 breast cancer line.
Published: 2020
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8. Comportamiento del hibrido de maíz DK-390 (Zea mays l.) bajo sombra de dos sistemas agroforestales multiestrato cedro (Cedrela odorata) y poró (Erythrina poeppigiana)

Author: Arcos Acosta, Mabel and Quiroz Guerra, Roberto
Subjects: CEDRELA ODORATA, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, ZEA MAYS L, SERVICIOS DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS, SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES, ODS 12 - Producción y consumo responsables, COSTA RICA, Sede Central, MAÍZ, BIOMASA, RADIACIÓN, ERYTHRINA POEPPIGIANA
Abstract: Tesis (M.Sc) –CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2022 La investigación se realizó en el cultivo de maíz (Zea maíz L) con el híbrido DK-390, a fin de determinar el comportamiento de las variables morfológicas cada 20 días después de siembra (DDS), el rendimiento en R3 (elote) a los 90 DDS y en madurez fisiológica a los 120 DDS, bajo dos tipos de sistemas agroforestales multiestrato (SAFM): sombra de cedro (Cedrela odorata) y sombra de poró (Erythrina poeppigiana). El estudio se llevó cabo en la Finca agrocomercial del Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), en el cantón de Turrialba, Provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica (Figura 1).El diseño experimental en campo fue bloques al azar con tres réplicas. Con el fin de estimar el efecto de la sombra sobre las variables de crecimiento y rendimiento, los tratamientos consistieron en dos niveles de sombra: SC, SP y T, distribuidos en un diseño experimental en bloques al azar con tres réplicas. Los datos recolectados en campo se sometieron a un análisis de varianza mediante el programa InfoStat. Los criterios de Akaike (AIC), Bayesianos (BIC) basados en verosimilitud, se utilizaron para la selección del modelo con el mejor ajuste (Rivera et al. 2015). Se realizó una comparación múltiple de medias de tratamientos mediante la prueba de LSD de Fisher (p ≤ 0.05).
Published: 2022

9. A new Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from Erythrina poeppigiana exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against bacteria

Author: Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi, Daniella Gorete Lourenço de Oliveira, Suellen Rodrigues Ramalho, Simone Schneider Weber, Simone Maria-Neto, Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo, Gemilson Soares Pontes, Alexandre José Macedo, Karina Margareti Alencar de Barros, and Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
Subjects: Trypsin inhibitor, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, RM1-950, Moths, Enterobacter aerogenes, medicine.disease_cause, Erythrina poeppigiana, Microbiology, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Ciprofloxacin, medicine, Animals, Erythrina, Pharmacology, Minimum bactericidal concentration, biology, Bacteria, Chemistry, Plant Extracts, Drug Synergism, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Peptidase inhibitor, Staphylococcus aureus, Adherence, Biofilms, Antibiofilm activity, Seeds, Antibacterial activity, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Trypsin Inhibitors, Enterobacter cloacae
Abstract: Erythrina poeppigiana belongs to Fabaceae family (subfamily Papillionoideae) and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions in Brazil. Herein, we described the purification and characterization of a new Kunitz-type inhibitor, obtained from E. poeppigiana seeds (EpTI). EpTI is composed by three isoforms of identical amino-terminal sequences with a molecular weight ranging from 17 to 20 kDa. The physicochemical features showed by EpTI are common to Kunitz inhibitors, including the dissociation constant (13.1 nM), stability against thermal (37–100 °C) and pH (2–10) ranging, and the presence of disulfide bonds stabilizing its reactive site. Furthermore, we investigated the antimicrobial, anti-adhesion, and anti-biofilm properties of EpTI against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The inhibitor showed antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 5–10 µM) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 10 µM for Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The combination of EpTI with ciprofloxacin showed a marked synergistic effect, reducing the antibiotic concentration by 150%. The increase in crystal violet uptake for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae strains was approximately 30% and 50%, respectively, suggesting that the bacteria plasma membrane is targeted by EpTI. Treatment with EpTI at 1x and 10 x MIC significantly reduced the biofilm formation and prompted the disruption of a mature biofilm. At MIC/2, EpTI decreased the bacterial adhesion to polystyrene surface within 2 h. Finally, EpTI showed low toxicity in animal model Galleria mellonella. Given its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties, the EpTI sequence might be used to design novel drug prototypes.
Published: 2021

10. Root biomass, turnover and net primary productivity of a coffee agroforestry system in Costa Rica: effects of soil depth, shade trees, distance to row and coffee age.

Author: Defrenet, Elsa, Roupsard, Olivier, den Meersche, Karel Van, Charbonnier, Fabien, Perez-Molina, Junior Pastor, Khac, Emmanuelle, Prieto, Ivan, Stokes, Alexia, Roumet, Catherine, Rapidel, Bruno, Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo, Vargas, Victor J., Robelo, Diego, Barquero, Alejandra, and Jourdan, Christophe
Subjects: *ALLOMETRY in plants, *PLANT root morphology, *BIODEGRADATION, *AGROFORESTRY, *TREE-rings, *COFFEE plantations
Abstract: * Background and Aims In Costa Rica, coffee (Coffea arabica) plants are often grown in agroforests. However, it is not known if shade-inducing trees reduce coffee plant biomass through root competition, and hence alter overall net primary productivity (NPP). We estimated biomass and NPP at the stand level, taking into account deep roots and the position of plants with regard to trees. * Methods Stem growth and root biomass, turnover and decomposition were measured in mixed coffee/tree (Erythrina poeppigiana) plantations. Growth ring width and number at the stem base were estimated along with stem basal area on a range of plant sizes. Root biomass and fine root density were measured in trenches to a depth of 4 m. To take into account the below-ground heterogeneity of the agroforestry system, fine root turnover was measured by sequential soil coring (to a depth of 30 cm) over 1 year and at different locations (in full sun or under trees and in rows/inter-rows). Allometric relationships were used to calculate NPP of perennial components, which was then scaled up to the stand level. * Key Results Annual ring width at the stem base increased up to 2-5 mm yr-1with plant age (over a 44-year period). Nearly all (92 %) coffee root biomass was located in the top 1-5 m, and only 8 % from 1-5 m to a depth of 4 m. Perennial woody root biomass was 16 t ha-1and NPP of perennial roots was 1-3 t ha-1yr-1. Fine root biomass (0-30 cm) was two-fold higher in the row compared with between rows. Fine root biomass was 2-29 t ha-1(12 % of total root biomass) and NPP of fine roots was 2-961 ha-1yr-1(69 % of total root NPP). Fine root turnover was 1-3 yr-1and lifespan was 0-8 years. * Conclusions Coffee root systems comprised 49 % of the total plant biomass; such a high ratio is possibly a con-sequence of shoot pruning. There was no significant effect of trees on coffee fine root biomass, suggesting that coffee root systems are very competitive in the topsoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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11. Caracterización de especies arbóreas asociadas al cultivo de café

Author: Ranferi Maldonado-Torres, Rubén Garza-Lau, José A. Torres-Rivera, and María Edna Álvarez-Sánchez
Subjects: Agronomy, Inga, Microclimate, Nitrogen fixation, Erythrina poeppigiana, General Medicine, Shading, Biology, Soil fertility, biology.organism_classification
Abstract: El cultivo de café en México se produce bajo sombra con diversos árboles, incluyendo algunas especies fijadoras de nitrógeno, en sistemas denominados agroforestales. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el año 2018 en el municipio de Huatusco, Veracruz y el objetivo fue caracterizar los sistemas agroforestales de Inga vera y Erythrina poeppigiana (una plantación joven y otra adulta) en asociación con café; a través, de la medición de sus características físicas, como edad del arbolado, altura, grosor de plantas de café, porcentaje de sombra y las características químicas del suelo y foliar. Posteriormente, los resultados se compararon con un sistema de café-Juglans pyriformis, para observar las diferencias nutricionales existentes entre plantaciones con leguminosas y no leguminosas. Con estos datos, se propuso el uso de Erythrina poeppigiana como sombreado de café, la cual contribuye a mejorar el microclima y la fertilidad del suelo mediante la fijación biológica de nitrógeno.
Published: 2020
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12. CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF a-ERYTHROIDINE FROM THE STEM BARK OF ERYTHRINA POEPPIGIANA AGAINST MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL LINE

Author: Supratman U, Herlina T, and Ambardhani N
Subjects: Stem bark, Breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, Chemistry, Cancer research, Erythrina poeppigiana, Cytotoxic T cell
Published: 2019
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13. Shade tree traits and microclimate modifications: Implications for pathogen management in biodiverse coffee agroforests

Author: Gagliardi, Stephanie, Avelino, Jacques, de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Isaac, Marney E., Gagliardi, Stephanie, Avelino, Jacques, de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, and Isaac, Marney E.
Abstract: Diversified coffee agroforests modify microclimate conditions in comparison with monocultures, impacting the success of significant plant pathogens, such as Hemileia vastatrix, which causes coffee leaf rust (CLR). However, research is often limited to the dichotomous analysis of shaded agroforestry systems or unshaded monocultures, often overlooking the nuanced effect of shade tree trait diversity. Our study aims to determine the cumulative effects of shade tree canopy architectural characteristics and leaf functional traits in biodiverse agroforests on microclimate modifications and CLR incidence. We measured plot-level microclimate conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness duration, throughfall kinetic energy) in three single-stratum and two double-strata shade tree canopy treatments, including Erythrina poeppigiana, Terminalia amazonia, and Chloroleucon eurycyclum. Commonly reported canopy characteristics and leaf traits were compared to average microclimate conditions and CLR incidence levels. We found that shade tree trait expression significantly explained most microclimate conditions, and that two key shade tree traits (canopy openness, leaf area) significantly explain CLR incidence levels (R2 = 0.211, p = 0.036). Our results highlight the differences in microclimate conditions and CLR incidence among biodiverse agroforests, as well as the important explanatory power of shade tree traits. Specific effects of shade tree traits on pathogen dynamics can directly inform agroforestry system design (i.e., shade tree species selection) and sustainable coffee farm management practices (i.e., pruning practices).
Published: 2021

14. Soil microbial and nutrient properties in the rhizosphere of coffee under agroforestry management.

Author: Munroe, J.W., Soto, G., de M. Virginio Filho, E., Fulthorpe, R., and Isaac, M.E.
Subjects: *SOIL microbiology, *RHIZOSPHERE, *COFFEE, *PLANT nutrition, *AGROFORESTRY
Abstract: The integration of shade trees in coffee production can positively contribute to increased yields in these cropping systems. However, little work has examined nutrient-microbial dynamics in the rhizosphere of coffee under shade trees. In this study, we compared nutrient concentrations and nitrifier populations in rhizosphere soil of coffee under shade and in monoculture as well as in rhizosphere versus bulk soils. Our study was performed in a low altitude, wet coffee zone of Costa Rica, at a 12-year-old agroforestry experimental farm with coffee ( Coffea arabica ) grown under full sun and under the commonly used dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixing shade tree, Erythrina poeppigiana . Rhizosphere and bulk soils were collected and analyzed for inorganic N, available P, exchangeable base cations and pH status. Real-time PCR was used to determine the relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We show a nutrient increase (11–158%), particularly nitrates, in the rhizosphere soil compared to bulk soil of coffee. Moreover, this accumulation was greater in the rhizosphere of coffee associated with E. poeppigiana than under monoculture. AOB abundance was strongly related to soil pH ( r = 0.83; P = 0.002) across both treatments, while AOB abundance varied with soil ammonium:nitrate ratios ( r = −0.82; P = 0.0420) exclusively under monoculture coffee. Our study, for the first time to our knowledge, illustrates soil nutrient differences and nutrient–microbial relationships under coffee in monoculture and in a N 2 -fixing shade tree system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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15. Intraspecific leaf economic trait variation partially explains coffee performance across agroforestry management regimes.

