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The aim of this study was to examine morphometric values of erythrocytes in donkeys and horses. While the hematological and biochemical profiles of horses and donkeys have been previously documented in literature, there are no precise morphometric data regarding erythrocytes in donkeys. Given the increasing presence of donkeys in the world, the need exists to improve knowledge about this species. Balkan donkey is a large autochthonous breed found in Serbia. Blood cell parameters such as red blood cell count (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume or Mean Cell Volume (MCV) are well documented in horses. However, papers examining blood morphometry in donkeys, especially erythrocyte size, are scarce. The clinical examination in this study included a total of 72 horses and donkeys. All animals were adults, located in Vojvodina, Northern Province of Serbia. Blood samples were evaluated and analyzed using ImageJ program. Following the analysis of the morphometric diameters of erythrocytes in donkeys and horses, it can be concluded that donkeys have the largest erythrocyte diameters. The precise reason for this phenomenon is still unknown.

Control of udder health is an essential element in the process of safe milk production. Thus through the mastitis control program dairy farms regularly conduct measures of detection and prevention of udder diseases. Subclinical mastitis is an important disease of dairy cows causing economic losses and physical and chemical changes in milk. The aim of this research was to evaluate the usefulness of the California and the Draminski mastitis test to detect the subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. The efficacy of indirect mastitis tests for diagnosis of the subclinical mastitis was determined by comparing results of mastitis tests with bacteriological findings. The experiment was conducted on two dairy farms (farm A and farm B) Holstein - Friesian breed. A total of 245 quarter milk samples were examined, 95 quarter milk samples with the California mastitis test from farm A and 150 quarter milk samples with the Draminski mastitis test from farm B. A quarter milk samples for bacteriological analysis were taken aseptically during the morning milking in sterile test tubes. On farm A, bacteria growth has not been detected in 46.32% (44/95) quarter milk samples, while on farm B negative bacteriological findings have been found in 50.67% samples (76/150). In present study, sensitivity of the California mastitis test (78.57%) is higher than sensitivity of the Draminski mastitis test (74.32%). The specificity of the California mastitis test and the Draminski mastitis test is 82.05% and 30.26%, respectively. Efficacy of the California mastitis test in detection of the subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is better than that of the Draminski mastitis test, since accuracy of the California mastitis test has been higher.

The experiment included 30 cows of Holstein-Friesian breed, out of which 15 were receiving selenium and zinc in optimal doses before calving, while the others had never been supplemented with these micronutrients. There was analysed the concentration of selenium and zinc in blood and milk serum as well as the average number of somatic cells in corresponding lactation. After the cows exclusion from production, histological characteristics of cows udders were examined. The results of the investigation have shown that addition of selenium and zinc before calving has a positive effect on the values of these microelements in the blood and milk during the period of early lactation, that is, the concentration of these elements was significantly higher in the blood and milk of the cows that obtained selenium and zinc supplements. Also, in these cows there was significantly lower number of somatic cells during the following lacation period. In the parenchyma of the udder there was found less pronounced infiltration of leukocytes, notably thicker keratin layer of ductus papillaris and less expressed repairing processes that indicate a chronic inflammation of the udder in the samples after exclusion of the cows from production. There was a significant positive correlation between selenium in blood and milk, while there was not observed such a correlation for zinc. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of selenium in the blood and milk with the average number of somatic cells and the degree of infiltration of leukocytes, while its influence on the keratin layer of ductus papillarus was not shown. Zinc from blood and udder had a negative correlation with the number of somatic cells, had a positive correlation with the thickness of ductus papillaris keratin layer and had no influence on the level of leukocyte infiltration of udder parenchyma. Zinc demonstrates a positive influence on the formation of ductus papillaris keratin layer and protects the udder from pathogens penetration, while selenium stimulates the immunological response of the udder. Their positive impact can be defined as additive, because athough they have effect on two morphologically separate udder parts, adding both of them significantly decreases the number of somatic cells in milk. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31062]

During the past few decades, continued genetic progress of milk production, coupled with new reproductive technologies performed in high-producing dairy cows, has led to significant decrease in dairy cows fertility all over the world. Delayed postpartum anoestrus is one of the major causes of decreasing fertility and economic losses in intensive milk production. The aim of this paper is to review the causes and possibility for reducing its impact on subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows.

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Trichophytosis is one of the most common skin diseases in cattle. Trichophytosis is a transmissible infectious skin disease caused most often by Trichophyton verrucosum with spores which can remain alive for years in a dry environment. This is a zoonotic disease, as it can equally infect people and animals. The infection spreads rapidly, and this fungal disease leads to certain economic losses. Direct contact with infected animals is the most common method of spreading the infection. During this research, beef cattle aged 4 months were transported from southern Serbia to the part of Vojvodina - Mačva. One month after the transportation, the characteristic gray-white round changes occured on the skin of beef cattle. Affected animals from five individual farms did not receive any treatment, while animals from other five farms were treated with Decanol® solution. As a conclusion, application of therapy or vaccination along with a high quality diet is the best way to to suppress triphophytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted on commercial swine farm unit in Serbia, to evaluate the effectiveness of pregnancy diagnosis with real-time ultrasonography in 87 gilts and 65 sows, performing at different periods after artificial insemination (AI). Positive pregnancy diagnosis was establish in 89.47%, 93.38%, 96.06%, 99.18% and 99.17% gilts+sows, at 17-20d, 21-23d, 24-26d, 27-29d or 42-45d after artificial insemination (res.). According to the total number of examined gilts+sows, positive diagnosis of pregnancy was establish in 89% females at 17 to 20 days, and in 79% females at 42 to 45 days after (AI). It was concluded that real-time ultrasonography is the method for successful early pregnancy diagnosis in commercial farm units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]