107 results on '"ERATOSTHENES"'
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2. Pherecydes in Alexandria.
- Author
-
Marshall, Laura
- Abstract
Pherecydes of Syros’ work is difficult to understand because of its fragmentary nature. A previously unexplored perspective on his work is to analyze how it was understood and used in Ptolemaic Alexandria, particularly by Eratosthenes and Callimachus. Eratosthenes’ distinction between Pherecydes of Syros and Pherecydes of Athens (DL 1.119) has been used as a key piece of evidence that those two authors are, in fact, distinct. However, there has been little discussion of Eratosthenes’ interest in these authors outside of that statement. Callimachus’ interest in Pherecydes has also been ignored by both scholars of Pherecydes and scholars of Alexandrian poetry (except for brief references). Through this examination, I argue that Pherecydes of Syros was an important figure in discussions about the development of prose in Ptolemaic Alexandria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. NEWLY DISCOVERED ILLUSTRATED TEXTS OF ARATUS AND ERATOSTHENES WITHIN CODEX CLIMACI RESCRIPTUS.
- Author
-
Williams, Peter J., James, Patrick, Klair, Jamie, Malik, Peter, and Zaman, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
MANUSCRIPTS , *MULTISPECTRAL imaging , *PALIMPSESTS , *COPYING - Abstract
This article presents texts recovered by post-processing of multispectral images from the fifth- or sixth-century underwriting of the palimpsest Codex Climaci Rescriptus. Texts identified include the Anonymous II Proemium to Aratus' Phaenomena , parts of Eratosthenes' Catasterisms , Aratus' Phaenomena lines 71–4 and 282–99 and previously unknown text, including some of the earliest astronomical measurements to survive in any Greek manuscript. Codex Climaci Rescriptus also contains at least three astronomical drawings. These appear to form part of an illustrated manuscript, with considerable textual value not merely on the basis of its age but also of its readings. The manuscript undertexts show significant overlap with the Φ Edition, postulated as ancestor of the various Latin Aratea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ancient Greek Methods of Measuring Astronomical Sizes
- Author
-
Clinch, Adam, Sriraman, Bharath, Section Editor, and Sriraman, Bharath, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Graeco-Roman World
- Author
-
Boccaletti, Dino and Boccaletti, Dino
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Amnesty Applied (I): The Trials of Agoratus and Eratosthenes
- Author
-
Joyce, Christopher J., author
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Catasterisms
- Author
-
Zucker, Arnaud, Smith, R. Scott, book editor, and Trzaskoma, Stephen M., book editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Lysias interrogating Eratosthenes on the murder of Polemarchus (Lys. 12.26)
- Author
-
Angelos Kapellos
- Subjects
eratosthenes ,interrogation ,lysias ,metics ,polemarchus ,theramenes ,thirty ,eratostene ,interrogatorio ,lisia ,meteci ,polemarco ,teramene ,trenta ,History of the Greco-Roman World ,DE1-100 ,Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature ,PA ,History of Law ,KJ2-1040 - Abstract
Eratosthenes arrested Polemarchus, following the orders of the Thirty to seize the money of the metics, and then he brought him to the Council, where he was condemned to death without a proper trial. Eratosthenes could not deny that he had arrested Polemarchus but he hoped to be acquitted by distorting the recent past, which the jurors ignored in all its details. An examination of the questions and answers of Lysias and Eratosthenes, and an assessment of their arguments shows that Lysias was right to regard his opponent as guilty, but the latter still had chances to be acquitted.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Geschichte der Erdmessung
- Author
-
Torge, Wolfgang and Rummel, Reiner, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A comparison of threaded versus non-threaded computing on the sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm
- Abstract
Performance enhancement in computers is a constant challenge for computer engineers, emanating from the constantly changing needs of consumers. Around the 1970s and 80s, computer engineers started designing computer architectures with multiple processors onboard, in order to address the performance challenge. These newer architectures provided a platform that enabled multiprocessing at affordable retail prices. This in turn created an opportunity for software developers to enhance program performance by creating software that could leverage on the underlying architecture through parallelisation to provide a performance advantage over sequential programs. This was not always achieved, however, since parallel programs present more opportunities to generate overhead, which can limit, or even deteriorate a program’s overall performance. In this study, an experimental analysis of two Sieve of Eratosthenes programs, one sequential and one parallel, was conducted in order to verify that parallelisation provided a computational advantage in the program under investigation, to establish whether a variation in the number of available processors had an effect on the overhead incurred, and lastly to investigate the mathematical nature of the overhead incurred. The study concluded that the parallel program provided a computational advantage over the sequential program for all threads computing prime numbers in the ranges greater than 10,000. The results of the study also determined that there existed a positive statistically significant relationship between the number of threads employed and the overhead incurred. In addition to this, the study also determined that overhead was mathematically quantifiable, but not in relation to the number of threads employed. Instead, it was learned that overhead is a product of the parallel program’s execution time and the fraction of efficiency lost. All in all, the study certainly highlighted one benefit of parallelisation, namely performanc
- Published
- 2023
11. A comparison of threaded versus non-threaded computing on the sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm
- Abstract
Performance enhancement in computers is a constant challenge for computer engineers, emanating from the constantly changing needs of consumers. Around the 1970s and 80s, computer engineers started designing computer architectures with multiple processors onboard, in order to address the performance challenge. These newer architectures provided a platform that enabled multiprocessing at affordable retail prices. This in turn created an opportunity for software developers to enhance program performance by creating software that could leverage on the underlying architecture through parallelisation to provide a performance advantage over sequential programs. This was not always achieved, however, since parallel programs present more opportunities to generate overhead, which can limit, or even deteriorate a program’s overall performance. In this study, an experimental analysis of two Sieve of Eratosthenes programs, one sequential and one parallel, was conducted in order to verify that parallelisation provided a computational advantage in the program under investigation, to establish whether a variation in the number of available processors had an effect on the overhead incurred, and lastly to investigate the mathematical nature of the overhead incurred. The study concluded that the parallel program provided a computational advantage over the sequential program for all threads computing prime numbers in the ranges greater than 10,000. The results of the study also determined that there existed a positive statistically significant relationship between the number of threads employed and the overhead incurred. In addition to this, the study also determined that overhead was mathematically quantifiable, but not in relation to the number of threads employed. Instead, it was learned that overhead is a product of the parallel program’s execution time and the fraction of efficiency lost. All in all, the study certainly highlighted one benefit of parallelisation, namely performanc
