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12 results on '"ERC H2020"'

1. Commissioning of the imaging neutral particle analyser for the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencia, Ingeniería de Materiales y Transportes, Universidad de Sevilla. FQM402: Ciencias y Tecnologías del Plasma y el Espacio, European Research Council (ERC). H2020, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. España, Rueda Rueda, José, García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Schneider, P. A., García Domínguez, Javier, Oyola Domínguez, Pablo, Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, Hidalgo Salaverri, Javier, Du, X. D., Van Zeeland, M. A., Videla Trevin, Micaela, Van Vuuren, Anton Jansen, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y de Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ciencia, Ingeniería de Materiales y Transportes, Universidad de Sevilla. FQM402: Ciencias y Tecnologías del Plasma y el Espacio, European Research Council (ERC). H2020, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. España, Rueda Rueda, José, García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Schneider, P. A., García Domínguez, Javier, Oyola Domínguez, Pablo, Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, Hidalgo Salaverri, Javier, Du, X. D., Van Zeeland, M. A., Videla Trevin, Micaela, Van Vuuren, Anton Jansen, and ASDEX Upgrade Team

Abstract

An imaging neutral particle analyser (INPA) diagnostic has been installed and commissioned at the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak. The AUG INPA diagnostic provides energy and radially resolved measurements of the fast-ion (FI) distribution, complementing the existing set of diagnostic which measure the confined FI population. To this end, it analyses charge exchange (CX) neutrals produced in reactions between FI and neutrals injected by a neutral beam injector. These CX neutrals are ionised by a 20 nm carbon foil and deflected towards a scintillator by the machine magnetic field. The use of a scintillator as active component allows us to cover the whole plasma radial range with an energy resolution of 9 keV and a spatial of 3 cm for 93 keV deuterons. First measurements demonstrate the high sensitivity of the INPA diagnostic to different AUG fast-ion distribution functions, from NBI and ion-cyclotron resonance heating origin, and show good agreement with the synthetic diagnostic.

Published
2022

2. The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Research Council (ERC)-H2020, British Ecological Society, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Australian Research Council, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), Eslovenian Research Agency, Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, He, Ji Zheng, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Research Council (ERC)-H2020, British Ecological Society, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Australian Research Council, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), Eslovenian Research Agency, Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, and He, Ji Zheng

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results: We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions: Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome.

Published
2022

3. Ruthenium nanoparticles canopied by heptagon-containing saddle-shaped nanographenes as efficient aromatic hydrogenation catalysts

Author

Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, European Research Council (ERC). H2020, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Cerezo Navarrete, Christian, David, Arthur H.G., García Zaragoza, Adrián, Codesal, Marcos D., Oña Burgos, Pascual, del Rosal, Iker, Martínez Prieto, Luis Miguel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, European Research Council (ERC). H2020, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Cerezo Navarrete, Christian, David, Arthur H.G., García Zaragoza, Adrián, Codesal, Marcos D., Oña Burgos, Pascual, del Rosal, Iker, and Martínez Prieto, Luis Miguel

Abstract

The search for new ligands capable of modifying the metal nanoparticle (MNP) catalytic behavior is of increasing interest. Herein we present the first example of RuNPs stabilized with non-planar heptagon-containing saddle-shaped nanographenes (Ru@1 and Ru@2). The resemblance to graphene-supported MNPs makes these non-planar nanographene-stabilized RuNPs very attractive systems to further investigate graphene-metal interactions. A combined theoretical/experimental study allowed us to explore the coordination modes and dynamics of these nanographenes at the Ru surface. The curvature of these saddle-shaped nanographenes makes them efficient MNP stabilizers. The resulting RuNPs were found to be highly active catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatics, including platform molecules derived from biomass (i.e. HMF) or liquid organic hydrogen carriers (i.e. N-indole). A significant ligand effect was observed since a minor modification on the hept-HBC structure (C = CH2 instead of C O) was reflected in a substantial increase in the MNP activity. Finally, the stability of these canopied RuNPs was investigated by multiple addition experiments, proving to be stable catalysts for at least 96 h.

