99 results on '"ERSUS, Seda"'
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2. Development of environmentally friendly composite packaging films from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plant wastes
- Author
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Melikoğlu, Arzu Yalçın, Tekin, İdil, Hayatioğlu, Nergiz, and Ersus, Seda
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Optimization of ionic gelling encapsulation of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) juice concentrate and stability of betalains
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Tekin, İdil, Özcan, Kardelen, and Ersus, Seda
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The comparative studies on the physicochemical properties of mung bean protein isolate–polysaccharide conjugates prepared by ultrasonic or controlled heating treatment
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Aksoy, Zülal and Ersus, Seda
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- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Plant Protein Resources, Novel Extraction and Precipitation Methods: A Review.
- Author
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Akyüz, Ayça, Tekin, İdil, Aksoy, Zülal, and Ersus, Seda
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PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) ,PLANT proteins ,SUSTAINABILITY ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ELECTROSTATIC precipitation - Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the diverse landscape of plant protein resources, focusing on novel extraction and precipitation methods that contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient protein production. The increasing global demand for plant‐based proteins as a key component of balanced diets has spurred research into optimizing extraction processes from various plant sources. The review encompasses a wide range of plant protein resources, including legumes, cereals, oilseeds, and other plant‐based alternatives. Special emphasis is given to innovative techniques in protein extraction, such as enzyme‐assisted extraction, aqueous extraction, and emerging technologies like ultrasound and microwave‐assisted methods. Additionally, the review investigates novel precipitation methods employed to isolate and purify plant proteins, shedding light on techniques like isoelectric precipitation, salting‐out, and membrane filtration. The integration of sustainable practices in protein extraction, coupled with a focus on minimizing environmental impact, is a central theme throughout the review. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in plant protein extraction and precipitation methods, offering valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers involved in the rapidly evolving field of plant‐based protein production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Optimization of Hoagland solution macro-elements as a culture media, for increasing protein content of duckweeds (Lemna minor)
- Author
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Akyüz, Ayça, primary and Ersus, Seda, additional
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
7. Single and combined decontamination effects of power-ultrasound, peroxyacetic acid and sodium chloride sanitizing treatments on Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Penicillium expansum inoculated dried figs
- Author
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Görgüç, Ahmet, Gençdağ, Esra, Okuroğlu, Fulya, Yılmaz, Fatih Mehmet, Bıyık, H. Halil, Öztürk Köse, Senem, and Ersus, Seda
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Development of thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) biobased active packaging films and potential usage in the food industry.
- Author
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Tekin, İdil and Ersus, Seda
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PACKAGING film ,GRAPE seed oil ,POLYBUTENES ,FOOD industry ,STARCH ,BUTENE ,ZEIN (Plant protein) - Abstract
This study focused on the development and optimization of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) biobased active packaging films by incorporation with grape seed oil, alpha‐tocopherol, and rice husk. In the compound and film production step during extrusion for biobased active packaging film two variables, the antioxidant substance concentration (Grape seed oil, 0.5–4%; alpha‐tocopherol, 0.5–4%; rice husk, 1–5%), TPS concentration (60–90%) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) for highest tensile strength (MPa) and antioxidant activity (%) as responses. Among the resulting films, samples containing grape seed oil in particular exhibited an optimal balance, showcasing robust mechanical properties alongside potent antioxidant characteristics. Comprehensive analyses encompassing thickness, density, color, opacity, FTIR spectroscopy, total phenolic content, and energy consumption were conducted to assess the films' viability for potential deployment within the food industry. Based on the findings, it was determined that these biobased active packaging films made of TPS/PBAT held promise in safeguarding food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Siyah Havuç Suyu Atıklarından Selüloz Ekstraksiyon Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu ve Nanoselüloz Üretimi
- Author
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HAYATİOĞLU, Nergiz, primary, TEKİN, İdil, additional, and ERSUS, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The effect of different drying temperature profiles on the shrinkage and physical quality of the freeze‐dried strawberries
- Author
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Kılıç, Öykü, primary, Azak, Berfu, additional, and Ersus, Seda, additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Determination of process parameters and precipitation methods for potential large‐scale production of sugar beet leaf protein concentrate.
- Author
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Akyüz, Ayça, Tekin, İdil, Aksoy, Zülal, and Ersus, Seda
- Subjects
PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) ,SUGAR beets ,ISOELECTRIC point ,PROTEINS ,FOURIER transforms ,CHEMICAL industry - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sugar beet is one of the most produced industrial plants in the world, and during manufacturing it produces a large quantity of leaf waste. Because this waste is rich in protein, this study aimed to identify an efficient method for producing large‐scale protein concentrate from sugar beet leaves. RESULTS: Results showed that protein extraction from fresh leaves was more effective than from dried leaves. Maximum protein extraction was achieved at pH 9, compared with pH 7 or 8. Blanching as a pretreatment reduced protein yield during isoelectric precipitation, with a yield of 2.31% compared to 20.20% without blanching. Consequently, blanching was excluded from the extraction process. After extraction, isoelectric precipitation, heat coagulation, and isoelectric–ammonium sulfate precipitation were compared. Although the latter resulted in the highest protein yield, Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that excessive salt was not removed during dialysis, making it unsuitable for scale‐up due to its additional cost and complexity. Therefore, isoelectric precipitation was selected as the appropriate method for protein precipitation from sugar beet leaves. To increase yield, extractions were assisted by ultrasound or enzyme addition. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction resulted in an increased protein yield from 20.20% to 28.60%, while Pectinex Ultra SP‐L‐assisted extraction was the most effective, increasing protein yield from 20.20% to 38.09%. CONCLUSION: Proteins were extracted from fresh sugar beet leaves using optimum conditions (50 °C, 30 min, pH 9) and precipitated at isoelectric point, with enzymatic‐assisted extraction yielding the maximum protein recovery. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Determination of Process Parameters and Precipitation Methods for Potential Large‐Scale Production of Sugar Beet Leaf Protein Concentrate
- Author
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Akyüz, Ayça, primary, Tekin, İdil, additional, Aksoy, Zülal, additional, and Ersus, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The effect of amaranth and fennel addition on the physical and chemical properties of breads
- Author
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Ersus, Seda, primary, Yılmaz, Büşra, additional, Akyüz, Ayça, additional, Visali, Rahila, additional, Allahverdiyeva, Zulfiya, additional, Askerova, Irada, additional, Hasanova, Aybeniz, additional, Kamalov, Rovshan, additional, and Aliyeva, Dürdane, additional
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- 2023
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14. Determination of Physical and Chemical Properties of Red Dragon Fruit Grown in Türkiye
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YILMAZ, Büşra, primary and ERSUS, Seda, additional
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- 2023
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15. Determination of Physical and Chemical Properties of Dried Persimmons Applied Pasteurization Process During Storage
- Author
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METİNER, Eylül Elif, primary, ERSUS, Seda, additional, YILMAZ, Büşra, additional, AKSOY, Zülal, additional, AKYÜZ, Ayça, additional, and TEKİN, İdil, additional
- Published
- 2023
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16. Farklı kurutma tekniklerinin kuru Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa) meyvesi ve tozunun kalitesine etkisi
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METİNER, Eylül Elif, primary and ERSUS, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2023
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17. Aromatik bitki ekstraktları ile zenginleştirilmiş fonksiyonel elma suyu üretimi.