- Published
- 2023
12. A comparison of threaded versus non-threaded computing on the sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm
- Abstract
Performance enhancement in computers is a constant challenge for computer engineers, emanating from the constantly changing needs of consumers. Around the 1970s and 80s, computer engineers started designing computer architectures with multiple processors onboard, in order to address the performance challenge. These newer architectures provided a platform that enabled multiprocessing at affordable retail prices. This in turn created an opportunity for software developers to enhance program performance by creating software that could leverage on the underlying architecture through parallelisation to provide a performance advantage over sequential programs. This was not always achieved, however, since parallel programs present more opportunities to generate overhead, which can limit, or even deteriorate a program’s overall performance. In this study, an experimental analysis of two Sieve of Eratosthenes programs, one sequential and one parallel, was conducted in order to verify that parallelisation provided a computational advantage in the program under investigation, to establish whether a variation in the number of available processors had an effect on the overhead incurred, and lastly to investigate the mathematical nature of the overhead incurred. The study concluded that the parallel program provided a computational advantage over the sequential program for all threads computing prime numbers in the ranges greater than 10,000. The results of the study also determined that there existed a positive statistically significant relationship between the number of threads employed and the overhead incurred. In addition to this, the study also determined that overhead was mathematically quantifiable, but not in relation to the number of threads employed. Instead, it was learned that overhead is a product of the parallel program’s execution time and the fraction of efficiency lost. All in all, the study certainly highlighted one benefit of parallelisation, namely performanc
- Published
- 2023
13. A comparison of threaded versus non-threaded computing on the sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm
- Abstract
Performance enhancement in computers is a constant challenge for computer engineers, emanating from the constantly changing needs of consumers. Around the 1970s and 80s, computer engineers started designing computer architectures with multiple processors onboard, in order to address the performance challenge. These newer architectures provided a platform that enabled multiprocessing at affordable retail prices. This in turn created an opportunity for software developers to enhance program performance by creating software that could leverage on the underlying architecture through parallelisation to provide a performance advantage over sequential programs. This was not always achieved, however, since parallel programs present more opportunities to generate overhead, which can limit, or even deteriorate a program’s overall performance. In this study, an experimental analysis of two Sieve of Eratosthenes programs, one sequential and one parallel, was conducted in order to verify that parallelisation provided a computational advantage in the program under investigation, to establish whether a variation in the number of available processors had an effect on the overhead incurred, and lastly to investigate the mathematical nature of the overhead incurred. The study concluded that the parallel program provided a computational advantage over the sequential program for all threads computing prime numbers in the ranges greater than 10,000. The results of the study also determined that there existed a positive statistically significant relationship between the number of threads employed and the overhead incurred. In addition to this, the study also determined that overhead was mathematically quantifiable, but not in relation to the number of threads employed. Instead, it was learned that overhead is a product of the parallel program’s execution time and the fraction of efficiency lost. All in all, the study certainly highlighted one benefit of parallelisation, namely performanc
- Published
- 2023
14. Orione in Euforione: a proposito di Euph. frg. 101 Powell.
- Author
-
BERTI, EMANUELE
- Subjects
CERTAINTY ,MYTH ,POETS ,POETRY (Literary form) ,EVIDENCE - Abstract
In a mythographic scholion to Homer's Iliad is reported the story of the birth, death and catasterism of the mythical hero Orion, with the attribution to the hellenistic poet Euphorion of Chalcis (frg. 101 poWell). However, a closer consideration of the narrative found in the scholion shows that this is in reality derived, perhaps via an ancient commentary to Aratus' Phaenomena (where the same story of Orion's death and catasterism is narrated for the first time), from Eratosthenes' Catasterismi, a mythographical handbook, now lost in its original form, probably conceived as a parallel text to Aratus' poem. The evidence provided by the homeric scholion cannot therefore be considered totally reliable, and does not allow to establish with absolute certainty whether and how Euphorion treated the myth of Orion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Two Notes on the Text of Pollux X 1.1‒5 Bethe.
- Author
-
Tribulato, Olga
- Subjects
HYPOTHESIS ,EDITIONS ,LEGENDS ,LEGAL evidence ,LETTERS - Abstract
The tenth prefatory letter of Pollux' Onomasticon transmits two otherwise unattested pieces of information concerning the existence of an anonymous commentary on Xenophon and of a treatise by Eratosthenes of Cyrene entitled Σκευογραφικός. The corrupt state of the text in the manuscript tradition, which the standard edition by E. Bethe has not improved, has so far hindered the full understanding of this passage. This article (a) argues that two corrections should be introduced in 10.2–3 Bethe; (b) suggests that the anonymous commentary on Xenophon quoted by Pollux concerned not only the Περὶ ἱππικῆς, as traditionally assumed, but also the Ἱππαρχικός; and (c) re-examines the evidence supporting the hypothesis that Eratosthenes' Σκευογραφικός was not part of the better-known Περὶ τῆς ἀρχαίας κωμῳδίας, but an independent work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Oikoumene/Orbis Terrarum
- Author
-
Geus, Klaus
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. On the Measurement of the Earth: New Approaches to Our Planet's Distinctive Shape.