Published
2022

4. MILLIMETER WAVE SPECTRUM and ASTRONOMICAL SEARCH for VINYL FORMATE

Author

Belén Tercero, Lucie Kolesniková, Carlos Cabezas, José Cernicharo, Elena R. Alonso, JoséL. Alonso, Jean-Claude Guillemin, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13-BS05-0008, ANR, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ERC, European Research Council, 2013-SyG, ERC, H2020 European Research Council, 610256, ERC, H2020 European Research Council, ANR-13-BS05-0008,IMOLABS,Molecules interstellaires : spectroscopie et synthèse en laboratoire(2013), European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Techniques: spectroscopic, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ethyl formate, Spectral line, spectroscopic [Techniques], chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Formate, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Conformational isomerism, molecules [ISM], Physics, 010304 chemical physics, Molecular data, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Catalogues, ISM: molecules, Interstellar medium, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Excited state, Physical chemistry
Abstract

Previous detections of methyl and ethyl formate make other small substituted formates potential candidates for observation in the interstellar medium. Among them, vinyl formate is one of the simplest unsaturated carboxylic ester. The aim of this work is to provide direct experimental frequencies of the ground vibrational state of vinyl formate in a large spectral range for astrophysical use. The room-temperature rotational spectrum of vinyl formate has been measured from 80 to 360 GHz and analyzed in terms of Watson's semirigid rotor Hamiltonian. Two thousand six hundred transitions within J = 3-88 and K = 0-28 were assigned to the most stable conformer of vinyl formate and a new set of spectroscopic constants was accurately determined. Spectral features of vinyl formate were then searched for in Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b, and TMC-1 molecular clouds. Upper limits to the column density of vinyl formate are provided., The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC-2013-SyG, grant agreement No. 610256 NANOCOSMOS, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grants CTQ2013-40717-P, AYA2012-32032, and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00038 program >ASTROMOL>), and Junta de Castilla y Len (grants VA070A08 and VA175U13). J.-C.G. and J.C. thank the ANR-13-BS05-0008 IMOLABS. J.-C.G. thanks the Program PCMI (INSU-CNRS) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) for funding support. E.R.A. thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for an FPI grant.

Published
2016

5. Experimental and numerical investigation of two flame stabilization regimes observed in a dual swirl H2-air coaxial injector

Author

Andrea Aniello, Davide Laera, Sylvain Marragou, Hervé Magnes, Laurent Selle, Thierry Schuller, Thierry Poinsot, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Politecnico di Bari, Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), ERC H2020 Grant Agreement 832248 (SCIROCCO), and European Project: 832248,SCIROCCO

Subjects
Premixed flame, Diffusion flame, Flame stabilization, H, 2, swirling flames, Large eddy simulation, General Chemical Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, General Chemistry, H2 swirling flames, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Fuel Technology
Abstract

International audience; This study investigates H2-air flames obtained with a laboratory scale coaxial dual-swirl injector in which fuel and oxidizer are injected separately. Two flame archetypes are observed experimentally for the same global equivalence ratio φg ≈ 0.45 and two different thermal powers: a flame anchored to the injector (≈ 4 kW) and an aerodynamically stabilized flame exhibiting a characteristic V-shape (≈ 10 kW). Large Eddy Simulations (LES) allow to retrieve both regimes and are used to investigate these two stabilization modes. The numerical setup is first validated against isothermal and reactive Particle Image Velocimetry measurements and OH∗ chemiluminescence images. The mean velocity field of both operating conditions reveals the existence of a strong inner recirculation zone (IRZ) that, penetrating inside the injector nozzle, leads to a radial divergence of the central hydrogen jet, which ultimately favors one stabilization regime over the other. The first flame anchors on the hydrogen injector lip and it develops along the mixing layer between H2 and air swirling jets. The lifted flame, instead, stabilizes in the inner shear layer between the IRZ and the exiting swirling jet of fresh gases, burning over a wide range of equivalence ratios. LES also unveil the flame structures typical of each flame: the anchored one is entirely controlled by diffusion, while the lifted flame is characterized by a first partially premixed branch and a second diffusion front. Finally, high-speed camera and LES are used to analyze the unsteady transition from lifted to anchored flames.