Author: Gagliardi, Stephanie, Martin, Adam R., Filho, Elias de M. Virginio, Rapidel, Bruno, and Isaac, Marney E.
Subjects: *AGRICULTURAL ecology, *COFFEE plantations, *AGROFORESTRY, *LEAF physiology, *PLANT species diversity, *PLANT communities
Abstract: The leaf economics spectrum (LES) refers to a suite of correlated leaf-level physiological, morphological, and chemical traits that can be used to describe life-history strategy among plant species. Documenting LES trait variation across environmental gradients has been important for understanding natural plant community dynamics in response to environmental change. However few studies have examined how LES traits covary within crops, or how the LES is correlated with farm-level management practices or goals, especially for important tree-crops such as coffee. We analyzed within-species variation in eight leaf traits in 60 Coffea arabica plants, across four management treatments differing in shade-tree species composition, to test (i) if hypothesized LES patterns also describe within-species trait variation, and (ii) if LES traits vary in response to management regimes, or are correlated with reproductive output. Leaf traits varied widely across coffee plants with photosynthetic rates ( A mass ) and leaf area showing especially high variation. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, coffee leaf traits covaried in patterns consistent with the LES, suggesting shifts between leaf-level resource acquisition and conservation traits among plants may also underpin coffee responses to agroforestry management. The position of a coffee plant along the LES (as described by a principal component analysis score) was best explained by light availability, but did not vary systematically with shade tree composition. LES traits were weakly but significantly related to plant-level reproductive output: coffee plants associated with lower A mass and leaf N values, and higher leaf mass per area were associated with greater reproductive output. In showing that the LES describes resource capture and/or conservation strategies among coffee plants, our study represents a novel adoption of the LES to address applied questions in managed systems. Since within species differences in leaf traits partially explain differences in coffee yield, we also suggest that trait-based research in agroecology can contribute to an applied and comprehensive understanding of crop functional biology, and ultimately, agroecosystem structure and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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16. Phenolic constituents from stem bark of Erythrina poeppigiana and their inhibitory activity on human glyoxalase I.

Author: Hikita, Kiyomi, Tanaka, Hitoshi, Murata, Tomiyasu, Kato, Kuniki, Hirata, Miyuki, Sakai, Tatsuko, and Kaneda, Norio
Abstract: A novel isoflavone, erythgianin A ( 1), along with nine known compounds 2- 10, was isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae). The unusual isoflavone structure of 1, possessing a highly oxidized 3″,4″-dihydroxy-2″-hydroxymethyl-2″-methyl-2″,3″-dihydropyrano substituent, was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity toward human glyoxalase I. Among the isolates, isolupalbigenin ( 10) with two prenyl groups showed the highest inhibitory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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17. Shade trees have higher impact on soil nutrient availability and food web in organic than conventional coffee agroforestry

Author: Thierry Becquer, Marie Sauvadet, Karel Van den Meersche, Clémentine Allinne, Philippe Tixier, Jean-Michel Harmand, Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Matthieu Chauvat, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE), UniLaSalle, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), World Agroforesty Centre, CGIAR, Partenaires INRAE, Agropolis Foundation, STRADIV project (no. 1504-003), and Agroforestry Systems with Perennial Crops Scientific Partnership Platform (PCP AFS-PC)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Biologie du sol, Arbre d'ombrage, Coffea, Agroforesterie, 010501 environmental sciences, Erythrina poeppigiana, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Nutrient, Soil food web, Soil functions, Soil pH, Waste Management and Disposal, 2. Zero hunger, Organic Agriculture, Agroforestry, Chaîne alimentaire, Forestry, Phosphorus, Coffea arabica, Nitrogen Cycle, Pollution, Food web, Terminalia, Costa Rica, Food Chain, Environmental Engineering, Management practices, Agriculture biologique, Soil fertility, Carbon Cycle, Species Specificity, Fertilité du sol, Environmental Chemistry, Agriculture traditionnelle, Shade type, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shade tree, P35 - Fertilité du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, K10 - Production forestière, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Conventional, intensively managed coffee plantations are currently facing environmental challenges. The use of shade trees and the organic management of coffee crops are welcome alternatives, aiming to reduce synthetic inputs and restore soil biological balance. However, little is known about the impacts of the different types of shade tree species on soil functioning and fauna. In this paper, we assess soil nutrient availability and food web structure on a 17-year old experimental coffee plantation in Turrialba in Costa Rica. Three shade types (unshaded coffee, shaded with Terminalia amazonia, and shaded with Erythrina poepiggiana) combined with two management practices (organic and conventional) were evaluated. Total C and N, inorganic N and Olsen P content, soil pH, global soil fertility, and nematode and microarthropod communities were measured in the top 10 cm soil layer, with the objective of determining how shade tree species impact the soil food web and soil C, N and P cycling under different types of management. We noted a decrease in soil inorganic N content and nematode density under conventional management (respectively -47% and -91% compared to organic management), which suggested an important biological imbalance, possibly caused by the lack of organic amendment. Under conventional management, soil nutrient availability and fauna densities were higher under shade, regardless of the shade tree species. Under organic management, only soils under E. poeppigiana, a heavily pruned. N-2 -fixing species, had increased nutrient availability and fauna density, while T amazonia shade had a null or negative impact. The effects of coffee management and shade type on soil nutrient availability were mirrored by changes in soil food web structure. Higher fertility was recorded in soil with balanced food webs. These results emphasize the importance of the choice of shade tree species for soil functions in low input systems, more so than in fertilized systems
Published: 2019
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18. El poró en la historia de la caficultura costarricense

Author: Luko Hilje Quirós
Subjects: Tree (data structure), Geography, biology, Inga, Agroforestry, Geographic origin, South american, Shade tree, Erythrina poeppigiana, biology.organism_classification
Abstract: Históricamente, la siembra del poró gigante o extranjero (Erythrina poeppigiana) como árbol de sombra en cafetales, ha sido una práctica agronómica común y de gran importancia en Costa Rica. Aunque se sabe que es de origen suramericano, no existe un documento específico que describa su origen geográfico exacto, así como por qué, cuándo y cómo fue introducido en Costa Rica. Por tanto, con base en varias fuentes, bastante dispersas, en este artículo se trata de contestar dichas preguntas, a la vez que sedescribe la manera en que la especie se diseminó y hasta desplazó a otras especies dominantes de leguminosas, como las guabas y los cuajiniquiles (Inga spp.), dependiendo de las diferentes regionescafetaleras del país. Asimismo, se identifica y reconoce a las personas e instituciones que hicieron posible este proceso.
Published: 2018
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19. Forrajes tropicales como alternativa alimenticia en conejos de engorde (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

Author: Sánchez-Laiño, Adolfo, Torres-Navarrete, Emma Danielly, Buste-Castro, Franklin, Barrera-Álvarez, Alexandra, and Sánchez-Torres, Jeniffer
Subjects: lcsh:Agriculture, nutrition, cunicultura, Tithonia diversifolia, lcsh:S, nutrición, cuniculture, Erythrina poeppigiana, raza Nueva Zelanda, Morus alba, New Zealand breed
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the tropical forages morera (Morus alba L.), caraca (Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F.Cook and gold button (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray) as an alternative food source for fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) and its effect on their productive behavior. The experiment was carried out in the minor species program of Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. In this study was evaluated New Zealand male rabbits of 35 days of age and with an average weight of 475.47 ± 74.23 g, distributed in four treatments with six replicates in a complete block design. Treatments evaluated were as follows: T1: commercial concentrate ad libitum (control); T2: commercial concentrate 50 g + morera ad libitum; T3: commercial concentrate 50 g + caraca ad libitum, and T4: commercial concentrate 50 g + gold button ad libitum. To identify significant difference among treatments, an analysis of variance and aTukey's multiple range test (P
Published: 2018

20. Microclimate estimation under different coffee-based agroforestry systems using full-sun weather data and shade tree characteristics

Author: Jacques Avelino, Isabelle Merle, Rogelio Villarreyna-Acuña, Christian Cilas, Fabienne Ribeyre, Olivier Roupsard, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche et à la Stratégie (Cirad-Dgdrs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), 'Programa Centroamericano de Gestión Integral de la Roya del Café' (PROCAGICA) funded by the EU (DCI-ALA/2015/365-17)., and Ernesto Illy Foundation and CIRAD (Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Microclimate, Coffea, Plant Science, Erythrina poeppigiana, 01 natural sciences, Cordia alliodora, santé des plantes, Leaf wetness, 2. Zero hunger, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Understory, Plant disease, Shade tree height, Microclimat, Soil Science, Light gap, Canopy openness, systèmes agroforestiers, Sunlight, Modélisation des cultures, Shade tree, Modeling, Daily extreme temperatures, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, Light gap distribution, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, H50 - Troubles divers des plantes, Daily coffee leaf wetness duration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; In Central America, coffee is mainly grown in agroforestry systems. This practice modifies the microclimate, which, in turn, influences coffee growth and development. However, modeling these microclimate modifications is a challenge when trying to predict the development of a disease in the understory crop, based on variables usually monitored in weather stations exposed to full sunlight. Furthermore, critical variables for plant disease development, such as leaf wetness duration and leaf temperatures, are generally not measured by weather stations. In our study, we sought to build models explaining daily minimum and maximum coffee leaf temperatures, daily coffee leaf wetness duration, and minimum and maximum air temperatures in agroforestry systems with a single shade tree species, which are common in Central America, and which were characterized by shade tree height, canopy openness and light gap distribution. The modeled variables were mainly explained by one or more meteorological variables provided by reference weather stations exposed to full sunlight. The presence of shade trees resulted in a buffer effect, reducing daily maximum air and leaf temperatures, and increasing daily minimum air and leaf temperatures. Moreover, except for the daily minimum air temperature under shade, shade tree characteristics affected these microclimatic variables. Indeed, the buffer effect on the daily maximum air temperature increased with shade trees 7 m tall or over, whereas for extreme leaf temperatures, this effect seemed to be further intensified by a dense and homogeneous canopy. The tallest shade trees also tended to provide conditions that reduced coffee leaf wetness duration. The coffee leaf stratum affected the daily maximum leaf temperature, with a top layer intercepting radiation for the lower strata, but had no effect on the daily minimum leaf temperature, detected at night. The models developed were simple equations allowing interpretation of shade tree height, the effects of canopy characteristics on the microclimate and were therefore useful for designing and managing agroforestry system. The more accurate models could be incorporated into an early warning system for coffee pests and diseases in the region.
Published: 2022
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21. Productivity of Theobroma cacao agroforestry systems with timber or legume service shade trees.