- Author
-
Helm, Charles and Klenke, Paul
- Subjects
- *
SURFACE of the earth , *GEODESY , *GEOID , *GEOMETRIC shapes - Abstract
"On the Measurement of the Earth" continues the tradition, which dates back to ancient Greece and the time of Eratosthenes, of works on geodesy. The title is that of the lost work of Eratosthenes on the subject. Cherishing our planet through attention to its dimensions allows us to "know our place" and enjoy the wisdom that comes from this awareness. That the Earth has an ellipsoidal, not spherical, shape is well known. While Chimborazo's resulting status as the point farthest from the Earth's centre is generally understood, many other implications are unappreciated or hitherto undocumented. These include consideration of how to define the height of a mountain, calculation of the place closest to the Earth's centre, a formula for calculating distance to the Earth's centre for any point, a list of summits based on distance from the centre of the Earth and corrected for the geoid, calculation of the Earth's fastest-moving points, and new "Seven Summits" lists. The new concept of terrahelion allows calculation of the land point on the Earth's surface that comes closest to the Sun each year at perihelion. The insights that result from these new considerations of planetary shape provide new exploration opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Una pareja dispareja: Eratóstenes y Colón.
- Author
-
Wörner, C. H.
- Abstract
Copyright of Latin-American Journal of Physics Education is the property of Latin-American Physics Education Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
19. “I Was Following Orders”: An Ancient Greek Archetype of Modern War Crime Legislation.
- Author
-
Kucharski, Janek
- Subjects
- *
WAR crimes , *NUREMBERG War Crime Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1949 , *ATROCITIES , *CRIMINAL law - Abstract
This article discusses Lysias’Against Eratosthenesas an ancient Athenian instance of the superior orders plea, a line of defence made notorious during the Nuremberg trials, which in turn became the cornerstone of modern war crime legislation. Whereas the pre-Nuremberg jurisdiction largely embraced the principle of superior responsibility, whereby a subordinate executing criminal orders was not to be held liable for them, the trials of the Nazi war criminals brought about a complete reversal of this doctrine. While remaining faithful to the spirit of the Nuremberg jurisdiction, the subsequent legislative acts (which dealt, among other things, with the atrocities committed in the former Yugoslavia) sought to further elaborate its underlying principle of absolute liability, in order to precisely determine the question of guilt and innocence. I argue that despite the close relationship between modern legal systems and Roman law, which fully embraced the doctrine of superior responsibility, it is in the juridical thought of ancient Athens that one finds the archetype of contemporary war crime legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Eratosthenes' Erigone fr. 4 Rosokoki (= 22 Powell).
- Author
-
Rozokoki, Alexandra
- Subjects
- *
PRESERVATION of manuscripts , *HIATUS (Linguistics) , *CAESURA in versification , *GREEK literature , *LATIN literature - Abstract
The proposal I make for the restoration of fr. 22 Powell of the Erigone by Eratosthenes faithfully rewrites the manuscript tradition and does not conflict with the metre, as the line Ἰκαριοῖ, etc. (see fr. 4 R.) is balanced, thanks to the trihemimeral caesura and the bucolic diaeresis. To further my argument, I cite a series of hexameters from both earlier epic as well as that of the Hellenistic era, where the secondary caesurae (trihemimeral + hephthemimeral or bucolic) are either found alone or are reinforced, as the main caesura is absent or cannot be applied given the enclitic, preposition, and (sometimes) elision. Starting from the surviving line, I argue that in the Erigone mention was certainly made of the origins of tragedy, which are located in Attica. Eratosthenes drew from a preexisting theory and, through his authority, made it the prevailing one. This can be seen from a plethora of similar evidence, in both later Greek and Latin authors and scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Prime number sieves
- Author
-
Stewart, Andrew and Walter, Roger
- Published
- 2018
22. D7.1 Report on the ECoE research clusters and research groups: management, function and technical capacity
- Author
-
Themistocleous, Kyriacos, Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G., Michaelides, Silas, Neocleous, Kyriacos, Mamouri, Rodanthi-Elisavet, Tzouvaras, Marios, Mettas, Christodoulos, Schreier, Gunter, Kontoes, Charalambos Haris, Ansmann, Albert, and Komodromos, George
- Subjects
Remote Sensing ,HORIZON H2020 ,Computer and Information Sciences ,EXCELSIOR ,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ,ERATOSTHENES ,EMMENA ,Civil Engineering - Abstract
This deliverable focuses on the formation of the Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence thematic research clusters of Environment & Climate, the Resilient Society and Big Earth Data Analytics in terms of the operations, research collaborations, tools to facilitate research, agreeing internal structures and allocating staff responsibilities. This deliverable will focus on the integration of recruited research personnel, research equipment and the Strategic Partners’ expertise to meet the needs of the research groups.
- Published
- 2022
23. Eratosthenes’ Contribution to Ptolemy’s Map of the World.
- Author
-
Shcheglov, Dmitry A.