Published
2023

6. Surgical data science – from concepts toward clinical translation

Author

Hubertus Feussner, Swaroop Vedula, Ozanan R. Meireles, Nicolas Padoy, Carla M. Pugh, Russell H. Taylor, Duygu Sarikaya, Bernard Gibaud, Jan Goedeke, Pietro Mascagni, Pierre Jannin, Hirenkumar Nakawala, Toby Collins, Beat P. Müller-Stich, Teodor P. Grantcharov, Stamatia Giannarou, Ines Gockel, Gregory D. Hager, Dogu Teber, Doreen Heckmann-Nötzel, Justin W. Collins, Matthias Eisenmann, Lena Maier-Hein, Sinan Onogur, Anand Malpani, Frank Ückert, Hani J. Marcus, Germain Forestier, Luc Joyeux, Daniel R. Leff, Keno März, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Johannes Fallert, Thomas Neumuth, Minu D. Tizabi, Tobias Roß, Makoto Hashizume, Lars Mündermann, Kevin Cleary, Raphael Sznitman, Kyle Lam, Nassir Navab, Alexander Seitel, Martin Wagner, Amin Madani, Stefanie Speidel, Ron Kikinis, Adrian Park, Danail Stoyanov, Gabor Fichtinger, Hannes Kenngott, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Heidelberg University, Gazi University, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif-European Institute of Telesurgery (IRCAD/EITS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), La société Karl STORZ, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Imperial College London, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L'Institut hospitalo-universitaire de Strasbourg (IHU Strasbourg), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-l'Institut de Recherche contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif (IRCAD)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-La Fédération des Crédits Mutuels Centre Est (FCMCE)-L'Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC)-La société Karl STORZ, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], University College of London [London] (UCL), Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington DC, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Institut de Recherche en Informatique Mathématiques Automatique Signal - IRIMAS - UR 7499 (IRIMAS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Monash university, University of Toronto, Kyushu University, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Bern, Universität Leipzig, University Hospital Leipzig, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, University Health Network, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square [London], Universität Karlsruhe (TH), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), National Center for Tumor Diseases [Dresden] (NCT), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)-German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ)-Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) starting grant COMBIOSCOPY under the New Horizon Framework Programme grant agreement [ERC-2015-StG-637960], the Helmholtz Imaging Platform (HIP), a platform of the Helmholtz Incubator on Information and Data Science, the NCT Heidelberg, BPI France (project CONDOR), the Johns Hopkins Science of Learning Institute Research Grant, the National Institutes of Health [NIDCR R01 DE025265, P41 EB015902, P41 EB015898, R01 CA235589], the Surgical Oncology Program of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG, the Royal Society (UF140290) and NIHR Imperial BRC (Biomedical Research Centre), the ERC - H2020 Autonomous Robotic Surgery (ARS) grant agreement [ERC-2016-ADG-742671], the Surgical Metrics Project - American College of Surgeons (National Society Contract), the Quantified Physician - 7-SIGMA Simulation Systems, Minnesota, MN (Industry Contract), the Tourniquet Master Training - DOD SBIR Phase IIb - Continuation Award [W81XWH-13-C-0021], the Ontology for Human Motion and Psychomotor Performance - Stanford University Media-X, Motion Analysis for Microvascular Anastomosis - University of Wisconsin (Academic Contract), the Precision Learning Initiative - American Medical Association (National Society Grant), Quantifying the Metrics of Surgical Mastery: An Exploration in Data Science (NIH) [R01DK123445], the Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) [203145Z/16/Z], Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/P027938/1, EP/R004080/1, EP/P012841/1], the Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies, the St. Michael’s Hospital, the University of Toronto, the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Area from MEXT, Japan, the National Cancer Data Ecosystem, contract number 19X037Q under Task Order HHSN26100071 from NCI, the project ProteCT [BMBF 16SV8568], the German Research Foundation (DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) as part of Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2050/1 - Project ID 390696704 - Cluster of Excellence 'Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop' (CeTI), the Canada Research Chair in Computer Integrated Surgery, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the ANR with grants ANR-16-CE33-0009 (project DeepSurg), ANR-10-IAHU-02 (IHU Strasbourg) and ANR-20-CHIA-0029-01 (Chair AI4ORSafety), and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) within the OP 4.1 project [BMWI 01MT17001C]., ANR-16-CE33-0009,DeepSurg,Apprentissage Profond à partir de Vidéos Chirurgicales Multi-vues et Multimodales pour Faciliter la Gestion du Bloc Opératoire(2016), ANR-10-IAHU-0002,MIX-Surg,Institut de Chirurgie Mini-Invasive guidée par l'Image(2010), ANR-20-CHIA-0029,AI4ORSafety,Evaluation automatique des vues endoscopiques pour la validation des points de contrôle au bloc opératoire(2020), European Project: 637960,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,COMBIOSCOPY(2015), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institute of Neurology - UCL/Queen Square [London, UK] (IN-UCL-QS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Tumor Diseases - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg, Allemagne] (NCT / DKFZ), and Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Artificial intelligence, Surgical data science, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), media_common.quotation_subject, Aucun, Delphi method, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Health Informatics, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Field (computer science), Machine Learning (cs.LG), [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Computer Science - Computers and Society, 0302 clinical medicine, Computers and Society (cs.CY), Health care, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Quality (business), 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Clinical translation, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Data Science, Deep learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer aided surgery, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Data science, 3. Good health, Current practice, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Data analysis, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, business, Data Annotation
Abstract