Author: Somarriba, Eduardo and Beer, John
Subjects: AGROFORESTRY research, AGRICULTURAL productivity, CORDIA alliodora, CACAO growers, LEGUMES, TIMBER
Abstract: Timber production and cocoa yields were studied (initial 10-11 years) in two experimental plantations: a Cocoa-Legume system (CL, Erythrina poeppigiana, Gliricidia sepium or Inga edulis), and a Cocoa-Timber system (CT, Cordia alliodora, Tabebuia rosea or Terminalia ivorensis, plus I. edulis for inter-site comparisons). These trials had two major goals: (1) to evaluate the use of mono-specific timber shade canopies as an alternative to traditional, mono-specific, legume service shade tree canopies; and (2) to determine the production potential of ten cocoa clonal bi-crosses under these shade tree species. Within each site, shade tree species did not influence dry cocoa bean yield nor pod counts (total number of pods produced, number of healthy pods harvested, pod losses due to monilia [ Moniliophthora roreri], black pod [ Phytophthora palmivora] or other causes-birds and squirrels in this study-, and total pod losses). Significant differences were found between cocoa bi-crosses for both cocoa bean yield and pod counts. Sites differed only in terms of total pod losses (43% in CL; 54% in CT) and their causal factors (mainly monilia in CL; both monilia, squirrels and birds in CT). At CT, all timber tree species grew rapidly, reaching 30-34 cm dbh, 17-25 m total tree height and 97-172 m ha total stem volume (age 10 years). Timber species should be promoted for the shade component of cacao plantations given their potential production and the fact that their presence did not negatively affect cocoa yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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22. Estrogenic properties of naturally occurring prenylated isoflavones in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells: Structure–activity relationships

Author: Djiogue, Sefirin, Njamen, Dieudonné, Halabalaki, Maria, Kretzschmar, Georg, Beyer, Antje, Mbanya, Jean-Claude, Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros, and Vollmer, Günter
Subjects: *ESTROGEN receptors, *ISOFLAVONES, *CANCER cells, *CELL lines, *STRUCTURE-activity relationships, *ERYTHRINA, *GENE expression
Abstract: Abstract: Eight isoflavones derivatives, with isoprenyl and/or 7-methoxy substitution, isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana (Fabaceae) have been investigated for their estrogenic properties in receptor subtype-specific reporter gene assays. First we focused on their estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) selectivity, second we addressed structure–activity relationships, using bone-derived human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS cells) stably expressing ERα or transiently expressing ERβ. Our results show that a substitution at position 3′ together with a 7-methoxy substitution on the genistein skeleton is associated with a statistically significant activation of the ERα- and ERβ-dependent reporter gene expression in U2OS cells starting from 0.1nM. Particularly, the 7-methoxy-3′-isoprenyl (1) and the 7-methoxy-3′-(3-methyl-2-hydroxybuten-3-yl) (3) derivatives of genistein induces an ERα- and ERβ-coupled luciferase activity at a concentration ten times lower than that of genistein, for which a statistically significant effect was observable at 1nM. On the other hand, isoprenyl substitution at position 6 of the A ring, compound 5, seems to have very little impact on the genistein ability to induce ER-coupled luciferase activity in U2OS cells, while a double prenylation at positions 8 and 3′, compound 7, is associated with an almost complete loss of function on the reporter gene activation in U2OS-ERα, but in ERβ expressing system the effectiveness remains on a statistically significant level, demonstrating an “exclusive ERβ-selectivity” in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells, and therefore 7 can be considered as an isotype-selective ER ligand. Finally all the tested isoflavones derivatives appear to exhibit a slightly pronounced ERβ preference, depending upon the position and the nature of the substituent moiety on the isoflavone skeleton. The estrogen-like effect of these prenylated isoflavone derivatives could be inhibited by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182 780, indicating that these effects were primarily mediated through ERs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2010
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23. Effect of farm diversity on harvesting of coffee leaves by the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes.

Author: Varón, Edgar H., Eigenbrode, Sanford D., Bosque-Pérez, Nilsa A., and Hilje, Luko
Subjects: *AGROFORESTRY, *COFFEE, *ERYTHRINA, *LEAF-cutting ants, *FARM management, *AGRICULTURE
Abstract: 1 In Mesoamerica, shade trees are often included within coffee ( Coffea arabica) agroforestry systems. Shade trees potentially protect the main crop by increasing vegetational diversity and reducing insect herbivory through one or more mechanisms. 2 The effect of on-farm vegetational diversity on harvesting of coffee leaves by the leaf-cutting ant, Atta cephalotes L., was examined on 15 coffee farms varying in vegetational diversity near Turrialba, Costa Rica. The farms ranged from coffee monocultures to complex-shade coffee systems with three or more tree species present. The vegetational diversity of each farm was quantified using a leaf area index. 3 The species composition and biomass of the plant material being carried into colonies by ants was collected, identified to species, and its biomass was quantified four times during one year for at least two colonies in each of the 15 farms. 4 The proportion of plant biomass that was coffee being retrieved by A. cephalotes differed significantly among farm management types, and was highest (40%) in monocultures and lowest (< 1%) in farms with complex shade. Coffee was always harvested in a lower proportion than predicted based upon its relative abundance on the farms. 5 In dual-choice bioassays with laboratory colonies, A. cephalotes significantly preferred the leaves of the predominant shade tree species on the farms, poró ( Erythrina poeppigiana) over coffee. 6 The results indicate risk of injury by A. cephalotes can be reduced in vegetationally diverse coffee agroecosystems due at least in part to a foraging preference by the ants for plants other than coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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24. Dinitrogen-fixation by three neotropical agroforestry tree species under semi-controlled field conditions.

Author: Leblanc, Humberto A., McGraw, Robert L., and Nygren, Pekka
Subjects: *AGRICULTURAL research, *NITROGEN fixation, *LEGUMES, *AGROFORESTRY, *TILLAGE, *PLANT species, *AGRICULTURAL climatology, *MASS spectrometry
Abstract: Cultivating dinitrogen-fixing legume trees with crops in agroforestry is a relatively common N management practice in the Neotropics. The objective of this study was to assess the N2 fixation potential of three important Neotropical agroforestry tree species, Erythrina poeppigiana, Erythrina fusca, and Inga edulis, under semi-controlled field conditions. The study was conducted in the humid tropical climate of the Caribbean coastal plain of Costa Rica. In 2002, seedlings of I. edulis and Vochysia guatemalensis were planted in one-meter-deep open-ended plastic cylinders buried in soil within hedgerows of the same species. Overall tree spacing was 1 × 4 m to simulate a typical alley-cropping design. The 15N was applied as (NH4)2SO4 at 10% 15N atom excess 15 days after planting at the rate of 20 kg [N] ha−1. In 2003, seedlings of E. poeppigiana, E. fusca, and V. guatemalensis were planted in the same field using the existing cylinders. The 15N application was repeated at the rate of 20 kg [N] ha−1 15 days after planting and 10 kg [N] ha−1 was added three months after planting. Trees were harvested 9 months after planting in both years. The 15N content of leaves, branches, stems, and roots was determined by mass spectrometry. The percentage of atmospheric N fixed out of total N (%Nf) was calculated based on 15N atom excess in leaves or total biomass. The difference between the two calculation methods was insignificant for all species. Sixty percent of I. edulis trees fixed N2; %Nf was 57% for the N2-fixing trees. Biomass production and N yield were similar in N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing I. edulis. No obvious cause was found for why not all I. edulis trees fixed N2. All E. poeppigiana and E. fusca trees fixed N2; %Nf was ca. 59% and 64%, respectively. These data were extrapolated to typical agroforestry systems using published data on N recycling by the studied species. Inga edulis may recycle ca. 100 kg ha−1 a−1 of N fixed from atmosphere to soil if only 60% of trees fix N2, E. poeppigiana 60–160 kg ha−1 a−1, and E. fusca ca. 80 kg ha−1 a−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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25. Different antibacterial actions of isoflavones isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Author: Sato, M., Tanaka, H., Tani, N., Nagayama, M., and Yamaguchi, R.
Subjects: *ISOFLAVONES, *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, *LEGUMES, *ACETONE, *DICHLOROMETHANE, *BACTERIAL growth, *METHICILLIN
Abstract: Aims: To screen six isoflavones isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) for their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods and Results: Stem bark of E. poeppigiana was macerated with acetone and the methylene chloride-soluble fraction of the residue was applied to repeated silica gel column chromatography and eluted. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by a broth dilution method. Inactive compounds that failed inhibiting bacterial growth at 25 μg ml−1 were further investigated for their combination effects with methicillin and oxacillin. Of the isolated isoflavones, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-8,3′-di( γ, γ-dimethylallyl)isoflavone (isolupalbigenin) exhibited the highest anti-MRSA activity (MICs: 1·56–3·13 μg ml−1; MBCs: 6·25–12·5 μg ml−1), followed by 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6- γ, γ-dimethylallylisoflavone (erythrinin B). Inactive compounds were combined with methicillin or oxacillin, 5,4′-dihydroxy-(3′′,4′′-dihydro-3′′-hydroxy)-2′′,2′′-dimethylpyrano[5′′,6′′:6,7]isoflavone (M-Wi-2) intensifying the susceptibility of MRSA strains to these antibiotics. In all but one strain, the MIC values of methicillin were reduced from ≥100 to 6·25–12·5 μg ml−1 in the presence of M-Wi-2 (25 μg ml−1). Conclusions: Isoflavones from E. poeppigiana showed two different antibacterial activities against MRSA: direct growth inhibition and intensification of methicillin sensitivity. Significance and Impact of the Study: Isolupalbigenin and M-Wi-2 could lead to the development of compounds for new approaches against MRSA infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006
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26. Above- and below-ground carbon inputs in 19-, 10- and 4-year-old Costa Rican Alley cropping systems