- Subjects
- *
MAPS , *GEOGRAPHY , *UNITS of measurement , *CARTOMETRY , *CARTOGRAPHY - Abstract
This article attempts to shed some light on the origins of Ptolemy’s map of the world, which remains a mystery. The premise is that Ptolemy and other ancient geographers largely drew on the same or a similar pool of sources and common beliefs. Similarities between them can, therefore, give us a key to understanding the prehistory of Ptolemy’s map. Comparison of distances on his map with those given by other sources leads to the conclusion that a large area of the map, approximately from the Bosporus to the Indus, reproduced Eratosthenes’ geographical system, with linear distances converted to angular degrees according to Eratosthenes’ own scale. It is argued that this area represents a remnant of an earlier version of Ptolemy’s map. Analysis of latitude and longitude reveals notable differences between Ptolemy’s map and Eratosthenes’ ideas concerning the latitude of Babylon and the Alexandrian prime meridian, and the impact this seems to have had on the shape of neighbouring regions is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Eratosthenes' Geography: Fragments Collected and Translated with Commentary and Additional Material by Duane W. Roller
- Author
-
Georgia L. Irby
- Subjects
Eratosthenes ,Greek geography ,History of geography ,Cartography ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Information resources (General) ,ZA3040-5185 - Published
- 2011
25. An algorithm of developing of all the numerals from the relation of equality and Plato's Ideal numbers
- Author
-
Shetnikov, Andrey
- Subjects
Ancient mathematics ,Plato's unwritten doctrine ,Old Academy ,Eratosthenes ,Platonism ,Nicomachus ,Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature ,PA ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Andrej I. Schetnikov (ΣΙΓΜΑ: The Centre for Educational Projects, Novosibirsk), on the basis of testimonies by Nicomachus of Gerasa, Theon of Smyrna and other later authors, reconstructs an algorithm of developing all the numerals (provisionally called the ‘algorithm of Nicomachus’) and demonstrates how this algorithm could be found in the background of the so-called Plato’s ideal numbers. Besides, he suggests that the Platonicus by Erathosthenes, preserved in a fragmentary form by Theon, could be used as a supplementary source for reconstructing the content of the famous lecture of Plato On the Good.
- Published
- 2008
26. D10.1 Report on the dissemination activities and Conference organisation
- Author
-
Loulli, Eleni, Prodromou, Maria, Papoutsa, Christiana, Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G., Themistocleous, Kyriacos, Neocleous, Kyriacos, Schreier, Gunter, Schwarz, Egbert, Krauss, Thomas, Kontoes, Haris, Kaskara, Mariza, Ansmann, Albert, Bühl, Johannes, Seifert, Patric, Komodromos, Georgios, and Tziortzis, Stelios
- Subjects
Remote Sensing ,HORIZON H2020 ,Computer and Information Sciences ,EXCELSIOR ,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ,ERATOSTHENES ,EMMENA ,Civil Engineering - Abstract
This deliverable provides an extensive analysis of the dissemination activities and workshops organisation of the EXCELSIOR H2020 Teaming Project. The analysis starts with the report on our participation in conferences (11) and how the project was promoted through it. Then, we explain about the participation of our team members in talks (17), workshops (7) and seminars (12) as invited speakers. The deliverable continues with a thorough presentation of the lectures by invited speakers (8), the webinar (1) and the workshops (2) organized by our team. Additionally, we document about our participation in other events (i.e., European Researcher’s Night 2021 and SpaceUPCyprus 2021 Live). The last chapter provides the publications, journal papers, conference papers, and book sections for the reporting time period. The deliverable concludes by providing information on the outcome of the reported activities and how they have contributed to the progress of the EXCELSIOR H2020 Teaming Project. It is concluded that there is a strong need to establish links in the EMMENA region and connect with them. This has not been achieved yet, but a strategy was prepared to raise awareness about the EXCELSIOR Project in the EMMENA region and establish partnerships, starting with targeted stakeholders’ workshop in autumn 2021, where selected stakeholders from the region will be invited to be informed them about the project and provide them the space to discuss their needs and identify common scientific interests and ways of collaboration.
- Published
- 2021
27. D6.2 Workplan for transfer of knowledge and experience
- Author
-
Themistocleous, Kyriacos, Schreier, Gunter, Kontoes, Charalambos Haris, Bühl, Johannes, Seifert, Patric, Neocleous, Kyriacos, Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G., Schwarz, Egbert, Krauss, Thomas, Kaskara, Maria, Ansmann, Albert, Komodromos, Georgios, and Tziortzis, Stelios
- Subjects
Remote Sensing ,HORIZON H2020 ,Computer and Information Sciences ,EXCELSIOR ,ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ,ERATOSTHENES ,EMMENA ,Civil Engineering - Abstract
This document represents the ‘Workplan for transfer of knowledge and experience’ (deliverable D.6.2) for the EXCELSIOR project. It focuses on the scope and activities of WP6 ”Knowledge Transfer and Capacity Building”. The main objective of WP6 is to coordinate and manage the knowledge transfer and capacity building that will take place during the EXCELSIOR project with Strategic Partners. The document will provide a workplan of how knowledge transfer and capacity building will take place between the Strategic Partners via workshops, seminars and secondments. This plan relies heavily on the extensive work done at the preparation of the project in defining the seminars, workshops and secondments that will take place between the Strategic Partners. This deliverable focuses on the initial workplan developed for Capacity Building Scheme A, which runs from M26 to M44. The deliverable includes the capacity building and knowledge transfer activities that will be conducted by the Strategic Partners DLR, NOA and TROPOS. The course description and program for selected trainings can be found in the appendices. The present document constitutes the ‘Workplan for transfer of knowledge and experience’ for Capacity Building Scheme period ‘A’ in the framework of the EXCELSIOR project, dedicated to Task T6.1 ‘Personnel Mobility Scheme’ under work package WP6 ‘Knowledge Transfer and Capacity Building’. D6.2 focuses on the trainings that will take place during the Capacity Building Scheme A of the project. This document provides a guideline of the knowledge transfer activities, but it is not limited to the activities that will take place during Capacity Building Scheme A. The Strategic Partners suggested that a flexible workplan is needed in order to identify the gaps and needs of the researchers of the ECoE, especially during the first Capacity Building Scheme and adjust the workplan as needed in order to facilitate more effective knowledge transfer and capacity building. The secondments will be selected by the Strategic Partners as needed, during the knowledge transfer activities, parallel to the demonstration projects in WP7. Selected descriptions of knowledge transfer activities are featured in Appendix A and Appendix B.