- Author
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ERSUS, Seda, TEKİN, İdil, VİSALİ, Rahila, ALLAHVERDİYEVA, Zulfiya, ASKEROVA, İrada, HASANOVA, Aybeniz, KAMALOV, Rovshan, and ALİYEVA, Dürdane
- Abstract
Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Defne Yaprağından (Laurus Nobilis L.) Fenolik Bileşiklerin Ekstraksiyonunda Farklı Yöntemlerin Karşılaştırılması
- Author
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AKYÜZ, Ayça, TEKİN, İdil, and ERSUS, Seda
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Food Science and Technology ,enzim destekli ekstraksiyon,mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon,defne yaprağı,fenolik bileşikler ,Enzyme assisted extraction,microwave assisted extraction,bay leaf,phenolic compounds ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, mikrodalga destekli ve enzim destekli ekstraksiyon verimliliği çözgen ekstraksiyonu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Defne yaprağı ekstraktında ekstraksiyon verimleri fenolik içerik ve antioksidan kapasitesi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Geleneksel ekstraksiyon, enzim destekli ve mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon olarak üç farklı ekstraksiyon yönteminden elde edilen ekstraktların toplam fenolik içeriği (mg GAE/g) sırasıyla 23.29±0.02, 32.45±0.02 ve 30.49±0.02 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam fenolik içerik için en yüksek değer enzim destekli ekstraksiyonda belirlenmiştir. Üç farklı ekstraksiyon yönteminden elde edilen ekstraktların DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi (%) sırasıyla %36.91±0.05, %50.72±0.27 ve %41.51±0.09 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam fenolik içerik gibi, DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi için en yüksek değer enzim destekli ekstraksiyonda belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca defne yaprağının toplam kuru madde, toplam kül, toplam protein, askorbik asit ve toplam klorofil içeriği belirlenmiştir., In this study, the microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction efficiency were compared to solvent extraction. The extraction efficiencies were evaluated in bay leaf extract in terms of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content (mg GAE/g) of the extracts from three different extraction methods as a solvent, enzyme-assisted, and microwave-assisted extraction was found 23.29±0.02, 32.45±0.02, and 30.49±0.02, respectively. The highest value for the total phenolic content was found from the enzyme-assisted extraction. DPPH radical scavenging capacity (%) of the extracts from three different extraction methods was found at 36.91%±0.05, 50.72%±0.27, and 41.51%±0.09, respectively. Like the total phenolic content, the highest value for the DPPH radical scavenging capacity was found from the enzyme-assisted extraction. In addition, total dry matter, total ash, total protein, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll content of the bay leaf were analyzed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Siyah Sarımsak (Allium sativum) Üretimi: Üretim Sırasında Gerçekleşen Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Değişimler
- Author
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EROL, Nursen, primary and ERSUS, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Development and characterization of edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose enriched with pomegranate seed oil and the coating of strawberries
- Author
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Melikoğlu, Arzu Yalçın, primary, Hayatioğlu, Nergiz, additional, Hendekçi, Mert Can, additional, Tekin, İdil, additional, and Ersus, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Comparative study on physicochemical properties of tomato juices with non-irradiated and irradiated supplements: olive powder and sugar-beet leaves protein
- Author
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Pleslić, Sanda, Stulić, Visnja, Vukušić Pavičić, Tomislava, Zadravec, Manuela, Ersus, Seda, Akyuz, Ayca, Tekin, Idil, Aksoy, Zulal, Oztop, Mecit Halil, and Maltar-Strmečki, Nadica
- Subjects
Mediterranean diet ,tomato juice ,olive powder ,sugar-beet leaves protein ,irradiation - Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet1 (MedD), recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, focuses on vegetables, so plant-based protein powders which can be considered as a good ingredient for MedD. The sugar beet is one of the most cultivated crops in the world. In addition, sixty percent of the World's production belongs to Europe. The sugar beet tubers are used in sugar production, while the leaves are the waste of sugar-producing companies that are normally used as livestock or left on the land. Although the sugar beet leaves are considered as waste, they have a potential to be a good protein source due to their high protein content. Olive is another indispensable ingredient for MedD and it can be consumed in the form of table olives, olive powder or olive oil which is the most common form. Tomatoes, olive powder and sugar-beet leaves proteins can be merged in the form of a juice to formulate the functional food and this mix could play a role in inhibiting free radicals, i.e. oxidative stress. Considering their beneficial properties and addition to tomato products, further studies on tomato juices and powders prepared by non-thermal methods are required. Aim of this study is to monitor the changes of the physicochemical properties of tomato juices with supplements: olive powder and sugar-beet leaves protein powder after irradiation treatments. As the powder must satisfy consumers demand in terms food safety with a longer shelf life, preservation with ionizing gamma radiation have been applied. The main objective was to compare physicochemical properties of tomato juices prepared with addition of the different concentrations of olive powder and sugar-beet leaves protein that were and were not exposed to irradiation treatment. The irradiation dose has been chosen according to IAEA regulative2 and in the amount allowed to be presented on the market without Radura symbol, to avoid fear of customers and mistrust to usage of irradiation in food processing even accepted and establish irradiation technology continues to generate controversy. After irradiation, comparative study on changes of physicochemical properties of the powders, analysis of tomato juices such as pH value, total dry matter content, color, total acidity, lycopene content, antioxidative activity, concentration of ROS species and microbiological stability (TPC and TMP) were also investigated and discussed. The results indicated that the proposed procedures based on tomato juices, and differently preserved olive powder and sugar-beet leaves protein powders with optimization of additive’s concentrations can be used for further procedure in process from farm to fork to improve food safety chain. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work has been fully supported by H2020 PRIMA Initiatives (The Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area) as part of the project No. 2032 Functionalized Tomato Products (FunTomP).
- Published
- 2022
22. Determination of membrane integrity in onion tissues treated by pulsed electric fields: Use of microscopic images and ion leakage measurements
- Author
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Ersus, Seda and Barrett, Diane M.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Siyah Sarımsak (Allium sativum) Üretimi: Üretim Sırasında Gerçekleşen Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Değişimler
- Author
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EROL, Nursen and ERSUS, Seda
- Subjects
Siyah sarımsak ,Siyah sarımsak üretimi ,Maillard reaksiyonu ,Black garlic ,Black garlic production ,Maillard reaction ,Food Science and Technology ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Black garlic is obtained by keeping white garlic under controlled environment at 45-90°C temperature and 50-90% relative humidity until black color is obtained. During production, significant changes occur in physicochemical properties such as color, pH value, dry matter, reducing sugar content and nutritional value due to Maillard and enzymatic reactions. An increase in its antioxidant activity in comparison to white garlic makes it more preferable for health. Time required for producing black garlic, which is between 30 and 90 days, causes high energy consumption and time loss. In this review, scientific studies on physicochemical changes, production technology and applications used to increase production efficiency during black garlic production are summarized., Siyah sarımsak 45-90°C sıcaklık, %50-90 bağıl nemdeki kontrollü ortamlarda beyaz sarımsağın siyah renk alana kadar bekletilmesi ile üretilir. Üretim sırasında, Maillard ve enzimatik reaksiyonların gerçekleşmesiyle sarımsağın özellikle renk, pH değeri, kuru madde, indirgen şeker içeriği gibi fizikokimyasal özelliklerinde ve besin değerinde önemli değişimler oluşmaktadır. Antioksidan aktivitesinin beyaz sarımsağa kıyasla artması bu ürünü sağlık açısından daha tercih edilir kılmaktadır. Siyah sarımsak üretilmesi için gerekli sürenin 30-90 gün olması yüksek oranda enerji ve zaman kaybına neden olmaktadır. Bu derleme kapsamında, siyah sarımsak üretimi sırasında gerçekleşen fizikokimyasal değişimler, üretim teknolojisi ve üretim verimliliğini artırmak için kullanılan uygulamalar üzerine yapılmış bilimsel araştırmalar özetlenmiştir.
- Published
- 2021
24. Electrically assisted ionic gelling encapsulation of enzymatically extracted zinc‐chlorophyll derivatives from stinging nettle ( Urtica urens L.)