Recent developments in data science in general and machine learning in particular have transformed the way experts envision the future of surgery. Surgical Data Science (SDS) is a new research field that aims to improve the quality of interventional healthcare through the capture, organization, analysis and modeling of data. While an increasing number of data-driven approaches and clinical applications have been studied in the fields of radiological and clinical data science, translational success stories are still lacking in surgery. In this publication, we shed light on the underlying reasons and provide a roadmap for future advances in the field. Based on an international workshop involving leading researchers in the field of SDS, we review current practice, key achievements and initiatives as well as available standards and tools for a number of topics relevant to the field, namely (1) infrastructure for data acquisition, storage and access in the presence of regulatory constraints, (2) data annotation and sharing and (3) data analytics. We further complement this technical perspective with (4) a review of currently available SDS products and the translational progress from academia and (5) a roadmap for faster clinical translation and exploitation of the full potential of SDS, based on an international multi-round Delphi process.

Published
2022

7. The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome

Author

Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel, Hu, Hang Wei, Maestre, Fernando T., Guerra, Carlos A., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eldridge, David J., Blanco-Pastor, José Luis, He, Ji Zheng, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, European Research Council (ERC)-H2020, British Ecological Society, Junta de Andalucía, Generalitat Valenciana, Australian Research Council, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation (DFG), and Eslovenian Research Agency

Subjects
Antibiotic resistance, Mobile genetic elements, Human health, Global scale, Global change
Abstract

Background: Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results: We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions: Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome. European Research Council-H2020 702057, 47038, British Ecological Society LRA17\1193 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación RYC2018‑025483‑I, PID2020‑115813RA‑I00, CTM2015‑64728‑C2‑2‑R Junta de Andalucía P20_00879 Generalitat Valenciana CIDEGENT/2018/041 Australian Research Council DP210100332 German Research Foundation FZT 118 Slovenian Research Agency P4‑0107, J4‑3098, J4‑4547

Published
2022

8. The EUREC4A turbulence dataset derived from the SAFIRE ATR 42 aircraft

Author

Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Lothon, Marie, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Richard, Pascal, Bony, Sandrine, Lernoult, Julien, Bellec, Hubert, Vergez, Gilles, Perrin, Thierry, Delanoë, Julien, Jiang, Tetyana, Pouvesle, Frédéric, Lainard, Claude, Cluzeau, Michel, Guiraud, Laurent, Medina, Patrice, Charoy, Theotime, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 694768 European Research Council, ERC, Financial support. This research has been supported by the European Research Council (ERC) H2020 research and innovation program (EUREC4A (grant no. 694768))., Acknowledgements. Airborne data were obtained from the ATR aircraft operated by SAFIRE, the French facility for airborne research, an infrastructure of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Météo-France and the French National Center for Space Studies (CNES). Distributed data are processed by SAFIRE and CNRM/GMEI/TRAMM. The authors gratefully acknowledge all the SAFIRE staff, technicians, engineers, pilots and directors for their considerable efforts and involvement in the realization of the EUREC4A airborne operations. We also thank Pierre Durand (Laboratoire d’Aérologie, University of Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, France) for his contribution to the development of the KH20 aircraft-adapted sensor at its origin as a first initiative. We thank the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) for hosting the ATR and the ATR team in Barbados during the experiment, David Farrell and the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH) for their logistical and administrative support, and the Department of Civil Aviation in Barbados and Andrea Hausold (from DLR) for their help and support with airborne operations. The authors also thank AERIS for their support during the campaign and for managing the EUREC4A database. We also warmly thank the ground-based support team, especially Raphaela Vogel and Jessica Vial from LMD, for there contribution to the real-time flight strategy and Cyrille Flamant for his contribution to the coordination of the flight operations. Finally, we thank Bjorn Stevens for co-coordinating EUREC4A with Sandrine Bony in a professional, ingenious and enthusiastic way. The EUREC4A project was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 694768) with some additional support from the French Space Agency CNES through the EECLAT proposal., European Project: 694768,EUREC4A, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, QE1-996.5, GE1-350, Geology
Abstract