- Published
- 2021
28. The Mixed Blessings of Bacchus in Virgil’s Georgics
- Author
-
Fiachra Mac Góráin
- Subjects
Antony ,Augustus. ,Bacchus ,Dionysus ,Eratosthenes ,Erigone ,Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature ,PA - Abstract
A certain Augustan ‘rehabilitation’ of Bacchus may be traced in Virgil’s Georgics, in response to the god’s role in the self-presentation of Mark Antony, especially with reference to the movement on the worship of Bacchus in Book 2. An analysis of the ritual elements is offered here. Nonetheless, certain references to Bacchus in the Georgics suggest that he is a volatile symbol, difficult to control: some of these reside in Virgil’s allusions to Eratosthenes’ Erigone.
- Published
- 2014
29. Investigating prime numbers
- Author
-
Lowe, Ian and Amos, Philip
- Published
- 2017
30. Lysias interrogating Eratosthenes on the murder of Polemarchus (Lys. 12.26)
- Author
-
Aggelos Kapellos
- Subjects
Questions and answers ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,polemarco ,lcsh:DE1-100 ,Language and Linguistics ,theramenes ,interrogation ,lcsh:History of Law ,polemarchus ,lisia ,lcsh:History of the Greco-Roman World ,eratosthenes ,teramene ,Classics ,metics ,lysias ,thirty ,trenta ,Philosophy ,meteci ,lcsh:KJ2-1040 ,interrogatorio ,lcsh:Greek language and literature. Latin language and literature ,Law ,lcsh:PA ,eratostene - Abstract
Eratosthenes arrested Polemarchus, following the orders of the Thirty to seize the money of the metics, and then he brought him to the Council, where he was condemned to death without a proper trial. Eratosthenes could not deny that he had arrested Polemarchus but he hoped to be acquitted by distorting the recent past, which the jurors ignored in all its details. An examination of the questions and answers of Lysias and Eratosthenes, and an assessment of their arguments shows that Lysias was right to regard his opponent as guilty, but the latter still had chances to be acquitted.
- Published
- 2018
31. Nově rozluštěný rukopis se zlomky antických pojednání o souhvězdích ze 6. století (Codex Climaci rescriptus).
- Author
-
HADRAVOVÁ, ALENA and HADRAVA, PETR
- Abstract
Recent discovery of fragments of Aratus' and Eratosthenes' texts on constellations, found in the palimpsest Codex Climaci Rescriptus, are briefly reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
32. Construção de uma narrativa histórica para sala de aula: Eratóstenes, o cálculo da circunferência da Terra e o ensino de semelhança de triângulos
- Author
-
Borges, Fabio, Maria Sitko, Camila, Virginia Mamcasz Viginheski, Lucia, de Carvalho Rutz da Silva, Sani, and Pawlowski, Cristiane
- Subjects
Eratosthenes ,História da Matemática ,Historical Narrative ,Narrativa Histórica ,Eratóstenes ,History of Mathematics ,Similarity of Triangles ,Semelhança de Triângulos - Abstract
This work aims to present an approach to teaching the content of similarity of triangles, based on elements of the History of Mathematics, through historical narratives. The qualitative study uses bibliographic research as a strategy for the construction of a historical narrative that aims to assist the teaching of similarity of triangles from a story focused on the calculation of the circumference of the Earth. The historical facts taken as the main elements in the process of narrative construction and chosen in a way that were related to the contents intended to be taught, were constituted from fragments of history presented in the works of the authors Lasky (2001), Vinagre e Lunazzi (2002) and Asger (1984). Through this proposal, the dynamic of teaching methodologies is emphasized, through the use of interdisciplinary elements that promote qualitative changes in the teaching and learning process, and also enable new ways of addressing content in the classroom and a more active participation of the student in the learning process. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar uma abordagem para o ensino do conteúdo de semelhança de triângulos, com base em elementos da História da Matemática, por meio de narrativas históricas. O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, faz uso da pesquisa bibliográfica como estratégia para a construção de uma narrativa histórica que visa auxiliar o ensino de semelhança de triângulos a partir de uma história voltada ao cálculo da circunferência da Terra. Os fatos históricos tomados como principais elementos no processo de construção da narrativa e escolhidos de forma que estivessem relacionados aos conteúdos que se pretende ensinar, foram constituídos a partir de fragmentos da história apresentados nos trabalhos dos autores Lasky (2001), Vinagre e Lunazzi (2002) e Asger (1984). Acentua-se, através dessa proposta, a dinamização das metodologias de ensino, por meio do uso de elementos interdisciplinares que promovam mudanças qualitativas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e ainda possibilitem novas formas de abordagem do conteúdo na sala de aula e uma participação mais ativa do estudante no processo de aprendizagem.
- Published
- 2020
33. Athens in 411 and 403 b.c.
- Author
-
Elster, Jon
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION Democratic transitional justice is almost as old as democracy itself. In 411 b.c. and then again in 404–403 b.c., the Athenians saw the overthrow of democracy by an oligarchy, followed by defeat of the oligarchs and restoration of democracy. In each case, the return to democracy went together with retributive measures against the oligarchs. In 403, the Athenians also took steps toward restitution of property that had been confiscated by the oligarchic regime. The next episode of transitional justice occurred more than two thousand years later, in the English Restoration. The Athenians had two episodes of transitional justice that followed closely upon each other. It seems likely that after the first episode some learning took place, shaping the next occurrence. After the collapse of the first oligarchy in 411, the Athenians restored the pre-oligarchic democracy, carried out harsh retribution, and enacted new laws to deter future oligarchs from trying to take power. What they did not do was to attack the root causes of the oligarchic coup. In 403, the returning democrats reacted differently. On the one hand, they enacted constitutional changes to eliminate features that had brought democracy into disrepute. On the other hand, they pulled their punches in dealing with the oligarchs, preferring the forward-looking goal of social reconciliation over the backward-looking goal of retribution. ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY To understand the two transitions and the decisions taken in their aftermath, we have to go back to the beginning of Athenian democracy almost two hundred years earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Regional geographies and histories.