- Author
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Tekin, İdil, primary and Ersus, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Mikrodalga Destekli Ekstraksiyon Koşullarının Bezelye Kabuğu, Nar Çekirdeği ve Nar Kabuğundan Fenolik Bileşik Ekstraksiyonu Üzerine Etkisi
- Author
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Ersus, Seda, İdil Tekin, Akyüz, Ayça, and Melikoğlu, Arzu Yalçın
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Microencapsulation of anthocyanin pigments of black carrot ( Daucus carota L.) by spray drier
- Author
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Ersus, Seda and Yurdagel, Unal
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Development and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Enriched with Pomegranate Seed Oil and the Coating of Strawberries
- Author
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Melikoğlu, Arzu Yalçın, primary, Hayatioğlu, Nergiz, additional, Hendekci, Mert Can, additional, Tekin, Idil, additional, and Ersus, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of protein from the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves for alternative plant protein concentrate production
- Author
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Akyüz, Ayça, primary and Ersus, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Effects of microwave and infrared drying on the quality of carrot and garlic
- Author
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Baysal, Taner, Icier, Filiz, Ersus, Seda, and Yıldız, Hasan
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Production of Biocomposite Packaging Materials From Fruit Juice Processing Wastes
- Author
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ERSUS, Seda, YALÇIN MELİKOĞLU, Arzu, and CESUR, Serap
- Subjects
Meyve suyu atığı,posa,pektin,selüloz,biyokompozit film ,Food Science and Technology ,fruit juice waste,pomace,pectin,cellulose,biocomposite film ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Günümüzde fosil kaynaklardan elde edilen, doğada kendiliğinden yok olması yüzlerce yıl alan plastik esaslı ambalaj atıklarının neden olduğu çevresel sorunların giderilmesinde, biyobozunur özellik gösteren biyokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinin kullanımı önemli bir alternatiftir. Biyokompozit malzeme polimer matris ve doğal organik takviye ajanı/dolgu maddesi olmak üzere iki bileşenden meydana gelmektedir. Özellikle biyokompozit malzemelerin üretiminde, ucuz ve bol olan atıkların kullanımı; maliyet avantajı, biyobozunma davranışı ve daha pahalı malzeme ağırlığında azalma sağlamaktadır. Meyve suyu işleme sanayinde atık olarak yüksek miktarda ortaya çıkan kabuk, çekirdek, sap vb. bileşenleri içeren posanın kendisi ve bu atıklardan elde edilen nişasta, pektin, selüloz, hemiselüloz ve lignin gibi polisakkaritler biyokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinin geliştirilmesinde takviye ajanı ve/veya dolgu maddesi olarak ağırlıkça %10-50 oranında kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu derlemede; (i) meyve suyu üretim atıklarında bulunan pektin ve selüloz biyopolimerlerinin üretimi (ii) biyokompozit gıda ambalaj malzemelerinin üretimi, (iii) meyve suyu işletim tesisi atıklarından elde edilen takviye ajanlarının biyokompozit malzemenin mekanik, bariyer ve biyobozunma davranışı üzerine etkileri konusunda bilgi verilmektedir., The use of biocomposite packaging materials is nowadays considered as an important issue for overcoming the environmental problems caused by plastic-based packaging materials that is produced from fossil fuels which take centuries to degrade in nature. Biocomposite materials are made up of two components, a polymer matrix and a natural organic reinforcing agent/filling material. In the production of biocomposites, the use of low-cost and widely available waste materials have advantages such as increasing biodegradability and a reduction in weight of the more expensive materials. The pomace resulting from the large quantities of peel, seed, stalks, etc. produced as waste by the fruit juice processing sector, and the polysaccharides such as starch, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin derived from this pomace, has the potential to be used as reinforcing agent and/or filling material in the development of biocomposite packaging materials with 10-50% (w/w) addition. In this review, (i) extraction of some of the biopolymers such as pectin and cellulose from the fruit juice processing waste, (ii) production of biocomposite food packaging materials, and (iii) investigation of the effects of reinforcing agents obtained from the fruit juice processing waste on the mechanical, barrier and biodegradation properties of biocomposite materials were summarized.
- Published
- 2019
31. Production of pomegranate snacks as affected by different pre-treatments.
- Author
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ERSUS, Seda, ÇETİNER, Miray, HAYATİOĞLU, Nergiz, and HEPÇİMEN, A. Zeki
- Subjects
POMEGRANATE ,SNACK foods ,OXIDANT status ,ANALYTICAL chemistry ,FRUIT ,POLYWATER - Abstract
Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effects of different formulations on quality of pomegranate pestil.
- Author
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ERSUS, Seda and HEPÇİMEN, Ahmet Zeki
- Subjects
THICKENING agents ,POMEGRANATE ,FLOUR ,POMEGRANATE juice ,WHEAT starch ,OXIDANT status - Abstract
Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Production Of Biocomposite Packaging Materials From Fruit Juice Processing Wastes.
- Author
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ERSUS, Seda, YALÇIN MELİKOĞLU, Arzu, and CESUR, Serap
- Subjects
- *
FRUIT juice processing , *PECTINS , *PACKAGING materials , *HEMICELLULOSE , *BIOPOLYMERS , *FILLER materials - Abstract
The use of biocomposite packaging materials is nowadays considered as an important issue for overcoming the environmental problems caused by plastic-based packaging materials that is produced from fossil fuels which take centuries to degrade in nature. Biocomposite materials are made up of two components, a polymer matrix and a natural organic reinforcing agent/filling material. In the production of biocomposites, the use of low-cost and widely available waste materials have advantages such as increasing biodegradability and a reduction in weight of the more expensive materials. The pomace resulting from the large quantities of peel, seed, stalks, etc. produced as waste by the fruit juice processing sector, and the polysaccharides such as starch, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin derived from this pomace, has the potential to be used as reinforcing agent and/or filling material in the development of biocomposite packaging materials with 10-50% (w/w) addition. In this review, (i) extraction of some of the biopolymers such as pectin and cellulose from the fruit juice processing waste, (ii) production of biocomposite food packaging materials, and (iii) investigation of the effects of reinforcing agents obtained from the fruit juice processing waste on the mechanical, barrier and biodegradation properties of biocomposite materials were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Disintegration efficiency of pulsed electric field induced effects on onion (Allium cepa L.) tissues as a function of pulse protocol and determination of cell integrity by 1H-NMR relaxometry
- Author
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Ersus, Seda, Oztop, Mecit Halil, McCarthy, Michael J., and Barrett, Diane M.
- Subjects
Cell membranes -- Physiological aspects ,Electric fields -- Measurement ,Electric fields -- Usage ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy -- Usage ,Onions -- Physiological aspects ,Onions -- Storage ,Business ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Published
- 2010
35. Critical electric field strengths of onion tissues treated by pulsed electric fields
- Author
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Asavasanti, Suvaluk, Ersus, Seda, Ristenpart, William, Stroeve, Pieter, and Barrett, Diane M.
- Subjects
Cell membranes -- Physiological aspects ,Onions -- Physiological aspects ,Onions -- Storage ,Pyruvates -- Chemical properties ,Electric fields -- Measurement ,Electric fields -- Usage ,Business ,Food/cooking/nutrition - Published
- 2010
36. DETERMINING the SUITABILITY of CANNING GLASSWORT (Salicornia herbacea) IN GLASS JARS
- Author
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Ersus, Seda Bilek, Özbey2, Ümmühan, Yurdagel, Ünal, and Ege Üniversitesi
- Subjects
deniz börülcesi ,lcsh:TP368-456 ,sterilization ,F0 değeri ,glasswort ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi ,lcsh:Food processing and manufacture ,F0 value ,Halophytes ,Chenopodiaceae ,sterilizasyon ,Salicornia herbacea ,Halofitler - Abstract
Deniz börülcesi, deniz kenarında ve tuzlu bataklık ortamlarında yetişen tek yıllık, etli, tuzcul ve mineral içeriği açısından zengin bir bitkidir. Deniz börülcesi mayıs ayından itibaren başlayarak yaz aylarında toplanmakta, ülkemizde taze veya haşlanarak salata olarak tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada deniz börülcesinin uzun süre tüketilebilirliğinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Taze deniz börülcesinin pH değerinin 5.9±0.1 olması nedeniyle konserveye işlenen örneklere 100 °C’nin üzerindeki sıcaklıklarda ısıl işlem uygulanmıştır. Deniz börülceleri ön işlemlerden geçirildikten sonra, cam kavanoz içerisinde iki farklı sterilizasyon sıcaklığında (115 ve 120 °C) hedeşenen F0=8.0 değerine ulaşmak için gerekli ısıl işlem sürelerinde sterilize edilmiştir. Kalite değişimlerini belirlemek için sterilizasyon işlemi öncesinde, sonrasında ve 6 aylık depolama süresinde deniz börülcesi örneklerine kimyasal, fiziksel, duyusal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda 120 °C’de sterilize edilenlerin kalite özelliklerinin korunumu açısından, 115 °C’de ısıl işleme tabi tutulan örneklerin ise duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre tüketilebilirlik açısından daha iyi olduğu bulgulanmıştır., Glassworts are succulent, annual "halophytes", or plants that thrive in saline environments, such as seacoasts and salt marshes. Glassworts have high mineral content and can be consumed as salad either fresh or boiled. the consumption time is a few months starting from May. in this study, our objective is to increase the storage stability and consumption time of glasswort by canning in glass jars. in canning process, two different sterilization temperatures (115 and 120 °C) were used. Target F0=8.0 value was chosen for microbiological stability. the pH value of glasswort was found 5.9±0.1. Chemical, physical, sensory and microbiological analyses were applied on glasswort after canning, sterilization and 6 month storage in order to investigate the quality changes. the results showed that canning at 120°C was better in terms of protecting the quality of the canned product as compared to the 115°C sterilization temperature. on the other hand, the 115 °C sterilized products were preferred due to the sensory evaluation.