Author: Oelbermann, Maren, Voroney, R. Paul, Kass, Donald C.L., and Schlönvoigt, Andrea M.
Subjects: *HEDGEROW intercropping, *AGRICULTURE, *SOIL management, *AGRICULTURAL wastes
Abstract: Carbon (C) input from tree prunings and crop residues help to maintain the soil organic C pool in tropical agroforestry systems. This study quantified the C stock of tree roots and C input from tree prunings and crop residues in 19-, 10- and 4-year-old Erythrina poeppigiana and Gliricidia sepium alley cropping systems in Costa Rica. The 19-year-old alley cropping system was studied at two fertilizer levels (tree prunings only [-N], and tree prunings plus chicken manure [+N]), and was compared to a sole crop. The 10- and 4-year-old systems were also studied at two fertilizer levels (tree prunings only [-A], and tree prunings plus Arachis pintoi as a groundcover [+A]), and compared to a sole crop. In the 19-year-old system C input from G. sepium was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared to E. peoppigiana, but for both tree species there was no significant difference between +N and -N treatments. For the 10- and 4-year-old systems, E. poeppigiana had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) C input from prunings compared to G. sepium, and the presence of A. pintoi increased pruning biomass productivity significantly in these systems. Tree roots of 10- (4527 kg C ha-1) and 4-year-old (3667 kg C ha-1) E. poeppigiana represented 16 and 28% of the total C allocation. Carbon input from maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues were not significantly different (P < 0.05) between alley crops and sole crops in the 19-year-old system per unit of cropped land. In this system, +N treatments had a significantly greater (P < 0.05) C input from bean residue than in -N treatments, but no such trend was observed for maize residues. Carbon input from maize and bean residues were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in alley crops than the sole crops, but not significantly different (P < 0.05) between +A and -A treatments in the younger system. The greatest input of organic material occurred in the 19-year-old alley crop followed by the 10- and 4-year-old alley crops. This additional input of organic material in alley crops, mostly derived from tree prunings, will help to maintain or increase the level of the soil organic carbon pool. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2005
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27. Antibacterial properties of a new isoflavonoid from Erythrina poeppigiana against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Author: Tanaka, H., Sato, M., Oh-Uchi, T., Yamaguchi, R., Etoh, H., Shimizu, H., Sako, M., and Takeuchi, H.
Abstract: Summary: A new isoflavonoid, together with four known isoflavonoids, was isolated from the roots of Erythrina poeppigiana. The chemical structure was determined by extensive spectroscopic studies, and then its antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated. The new isoflavonoid was identified as 3,9-dihyroxy- 10-γ,γ-dimethylallyl- 6a,11a- dehydropterocarpan (compound 1). Compound 1 inhibited bacterial growth most potently of the five isolates, and had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 μg/ml against thirteen MRSA strains. Inhibitory activity was based on bactericidal action and viable cell number reduced by approximately 1/10,000 after 4 h incubation with compound 1. Despite intense bactericidal action against MRSA, compound 1 never resulted in leakage of 260 nm-absorbing substances from bacterial cells. Compound 1 (12.5 μg/ml) completely inhibited incorporation of radio-labeled thymidine, uridine and leucine into MRSA cells. Although glucose incorporation was also markedly inhibited by the compound, the amount of glucose incorporated by bacterial cells increased gradually with incubation time. These findings suggest that compound 1 exhibits anti-MRSA activity by interfering with incorporation of metabolites and nutrients into bacterial cells or by affecting the nucleic acids of MRSA cells. Furthermore, this new compound could be a potent phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2004
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28. DynACof: A process-based model to study growth, yield and ecosystem services of coffee agroforestry systems

Author: Eric J. Alfaro, Hugo G. Hidalgo, Denis Loustau, Pablo Imbach, Céline Blitz-Frayret, Rémi Vezy, Olivier Roupsard, Selena Georgiou, Fabien Charbonnier, Mathias Christina, Peter Lehner, Guerric Le Maire, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Cafetalera Aquiares, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), ANR-13-AGRO-0005,MACACC,Modélisation pour l'accompagnement des ACteurs, vers l'Adaptation des Couverts pérennes ou agroforestiers aux Changements globaux(2013), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), ECOSUR Unidad Chetumal, EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Coffea, Agroforesterie, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Erythrina poeppigiana, Ecosystem services, Water balance, santé des plantes, Coffee agroforestry, Crop model, Agroforestry systems, 2. Zero hunger, biology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Agroforestry, Ecological Modeling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Coffea arabica, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Rendement des cultures, Plant-to-plot scale, Costa Rica, Environmental Engineering, Climate change, Sensible heat, MAESPA, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Modélisation des cultures, Shade tree, Primary production, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, services écosystémiques, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, GPP, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Software
Abstract: The DynACof model was designed to model coffee agroforestry systems and study the trade-offs to e.g. optimize the system facing climate changes. The model simulates net primary productivity (NPP), growth, yield, mortality, energy and water balance of coffee agroforestry systems according to shade tree species and management. Several plot-scale ecosystem services are simulated by the model, such as production, canopy cooling effect, or potential C sequestration. DynACof uses metamodels derived from a detailed 3D process-based model (MAESPA) to account for complex spatial effects, while running fast. It also includes a coffee flower bud and fruit cohort module to better distribute fruit carbon demand over the year, a key feature to obtain a realistic competition between sinks. The model was parameterized and evaluated using a highly comprehensive database on a coffee agroforestry experimental site in Costa Rica. The fluxes simulated by the model were close to the measurements over a 5-year period (nRMSE = 26.27 for gross primary productivity; 28.22 for actual evapo-transpiration, 53.91 for sensible heat flux and 15.26 for net radiation), and DynACof satisfactorily simulated the yield, NPP, mortality and carbon stock for each coffee organ type over a 35-year rotation. Agence Nationale de la Recherche/[ANR-13-AGRO-0005]/ANR/Francia Montpellier Bioinformatics Biodiversity/[ANR-10-LABX-0004]/MBB/Francia UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Física
Published: 2020
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29. An arylbenzofuran and four isoflavonoids from the roots of Erythrina poeppigiana

Author: Tanaka, Hitoshi, Oh-Uchi, Tomoko, Etoh, Hideo, Sako, Magoichi, Sato, Masaru, Fukai, Toshio, and Tateishi, Yoichi
Subjects: *LEGUMES, *ERYTHRINA, *BENZOFURAN
Abstract: An arylbenzofuran, erypoegin F and four isoflavonoids, erypoegins G–J, together with six known compounds were isolated from the roots of Erythrina poeppigiana, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Erypoegin F is a rare 2-arylbenzofuran possessing a formyl group from a natural source, and erypoegin I is the first naturally occurring isoflavonoid with a 2-oxo-3-methylbutyl group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Published: 2003
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30. Cytotoxic Activity of Alpinumisoflavone from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) Against Colon Cancer (WiDr), Cervical Cancer (Hela), and Hepatoma Cancer (HepG2) Cells

Author: Nayla Haraswati, Vicki Nishinarizki, Tati Herlina, Riza Apriani, Unang Supratman, and Shabarni Gaffar
Subjects: Cervical cancer, alpinumisoflavone, biology, Colorectal cancer, QH301-705.5, Cell, Cancer, Alpinumisoflavone, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Erythrina poeppigiana, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, digestive system diseases, HeLa, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, medicine, Cancer research, Cytotoxic T cell, Biology (General), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, IC50, cytotoxic activity
Abstract: Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in the world. Anticancer prevention used can cause undesirable things. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites derived from natural products that are useful for anticancer treatment. This study was performed to observe the cytotoxic activity of alpinumisoﬂavone from Erythrina poeppigiana, toward cervical cancer (Hela), colon cancer (WiDr), and hepatoma cancer (HepG2) cells. The cytotoxic activity of alpinumisoﬂavone was tested using (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The percentage of cell mortality was calculated and the IC50 was calculated using probit analysis. The result shown that alpinumisoﬂavone has antiproliferative eﬀect to colon cancer (WiDr), cervical cancer (Hela), and hepatoma cancer (HepG2) cells with the value of IC50 are 5.63, 7.18, and 18.08 µg/ml, respectively. Based on the value of IC50 alpinumisoﬂavone is very cytotoxic to colon cancer WiDr cell.
Published: 2019

31. Erythroidine Alkaloids: A Novel Class of Phytoestrogens.

Author: Djiogue, Sefirin, Halabalaki, Maria, Njamen, Dieudonné, Kretzschmar, Georg, Hoepping, Josephine, Raffaelli, Francesca M., Mikros, Emmanuel, Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros, Vollmer, Günter, and Lambrinidis, George
Subjects: *ALKALOIDS, *ANALYSIS of variance, *MEDICINAL plants, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *RESEARCH funding, *STATISTICS, *PHYTOESTROGENS, *DATA analysis
Abstract: Erythrina poeppigiana is a medicinal plant which iswidely used in Asia, Latin America, and Africa in traditional remedies for gynecological complications and maladies. In continuation of studies for the discovery of novel phytoestrogens, four erythroidine alkaloids, namely α-erythroidine, β-erythroidine, and their oxo-derivatives 8-oxo-α-erythroidine and 8-oxo-β-erythroidine, were isolated and structurally characterized from the methanolic extract of the stembark of E. poeppigiana. Due to the high amounts of erythroidines in the extract and considering the widespread utilization of Erythrina preparations in traditional medicine, the exploration of their estrogenic properties was performed. The estrogenicity of the isolated erythroidines was assayed in various estrogen receptor-(ER)-dependent test systems, including receptor binding affinity, cell culture based ER-dependent reporter gene assays, and gene expression studies in cultured cells using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. α-Erythroidine and β-erythroidine showed binding affinity values for ERα of 0.015 ± 0.010% and 0.005 ± 0.010%, respectively, whereas only β-erythroidine bound to ERβ (0.006 ± 0.010%). In reporter gene assays, both erythroidines exhibited a significant dose-dependent estrogenic stimulation of ER-dependent reporter gene activity in osteosarcoma cells detectable already at 10 nM. Results were confirmed in the MVLN cells, a bioluminescent variant of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Further, α-erythroidine and β-erythroidine both induced the enhanced expression of the specific ERα-dependent genes trefoil factor-1 and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 3 in MCF-7 cells, confirming estrogenicity. Additionally, using molecular docking simulations, a potential mode of binding on ERα, is proposed, supporting the experimental evidences. This is the first time that an estrogenic profile is reported for erythroidine alkaloids, potentially a new class of phytoestrogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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32. A new Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from Erythrina poeppigiana exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against bacteria.