- Author
-
Baker, Alan R. H.
- Abstract
The regional discourse in geography The region as a core concept in geography. 484–425 BC), Eratosthenes (c. 484–425 BC), Eratosthenes (c. 275–193 BC), Strabo (63 BC–c. AD 25) and Ptolemy (c. AD 100–178) provided descriptions of the lands and peoples of the known, inhabited world, the ecumene. Herodotus wrote a descriptive work called Geographica: it included the first recorded use of the word ‘geography’, derived from the Greek ge, meaning ‘the earth’, and grapho, meaning ‘I write’ or ‘I describe’. Compiling maps and drawing upon travellers' accounts, Greek scholars described the different physical and human geographies of the world, both ‘real’ and ‘mythologised’. They considered places both as discrete units, in what they termed topographies, and as interconnected systems, in chorographies. Thus the Greeks have been credited with ‘inventing’ regional geography. Thereafter, geography as an organised body of knowledge in the Western world made little progress until the Renaissance and the Age of Discoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Hellenistic Geography from Ephorus Through Strabo
- Author
-
Roller, Duane W., Keyser, Paul T., book editor, and Scarborough, John, book editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Aristotle.
- Author
-
Gondhalekar, Prabhakar
- Abstract
The Bronze Age (2000 BC–1000 BC) was a period of major advances and changes in the riverine cultures of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China. Exceptional developments in irrigation and agriculture had led to the establishment of large urban civilisations in which arts and sciences were encouraged and patronised. Efficient tax collection and revenue management had freed funds to support a class of people who could devote their time to study, observation and contemplation. The alphabet and numbers were formalised and the practice of keeping records, both civil and military, was well established. Concepts of space and measurement and concerns with heavenly bodies and physical structures led to the development of arithmetic and geometry. The development of predictive and exact sciences followed from the study of motions of the Sun, Moon and the five visible planets. The periodicity of the motion of these bodies was utilised to establish a quantitative measure of time, and the correlation between the rising and setting of groups of stars and seasons was developed into a calendar, which we use today (in slightly modified form). The systematic study of the motion of the Sun and Moon by the Mesopotamian priest-astronomers enabled them to identify the cause of eclipses and also to predict future eclipses. The discipline of record keeping had been extended to note the occurrences of unusual astronomical events and irregularities in the movements of planets. The belief-systems developed by these cultures defined man's position in the cosmos and his relationship with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Geophysical researches (gravity and magnetic) of the Eratosthenes Seamount in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
- Author
-
Erbek, Ezgi and Dolmaz, M.
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICAL geography , *GRAVITY , *MAGNETICS , *SEAMOUNTS , *GRAVITY anomalies , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
New free-air gravity and magnetic maps of the Eratosthenes Seamount and its vicinity were regenerated from potential field data. Stages of data processing are power spectrum, upward continuation, filtering on the free-air gravity anomaly data. RTP, pseudo-gravity transformation map, power spectrum, upward continuation, filtering, AS, and HGAS were applied on the magnetic data. A HGAS map shows the images and locations of the Eratosthenes magnetic body. Spectral analysis of the gravity and magnetic anomalies indicates that there is an elliptical elongated structure of the Eratosthenes Seamount in the width of approx. 86 km NW-SE orientation and in the length of 138 km NE-SW orientation, with a strike of N40°E and inclined to NW. It is considered that 22.49 ± 0.08 km obtained from power spectrum of the gravity data may be related to the crust thickness. Also, 15.67 ± 0.02 km obtained from power spectrum of the magnetic data is considered to be related to the magmatic basement of the Eratosthenes Seamount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. ERATOSTENE, FR. 10 POWELL.
- Author
-
MAGNANI, MASSIMO
- Abstract
Some remarks are dedicated to the paradosis and the text of fr. 10 Powell, belonging to the lost Hymn to Hermes of Eratosthenes. Particularly, the meaning of the synonymous pair χερv...τις ἔριθoς (v. 2) is discussed and a conjectural emendation of ἔριθoς is eventually suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
39. Ancient variant, emendation or error? Some notes on Eratosthenes’ epigram on the De duplicatione cubi, line 2, and the apographs of a lost manuscript belonging to Giorgio Valla
- Author
-
Grimaldi, Alessandra
- Subjects
Eratosthenes ,emendation ,textual criticism ,variant reading ,manuscript tradition - Published
- 2020
40. Eratosthenes’ map of the oecumene
- Author
-
Viktoras Lukoševičius and Tomas Duksa
- Subjects
ancient geography ,Eratosthenes ,maps design ,stadia ,meridian ,parallel ,Geodesy ,QB275-343 - Abstract
Eratosthenes (circa 276 B.C.–194 B.C.) is considered a famous scientist of ancient Greece. He was a mathematician and geographer. Born in Cyrene, now Shahhat (Libya), he was appointed to teach the son of the Egyptian King Ptolemy III Euergetes. In 240 B.C., he became the third chief librarian the Great Library of Alexandria. Eratosthenes laid basics for mathematical geography. He was the first to calculate precisely in an original way the Earth meridian's length between Syene and Alexandria. For this purpose he used perpendicular projection of the sun rays during summer solstice (06.22) near the town Syene, now Aswan. His estimation of the length of the Earth's radius (6300 km) is close to present estimation (6371 km). He calculated that a year possesses 365.25 days. He also emphasized the significance of maps as the most important thing in geography. Eratosthenes was the first one to use the term “geographem” to describe the Earth. In this way he legitimized the term of geography. He also put into system geographical information from various sources in order to obtain a map of the world as precise as possible.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A FRAGMENT OF ERATOSTHENES, ON OLD COMEDY (PHOTIUS, LEXICON ε 100 THEODORIDIS)
- Author
-
Maria Broggiato
- Subjects
Literature ,History ,030505 public health ,060103 classics ,Literature and Literary Theory ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,06 humanities and the arts ,Art ,Lexicon ,03 medical and health sciences ,Philosophy ,Fragment (logic) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Classics ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Eratosthenes ,ancient philology and criticism ,Attic comedy ,Old Comedy ,media_common - Abstract
Phot. Lex. ε 100 Theodoridis: ἔγχουσαν οἱ Ἀττικοὶ λέγουσι τὴν ῥίζαν, οὐ δὴ ἄγχουσαν, ἣν ἀπείρως Ἐρατοσθένης φυκίον. Ἀμειψίας Ἀποκοτταβίζουσι· ‘δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἔγχουσα καὶ ψιμύθιον’ (fr. 3 K.–A.).Phot. Lex. ε 100 Theodoridis: The Attic writers call the root enchusa (alkanet), not anchusa, which Eratosthenes out of ignorance (thinks is) a seaweed. Ameipsias in the Cottabus-Players (writes): ‘alkanet and white lead at the price of two obols’ (fr. 3 K.–A.).