- Published
- 2015
37. Effect of Food Processing and Storage on Carotenoids
- Author
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Ersus, Seda Bilek, Özkan, Gülay, and Ege Üniversitesi
- Subjects
Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Meyve ve sebzelere sarıdan kırmızıya kadar değişik renk veren karotenoid grubu renk maddeleri hakkında genel bilgiler, sağlık üzerine etkileri, provitamin A etkinliği, antioksidan kapasiteleri, gıda işlenmesi, depolanması sırasında yapılarında meydana gelen değişimler ve stabiliteleri ile ilgili bilgiler bu çalışma kapsamında derlenmiştir. Çok sayıda çift bağ içeren yapılar nedeniyle karotenoidler kolaylıkla izomerizasyona veya oksidasyona uğrayabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle gıdalara verdikleri renk zamanla kayıplara uğramakta, gıda ürünlerinde istenmeyen bir durum olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak bu durumun önlenmesi ile ilgili araştırma sonuçları kaliteli gıda üretimi açısından oldukça önemlidir., Carotenoids are responsible from the unique colour of fruits and vegetables ranging from pale yellow through bright orange to deep red. the effects of dietary carotenoids on human health, their provitamin A and antioxidant activity, stability and chemical changes during food processing and storage were outlined in this review. Because food carotenoids are highly unsaturated, they are susceptible to isomerization and oxidation during processing and storage. Because of these reactions, food products may lose their colour attributes at the end of processing and storage. More studies are needed to minimize undesired colour changes in food products during processing and storage.
- Published
- 2012
38. Development of environmentally friendly composite packaging films from safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) plant wastes
- Author
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Melikoğlu, Arzu Yalçın, Tekin, İdil, Hayatioğlu, Nergiz, and Ersus, Seda
- Abstract
Safflower, a widely utilized industrial plant in the production of vegetable oil and biodiesel, generates safflower heads as waste during seed oil extraction, which is known to be rich in cellulose. In this study, the production and characterization of environmentally friendly biocomposite and nano-biocomposite packaging films with a reduction in the utilization of fossil-based materials were focused on. The materials of interest were cellulose (SC) and cellulose nanocrystals (SNC), which were derived from safflower head waste (SAW). The fillers SC and SNC were subjected to analysis to investigate changes in their chemical structure (FTIR), degree of crystallinity (XRD), and surface morphology (SEM and AFM). It was observed that SNC, obtained from SC, exhibited a higher crystallinity level (62%) compared to SC, and displayed mostly spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 100 nm. The production of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) based biocomposite and nano-biocomposite packaging films filled with SC (5%–20%) and SNC (0.1%–1.5%) was conducted in two stages: compound production using a twin-screw extruder and blown film extrusion. The incorporation of SC resulted in a 75% decrease in the mechanical properties of LDPE/SC biocomposite material. However, the addition of SNC proved to be relatively effective in maintaining the mechanical properties of LDPE/SC/SNC nano-biocomposite films. Furthermore, the LDPE/SC/SNC nano-biocomposite films exhibited increased crystallinity and gas permeability compared to LDPE, which can be attributed to the effective interaction between LDPE and the fillers (SC and SNC).
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Optimization of Cellulose Extraction Parameters and Production of Nanocellulose from Black Carrot Juice Wastes.
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HAYATİOĞLU, Nergiz, TEKİN, İdil, and ERSUS, Seda
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- *
CELLULOSE , *SUSTAINABILITY , *CARROTS , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *ATOMIC force microscopy , *AGRICULTURAL waste recycling - Abstract
Agricultural wastes are abundant worldwide with increased production and consumption activities as a result of human population growth. Waste recycling processes, which are important to support sustainable production, remain popular due to the increasing amount of agricultural waste. In particular, there are various studies on the recovery of valuable components from waste. In this context, the recovery of cellulose and nanocellulose from waste, which has the potential to be used and applied in many sectors, especially in food, draws attention. Although black carrot juice waste, which is one of the important agricultural wastes, is frequently used in the production of natural colorants, it was used for the production of cellulose and nanocellulose in this study due to its high cellulose content. Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design was used to improve the alkaline extraction conditions of cellulose for the optimum yield and whiteness index by using process parameters of NaOH concentration (2-12%), process temperature (25-110 °C), and time (60-240 min). The optimum process parameters were determined as the NaOH concentration (7.06%), process temperature (44.83°C), and time (114.21 min) for alkaline extraction of cellulose from black carrot juice waste where the yield of cellulose was 22.90±2.48%, and whiteness index was 60.32±0.07%. Nanocellulose was produced from cellulose obtained from black carrot juice waste by acidic hydrolysis using 25% H2SO4. Nanocellulose yield and whiteness index were found as 15.76±0.16% and 58.77±0.26% respectively. The average diameter (61±2.89 nm) and length (281±18.50 nm) of the nanocellulose were determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). As a result of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was determined that non-cellulosic components were removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Determination of Organic acids, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Fruit
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ÇAM, Mustafa and Ersus, Seda
- Published
- 2006
41. Kimi hazır yemek konservelerinin cam kavanozda sterilizasyonu konusunda araştırma
- Author
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Ersus, Seda, Yurdagel, Ünal, and Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Canned ,Glass jar ,Food Engineering ,Sterilization ,Storage ,Heat treatment ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
rv ÖZET KİMİ HAZIR YEMEK KONSERVELERİNİN CAM KAVANOZDA STERİLİZASYONU KONUSUNDA ARAŞTIRMA ERSUS, Seda Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Ünal YURDAGEL Ocak 1999, 99 sayfa Bu tezde, `barbunya pilaki`, `etli türlü` ve `yaprak sarma` olmak üzere üç çeşit hazar yemek konservesi kullanılmıştır. Denemelerde hazır yemek konservelerinden `barbunya pilaki` ve `etli türlü` hazır yemek konservesi cam kavanozda ve iki farklı sterilizasyon sıcaklığında (1 15° ve 120°C) amaçlanan sırası ile Fo 3 ve Fo 6 değerine ulaşmak için gerekli süreler kadar sterilize edilmiştir. Yaprak sarma hazır yemek konservesi ise 108°C sıcaklıkta sanayii şartlarında, cam kavanoz içinde sterilize edilmiştir. Yapılan fiziksel, kimyasal, duyusal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda üç çeşit hazır yemek konservesinin ısıl işlem koşullarına bağlı olarak, tercih nedeni olan kalite özellikleri ve mikrobiyolojik yönden güvenilirliği irdelenmiştir. Anahtar sözcükten Hazır yemek konservesi, sterilizasyon, Fo değeri, cam kavanoz. ABSTRACT A RESEARCH ON THE STERILIZATION OF SOME READY TO EAT MEALS IN GLASS JARS ERSUS, Seda M.Sc. in Food Eng. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ünal YURDAGEL January 1999, 99 pages In this thesis, three different types of ready to eat meals namely `canned stewed spotted-red beans in vegetable oil`, `canned mixed vegetables with meat ready to serve` and `canned stuffed vine leaves in vegetable oil` were investigated. In trials `canned stewed spotted-red beans in vegetable oil` and `canned mixed vegetables with meat ready to serve` ready to eat meals were sterilized in glass jars, at two different temperatures (115° and 120°C) for periods that corresponded to the aimed Fo 3 and Fo 6 values, respectively. Canned stuffed vine leaves in vegetable oil, in glass jars, was sterilized at 108°C according to industrial sterilization conditions. As a result of physical, chemical, organoleptical and microbiological analysis, microbiological safety and quality attributes of ready to eat meals were determined. Key words: Ready to eat foods, sterilization, Fo value, glass jar. 99
- Published
- 1999
42. INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF STRAWBERRIES AND BITTER ORANGE PEELS
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Hussien, Azza, primary, Moharram, H., additional, Salama, Manal, additional, and Ersus, Seda, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. YENİLEBİLİR MISIR ZEİNİ FİLMİ KAPLAMANIN ORTA NEMLİ DOMATES KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ.