Author: Alencar de Barros, Karina Margareti, Sardi, Janaina de Cássia Orlandi, Maria-Neto, Simone, Macedo, Alexandre José, Ramalho, Suellen Rodrigues, Lourenço de Oliveira, Daniella Gorete, Pontes, Gemilson Soares, Weber, Simone Schneider, Ramalho de Oliveira, Caio Fernando, and Macedo, Maria Lígia Rodrigues
Subjects: *TRYPSIN inhibitors, *ENTEROBACTER aerogenes, *GREATER wax moth, *CELL membranes, *KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae, *BACTERIA, *GRAM-positive bacteria, *TRYPSIN
Abstract: Erythrina poeppigiana belongs to Fabaceae family (subfamily Papillionoideae) and is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions in Brazil. Herein, we described the purification and characterization of a new Kunitz-type inhibitor, obtained from E. poeppigiana seeds (EpTI). EpTI is composed by three isoforms of identical amino-terminal sequences with a molecular weight ranging from 17 to 20 kDa. The physicochemical features showed by EpTI are common to Kunitz inhibitors, including the dissociation constant (13.1 nM), stability against thermal (37–100 °C) and pH (2–10) ranging, and the presence of disulfide bonds stabilizing its reactive site. Furthermore, we investigated the antimicrobial, anti-adhesion, and anti-biofilm properties of EpTI against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The inhibitor showed antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 5–10 µM) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 10 µM for Enterobacter aerogenes , Enterobacter cloacae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The combination of EpTI with ciprofloxacin showed a marked synergistic effect, reducing the antibiotic concentration by 150%. The increase in crystal violet uptake for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae strains was approximately 30% and 50%, respectively, suggesting that the bacteria plasma membrane is targeted by EpTI. Treatment with EpTI at 1x and 10 x MIC significantly reduced the biofilm formation and prompted the disruption of a mature biofilm. At MIC/2, EpTI decreased the bacterial adhesion to polystyrene surface within 2 h. Finally, EpTI showed low toxicity in animal model Galleria mellonella. Given its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties, the EpTI sequence might be used to design novel drug prototypes. [Display omitted] • Kunitz inhibitor with antimicrobial properties was purified from E. poeppigiana seeds. • EpTI inhibitor has low toxicity in vivo in Galleria mellonella. • EpTI has antibacterial anti-adhesion property. • EpTI has the ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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33. Shade tree species impacts on soil nutrient availability and food web in conventional and organic coffee agroforestry

Author: Sauvadet, Marie, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Allinne, Clémentine, Gay, Frédéric, Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo, Chauvat, Matthieu, Becquer, Thierry, Tixier, Philippe, Harmand, Jean-Michel, Sauvadet, Marie, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Allinne, Clémentine, Gay, Frédéric, Virginio Filho, Elias de Melo, Chauvat, Matthieu, Becquer, Thierry, Tixier, Philippe, and Harmand, Jean-Michel
Abstract: Conventional, intensively managed coffee monocultures are environmentally damaging. The use of shade trees and organic management are welcome options to reduce coffee physiological stress, reduce synthetic inputs and restore soil biological balance. However, whether the effects of shade trees on soil functioning would be similar for different coffee management practices should be investigated. Here, we measured soil total C and N, inorganic N, Olsen P, pH, biomass produced in bioassay, nematode and microarthropod communities under three shade types (unshaded coffee, shaded with Terminalia amazonia, and shaded with Erythrina poepiggiana) combined with two management practices (organic and conventional) in a 17- year old experimental coffee plantation in Turrialba (Costa Rica). Under conventional management, soil nutrient availability and fauna densities were higher under shade, regardless of the shade tree species (Fig 1). Under organic management, only Erythrina, a heavily pruned, N2-fixing species, had increased soil nutrient availability and fauna density, while Terminalia shade had a null or negative impact. Soil N availability was linked to bacteria-feeding nematodes while soil P availability was more linked to detritivorous microarthropods. Higher fertility was recorded in soil with balanced foodwebs. This study highlights the importance of the choice of shade tree species for soil fertility in low input systems, more so than in fertilized systems.
Published: 2019

34. Suivi des services écosystémiques dans un observatoire de caféiers agroforestiers. Applications pour la filière du café

Author: Roupsard, Olivier, Allinne, Clémentine, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Vaast, Philippe, Rapidel, Bruno, Avelino, Jacques, Jourdan, Christophe, Le Maire, Guerric, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Harmand, Jean-Michel, Dauzat, Jean, Albrecht, Alain, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Barthès, Bernard, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Gomez Delgado, Federico, Charbonnier, Fabien, Benegas, Laura, Welsh, Kristen, Kinoshita, Rintaro, Vezy, Rémi, Pérez-Molina, Junior Pastor, Kim, J., Taugourdeau, Simon, Defrenet, Elsa, Nespoulous, Jérôme, Rançon, Florian, Guidat, Florian, Cambou, Aurélie, Soma, Maxime, Mages, C., Schnabel, Florian, Prieto, Iván, Picart, Delphine, Duthoit, Maxime, Rocheteau, Alain, Do, Frédéric C., de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Moussa, Rachida, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Valentin, Christian, Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo, Roumet, Catherine, Stokes, Alexia, Vierling, Lee A., Eitel, Jan U.H., Dreyer, Erwin, Saint-André, L., Malmer, Anders, Loustau, Denis, Isaac, Marney E., Martin, Adam R., Priemé, A., Elberling, Bo, Madsen, Mikael, Robelo, A., Robelo, Diego, Borgonovo, Carlos, Lehner, Peter, Ramirez, Guillermo, Jara, Manuel, Acuna Vargas, R., Barquero, Alejandra, Fonseca, Carlos, Gay, Frédéric, Roupsard, Olivier, Allinne, Clémentine, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Vaast, Philippe, Rapidel, Bruno, Avelino, Jacques, Jourdan, Christophe, Le Maire, Guerric, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Harmand, Jean-Michel, Dauzat, Jean, Albrecht, Alain, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Barthès, Bernard, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Gomez Delgado, Federico, Charbonnier, Fabien, Benegas, Laura, Welsh, Kristen, Kinoshita, Rintaro, Vezy, Rémi, Pérez-Molina, Junior Pastor, Kim, J., Taugourdeau, Simon, Defrenet, Elsa, Nespoulous, Jérôme, Rançon, Florian, Guidat, Florian, Cambou, Aurélie, Soma, Maxime, Mages, C., Schnabel, Florian, Prieto, Iván, Picart, Delphine, Duthoit, Maxime, Rocheteau, Alain, Do, Frédéric C., de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Moussa, Rachida, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Valentin, Christian, Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo, Roumet, Catherine, Stokes, Alexia, Vierling, Lee A., Eitel, Jan U.H., Dreyer, Erwin, Saint-André, L., Malmer, Anders, Loustau, Denis, Isaac, Marney E., Martin, Adam R., Priemé, A., Elberling, Bo, Madsen, Mikael, Robelo, A., Robelo, Diego, Borgonovo, Carlos, Lehner, Peter, Ramirez, Guillermo, Jara, Manuel, Acuna Vargas, R., Barquero, Alejandra, Fonseca, Carlos, and Gay, Frédéric
Abstract: Huit ans de travaux de recherche sur les services écosystémiques dans une grande ferme caféière du Costa Rica (observatoire collaboratif Coffee-Flux, en système agroforestier à base de caféiers sous de grands arbres d'Erythrina poeppigiana, surface projetée de couronne de l'ordre de 16 %) ont suggéré plusieurs applications pour les agriculteurs et les décideurs. Il est apparu que de nombreux services écosystémiques dépendaient des propriétés du sol (ici des Andisols), en particulier de l'érosion, de l'infiltration, de la capacité de stockage de l'eau et des éléments nutritifs. Nous confirmons qu'il est essentiel de lier les services hydrologiques et de conservation au type de sol en présence. Une densité adéquate d'arbres d'ombrage (plutôt faible ici) permet de réduire la sévérité des maladies foliaires avec, en perspective, une réduction de l'usage de pesticides-fongicides. Un simple inventaire de la surface basale au collet des caféiers permet d'estimer la biomasse souterraine et la moyenne d'âge d'une plantation de caféiers, ce qui permet d'évaluer sa valeur marchande ou de planifier son remplacement. Le protocole de calcul actuel pour la neutralité carbone des systèmes agroforestiers ne prend en compte que les arbres d'ombrage, pas la culture intercalaire. Dans la réalité, si on inclut les caféiers, on se rapproche très probablement de la neutralité. Des évaluations plus complètes, incluant les arbres, les caféiers, la litière, le sol et les racines dans le bilan en carbone du système agroforestier sont proposées. Les arbres d'ombrage offrent de nombreux servies écosystémiques s'ils sont gérés de manière adéquate dans le contexte local. Par rapport aux parcelles en plein soleil, nous montrons qu'ils réduisent l'érosion laminaire d'un facteur 2, augmentent la fixation de l'azote (N2) atmosphérique et le pourcentage d'azote recyclé dans le système, réduisant ainsi les besoins en engrais. Ils réduisent aussi la sévérité des maladies foliaires, augmentent la séquest
Published: 2019

35. Digestibility and digestible energy of five tropical forage tree legumes

Author: Alejandrina Sotelo M, Mariella van Heurck, Edgar Norabuena M, Carlos Contreras M, Roxana Castañeda S, and Luz Bullón C
Subjects: Stylozanthes guianensis, biology, ved/biology, tropical legumes, Energía digestible, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Centrocema macrocarpum, biology.organism_classification, Digestible energy, Erythrina poeppigiana, Arachis pintoi, leguminosa tropical, Animal science, digestibilidad, digestibility, cuyes, Pueraria phaseoloides, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, guinea pig, General Environmental Science
Abstract: El experimento fue conducido para determinar los coeficientes de digestibilidad y la energía digestible del Arachis pintoi, Stylozanthes guianensis, Erythrina poeppigiana, Centrocema macrocarpum y Pueraria phaseoloides. Se empleo el método directo, usando el mismo forraje como único alimento. El experimento tuvo dos fases, una de adaptación y una de colección de heces, con una duración de 15 y 5 días, respectivamente. Se utilizaron 25 cuyes machos en etapa de crecimiento distribuidos de tal manera que 5 cuyes correspondieron a cada leguminosa tropical evaluada. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad de los nutrientes del Arachis pintoi (51,96, 56,80, 29,46 y 71,32 por ciento de digestibilidad de la materia seca, proteína cruda, fibra cruda y extracto libre de nitrógeno, respectivamente) fueron cuantitativamente superiores a los otros tratamientos a excepción de la ceniza. Asimismo, los valores de energía digestible (en base seca) obtenidos fueron mayores en el Arachis pintoi (2,20 Kcal/g) que los otros forrajes. This study was carried out to determine the digestibility coefficients and digestible energy of Arachis pintoi, Stylozanthes guianensis, Erythrina poeppigiana, Centrocema macrocarpum and Pueraria phaseoloides. The direct method was used, using the same forage as the only food. The experiment had two phases, one for adaptation and one of faeces collection, with duration of 15 and 5 days, respectively. We used 25 male guinea pigs in growth stage distributed in order to get 5 guinea pigs for each tropical legume evaluated. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients were numerically higher for Arachis pintoi (51,96, 56,80, 29,46 y 71,32 percent of the dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract digestibility, respectively) than for all the other treatments, except for the ash. Likewise, digestible energy values (in dry basis) were greater for Arachis pintoi (2,20 kcal/g) than for all other forages.
Published: 2016
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36. Shade Effects on the Dispersal of Airborne Hemileia vastatrix Uredospores