- Published
- 2019
42. ‘More accurately than others’ : Eratosthenes’ measurement of the Earth’s circumference (c.230BC)
- Author
-
Matthew, Christopher
- Subjects
- Eratosthenes, Earth (planet), measurement, arc measures, astronomy, history, Thesis (Ph.D.)--Western Sydney University, 2022
- Abstract
The aim of this project is to re-evaluate the results of Eratosthenes’ calculations the circumference of the Earth through a reexamination of all of the available evidence – astronomical, philological, historical and archaeological. This, in turn, will allow for engagement with the long-running scholarly debate over this topic to be undertaken in order to identify any errors or omissions in these prior theories, and account for these errors. This project will examine the available data to compile the first multi-disciplinary re-evaluation of Eratosthenes’ work in order to address two key research objectives: 1. Determine the size of the stade that Eratosthenes used in his calculations. 2. Determine the accuracy of Eratosthenes’ calculation of the circumference of the Earth. As a result, this project will provide the first multi-disciplinary analysis of this important event in the history of astronomy and the ancient attempts to understand our place in a wider universe. Through a critical examination of the available evidence, it can be shown that Eratosthenes was using a stade of 180m in length in his determination of the Earth’s circumference. A unit of this size has never been applied to an analysis of Eratosthenes’ work before now, and constitutes an original contribution by this thesis. The use of a unit of this size is confirmed through a comparison of stated distances between locations in Iran, Afghanistan and Egypt that are attributed to Eratosthenes with ‘on the ground’ measurements obtained using satellite mapping software (Google Earth). This has also never been applied to the examination of Eratosthenes, and constitutes another original contribution of this research. Furthermore, an examination of several key ancient passages, which have been ignored by many previous scholars, demonstrates that the result of Eratosthenes’ calculations was a circumference of around 224,000 stadia – as opposed to the 250,000 or 252,000 stade figures that form the basis of all prior studies into this topic – and that this was based upon a latitudinal distance, determined using sundials, between the two locations which formed a fundamental element of his determination of the size of the Earth. The results of this research show that Eratosthenes’ calculations were highly accurate – with a margin of error of
- Published
- 2022
43. Aristotle, Eratosthenes and the beginnings of Alexandrian scholarship on the Archaia.
- Author
-
Montana, Fausto
- Subjects
SCHOLARLY method ,WIT & humor ,DRAMA - Abstract
Abstract: In his work On the Ancient Comedy, fr. 25 Strecker, Eratosthenes of Cyrene gives a positive appraisal of a metaphorical play on words by the comic poet Cratinus (fr. 54 Kassel / Austin), describing it as εἰς τὸ εἶδος οὐκ ἀρύθμως παίζειν. In this paper, it is argued that this expression, which is in conformity with Aristotelian theorization on metaphor, could also imply an enunciative reminiscence of the judgement given by Aristotle, who held that the irony of the poets of the Archaia was based on αἰσχρολογία, whereas contemporary poets preferred ἐμμελῶς παίζειν ( NE 4.14, 1128a 9). Some ancient explications transmitted in the scholia to Aristophanes' comedies seem to testify to the influence or reception of Eratosthenes' attitude in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Exokeanismós: The (Un) Mappability of Literature.
- Author
-
Stockhammer, Robert
- Subjects
LITERARY criticism ,SOCIAL sciences ,CREATIVE ability ,GEOGRAPHERS ,PHILOLOGISTS ,COMPARATIVE literature - Abstract
Copyright of Comparative Literature / Primerjalna Književnost is the property of Slovenian Comparative Literature Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
45. ERATOSTHENES' MAP OF THE OECUMENE.
- Author
-
Lukoševičius, Viktoras and Duksa, Tomas
- Subjects
- *
CARTOGRAPHY , *MATHEMATICIANS , *MATHEMATICAL geography , *SUMMER solstice , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *ANCIENT geography , *MAPS design technology - Abstract
Eratosthenes (circa 276 B.C.-194 B.C.) is considered a famous scientist of ancient Greece. He was a mathematician and geographer. Born in Cyrene, now Shahhat (Libya), he was appointed to teach the son of the Egyptian King Ptolemy III Euergetes. In 240 B.C., he became the third chief librarian the Great Library of Alexandria. Eratosthenes laid basics for mathematical geography. He was the first to calculate precisely in an original way the Earth meridian's length between Syene and Alexandria. For this purpose he used perpendicular projection of the sun rays during summer solstice (06.22) near the town Syene, now Aswan. His estimation of the length of the Earth's radius (6300 km) is close to present estimation (6371 km). He calculated that a year possesses 365.25 days. He also emphasized the significance of maps as the most important thing in geography. Eratosthenes was the first one to use the term "geographem" to describe the Earth. In this way he legitimized the term of geography. He also put into system geographical information from various sources in order to obtain a map of the world as precise as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Origen y desarrollo del sistema de referencia cronológica para el antiguo Oriente (Primera de tres partes).