During the EUREC4A field experiment that took place over the tropical Atlantic Ocean east of Barbados, the French ATR 42 environment research aircraft of SAFIRE aimed to characterize the shallow cloud properties near cloud base and the turbulent structure of the subcloud layer. For this purpose, the aircraft payload included radar and lidar remote sensing, microphysical probes, a laser spectrometer, and meteorological sensors. In particular, the aircraft was equipped with a five-hole radome nose as well as several temperature and moisture sensors allowing for measurements of wind, temperature and humidity at 25 Hz. This paper presents the high-frequency measurements made with these sensors and their translation in terms of turbulent fluctuations, turbulent moments and characteristic length scales of turbulence. A particular focus is on the calibration and the quality control of the air moisture measurements, which remain a challenge at fine scales. Level-2 and Level-3 data are distributed as an ensemble of NetCDF files available to the public at AERIS (https://doi.org/10.25326/128, Lothon and Brilouet, 2020).

Published
2021

9. High Coherence at f and 2 f of Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in Silicon Germanium Waveguides

Author

SINOBAD, Milan, Torre, Alberto Della, Armand, Remi, Luther-Davies, Barry, Ma, Pan, Madden, Stephen, Mitchell, Arnan, Moss, David, Hartmann, Jean-Michel, Fedeli, Jean-Marc, Monat, Christelle, GRILLET, Christian, INL - Nanophotonique (INL - Photonique), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INL - Ingénierie et conversion de lumière (i-Lum) (INL - I-Lum), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Australian National University (ANU), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], ERC H2020, ANR-17-CE24-0028,MIRSiCOMB,Source COMB intégrée sur plateforme SiGe nonlinéaire émettant dans le moyen infra-rouge(2017), European Project: 648546,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,GRAPHICS(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon

Subjects
[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

10. Synthesis and properties of new benzothiadiazole-based push-pull dyes for p-type dye sensitized solar cells

Author

Yoann Farré, Fabrice Odobel, Yann Pellegrin, Mahfoudh Raïssi, Arnaud Fihey, Errol Blart, Denis Jacquemin, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 278845, ERC, European Research Council, 278845, ERC, H2020 European Research Council, ANR-12-PRGE-0016-01, ANR, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-12-PRGE-0016,POSITIF,Cellules solaires à colorant par sensibilisation d'oxydes semi-conducteurs de type p pour la fabrication de cellules tandem(2012), European Project: 278845,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-StG_20101014,MARCHES(2012), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Benzothiadiazole, Fluorene, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Photocathode, Tandem cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dyad, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tandem, Process Chemistry and Technology, Non-blocking I/O, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, Dye-sensitized solar cell, Fluorene linker, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Dye sensitized solar cells, Push pull dyes
Abstract

We report the synthesis of three new push-pull dyes specially designed for the sensitization of mesoporous p type semi-conductor NiO for the construction of p type dye sensitized solar cells (pDSC). Their structure stems from the conjugation of the well-known tris(carboxy-arlyamine) anchoring moiety to a benzothiadiazole acceptor through a fluorene ( PP1 ) or thiophene-fluorene linker ( PP2 ). Appending a NDI secondary acceptor onto PP2 yielded a dyad ( PP2-NDI ). The push-pull structure is here particularly adapted to the sensitization of p-type semi-conducting materials. All three dyes were investigated by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, and their electronic properties were modelled by TD-DFT. In all cases, the new sensitizers exhibit adequate absorption features (spanning from 400 nm to 600 nm, extinction coefficients between 20000 and 27000 M −1 cm −1 ) and their thermodynamic parameters are all in favor of efficient interfacial charge transfers involving NiO. pDSC were constructed with all three dyes; high photoconversion efficiencies (PCE) were reached, especially in the case of dyad PP2-NDI (Jsc = 5.90 mA/cm 2 , Voc = 143 mV, FF = 33.8%, PCE = 0.29%), due to a combination of outstanding electronic properties and increased charge separation state lifetime. Tandem DSC (tDSC) composed of a TiO 2 photoanode sensitized by the dye D35 and a NiO photocathode sensitized by PP2-NDI were assembled with two different electrolytes (I 3 − /I − or T 2 /T − based electrolytes). The latter gave PCE among the best ever reported for tDSC (Jsc = 5.90 mA/cm 2 ; Voc = 896 mV; FF = 63%, PCE = 2.80% in the case of the I 3 − /I − electrolyte, Jsc = 4.52 mA/cm 2 , Voc = 840 mV, FF = 60% and PCE = 2.27% for T 2 /T − based devices) unraveling the significance of the new dyes presented in this study.