- Author
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Baysal, Taner, Ersus, Seda, and Apaydın, Elif
- Subjects
- *
TOMATOES , *FOOD preservation , *FOOD storage , *FOOD industry , *AGRICULTURAL processing , *FARM produce storage , *BACTERIA - Abstract
Dried tomatoe samples were dipped into 2.5% citric acid solution at 80 ±C for 2 minutes for achieving the intermediate moisture content. Then the samples were coated with natural corn protein zein based films. Different treatments were applied on the intermediate moisture tomatoes to compare the effects of coating process on the quality of tomatoes over 10 months storage at 5 and 20 ±C. Treatments were as follows: (1) control group (not coated), (2) potassium sorbate containing zein film coating, (3) potassium sorbate and ascorbic acid containing zein film coating and (4) (only) zein film coating. Coating was found to be effective on weight loss of samples during storage period. It as also identified that sorbate addition to the films decreased the rate of microbial growth. The effect of storage temperature on total aerobic mesophilic bacteria count was found statistically significant (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in color values of all samples was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
44. Antosiyaninlerin Ekstraksiyonu,Tanımlanması ve Antioksidant Kapasitesi
- Author
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ERSUS, Seda
- Abstract
Meyve ve sebzelerde bulunan fenolik maddelerden flavanoidler grubunda yer alan ve flavilyum veya difenil benzopiri l yum tuz larının gl i koz itleri olan antosiyaninlerin ekstraksiyon yöntemleri, tanımlanması ve antioksidant kapasiteleri ile ilgili çalışmalar bu çalışma kapsamında derlenmiştir.
45. Functional product development from industrial tomato wastes
- Author
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Erol, Nursen, Ersus, Seda, and Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Süperkritik Akışkan Ekstraksiyonu ,Enzim Destekli Ekstraksiyon ,Lycopene ,Soğuk Sıkım ,Cold Pressing ,Tomato Waste ,Fenolik Madde ,Domates Atıkları ,Supercritical Fluid Extraction ,Enzyme Assisted Extraction ,Phenolic Substance ,Likopen - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında endüstriyel domates salçası atıklarından domates posası (kabuk, lif, çekirdek), kabukları ve çekirdeğinden elde edilen, biyoaktif bileşenlerin, fonksiyonel özellikte katma değeri yüksek ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde kullanılmak üzere ekstraksiyonu amaçlanmıştır. Domates salçası ve domates püresi üretim tesislerinin atığı olan domates posası likopen içeriği bakımından zengindir. Domates posası ve posadan ayrıştırılan domates kabuğu atıklarından likopen eldesi için süperkritik CO2 ekstraksiyonu ve enzim destekli ön işlem ile zeytinyağı içerisinde ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Likopen ekstraksiyonu işlemlerinde yardımcı çözgen olarak zeytinyağı kullanılmıştır. Kuru domates kabuğundan süperkritik CO2 ile likopen ekstraksiyonu işleminde elde edilen likopen oranı zeytinyağının yardımcı çözgen olarak kullanımı sonucu zeytinyağı kullanılmayan örneğe göre 3,5 kat daha fazla ölçülmüştür. Enzimatik destekli ve zeytinyağı içerisinde ekstraksiyonda yüksek verimlilikte likopen eldesi için ekstraksiyon süresi (3 sa), enzim çeşidi ve konsantrasyonu (168 EGU/g + 792 PGNU/g Celluclast L ve Pectinex Ultra SP-L karışımı 1/1 v/v) olacak şekilde domates posası ve kabuğuna enzimatik ön işlem uygulanmıştır. Ekstraksiyonlar, örneklerin zeytinyağı içerisinde 26 °C’de, 2 sa tutulması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. En yüksek likopen (2,53±0,02 mg/kg) ve fenolik madde (27,86 ±0,15mg GAE/L) içeriği domates posasının sadece yağ içerisinde yapılan ekstraksiyonu sonucu elde edilmiştir. En yüksek antioksidan aktivitesi ise domates kabuğunun, enzim destekli ekstraksiyonu (94,30±0,17 mmol TE/L) ve enzim destekli ve zeytinyağı ile ekstraksiyonu (94,54±0,54 mmol TE/L) sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Domates posasından ayrıştırılıp kurutulan çekirdeklerin fonksiyonel özellikteki yağ içeriği %21,86 olarak bulunmuştur. Domates çekirdeğinden soğuk sıkım pres yöntemi ile domates çekirdeği yağı elde edilmiştir. Domates çekirdeği yağının toplam fenolik madde içeriği 104,682±0,117 mg GAE/L ve likopen içeriği 17,198±0,026 mg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Domates çekirdeği yağının içeriğindeki en yüksek yağ asitleri linoleik asit (%56,24), oleik asit (%22,54) ve palmitik asit (%14,21) olarak bulunmuştur. Domates atıklarından elde edilen domates çekirdeği yağı ve likopen içeren bitkisel yağı kullanılarak literatürde ilk defa bir fonksiyonel mayonez reçetesi geliştirilmiştir. En yüksek likopen içeren domates posasından elde edilen likopen eklenerek zenginleştirilmiş ayçiçek yağı (%30 ve %15 w/w) ve domates çekirdeği yağı (%2 ve %4 w/w) mayonez formülasyonuna eklenerek 4 farklı fonksiyonel mayonez üretimi yapılmıştır. Duyusal değerlendirme sonucunda en çok %2 domates çekirdeği yağı içeren mayonez örneği renk olarak panelistler tarafından en yüksek puanı almıştır., In this thesis, it is aimed to extract bioactive components obtained from industrial tomato paste wastes such as tomato pomace (skin, fiber, seed), skins and seeds to be used in the development of products with high added value having functional properties. Tomato pomace, which is the waste of tomato paste and tomato puree production facilities, is rich in lycopene content. Supercritical CO2 extraction and enzyme assisted pretreatment and extraction methods in olive oil were used to obtain lycopene from tomato pomace and tomato peel waste separated from the pomace. Olive oil was used as co-solvent in lycopene extraction processes. The lycopene rate obtained from dried tomato skin with the supercritical CO2 extraction with olive oil as a co-solvent was measured 3.5 times higher than supercritical CO2 extraction of the sample without olive oil. The amount of lycopene recovered from tomato pomace by the supercritical fluid extraction process in which olive oil is used as a co-solvent was found to be 4.5 times higher than that obtained from tomato skin. In order to obtain lycopene effectively with enzymatic pretreatment and extraction in olive oil, enzymatic pre-treatment was applied to the pomace and skin of the tomato with the extraction time (3 h), enzyme type and concentration (168 EGU/g + 792 PGNU/g Celluclast L and Pectinex Ultra SP-L mixture 1/1 v/v). Extractions were carried out by keeping the samples in olive oil at 26 °C for 2 h. The highest lycopene (2.53±0.02 mg/kg) and phenolic compounds (27.86 ±0.15mg GAE/L) contents were obtained as a result of the extraction of tomato pomace only in olive oil. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained as a result of enzyme assisted extraction (94.30±0.17 mmol TE/L) and enzyme assisted extraction with olive oil (94.54±0.54 mmol TE/L) of tomato skin. The functional oil content of dry seeds which are separated from tomato pomace was found to be 21.86%. Tomato seed oil was obtained from tomato seeds by cold pressing method. Total phenolic content of tomato seed oil was determined as 104.682±0.117 mg GAE/L and lycopene content was determined as 17.198±0.026 mg/kg. The highest fatty acids in the content of tomato seed oil were found to be linoleic (56.24%), oleic (22.54%) and palmitic acid (14.21%). Four different functional mayonnaises were produced by adding sunflower oil enriched with lycopene obtained from tomato pomace containing the highest lycopene (30% and 15% w/w) and tomato seed oil (2% and 4% w/w) to the mayonnaise formulation. As a result of the sensory evaluation, the mayonnaise sample containing 2% tomato seed oil received the highest score by the panelists in terms of color.