Author: Jacques Avelino, Ana Tapia, Fernando Casanoves, Isabelle Merle, Sergio Vilchez, Clémentine Allinne, Eduardo Granados, Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Philippe Tixier, Audrey Boudrot, Robert A. Rice, and Jimmy Pico
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Time Factors, Light, Rain, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Coffea, Wind, Plant Science, Agroforesterie, 01 natural sciences, Coffee rust, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Hemileia vastatrix, biology, Ecology, Basidiomycota, Coffea arabica, Facteur du milieu, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Spores, Fungal, biology.organism_classification, Lutte biologique, Ombrage, Pratique culturale, Agronomy, Wind gust, Rouille, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Biological dispersal, Erythrina poeppigiana, Tree cover, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Hemileia vastatrix caused a severe epidemic in Central America in 2012−13. The gradual development of that epidemic on nearly a continental scale suggests that dispersal at different scales played a significant role. Shade has been proposed as a way of reducing uredospore dispersal. The effect of shade (two strata: Erythrina poeppigiana below and Chloroleucon eurycyclum above) and full sun on H. vastatrix dispersal was studied with Burkard traps in relation to meteorological records. Annual and daily patterns of dispersal were observed, with peaks of uredospore capture obtained during wet seasons and in the early afternoon. A maximum of 464 uredospores in 1 day (in 14.4 m3 of air) was recorded in October 2014. Interactions between shade/full sun and meteorological conditions were found. Rainfall, possibly intercepted by tree cover and redistributed by raindrops of higher kinetic energy, was the main driver of uredospore dispersal under shade. Wind gusts reversed this effect, probably by inhibiting water accumulation on leaves. Wind gusts also promoted dispersal under dry conditions in full sun, whereas they had no effect under shaded conditions, probably because the canopy blocked the wind. Our results indicate the importance of managing shade cover differentially in rainy versus dry periods to control the dispersal of airborne H. vastatrix uredospores.
Published: 2016
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37. Suivi des services écosystémiques dans un observatoire de caféiers agroforestiers. Applications pour la filière du café

Author: Olivier, Roupsard, Allinne, Clementine, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Vaast, Philippe, Rapidel, Bruno, Avelino, Jacques, Jourdan, Christophe, Le Maire, Guerric, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Harmand, Jean-Michel, Dauzat, Jean, Albrecht, A., Chevallier, T., Barthès, B., Clément-Vidal, Anne, Gomez-Delgado, Fédérico, Charbonnier, Fabien, Benegas, Laura, Welsh, Kristen, Kinoshita, Rintaro, Taugourdeau, Simon, Nespoulous, Jérome, Rançon, Florian, Guidat, Florian, Cambou, Aurelie, Soma, Maxime, Mages, C., Schnabel, Florian, Prieto, Ivan, Picart, Delphine, Duthoit, Maxime, ROCHETEAU, Alain, Do, Frédéric, de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Moussa, Rachida, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Valentin, Christian, Sánchez-Murillo, Ricardo, Roumet, Catherine, Stokes, Alexia, Vierling, Lee A., Eitel, Jan U.H., Dreyer, Erwin, Saint Andre, Laurent, Malmer, Anders, Loustau, Denis, Isaac, Marney E., Martin, Adam R., Prieme, Ambers, Elberling, Bo, Rask Madsen, Mikael, Robelo, Alfonso, Robelo, Diego, Borgonovo, Carlos, Lehner, Peter, Ramirez, Guillermo, Jara, Manuel, Acuna Vargas, R., Barquero, Alejandra, Fonseca, Carlos, Gaymard, Frederic, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Bioagresseurs, analyse et maîtrise du risque (Cirad-Bios-UPR 106 Bioagresseurs), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), Cornell University, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires (ENSAIA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Lyonbiopôle, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Hacienda Aquiares, Cafetalera Aquiares, CESAM and Department of Biology, Universidade de Aveiro, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Josiane Seghieri, Jean-Michel Harmand, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Bioagresseurs, analyse et maîtrise du risque (UPR Bioagresseurs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Costa Rica, Séquestration du carbone, Lutte anti-insecte, Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Coffea, Filière, Agroforesterie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Erythrina poeppigiana, Lutte antimaladie des plantes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Services écosystémiques
Abstract: International audience; Huit ans de travaux de recherche sur les services écosystémiques dans une grande ferme caféière du Costa Rica (observatoire collaboratif Coffee-Flux, en système agroforestier à base de caféiers sous de grands arbres d'Erythrina poeppigiana, surface projetée de couronne de l'ordre de 16 %) ont suggéré plusieurs applications pour les agriculteurs et les décideurs. Il est apparu que de nombreux services écosystémiques dépendaient des propriétés du sol (ici des Andisols), en particulier de l'érosion, de l'infiltration, de la capacité de stockage de l'eau et des éléments nutritifs. Nous confirmons qu'il est essentiel de lier les services hydrologiques et de conservation au type de sol en présence. Une densité adéquate d'arbres d'ombrage (plutôt faible ici) permet de réduire la sévérité des maladies foliaires avec, en perspective, une réduction de l'usage de pesticides-fongicides. Un simple inventaire de la surface basale au collet des caféiers permet d'estimer la biomasse souterraine et la moyenne d'âge d'une plantation de caféiers, ce qui permet d'évaluer sa valeur marchande ou de planifier son remplacement. Le protocole de calcul actuel pour la neutralité carbone des systèmes agroforestiers ne prend en compte que les arbres d'ombrage, pas la culture intercalaire. Dans la réalité, si on inclut les caféiers, on se rapproche très probablement de la neutralité. Des évaluations plus complètes, incluant les arbres, les caféiers, la litière, le sol et les racines dans le bilan en carbone du système agroforestier sont proposées. Les arbres d'ombrage offrent de nombreux servies écosystémiques s'ils sont gérés de manière adéquate dans le contexte local. Par rapport aux parcelles en plein soleil, nous montrons qu'ils réduisent l'érosion laminaire d'un facteur 2, augmentent la fixation de l'azote (N2) atmosphérique et le pourcentage d'azote recyclé dans le système, réduisant ainsi les besoins en engrais. Ils réduisent aussi la sévérité des maladies foliaires, augmentent la séquestration de carbone, améliorent le microclimat et atténuent substantiellement les effets des changements climatiques. Dans notre étude de cas, aucun effet négatif sur le rendement n'a été enregistré.
Published: 2019

38. Poro (Erythrina poeppigiana)

Author: Heuzé, Valérie, Tran, Gilles, Giger-Reverdin, Sylvie, Lebas, François, Association Française de Zootechnie (AFZ), Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: plante fourragère, on-line encyclopedia of animal feeds, encyclopedy, base de données en ligne, alimentation animale, valeur nutritionnelle des aliments, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], encyclopédie, Feedipedia, animal feeding, erythrina poeppigiana
Abstract: Feedipedia.orgA programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.Last updated on August 7, 2019; Poro (Erythrina poeppigiana)
Published: 2019

39. Canopy development, CO2 exchange and carbon balance of a modeled agroforestry tree.

Author: Nygren, Pekka, Kiema, Pasi, and Rebottaro, Silvia
Subjects: PLANT canopies, PRUNING, TREES, AGROFORESTRY, BIOMASS production, PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Abstract: We developed a whole-canopy CO2 exchange simulation model to study effects of pruning on the carbon balance of trees. Model inputs include global short-wave radiation, photosynthetic photon flux density (PFD), air temperature, time series of the development of canopy diameter, height and total leaf area during the simulation period and local geographical and atmospheric parameters. Canopy structure is derived stochastically from the time series of canopy development and growth functions of individual phytoelements. The PFD incident on a phytoelement is computed from the average gap frequency of the canopy and the binary random probability of sunflecks on the phytoelement. Instantaneous CO2 assimilation rate of each phytoelement is computed from PFD and phytoelement age. Assimilation rates are integrated over space and time to estimate whole-canopy CO2 assimilation. The model was used to study carbon balance in five sources of the leguminous agroforestry tree Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O.F. Cook during two 6-month pruning intervals. The canopy description appeared to be realistic. According to the simulations, cumulative assimilation did not provide enough carbon for tree growth until two months after pruning, indicating dependence of tree growth on reserve carbohydrates. The two most productive sources, which had the most open canopies, were the most dependent on reserve carbohydrates after pruning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Published: 1996
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40. Effects of ammonium and nitrate on the growth of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal Erythrina poeppigiana O.I. Cook seedlings.

Author: Cuenca, G and Azcón, R.
Abstract: Erythrina poeppigiana, a woody tropical plant, was inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerdeman, G. mosseae Nicol. and Gerd. Gerdeman and Trappe, or G. intraradices Schenk and Smith. Growth, N uptake, and nutrition were evaluated in VAM-inoculated plants and controls fertilized with two levels (3 or 6 m M) of either NH-N or NO-N. The response by the mycorrhizal plants to N fertilization, according to N source and/or level differed significantly from that of the control plants. In general, the growth of the mycorrhizal plants was similar to that of the non-mycorrhizal plants when N was provided as NH. When the N source was NO the control plants grew significantly less than the VAM plants. Inoculation with VAM fungi gave yield increases of 255 and 268% for G. etunicatum-colonized plants, 201 and 164% for G. mosseae-colonized plants and 286 and 218% for G. intraradices-colonized plants fertilized with 3 and 6 m M NO-N, respectively. The increased growth and acquisition of nutrients by plants fertilized with NO-N and inoculated with VAM shows that VAM mycelium has a capacity for NO absorption. The results also showed that E. poeppigiana seedlings preferred NH as an N source. G. etunicatum was the most effective endophyte, not only increasing N, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn uptake in the presence of NO fertilizer but also P and Mg in the presence of NH applications. From these results we conclude that VAM symbiosis affects N metabolism in E. poeppigiana plants and that this species can overcome limitations on the use of NO-N by the mediation of VAM fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 1994
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41. IDENTIFIKASI TARGET RESEPTOR SENYAWA 10,11-DIHIDROERISODIN SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIKANKER SECARA IN SILICO