- Author
-
Smith Kennedy, Donald
- Abstract
In the fifth century B.C. Herodotus connected the histories of East and West. In the 3rd century B.C. Berossus provided a chronological framework for the history of Babylon to Alexander, Manetho left stories of Egyptian kings and lists of royal names, and Eratosthenes resolved contradictions among local Greek chronologies with a scheme based on the Olympiads. In the 1st century B.C. Diodorus proposed how to reduce the fabulously long reigns assigned in ancient sources to the first kings. Several Jewish authors used biblical data to calculate chronologies from creation, and Jubilees and Josephus made connections with data of other peoples. In the 2nd century AD, Ptolemy based his Canon of Kings, correct to the year, on eclipses. At the century's end no one had yet elaborated a universal chronology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
47. Records of eclipses in ancient European history.
- Author
-
Stephenson, F. Richard
- Abstract
Introduction Compared with the careful observations of similar age which are recorded on the Late Babylonian astronomical texts, many of the eclipse records in ancient Greek and Roman history come as something of an anticlimax. Although numerous descriptions of both solar and lunar obscurations are preserved in these sources, commencing as early as the seventh century BC, most accounts are too vague to be suitable for investigating the Earth's past rotation. The majority of writings which mention eclipses are literary rather than technical, and include historical works, biographies and even poems. Late nineteenth and early twentieth century authors such as Nevill (e.g. 1906a), Ginzel (1899), Cowell (e.g. 1906b), and Fotheringham (e.g. 1920b) paid much attention to these observations. However, this was largely because little other material was available at the time. As noted in chapter 3, the mainstay of investigations made around the beginning of the present century was undoubtedly untimed observations of large solar eclipses. Attempts to date the various records and identify the places of observation proved an almost irresistible challenge to Fotheringham and his contemporaries, and much effort was expended in these pursuits. Considerable interest was also shown in using ancient eclipses to date historical events. (For a recent summary, see Stephenson, 1993.) There seems little doubt that many records in Greek and Roman history relate to eclipses which were either total or fell not much short of this phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. An Analysis of Some Prime Generating Sieves.
- Author
-
Chakrabarty, Alok and Purkayastha, Bipul Syam
- Subjects
PRIME numbers ,RANDOM numbers ,FACTOR tables ,FACTORIZATION ,COMPUTER security - Abstract
Prime number generation is vital to prime factorization and primality testing, and is also used for generating random numbers. Prime number generation gives a better understanding of the fascinating nature of prime numbers which helps to generate large primes which are used in public key cryptosystems for e-security. Further, prime number generation involves heavy number crunching, thus it is also used as a benchmark for comparing the hardware performance and the capabilities of compilers. Prime number generation programs are among the choicest programs for demonstrating programming basics to beginners. The present paper thus discusses some commonly used techniques of generating prime numbers employing the sieve theory. It begins with the famous Sieve of Eratosthenes (SoE) and discusses some of its efficient extensions. The paper also provides an overview of the Pritchard's wheel sieve technique. Finally we provide a comparative complexity analysis of the SoE and its quoted extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
49. Early science education and astronomy.
- Author
-
Wilgenbus, David and Léna, Pierre
- Abstract
Inquiry-based science education is currently receiving a consensus as a pedagogy to teach science at primary and middle school levels, with the goal to reach all children and youngsters, no matter what their future professional choices will be. By the same token, it also greatly increases the fraction of the school population in which future technicians, engineers and sciences could be recruited for further training. La main à la pâte is the name of the action undertaken by the French Académie des Sciences to develop inquiry in France, and then in many collaborating countries. The focus is on science as a whole, and not on particular disciplines such as physics, biology, and so on, since it is the understanding of scientific method and use of evidence which is at the heart of inquiry. Yet, astronomy is offering so many opportunities to demonstrate the scientific method that La main à la pâte has developed a number of inquiry activities in this field, which are presented here, such as Measuring the Earth, Calendars and cultures, the use of One Laptop per Child for Moon observations, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A comparative study of the evolution of the geographical ideas and measurements until the time of Eratosthenes.
- Author
-
Pinotsis, Antonios D.
- Subjects
- *
EARTH (Planet) , *PLANETS , *SOLAR system , *ASTRONOMY , *GEOGRAPHY , *EARTH sciences - Abstract
We perform a comparative study of the evolution of the most important methods for geographical, carto-graphical and astronomical measurements developed by ancient Greek scientists and philosophers until the time of Eratosthenes. It seems that the novel geometrical method invented by Eratosthenes for the measurement of the size of the Earth did not appear suddenly but was the final outcome of long-lasting intellectual activity. It is shown that Anaximander, Pytheas, Eudoxus of Cnidus, Dicaearchus, Aristotle and Archimedes, the most famous ancient Greek philosopher astronomers and geographers before Eratosthenes, affected his thinking and contributed to his discovery. Furthermore, we briefly describe and explain the method of Eratosthenes, its significance, new errors that intruded into Eratosthenes’ measurement, as well as its application for the determination of the shape and the size of the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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