- Published
- 2022
46. Microwave-assisted pectin extraction from watermelon rinds and use as edible food packaging
- Author
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Tuna, Buse, Ersus, Seda, and Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Pektin ,Optimization ,Optimizasyon ,Mikrodalga Destekli Ekstraksiyon ,Yenilebilir Film ,Edible Film ,Karpuz Kabuğu ,Watermelon Rind ,Geleneksel Ekstrasiyon ,Pectin ,Microwave Assisted Extraction ,Conventional Extraction - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında, karpuz kabuğundan geleneksel ve mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon ile pektin eldesi üzerine çalışılmıştır. Geleneksel yöntemle pektin ekstraksiyonunda etkili parametreler olan sıcaklık (45-95 °C), katı/sıvı oranı (1:10–1:50 g/mL), süre (40-240 dk), pH değeri (1-4) yanıt yüzey metodu ile optimize edilmiştir. Optimum koşulda sıcaklık 82,43 °C, katı/sıvı oranı 1:20g/mL, süre 189,6 dk ve pH değeri 1,75 olarak belirlenerek kuru maddede pektin verimi %15 bulunmuştur. Geleneksel ekstraksiyondaki pektin verimini arttırmak için mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon uygulamasında sanayi tipi mikrodalga gücü 16000 W olan sistemde 2 dk’lık uygulama sonucu örnek sıcaklığı 85±2 °C’ye ulaşmış, pektin verimi kuru maddede %17,19 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen pektinlere, aronya ekstraktı, CaCl2 ve gliserol eklenerek yenilebilir film üretilmiştir. Çilek ve küp kesilmiş elmaların raf ömrünü arttırmak için bu filmlerle kaplama işlemi uygulanmıştır. Çilekler +5°C’de 16 gün, küp elmalar +5°C’de 7 gün depolanarak kalite analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikrodalga pektinle kaplanmış çilek ve küp elmaların toplam fenolik madde miktarı depolama sonunda kontrol örneğe göre sırasıyla %44,27 ve %46,07 daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Mikrodalga destekli pektin ekstraksiyonun kısa sürede yüksek verimde pektin eldesine ve daha iyi film oluşturarak meyvelerin raf ömrüne olumlu etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
- Published
- 2021
47. Production of cellulose and nanocellulose reinforcement agents from apple romace and their utilization in the development of low density polyethylene based biodegradable food packaging materials
- Author
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Yalçın Melikoğlu, Arzu, Ersus, Seda, and Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Az İşlem Görmüş Ispanak ,Nanocomposite ,Apple Pomace ,Pasif Modifiye Atmosferde Ambalajlama ,Passive Modified Atmosphere Packaging ,Selüloz Nanokristalleri ,Elma Posası ,Cellulose Nanocrystals ,Selüloz ,Minimally Processed Spinach ,Biyokompozit ,Cellulose ,Biocomposite ,Nanokompozit - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında; plastik esaslı ambalaj atıklarının yarattığı çevresel sorunlara çözüm üretmek amacıyla biyo-baz içeriğine sahip, biyobozunur özellikte biyokompozit ve nanokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinin ekstrüzyon tekniği ile üretimi sağlanmıştır. Çalışma; (i) elma posasından takviye ajanlarının eldesi, (ii) alçak yoğunluk polietilen (AYPE) esaslı biyokompozit ve nanokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinin ekstrüzyon tekniği ile üretimi ve (iii) gıda ambalajlama uygulamaları olmak üzere toplam 3 aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk aşamada kurutulmuş ve öğütülmüş elma posasından, yanıt yüzey metodu (RSM) kullanılarak belirlenen optimum ekstraksiyon koşullarında %27,96 verimle, yüksek alfa-selüloz miktarı (%85,31) ve beyazlık indisine (47,79) sahip selüloz eldesi sağlanmıştır. Selülozdan ise asit hidrolizi ve ultrasonifikasyon işlemleri ile nanoselüloz üretilerek, örneklerin kimyasal yapısındaki değişim (FTIR), kristallik derecesi (XRD) ve yüzey morfolojisi (SEM ve AFM), incelenmiştir. Elma posasına uygulanan kimyasal işlemlerin hemiselüloz ve lignin gibi safsızlıkların uzaklaştırılmasında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. XRD analizi sonucu nanoselülozun yüksek kristallik derecesine sahip (%78) olduğu, AFM analizi sonucu ise çubuk/iğne şeklinde selüloz nanokristallerine ait yapıların varlığı saptanmıştır. ikinci aşamada elma posasından elde edilen elma posası tozu, selüloz ve nanoselüloz, AYPE matrise takviye ajanı olarak eklenerek, ekstrüzyon yöntemi ile biyokompozit ve nanokompozit kompaund ve ambalaj filmleri üretilmiştir. Takviye ajanlarının kompozit malzemenin renk, mekanik, kimyasal, ısıl vb. özelliklerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. AYPE esaslı biyokompozit malzemelerde elma posası tozu ve selüloz konsantrasyonundaki artışa bağlı olarak malzemenin mekanik mukavemeti ve transparanlığı azalmış, filmlerin örtücülüğü artmıştır. Simüle toprak altında 12 ay boyunca bekletilen örneklerde takviye ajanı konsantrasyon artışına bağlı olarak malzemede ağırlık kaybının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Elma posası ve selüloz (%10-15) katkılı biyokompozit malzemelerde yaklaşık %5, %1 nanoselüloz içeren nanokompozit ambalaj malzemelerinde ise yaklaşık %1,5 oranında ağırlık kaybı meydana gelmiştir. Üçüncü ve son aşamada seçili ambalaj malzemelerinin gıda ambalaj materyali olarak, az işlem görmüş ıspanağın (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Kuzu) ambalajlanmasında kullanım potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Az işlem görmüş ıspanak pasif modifiye atmosferde AYPE (kontrol) ve %1 nanoselüloz içeren nanokompozit ambalaj malzemeleri ile +4 °C‘de 17 gün depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince, ıspanağın kendine özgü yeşil renginde, toplam klorofil ve askorbik asit miktarında azalma, pH değeri ve ağırlık kaybında ise artış saptanmıştır. Her iki ambalaj grubunda da ıspanakların mikrobiyolojik açıdan 17 gün tüketime uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nanokompozit ambalaj malzemesinde depolanan ıspanakların, kontrol grubunda depolanan örneklere nazaran duyusal açıdan kabul edilebilirliğinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Elma posasından elde edilen selüloz ve nanoselüloz gibi katma değeri yüksek ürünlerin takviye ajanı olarak AYPE hammaddeye biyo-baz içeriği ve biyobozunma davranışı kazandırılmasında etkili olduğu ve gıda ambalaj materyali olarak kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır., In this thesis, the production of biocomposite and nanocomposite packaging materials with bio-based content and biodegradable properties were produced by the extrusion method as a solution to environmental problem of plastic-based packaging waste. The study was carried out in three stages: (i) the production of reinforcing agents from apple pomace, (ii) the production of low-density polyethylene based (LDPE) biocomposite and nanocomposite packaging materials by an extrusion method and (iii) food packaging applications. Stage 1, involved the production of cellulose with a high alpha-cellulose content (85.31%) and a whiteness index (47.79) from dried and ground apple pomace under optimum extraction conditions, determined by using the response surface method (RSM), with a yield of 27.96%. Then, nanocellulose was produced from the cellulose through acid hydrolysis and ultrasonication processes. The chemical structure of the samples (FTIR), degree of crystallinity (XRD) and the surface morphology (SEM and AFM) change in were examined. It was found that chemical treatments applied to apple pomace were effective in the removal of impurities such as hemicellulose and lignin. XRD analysis results were indicated that the nanocellulose had a high degree of crystallinity (78%), while the AFM analysis revealed rod/needle-like shaped cellulose nanocrystals. In stage 2, the apple pomace powder, cellulose and nanocellulose obtained from apple pomace were added as reinforcing agents to the LDPE matrix to produce biocomposite and nanocomposite compounds and packaging films. The effect of reinforcing agents on the color and mechanical, chemical, thermal, etc. properties of the composite material was assessed. Due to the increased apple pomace powder and cellulose concentrations in the LDPE-based biocomposite materials, their mechanical strength and transparency decreased, and the opacity of the films increased. In biodegradability analysis, the samples were kept in simulated soil over 12 months, it was found that the weight loss of the material increased with the increase in reinforcing agents concentrations. Approximately 5% loss of weight was noted in the biocomposite materials containing apple pomace powder and cellulose (10–15%), along with weight loss of approximately 1.5% occurring in nanocomposite packaging materials containing 1% nanocellulose. In the final stage, the potential usage of the selected packaging materials effect on the packaging of minimally processed spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Kuzu), were investigated. The minimally processed spinach samples were stored in a passive modified atmosphere with LDPE (control) and nanocomposite packaging materials containing 1% nanocellulose at +4°C for 17 days. During storage, a decrease was observed in the specific green color of the spinach, and in the total amount of chlorophyll and ascorbic acid, along with an increase in the pH value and weight loss. It was found that the spinach stored in both packaging materials was microbiologically acceptable for consumption over 17 days, although it was found that the spinach stored in the nanocomposite packaging material had higher scores for sensory acceptability than the control group. It was concluded that high value-added products such as cellulose and nanocellulose obtained from apple pomace were effective in providing bio-based content and biodegradation behavior to LDPE as reinforcing agents, and showed high potential to be used as food packaging materials.