Author: Srie Rezeki Nur Endah
Subjects: Synthetic drugs, Serine, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, In silico, Alkaloid, Cancer drugs, Erythrina poeppigiana, Receptor
Abstract: Cancer is one of the most feared diseases and is considered the leading cause of death worldwide. Generally, cancer drugs are synthetic drugs with relatively more expensive prices and have harmful side effects, so many people turn to traditional medicine, for example by utilizing herbal medicine. Erythrina poeppigiana is one of the plants that can be used as a medicinal plant containing 10.11-dihidroerisodin compounds that are useful anticancer etnofarmakologi. The purpose of this study was to identify the target of 10,11 dihydroerisodin receptor compound as an insertiico anticancer candidate. The pure isolate was then tested physicochemically MS, UV-Vis, IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, to obtain the structure of 10.11-dihydroerisodin alkaloid compound which then to target receptors in silico. From the results of the study it was found that 10.11-dihydroerisodin compound can work on the Serine / threonine-protein kinase Chk1 receptor that serves as an anti-cancer candidate. Keywords : 10,11-dihidroerisodin, anti-cancer, target receptors
Published: 2018
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42. El poró en la historia de la caficultura costarricense

Author: Hilje Quirós, Luko
Subjects: Costa Rica, coffee, shade, café, sombra, Inga spp, Erythrina poeppigiana, Inga ssp
Abstract: Historically, the planting of giant or foreign "poró" (Erythrina poeppigiana) as a shade tree in coffee plantations, has been a common and very important agronomic practice in Costa Rica. Even though it is well known that it is a South American tree, there is not a specific document that describes its exact geographic origin, as well as why, when and how it was introduced to Costa Rica. Therefore, based upon a number of quite scattered sources, in this paper we try to answer such questions, while describing the ways in which this species became widespread and even displaced previously dominant leguminous trees, like "guabas" and "cuajiniquiles" (Inga spp.), depending on different coffee-growing regions in the country. In addition, persons and institutions that made this process possible are identified and acknowledged. Históricamente, la siembra del poró gigante o extranjero (Erythrina poeppigiana) como árbol de sombra en cafetales, ha sido una práctica agronómica común y de gran importancia en Costa Rica. Aunque se sabe que es de origen suramericano, no existe un documento específico que describa su origen geográfico exacto, así como por qué, cuándo y cómo fue introducido en Costa Rica. Por tanto, con base en varias fuentes, bastante dispersas, en este artículo se trata de contestar dichas preguntas, a la vez que sedescribe la manera en que la especie se diseminó y hasta desplazó a otras especies dominantes de leguminosas, como las guabas y los cuajiniquiles (Inga spp.), dependiendo de las diferentes regionescafetaleras del país. Asimismo, se identifica y reconoce a las personas e instituciones que hicieron posible este proceso.
Published: 2018

43. Tropical forages as a dietary alternative in fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

Author: Alexandra Elizabeth Barrera Álvarez, Franklin Buste-Castro, Emma Danielly Torres-Navarrete, Adolfo Sánchez-Laiño, and Jeniffer Sánchez-Torres
Subjects: biology, Significant difference, cunicultura, Soil Science, Tithonia, nutrición, cuniculture, biology.organism_classification, Body weight, Feed conversion ratio, Erythrina poeppigiana, Morus alba, raza Nueva Zelanda, 63 Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas / Agriculture, Animal science, nutrition, Tithonia diversifolia, Agronomy and Crop Science, 55 Ciencias de la tierra / Earth sciences and geology, New Zealand breed
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the tropical forages morera (Morus alba L.), caraca (Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F.Cook and gold button (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray) as an alternative food source for fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) and its effect on their productive behavior. The experiment was carried out in the minor species program of Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. In this study we evaluated New Zealand male rabbits of 35 days of age and with an average weight of 74.23 ± 75.47 g, distributed in four treatments with six replicates in a complete block design. Treatments evaluated were as follows: T1: commercial concentrate ad libitum (control); T2: commercial concentrate 50 g + morera ad libitum; T3: commercial concentrate 50 g + caraca ad libitum, and T4: commercial concentrate 50 g + gold button ad libitum. To identify significant difference among treatments, an analysis of variance and a Tukey’s multiple range test were carried out to compare the mean values of treatments. Variables measured were as follows: feed intake (FI); growth rate (GR); feed conversion rate (FCR); weight to channel (WC), performance to channel (PC) and profitability. Results show that the highest FI was recorded by T1, T2 and T4 (83.92 ± 4.31, 83.90 ± 1.08 and 81.72 ± 2.85 g dry matter.d-1, respectively); highest GR was found in T1 (28.81 ± 2.55 g); most efficient FCR was T1, T2 and T3 (2.93 ± 0.27, 3.34 ± 0.28 and 3.23 ± 0.19, respectively); and most efficient PC was T3 (56.00 ± 1.11 %) being also the most profitable (53 %). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el potencial de los forrajes tropicales (Morus alba L.), caraca (Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F.Cook y mirasol o botón dorado (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray) como fuente de alimento alternativo engorde de conejos, y su efecto sobre su comportamiento productivo. El experimento se realizó en el programa de especies menores de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. En este estudio evaluamos conejos machos de Nueva Zelanda de 35 días de edad y con un promedio de peso de 74,23 ± 75,47 g, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con seis réplicas en un diseño de bloque completo. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron los siguientes: T1: concentrado comercial a voluntad (control); T2: concentrado comercial 50 g + morera a voluntad; T3: concentrado comercial 50 g + caraca a voluntad, y T4: concentrado comercial 50 g + botón de oro a voluntad. Para identificar diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, se aplicó el análisis de varianza y se utilizó la prueba de rango múltiple de Tukey para comparar los valores medios de los tratamientos. Las variables medidas fueron las siguientes: ingesta de alimento (FI); tasa de crecimiento (GR); tasa de conversión de alimento (FCR); peso a canal (WC), rendimiento a canal (PC) y rentabilidad. Los resultados muestran que la FI más alta se registró con T1, T2 y T4 (83,92 ± 4,31, 83,90 ± 1,08 y 81,72 ± 2,85 g de materia seca.d-1, respectivamente); el GR más alto se encontró en T1 (28.81 ± 2.55 g); la FCR más eficiente fue T1, T2 y T3 (2.93 ± 0.27, 3.34 ± 0.28 y 3.23 ± 0.19, respectivamente); y la PC más eficiente fue T3 (56.00 ± 1.11%) siendo también la más rentable (53%).
Published: 2018

44. Sensitivity of the landslide model LAPSUS_LS to vegetation and soil parameters

Author: Olivier Roupsard, Klaas Metselaar, Zhun Mao, Bruno Rapidel, Catherine Roumet, Lieven Claessens, Iván Prieto, Lorenzo Rossi, Alexia Stokes, Jérome Nespoulous, Jeroen M. Schoorl, Jérôme Perez, Mario Villatoro-Sanchez, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Ecosfix ANR-10-STRA-003-001, ANR-10-STRA-0003,ECOSFIX,Services écosystémiques des racines – redistribution hydrique, séquestration du carbone et fixation du sol(2010), European Project: 675762,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015,TERRE(2015), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Hubble, T. (ed.), Clarke, S. (ed.), Stokes, A. (ed.), Phillips, C. (ed.), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, 01 natural sciences, Erythrina poeppigiana, Soil, Slope stability, Cohesion (geology), couverture du sol, Monoculture, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Landslide, Enracinement, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Coffea arabica, PE&RC, Lapsus, Pratique culturale, Soil Geography and Landscape, Culture associée, Modèle mathématique, Environmental Engineering, Soil science, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Transmissivity, Scaling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, WIMEK, Méthode statistique, Modeling, Montagne, 15. Life on land, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Bulk density, Roots, Soil Physics and Land Management, Factor of safety, Bodemgeografie en Landschap, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Cohesion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Stabilisation du sol
Abstract: The influence of vegetation on slope stability is well understood at the slope level but scaling up to the catchment level is still a challenge, partially because of a lack of suitable data to validate models. We tested the physical landslide model, LAPSUS_LS, which models slope stability at the catchment scale. LAPSUS_LS combines a hydrological model with a Limit Equilibrium Method model, and calculates the factor of safety of individual cells based on their hydrological and geomorphological characteristics. We tested two types of vegetation on slope stability: (i) coffee monoculture (Coffea arabica) and (ii) a mixed plantation of coffee and deep rooting Erythrina (Erythrina poeppigiana) trees. Using soil and root data from Costa Rica, we performed simulations to test the response of LAPSUS_LS to root reinforcement, soil bulk density, transmissivity, internal friction angle and depth of shear plane. Furthermore, we modified the model to include biomass surcharge effect in the calculations. Results show that LAPSUS_LS was most sensitive to changes in additional cohesion from roots. When the depth of the shear plane was fixed at 1.0 m, slopes were not unstable. However, when the shear plane was fixed to 1.5 m, the mixed plantation of coffee and trees stabilized slopes, but the coffee monoculture was highly unstable, because root reinforcement was low at a depth of 1.5 m. Soil transmissivity had a limited impact on the results compared to bulk density and internal friction angle. Biomass surcharge did not have any significant effect on the simulations. In conclusion, LAPSUS_LS responded well to the soil and vegetation input data, and is a suitable candidate for modeling the stability of vegetated slopes at the catchment level.
Published: 2017
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45. Soil nutrient availability and CO2 production in agroforestry systems after the addition of Erythrina poeppigiana pruning residues and native microbial inocula

Author: Fidel Payán-Zelaya, Jean-Michel Harmand, Fernando de León González, Antonio Flores-Macías, John Beer, and Guadalupe Ramos-Espinoza
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, émission atmosphérique, Taille, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Field experiment, Greenhouse, Coffea, Agriculture biologique, Agroforesterie, Erythrina poeppigiana, Déchet agricole, Nutrient, Fertilité du sol, Flore du sol, Incubation, biology, Flore microbienne, Agroforestry, P35 - Fertilité du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, Q70 - Traitement des déchets agricoles, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, Disponibilité d'élément nutritif, Seedling, Soil water, Organic farming, Agronomy and Crop Science, Pruning, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract: To investigate the effects of microbial inocula and Erythrina poeppigiana pruning residues on soil K, NO3-, and NH4? concentrations, a greenhouse trial, a field experiment in an organic farm, and three in vitro tests were conducted. Under controlled conditions, weak, temporary effects (10 %) on maize seedling growth were observed on poor soils (taken from the 10-20 cm layer) in the first 2 weeks after application. Positive effects of pruning residue applications on soil K levels (0.09 cmol kg-1, on average) were detected in both the field and greenhouse study. However, significant effects due to the addition of microbial inocula on soil K concentrations were not detected in the field; thus, microbial applications were ineffective at enhancing nutrient availability under field conditions. In contrast, in the in vitro experiments, CO2 production was 31 % greater than that of untreated soil on the 8th and 15th days of incubation. These results highlight the importance of adding tree pruning residues to support coffee-plant nutrition. Experimental outcome data could be valuable for further studies focused on microbial application dosage and timing.
Published: 2012
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46. Restauración ecológica de bosques tropicales en Costa Rica: efecto a mediano plazo sobre la producción y descomposición de la hojarasca