Published
2018

11. Bragg Ptychography: When Crystallography Meets Microscopy

Author

Chamard, Virginie, Coherent Optical Microscopy and X-rays (COMiX), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ERC H2020, ANR-11-BS10-0005,3D-PtyCCoBio,Ptychographie tri-dimensionnelle pour l'analyse de la cohérence cristalline de biominéraux calcaires(2011), European Project: 724881,H2020,3D-BioMat(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Synchrotron Soleil, Ferrand, Patrick, BLANC - Ptychographie tri-dimensionnelle pour l'analyse de la cohérence cristalline de biominéraux calcaires - - 3D-PtyCCoBio2011 - ANR-11-BS10-0005 - BLANC - VALID, and Deciphering biomineralization mechanisms through 3D explorations of mesoscale crystalline structure in calcareous biomaterials - 3D-BioMat - - H20202017-03-01 - 2022-02-28 - 724881 - VALID

Subjects
[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience; Imaging complex crystalline materials at the nanoscale is a major challenge of nanoscience, which calls for a microscopy method combining sensitivity to the crystalline properties, 3D imaging capability, in situ compatibility and high spatial resolution. In this context, the recent advents of x-ray lensless imaging methods, based on Bragg coherent diffraction, have opened promising perspectives filling the gap between direct microscopies (AFM, SEM, TEM) and reciprocal-space based x-ray Bragg diffraction analysis.3D Bragg ptychography microscopy is a coherent diffraction imaging method developed at third generation synchrotron sources, and which merges concepts developed in inverse microscopy and crystallography. This modality is based on the acquisition of far-field Bragg coherent intensity patterns ; it exploits the partially redundant information obtained by scanning a finite beam spot size transversally to the sample, while measuring the corresponding 3D far-field intensity diffraction pattern by scanning angularly the sample along the rocking curve. Instead of lenses, numerical tools are employed to retrieve the lost phase and hence the complex-valued sample scattering contrast. Thereby, it ensures access to truly quantitative information, such as the crystalline displacement field, from which the 3D strain component and crystalline plane rotations can be derived, with nanoscale spatial resolution. 3D imaging of extended crystalline samples is then possible, opening Bragg coherent diffraction microscopy to a large range of applications.In this presentation, the general concepts of Bragg ptychography will be first detailed, illustrated by recently proposed developments. We will further describe how Bragg ptychography can be exploited to bring new insights on a specific class of materials, the biominerals, which are characterized by a complex hierarchical crystalline structure. Perspectives with respects to the understanding of the biomineralization mechanisms will be finally presented.

Published
2017

12. The fracture toughness of inorganic glasses

Author

Satoshi Yoshida, Tanguy Rouxel, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Shiga Prefecture, 15H04124, JSPS, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 16K06730, JSPS, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 320506, ERC, H2020 European Research Council, 320506, IDEAS-ERC, FP7 Ideas: European Research Council, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, cracks/cracking, 02 engineering and technology, Crack growth resistance curve, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Fracture toughness, Brittleness, elastic materials/properties, Indentation, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Forensic engineering, Ceramic, Composite material, glass, 010302 applied physics, Amorphous metal, Fracture mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, indentation, visual_art, Crack initiation, fracture mechanics/toughness, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Measuring the fracture toughness (KIc) of glasses still remains a difficult task, raising experimental and theoretical problems as well. The available methods to estimate KIc are reviewed, with emphasis on their respective advantages and drawbacks. In view of our current understanding, this analysis gives precedence to the SEPB method. The ultimate glass strength, the critical flaw size, and the indentation load for the onset of crack initiation are discussed, in the light of the fundamentals of fracture mechanics and classical background regarding the mechanics of brittle materials. Analytical expressions were further proposed to predict the fracture energy and fracture toughness of glasses from different chemical systems from their nominal compositions. The theoretical values were compared with the experimental ones, as obtained by self-consistent methods when available. The agreement observed in most cases suggests that measured KIc values correspond to the crack propagation regime (as opposed to the crack initiation threshold), and supports previous investigations in glasses and ceramics, which showed that a crack tip is nearly atomically sharp in these materials (but for metallic glasses). Some ideas to design tougher glasses are finally presented.

Published
2017

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