- Published
- 2020
48. Production and characterization of nanocellulose from fruit and vegetable processing waste
- Author
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Hayatioğlu, Nergiz, Ersus, Seda, and Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Optimization ,Watermelon Rind ,Acid Hydrolysis ,Optimizasyon ,Vişne Sapı ,Sour Cherry Stalk ,Siyah Havuç Posası ,Karpuz Kabuğu ,Nanoselüloz ,Asit Hidrolizi ,Selüloz ,Cellulose ,Black Carrot Pulp ,Nanocellulose - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında meyve ve sebzelerin işlenmesi sırasında ortaya çıkan siyah havuç posası, vişne sapı ve karpuz kabuğu atıklarından nanoselüloz üretilmiştir. İlk aşamada, atıklardan optimum verim ve beyazlık indeksine sahip selüloz üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, alkali işlem etken parametreleri olan sodyum hidroksit konsantrasyonu, işlem sıcaklığı ve süresi Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi-Merkezi Tümleşik Tasarım (Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design) ile optimize edilmiştir. En uygun alkali işlem koşulları siyah havuç posası için %7,06 NaOH, 44,83 ˚C/114,21 dk, vişne sapı için %8,73 NaOH, 92,23 ˚C/122,60 dk ve karpuz kabuğu için %8,89 NaOH, 49,82 ˚C/96,49 dk olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum işlem parametrelerinde üretilen selülozların verim ve beyazlık indeksi sonuçları siyah havuç posası için %22,90±2,48 ve %60,32±0,07, vişne sapı için %17,39±0,09 ve %55,85±0,05 ve karpuz kabuğu için %20,87±1,16 ve %66,33±0,07 olarak bulunmuştur. İkinci aşamada asit hidrolizi yöntemi ile siyah havuç posası, vişne sapı ve karpuz kabuğundan sırasıyla %15,76±0,16, %5,57±0,09 ve %13,15±0,13 verimde nanoselüloz elde edilmiştir. Üretilen nanoselülozların beyazlık indeksi değerleri siyah havuç posası için %58,77±0,26, vişne sapı için %52,07±0,16 ve karpuz kabuğu için %64,30±0,81 olarak belirlenmiştir. Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu (AFM) analizi sonucunda siyah havuç posası, vişne sapı ve karpuz kabuğundan elde edilen nanoselülozların sırasıyla 61±2,89, 61±8,08, 59±0,58 nm çap ve 281±18,50, 225±20,51, 317±75,36 nm uzunluğa sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir., In this thesis study nanocellulose was produced from black carrot pulp, sour cherry stalk and watermelon rind wastes that emerged during the processing of fruits and vegetables. In the first step, cellulose with optimum yield and whiteness index was produced from the wastes. For this purpose, the NaOH concentration, process temperature and time, which are the alkaline process parameters, were optimized by Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD). Optimum alkali treatment conditions were determined as 7,06% NaOH, 44,83 ˚C/114,21 min for black carrot pulp, 8,73% NaOH, 92,23 ˚C/122,60 min for sour cherry stalk and 8,89% NaOH, 49,82 ˚C/96,49 min for watermelon rind. Yield and whiteness index results of celluloses produced in optimum process parameters were found as 22,90±2,48% and 60,32±0,07% for black carrot pulp, 17,39±0,09% and 55,85±0,05% for sour cherry stalk, 20,87±1,16% and 66,33±0,07% for watermelon rind. In the second step, nanocellulose was obtained from black carrot pulp, sour cherry stalk and watermelon rind by acid hidrolysis, yield at 15,76±0,16%, 5,57±0,09% and 13,15±0,13%, respectively. Whiteness index values of the obtained nanocelluloses were determined as 58,77±0,26% for black carrot pulp, 52,07±0,16% for sour cherry stalk and 64,30±0,81% for watermelon rind. As a result of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis the nanocelluloses obtained from black carrot pulp, sour cherry stalk and watermelon rind were found to have a diameter of 61±2,89, 61±8,08, 59±0,58 nm and a length of 281±18,50, 225±20,52, 317±75,36 nm, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
49. Bitkisel protein üretimi ve ekstraksiyon koşullarının optimizasyonu
- Author
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Çetiner, Miray, Ersus, Seda, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Ersus Bilek, Seda, and Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Ebegümeci ,Protein Tozu ,Protein Powder ,Mallow ,Food Engineering ,Plant Protein ,Bitkisel Protein ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Günümüzde artan nüfusla birlikte mevcut protein kaynakları azalmakta ve yeni alternatif protein kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bitkisel protein kaynaklarının ucuz ve kolay ulaşılabilir olması, vegan ve vejetaryen gibi özel tüketici gruplarına hitap etmesi ve besleyici içeriklerinin yüksek olmasından dolayı, bu tip ürünler iyi bir alternatif protein kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, "Büyük ebegümeci" (Malva sylvestris) yapraklarından alternatif bitkisel protein tozu üretilmiştir. Ebegümeci yapraklarının kuru madde içeriği %18,58±0,11, Dumas ve Kjeldahl yöntemleriyle belirlenen kuru madde bazında protein içeriği ise sırasıyla %40,01±0,23 ve %37,93±0,31'dir. Ebegümeci yapraklarının amino asit bileşimi incelendiğinde önemli oranlarda aspartik asit (%13,9), glutamik asit (11,9) ve lösin (9,6) içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Ebegümeci yapraklarından yüksek verimde protein eldesi için en uygun yöntemin belirlenmesi amacıyla izoelektrik çöktürme, amonyum sülfat çöktürme ve izoelektrik/amonunyum sülfat çöktürme yöntemleri uygulanması sonucunda protein verimleri sırasıyla %14,04±0,42, %17,30±0,87 ve %26,53±0,81 bulunmuştur. En yüksek protein verimine izoelektrik/amonyum sülfat çöktürme yöntemi ile ulaşıldığı belirlendikten sonra ekstraksiyon parametrelerinden pH değeri 8,5 ve katı:çözgen oranı 1:20'de sabit tutularak farklı ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı (60,70 ve 80 °C) ve sürenin (60 ve 120 dk.) protein verimine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Örnekler %8 konsantrasyonda enzim ile 45 °C'de 30 dk. bekletilerek hücrelerin enzimatik olarak parçalanması için ön işleme tabi tutulduktan sonra belirlenen koşullarda (80 °C ve 60 dk.) ekstrakte edilmiştir. Bu durumda, ebegümeci yaprağında bulunan proteinin %47,33±2,12'si elde edilmiştir. Ekstraklar liyoflizatörde (-48 °C, 9 sa) kurutularak protein tozları üretilmiştir. Protein tozlarının toplam kuru madde içeriği %86,30±0,01, toplam kül içeriği ise kuru maddede %7,75±1,32 olarak bulunmuştur. Kuru madde bazında protein miktarı %81,74±1,74 olarak bulunmuştur. Protein tozu elzem amino asitlerden treonini (%8,3), elzem olmayan amino asitlerden ise serin (%16,2) ve aspartik asidi (%15,4) önemli oranlarda içermektedir. Protein tozlarının kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan analizler sonucu yığın yoğunluğu 175,96±2,97 kg/m3, sıkıştırılmış yığın yoğunluğu 253,14±3,61 kg/m3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Protein tozları hesaplanan Carr endeksi (%43,88±2,08) değerine göre iyi bir akabilirlik özelliği göstermediği saptanmıştır. Protein tozlarının L*, a* ve b* değerleri sırasıyla 66,82± 0,01, 0,41±0,01 ve 15,22±0,04 bulunmuştur. Partikül yoğunluğu, ıslanabilirlik ve dağılabilirlik değerleri sırasıyla 302,28± 5,22 kg/m3, 54,67±4,11 sn ve %66,76± 2,30 olarak saptanmıştır. Protein tozlarının pH 6,5, 7,5 ve 8,5 değerlerinde tamamen çözündüğü bulgulanmıştır., Today, with increasing populations, existing protein sources decrease over