Author: Lanuza Lanuza, Oscar R.
Subjects: COMPOSICION QUIMICA, CONTENIDO DE NUTRIENTES (SUELO), BOSQUE TROPICAL, DISEÑO EXPERIMENTAL | COSTA RICA, NUTRIENTES, RESTAURACION ECOLOGICA, HOJARASCA FORESTAL, DOSEL, ANALISIS DE DATOS, VOCHYSIA GUATEMALENSIS, INGA EDULIS, COSTA RICA, TERMINALIA AMAZONIA, DESCOMPOSICION, ERYTHRINA POEPPIGIANA
Abstract: Tesis (M.Sc) -- CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2016 Gran parte de los bosques tropicales actuales son parches relativamente pequeños, inmersos en una matriz agrícola. La condición de degradación actual, exige promover enfoques alternativos, eficientes y más económicos que las plantaciones típicas. Las estrategias de restauración activas (islas de árboles) pueden facilitar la recuperación natural de estos bosques en menor tiempo que la recuperación natural, porque aumentan la producción de hojarasca y la entrada de nutrientes al suelo. Se evaluó la dinámica de la producción, las entradas de nutrientes al suelo por la hojarasca y el efecto de los tratamientos de restauración sobre la descomposición de la hojarasca y el patrón de liberación de nutrientes de dos mezclas de hoja que contrastaban en sus contenidos iniciales de nutrientes. Los cuatro tratamientos de restauración comprenden: plantación (toda el área plantada), islas de árboles (siembra de árboles en seis parches de tres tamaños diferentes), control (regeneración natural), y bosque referencia (primario) 10-12 años después de su establecimiento. Los tratamientos se establecieron en parcelas de 50 × 50 m en cinco sitios replicados en el sur de Costa Rica. Las especies plantadas incluían dos especies nativas productoras de madera (Terminalia amazonia y Vochysia guatemalensis) intercaladas con dos especies fijadoras de nitrógeno (Inga edulis y Erythrina poeppigiana). La producción de hojarasca fue similar en plantación, bosque referencia e isla, pero todos ellos significativamente mayores comparado con regeneración natural (n=216; F=21,8; p
Published: 2016

47. Root biomass, turnover and net primary productivity of a coffee agroforestry system in Costa Rica: effects of soil depth, shade trees, distance to row and coffee age

Author: Diego Robelo, Karel Van den Meersche, Christophe Jourdan, Emmanuelle Khac, Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Olivier Roupsard, Alejandra Barquero, Iván Prieto, Catherine Roumet, Elsa Defrenet, Fabien Charbonnier, Victor J. Vargas, Alexia Stokes, Junior Pastor Pérez-Molina, Bruno Rapidel, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Montpellier (UM), Cafetalera Aquiares, ANR Ecosfix Project (ANR-10-STRA-003-01 ), Fontagro CAF'Adapt project, ANR MACACC project, ANR-10-STRA-0003,ECOSFIX,Services écosystémiques des racines – redistribution hydrique, séquestration du carbone et fixation du sol(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Perennial plant, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, racine fine, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, Root system, Agroforesterie, 01 natural sciences, Erythrina poeppigiana, Basal area, agroforestry, Système racinaire, Profondeur de plantation, Biomasse, growth rings, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Coffea arabica, fine root decomposition, Compétition végétale, Shoot, Pruning, sequential coring, Biology, cerne, Croissance, npp, Allometry, allométrie, Primary production, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, K10 - Production forestière, tree rings, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 010606 plant biology & botany, Espacement, Racine
Abstract: Background and Aims In Costa Rica, coffee (Coffea arabica) plants are often grown in agroforests. However, it is not known if shade-inducing trees reduce coffee plant biomass through root competition, and hence alter overall net primary productivity (NPP). We estimated biomass and NPP at the stand level, taking into account deep roots and the position of plants with regard to trees. Methods Stem growth and root biomass, turnover and decomposition were measured in mixed coffee/tree (Erythrina poeppigiana) plantations. Growth ring width and number at the stem base were estimated along with stem basal area on a range of plant sizes. Root biomass and fine root density were measured in trenches to a depth of 4 m. To take into account the below-ground heterogeneity of the agroforestry system, fine root turnover was measured by sequential soil coring (to a depth of 30 cm) over 1 year and at different locations (in full sun or under trees and in rows/inter-rows). Allometric relationships were used to calculate NPP of perennial components, which was then scaled up to the stand level. Key Results Annual ring width at the stem base increased up to 2·5 mm yr−1 with plant age (over a 44-year period). Nearly all (92 %) coffee root biomass was located in the top 1·5 m, and only 8 % from 1·5 m to a depth of 4 m. Perennial woody root biomass was 16 t ha−1 and NPP of perennial roots was 1·3 t ha−1 yr−1. Fine root biomass (0–30 cm) was two-fold higher in the row compared with between rows. Fine root biomass was 2·29 t ha−1 (12 % of total root biomass) and NPP of fine roots was 2·96 t ha−1 yr−1 (69 % of total root NPP). Fine root turnover was 1·3 yr−1 and lifespan was 0·8 years. Conclusions Coffee root systems comprised 49 % of the total plant biomass; such a high ratio is possibly a consequence of shoot pruning. There was no significant effect of trees on coffee fine root biomass, suggesting that coffee root systems are very competitive in the topsoil. (Resume d'auteur)
Published: 2016
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48. Large topsoil organic carbon variability is controlled by Andisol properties and effectively assessed by VNIR spectroscopy in a coffee agroforestry system of Costa Rica

Author: Tiphaine Chevallier, Simon Taugourdeau, Rintaro Kinoshita, Harold M. van Es, Zia U. Ahmed, Alain Albrecht, Olivier Roupsard, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Soil & Crop Sci Sect, Cornell University, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Cornell University [New York], Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Concentration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Arbre d'ombrage, Coffea, Agroforesterie, andisols, 01 natural sciences, Erythrina poeppigiana, Multivariate interpolation, Productivité, agroforestry, Partial least squares regression, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Elettaria cardamomum, Sol volcanique, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Co-kriging, co-kriging, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Carbone, Watershed, food.ingredient, Spectroscopie infrarouge, Soil Science, Soil science, allophane, Allophane, food, Andisols, Bassin versant, Composé organique, Mesure, Propriété physicochimique du sol, vnir spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Topsoil, Random Forest, Structure du sol, Soil organic carbon, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Andisol, soil organic carbon, P32 - Classification des sols et pédogenèse, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Cycle du carbone, VNIR spectroscopy, random forest
Abstract: Assessing the spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for SOC monitoring and comparing management options. Topsoil (0–5 cm) SOC concentrations were surveyed in a coffee agroforestry watershed (0.9 km2) on Andisols in Costa Rica with uniform farm management. We encountered high values and large spatial variations of SOC, from 48.1 to 172 g kg− 1 in the dry combustion set (SOCref; n = 72) used for calibrating the visible-near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) samples (SOCVNIRS; 350–2500 nm; n = 520). VNIRS using partial least squares regression was effective in predicting SOC (R2 = 0.85; a root mean square error (RMSE) = 12.3 g kg− 1) and proved an effective proxy measurement. We assessed several topographic, vegetation and andic soil property variables, of which only the latter (metal–humus complexes and allophanes) displayed strong correlations with SOCref concentrations. We compared Random Forest and three geostatistical approaches for the interpolation of SOC in unsampled locations. Ordinary kriging with SOCref yielded an RMSE of 28.0 g kg− 1. Random Forest was successful in incorporating many weakly and non-linearly correlated covariates with SOC (RMSE = 14.7 g kg− 1), provided Alp (the sodium pyrophosphate extractable aluminum), the best predictor of SOC (r = 0.85) but also the most costly variable to acquire. Co-kriging with Alp also showed high reduction in RMSE (16.0 g kg− 1). Co-kriging with SOCVNIRS only showed marginal reduction in RMSE to 24.2 g kg− 1 due to the presence of a high nugget effect. Local variability of SOC in this volcanic agroforestry watershed was dominated by andic properties whereas topographic or vegetation variables had very little impact. Estimation of SOC variability is recommended using inexpensive proxy measurements like VNIRS (RMSE = 12.3 g kg− 1) rather than spatial interpolation techniques. (Resume d'auteur)
Published: 2016
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49. DynACof: A process-based model to study growth, yield and ecosystem services of coffee agroforestry systems.

Author: Vezy, Rémi, le Maire, Guerric, Christina, Mathias, Georgiou, Selena, Imbach, Pablo, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Alfaro, Eric J., Blitz-Frayret, Céline, Charbonnier, Fabien, Lehner, Peter, Loustau, Denis, and Roupsard, Olivier
Subjects: *AGROFORESTRY, *ECOSYSTEM services, *COFFEE beans, *PRIMARY productivity (Biology), *COFFEE, *HEAT flux, *CLIMATE change, *LEAF temperature
Abstract: The DynACof model was designed to model coffee agroforestry systems and study the trade-offs to e.g. optimize the system facing climate changes. The model simulates net primary productivity (NPP), growth, yield, mortality, energy and water balance of coffee agroforestry systems according to shade tree species and management. Several plot-scale ecosystem services are simulated by the model, such as production, canopy cooling effect, or potential C sequestration. DynACof uses metamodels derived from a detailed 3D process-based model (MAESPA) to account for complex spatial effects, while running fast. It also includes a coffee flower bud and fruit cohort module to better distribute fruit carbon demand over the year, a key feature to obtain a realistic competition between sinks. The model was parameterized and evaluated using a highly comprehensive database on a coffee agroforestry experimental site in Costa Rica. The fluxes simulated by the model were close to the measurements over a 5-year period (nRMSE = 26.27 for gross primary productivity; 28.22 for actual evapo-transpiration, 53.91 for sensible heat flux and 15.26 for net radiation), and DynACof satisfactorily simulated the yield, NPP, mortality and carbon stock for each coffee organ type over a 35-year rotation. Image 1 • DynACof simulates NPP, carbon allocation, growth, yield, energy and water balance. • It accounts for spatial effects using metamodels from the 3D process-based MAESPA. • Leaf and air temperature inside the canopy are computed to control plant growth. • It successfully simulated the fluxes (energy, water, carbon), growth and yield. • DynACof can be used to optimize coffee AFS, e.g. facing climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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50. Soil carbon dynamics and residue stabilization in a Costa Rican and southern Canadian alley cropping system

Author: Oelbermann, Maren, Voroney, R. Paul, Thevathasan, Naresh V., Gordon, Andrew M., Kass, Donald C. L., and Schlönvoigt, Andrea M.
Published: 2006
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