time, thus alternative protein sources are needed. Plant protein resources are considered as great alternative protein resources due to their rich nutritional content, cheapness, easy to access and address specific consumer groups such as vegan and vegetarian. In this thesis study, alternative plant protein powder is produced from Malva sylvestris (big mallow) leaves. The dry matter content of the mallow leaves was 18,58 ± 0.11% and the protein content based on the dry matter determined by Dumas and Kjeldahl methods was found as 40,01±0,23% and 37,93±0,31%, respectively. When the amino acid composition of the mallow leaves is examined, it has been determined that it contains significantly aspartic acid (13,9%), glutamic acid (11,9%) and leucine (9,6%). In order to determine the most suitable method for produce protein in high yield from mallow leaves, isoelectric precipitation, ammonium sulphate precipitation and isoelectric/ammonium sulphate precipitation methods were tried and protein yields found as 14,04 ± 0,42%, 17,30±0,87% and 26,53±0,81%, respectively. After the determination of the highest protein yield was reached by isoelectric / ammonium sulfate precipitation method, the pH value and solid:solvent ratio of the extraction parameters were kept constant as 8.5 and the 1:20, respectively and, the effect of different extraction temperature (60,70 and 80°C) and time (60 and 120 min.) on protein yield were determined. Samples were incubated for 30 min at 45 ° C with 8% concentration of enzyme as pretreated for enzymatic degradation of the cells, then were extracted under determined conditions (80°C, 60 min.). In this case, 47.33 ± 2.12% protein were obtained from mallow leaf protein. The extracts were dried in the lyophilized medium (-48 °C, 9 h) to produce protein powders. The total dry matter content of the protein powders was %86,30± 0,01 and the total ash content was found as 7,75 ± 1,32% in the dry matter. The amount of protein on dry matter basis was found 81.74 ± 1.74%. Protein concentrate powder contains threonine (8.3%) from essential amino acids, and cool (16.2%) and aspartic acid (15.4%) from non-essential amino acids. In order to determine the quality characteristics of protein powders, bulk density was determined as 175,96 ± 2,97 kg/m3 and compressed bulk density was 253,14 ± 3,61 kg/m3. It was determined that the protein powders did not show a good flowability according to the calculated Carr index (43.88 ± 2.08%). L *, a * and b * values of protein concentrates were found as 66,82 ± 0,01, 0,41 ± 0,01 and 15,22 ± 0,04, respectively. The particle density, wettability and dispersibility values were 302,28 ± 5,22 kg/m3, 54,67 ± 4,11 sec and 66,76 ± 2,30% respectively. Protein concentrates were found to dissolve completely at pH 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5.
- Published
- 2019
50. Kırmızı pancar betalainlerinin enkapsülasyonu
- Author
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Özcan, Kardelen, Ersus Bilek, Seda, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ersus, Seda, and Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Responce Surface Methodology ,Kırmızı Pancar ,Response surface methodology ,Food Engineering ,Red beet ,Ionic Gelation ,Beetroot ,Encapsulation ,Enkapsülasyon ,İyonik Jelleşme ,Betalain ,Gıda Mühendisliği ,Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi - Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında iyonik jelleşme yöntemi kullanılarak kırmızı pancar konsantresindeki betalainlerin enkapsülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enkapsülasyon işlemine etki eden parametrelerin optimizasyonuDesign-Expert (versiyon 7.0.0, Statease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) programı ile yanıt yüzey yöntemi kullanılarak Box-Behnken deneme desenine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu aşamada, enkapsülasyon işlemine etki eden parametreler; (i) kaplama maddesi konsantrasyonu (%1, 2, 3), (ii) aktif madde (70 °Bx kırmızı pancar konsantresi) konsantrasyonu (%5, 10, 15) ve (iii) CaCl2 çözeltisinde bekleme süresi (5, 32, 5, 60 dk) olarak seçilmiştir. Enkapsülasyonda kaplama maddesi olarak sodyum aljinat kullanılmıştır. Optimum işlem parametreleri, kapsüllerdeki betalain miktarının en yüksek olduğu koşullar olan, %1,7 kaplama materyali konsantrasyonu, %14,81 aktif madde konsantrasyonu ve 5 dk bekleme süresi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu parametreler kullanılarak üretilen kapsüllerin betalain miktarı 632,653 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Optimum işlem parametreleri kullanılarak iyonik jelleşme yöntemi ile kırmızı renkli kalsiyum aljinat kapsülleri üretilerek kapsüller vakumlu etüv kullanılarak 40 ºC'de 20 sa boyunca %11,39±0,75 nem içeriğine kadar kurutulmuştur. Kurutulmuş kapsüllerin depolama süresince betalain stabilitesi ve renk değerindeki (L*, a*, b*) değişimleri belirlemek amacıyla kapaklı ve alüminyum folyo ile sarılmış cam kavanoz içerisinde oda sıcaklığında (25±1 ºC) depolanan örnekler 6 hafta boyunca depolanmıştır. Kapsüllerden bir haftalık periyotlarla örnek alınarak betalain miktarı ve renk değerlerindeki değişim incelenmiştir. 6 hafta boyunca bir haftalık periyotlarla alınan örneklerdeki +a*(kırmızılık) değerinin depolama süresince azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu azalma ilk 2 hafta istatistiksel açıdan önemli bulunurken (p>0,05), 3. haftadan itibaren istatistiksel açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur (p, In this thesis study, beetroot betalains were encapsulated using ionic gelation technique as an encapsulation method. The study consisted of five steps. In the first step, the optimum encapsulation process parameters were determined using Design-Expert (versiyon 7.0.0, Statease Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) program and responce surface methodology. In this step, the parameters which are effect to encapsulation process selected as coating material concentration (1, 2, 3%), core material concentration (70 °Bx beetroot juice concentrate) (5, 10, 15%) and waiting time (5, 32, 5, 60 min.). Sodium alginate was used as a coating material for encapsulation. In the second step, red calcium-alginate beads were produced by ionic gelation method using optimum process parameters. In the third step, beads were dried at 40 ºC during 20 hours using vacuum dryer. In the fourth step, changes of betalain stability and color values (L*, a*, b*) of beads which were produced at optimum conditions and dried using vacuum dryer were investigated during storage. Beads were storaged in jar coated with aluminum foil during 6 weeks at room temperature (25 ºC). Each week, samples were analyzed to detemine changes of betalain stability and color values. In the fifth and last step, beads were used as a colorant in yogurt and investigated efficiency. Optimum process parameters according to highest betalain amount in the beads were determined as 1,7% coating material concentration, 14,81% core material concentration and 5 min. waiting time. During the 6 weeks +a* (redness) value of beads have decreased. Reduction of +a* value were found statictically insignificant at the first 2 weeks (p>0,05) and significant from the third weeks (p
- Published
- 2018
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